@article{l. kick_zering_classen_2017, title={Approaches to agricultural innovation and their effectiveness}, volume={2}, ISSN={2471-2086}, url={http://dx.doi.org/10.3934/agrfood.2017.4.370}, DOI={10.3934/agrfood.2017.4.370}, abstractNote={Citation: Edward L. Kick, Kelly Zering, John Classen. Approaches to agricultural innovation and their effectiveness[J]. AIMS Agriculture and Food, 2017, 2(4): 370-373. doi: 10.3934/agrfood.2017.4.370}, number={4}, journal={AIMS Agriculture and Food}, publisher={American Institute of Mathematical Sciences (AIMS)}, author={L. Kick, Edward and Zering, Kelly and Classen, John}, year={2017}, pages={370–373} }
 @article{natelson_wang_roberts_zering_2015, title={Technoeconomic analysis of jet fuel production from hydrolysis, decarboxylation, and reforming of camelina oil}, volume={75}, ISSN={0961-9534}, url={http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/J.BIOMBIOE.2015.02.001}, DOI={10.1016/J.BIOMBIOE.2015.02.001}, abstractNote={The commercial production of jet fuel from camelina oil via hydrolysis, decarboxylation, and reforming was simulated. The refinery was modeled as being close to the farms for reduced camelina transport cost. A refinery with annual nameplate capacity of 76,000 cubic meters hydrocarbons was modeled. Assuming average camelina production conditions and oil extraction modeling from the literature, the cost of oil was 0.31 $ kg−1. To accommodate one harvest per year, a refinery with 1 year oil storage capacity was designed, with the total refinery costing 283 million dollars in 2014 USD. Assuming co-products are sold at predicted values, the jet fuel break-even selling price was 0.80 $ kg−1. The model presents baseline technoeconomic data that can be used for more comprehensive financial and risk modeling of camelina jet fuel production. Decarboxylation was compared to the commercially proven hydrotreating process. The model illustrated the importance of refinery location relative to farms and hydrogen production site.}, journal={Biomass and Bioenergy}, publisher={Elsevier BV}, author={Natelson, Robert H. and Wang, Wei-Cheng and Roberts, William L. and Zering, Kelly D.}, year={2015}, month={Apr}, pages={23–34} }
 @article{zering_2014, title={Economic sustainability of cellulosic energy cropping systems}, journal={Cellulosic energy cropping systems}, author={Zering, K. D.}, year={2014}, pages={281–297} }
 @book{furiness_cowling. e._l._r._d._k._campbell_2011, title={Forests as an alternative for poultry manure application}, volume={AG-739}, journal={Technical Report}, author={Furiness, C. and Cowling. E., Allen and L., Abt and R., Frederick and D., Zering and K. and Campbell, R.}, year={2011} }
 @book{furiness_cowling e._l._r._d._k._campbell_2011, title={Forests as an alternative for swine manure application}, volume={AG-740}, journal={Technical Report}, author={Furiness, C. and Cowling E., Allen and L., Abt and R., Frederick and D., Zering and K. and Campbell, R.}, year={2011} }
 @book{furiness_cowling_allen_r. frederick_zering_campbell_2011, title={Using animal manures in forest fertilization}, volume={AG-738}, journal={Technical Report}, institution={NC Cooperative Extension}, author={Furiness, C. and Cowling, E. and Allen, L. Abt and R. Frederick, D. and Zering, K. and Campbell, R.}, year={2011} }
 @inproceedings{westerman_bowers_zering_2010, title={Phosphorus recovery from covered digester effluent with a continuous-flow struvite crystallizer}, volume={26}, DOI={10.13031/2013.29471}, abstractNote={Tests for phosphorus reduction by increasing magnesium and pH to form struvite (magnesium ammonium phosphate hexahydrate (MgNH4PO4 6(H2O)) were conducted using effluent from a covered earthen anaerobic digester for swine manure. A cone-shaped crystallizer system was constructed in the field and operated with direct pumping of covered digester liquid at a flow rate of 5.4 L/min (1.43 gal/min). Using the field system, 24 combinations of pH increase (0 to 1.5 pH units) and magnesium (Mg) addition (0, 20, 40, and 60 mg/L) were tested in short-term (30-min) tests. Up to 80% of the total phosphorus (TP) could be removed with the highest increases in pH and Mg. About 65% of TP was removed with the combination of 0.5-pH unit increase and addition of 40 mg/L of Mg. To test performance over longer periods, this combination was utilized in 40 tests each of 2-h duration during the period of September 2007 through October 2008. Reductions averaged 55 10% (mean standard deviation) removal of TP and 65 5% removal of orthophosphate phosphorus (OP). Analyses of samples of the solids removed from the crystallizer on six different dates indicated that N, P, and Mg were lower on average than theoretical values for pure struvite (5.71% N, 12.62% P, and 9.90% Mg) by 9.9%, 4.4%, and 6.2%. The solids included 1.8% calcium, indicating calcium compounds were being included in the formed material. Costs and returns were estimated for a commercial scale system and chemical costs and TP removal were estimated at selected levels of Mg addition and increase in pH. The net annual cost of the system for 60% removal of TP from digester effluent for a 1000-sow farrow-to-finish operation was estimated to be $0.0146/kg of live hog marketed.}, number={1}, booktitle={Applied Engineering in Agriculture}, author={Westerman, P. W. and Bowers, K. E. and Zering, Kelly}, year={2010}, pages={153–161} }
 @article{chen_zuckerman_zering_2008, title={Applying Target Costing in the Development of Marketable and Environmentally Friendly Products from Swine Waste}, volume={53}, ISSN={0013-791X 1547-2701}, url={http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00137910802071866}, DOI={10.1080/00137910802071866}, abstractNote={Management of swine waste generated in the United States is a challenging problem facing engineers, farmers, scientists, regulators, and policy-makers. Technologies for processing and storing swine waste have not been fully developed and refined in a manner acceptable to the public and environmental regulators. The primary concerns with improperly disposed swine waste are the effects on human and livestock health, surface and groundwater quality, air quality, and conservation of nitrogen fertilizers (Hagenstein 2003). The purpose of this study is to demonstrate the concept of target costing by applying it to a very specific example: the production of biomethanol from swine manure. This study summarizes the analyses that outline a design and calculate a preliminary cost estimate for a proposed system for producing biomethanol from swine manure (initial process). In this study the target costing process is demonstrated with calculation of a target cost. This article also demonstrates an application of value engineering as a systematic, interdisciplinary examination of factors affecting the cost of a product so as to find means to fulfill the product's specified purpose at the required standards of quality and reliability and at an acceptable cost. The article is organized as follows. First, the purpose of applying target costing methodology to the development of marketable by-products from swine manure is outlined. Next, target cost is calculated for biomethanol made from swine manure based on current methanol prices and currently available subsidies for biomethanol made from swine manure. A system for producing biomethanol from swine manure is described. The current cost is calculated for producing biomethanol. Concepts of value engineering are employed to reduce a significant cost component of the initial process resulting in Process II. Finally, value engineering is employed the second time to further reduce the cost of Process II yielding Process III.}, number={2}, journal={The Engineering Economist}, publisher={Informa UK Limited}, author={Chen, Yuang-Sung Al and Zuckerman, Gilroy J. and Zering, Kelly}, year={2008}, month={May}, pages={156–170} }
 @article{eisemann_morrow_see_davies_zering_2002, title={Effect of feed withdrawal prior to slaughter on prevalence of gastric ulcers in pigs}, volume={220}, ISSN={["0003-1488"]}, url={http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?eid=2-s2.0-0037085335&partnerID=MN8TOARS}, DOI={10.2460/javma.2002.220.503}, abstractNote={Abstract}, number={4}, journal={JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN VETERINARY MEDICAL ASSOCIATION}, author={Eisemann, JH and Morrow, WEM and See, MT and Davies, PR and Zering, K}, year={2002}, month={Feb}, pages={503–506} }
 @article{morrow_see_eisemann_davies_zering_2002, title={Effect of withdrawing feed from swine on meat quality and prevalence of Salmonella colonization at slaughter}, volume={220}, ISSN={["0003-1488"]}, url={http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?eid=2-s2.0-0037085491&partnerID=MN8TOARS}, DOI={10.2460/javma.2002.220.497}, abstractNote={Abstract}, number={4}, journal={JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN VETERINARY MEDICAL ASSOCIATION}, author={Morrow, WEM and See, MT and Eisemann, JH and Davies, PR and Zering, K}, year={2002}, month={Feb}, pages={497–502} }
 @inproceedings{cheng j._j._k. d._j. c._k. f._saele_2000, title={Evaluation of alternative swine waste treatment systems in comparison with traditional lagoon system}, ISBN={1892769115}, booktitle={Animal, agricultural and food processing wastes : proceedings of the eighth international symposium : October 9-11, 2000 : Des Moines, Iowa}, publisher={St. Joseph, Mich. : American Society of Agricultural Engineers}, author={Cheng J., Pace and J., Zering and K. D., Barker and J. C., Roos and K. F. and Saele, L. M.}, year={2000}, pages={679} }
 @book{zering_1989, title={Basis tables for live hogs in selected North Carolina markets, 1984-1988}, number={81}, journal={Basis tables for live hogs in selected North Carolina markets, 1984-1988}, publisher={Raleigh, N.C.: Dept. of Economics and Business, N.C. State University}, author={Zering, K. D.}, year={1989} }