@article{turner_deperno_booth_vargo_conner_lancia_2016, title={The Mating System of White-Tailed Deer Under Quality Deer Management}, volume={80}, ISSN={["1937-2817"]}, DOI={10.1002/jwmg.1067}, abstractNote={Mating systems, which can reveal temporal and spatial plasticity within a given species, may influence inbreeding, effective population size, genetic diversity, reproductive fitness, and survival. Although observational research on white-tailed deer has indicated dominant males monopolize breeding opportunities, recent molecular studies suggest a more complex system. It is possible that population characteristics fostered under management strategies designed to balance the sex ratio and extend the male age structure, such as Quality Deer Management (QDM), influence the pre-breeding interactions that affect the distribution of mating success across age classes. Therefore, our objective was to evaluate the white-tailed deer mating system under QDM through paternity analysis. Using 8 microsatellite loci and tissue samples harvested from hunter-killed deer at Chesapeake Farms in Chestertown, Maryland, we evaluated 731 deer. The ≥3.5 age class dominated mating at Chesapeake Farms, with 41% of paternity. However, together, the 1.5- and 2.5-year-old age classes accounted for more than half of paternity (59%). No evidence of polyandry was detected. Our results indicate the interaction between the sex ratio and age structure, fostered by strategies that balance the sex ratio and extend the male age structure, facilitate breeding by younger males. These results indicate management strategies that employ QDM practices with a goal of propagating the genes of dominant males may fall short, and the interplay among sex ratio, age structure, and dominance relationships may be the main influences of mating success. Managers should account for these findings when setting expectations for reproduction under restricted harvest. © 2016 The Wildlife Society.}, number={5}, journal={JOURNAL OF WILDLIFE MANAGEMENT}, author={Turner, Melissa M. and Deperno, Christopher S. and Booth, Warren and Vargo, Edward L. and Conner, Mark C. and Lancia, Richard A.}, year={2016}, month={Jul}, pages={935–940} }
 @article{bishop_gerwin_lancia_2012, title={NESTING ECOLOGY OF SWAINSON'S WARBLERS IN A SOUTH CAROLINA BOTTOMLAND FOREST}, volume={124}, ISSN={["1559-4491"]}, DOI={10.1676/1559-4491-124.4.728}, abstractNote={Abstract We studied the nesting ecology of Swainson's Warblers (Limnothylpis swainsonii) in Britton's Neck, South Carolina, USA and found 144 nests of which 78 were active. Nest initiations followed a bimodal distribution. Clutches averaged (± SE) 3.19 ± 0.20 eggs and 2.50 ± 0.33 fledglings per nest. The Mayfield nest success estimate for a 23-day cycle was 50%. Logistic exposure models indicate nest success to be most impacted by Brown-headed Cowbird (Molothrus ater) nest parasitism, nest age, and distance to the nearest swamp. Unparasitized nests that were younger in age and further from a swamp had the highest daily survival rates. Ten percent of nests were parasitized by Brown-headed Cowbirds with a 26% reduction in Swainson's Warbler hatching and an 89% reduction in fledgling production. Multiple brooding was observed in 21% of 2000 and 2001 Swainson's Warbler nests. Vines, such as greenbrier (Smilax spp.), were the most common substrate used for nesting, although two-thirds of the nests contained cane (Arundinaria tecta and A. gigantea) within a 5-m radius.}, number={4}, journal={WILSON JOURNAL OF ORNITHOLOGY}, author={Bishop, Jennifer Thompson and Gerwin, John A. and Lancia, Richard A.}, year={2012}, month={Dec}, pages={728–736} }
 @article{karns_lancia_deperno_conner_stoskopf_2009, title={Intracranial Abscessation as a Natural Mortality Factor for Adult Male White-Tailed Deer (Odocoileus Virginianus) in Kent County, Maryland, USA}, volume={45}, ISSN={["1943-3700"]}, DOI={10.7589/0090-3558-45.1.196}, abstractNote={Intracranial abscessation is a cause of natural mortality among free-ranging white-tailed deer (Odocoileus virginianus) across portions of the United States and Canada. Intracranial abscesses caused by Arcanobacterium pyogenes disproportionately affect adult male white-tailed deer. From 2003–08, we evaluated the occurrence of intracranial abscessation among adult (≥2.5 yr) radiocollared male white-tailed deer (n=33) at a large private property in Kent County, Maryland, USA. We documented mortality and necropsied 26 (79%) of the 33 deer. In 2007, we collected swabs from the antler bases and nasopharyngeal membranes of living male white-tailed deer in Maryland, USA (n=9), and Texas, USA (n=10), and from freshly rubbed (n=7) and unrubbed (n=7) trees in Maryland, USA. Swabs were cultured for the presence or absence of A. pyogenes. In Maryland, USA, nine (35%) of the 26 necropsied radiocollared male deer had intracranial abscesses. Five (56%) of nine Maryland, USA, males, and none (0%) of 10 Texas, USA, males cultured positive for A. pyogenes. No rubbed or unrubbed trees at the Maryland site cultured positive for A. pyogenes. The rate of intracranial abscess among adult male white-tailed deer at the Maryland, USA, site (35%) exceeds reported rates for other regions of the United States (9%).}, number={1}, journal={JOURNAL OF WILDLIFE DISEASES}, author={Karns, Gabriel R. and Lancia, Richard A. and DePerno, Christopher S. and Conner, Mark C. and Stoskopf, Michael K.}, year={2009}, month={Jan}, pages={196–200} }
 @article{kleist_lancia_doerr_2007, title={Using video surveillance to estimate wildlife use of a highway underpass}, volume={71}, ISSN={["1937-2817"]}, DOI={10.2193/2007-070}, abstractNote={ABSTRACT  Roads pose many threats to wildlife including wildlife‐vehicle collisions, which are a danger to humans as well as wildlife. Bridges built with provisions for wildlife can function as important corridors for wildlife passage. We used video surveillance to record wildlife passage under a bridge near Durham, North Carolina, USA, to determine whether it functioned as a wildlife underpass. This is particularly important for white‐tailed deer (Odocoileus virginianus) because forests associated with the bridge created a corridor between 2 natural areas. We calculated detection probabilities and estimated the number of crossings as observed crossings divided by detection probability. We observed 126 crossings by >10 species of mammals. Detection probability was 42%; therefore, an estimated 299 wildlife crossings occurred. We observed 75 deer: 17 deer approached the underpass and retreated. We estimated sighting 40% of deer crossings and 92% of deer approaches. Thus, an estimated 185 deer crossings and 18 approaches occurred. As an index of road mortality, we conducted weekly surveys of vehicle‐killed animals on a 1.8‐km section containing the underpass. We discovered only 5 incidences of animals killed by vehicles. The size and design of the bridge promoted wildlife use of the underpass, providing landscape connectivity between habitats on opposite sides of the highway and likely increasing motorist safety. Thus, bridges in the appropriate landscape context and with a design conducive to wildlife use, can function as a corridor to reduce the effects of fragmentation.}, number={8}, journal={JOURNAL OF WILDLIFE MANAGEMENT}, author={Kleist, Andrea M. and Lancia, Richard A. and Doerr, Phillip D.}, year={2007}, month={Nov}, pages={2792–2800} }
 @article{shaw_lancia_conner_rosenberry_2006, title={Effect of population demographics and social pressures on white-tailed deer dispersal ecology}, volume={70}, ISSN={["1937-2817"]}, DOI={10.2193/0022-541X(2006)70[1293:EOPDAS]2.0.CO;2}, abstractNote={Abstract Dispersal of yearling male white-tailed deer (Odocoileus virginianus) can have profound effects on population demographics and can adversely affect population estimates and management objectives. The relationship among population demographics, social pressures, and dispersal ecology is not clear and warrants scientific evaluation. The age structure and sex ratio of the white-tailed deer population at Chesapeake Farms, Maryland, USA, changed after implementation of quality deer management (QDM). Following Rosenberry's (1997) pre-QDM study on white-tailed deer dispersal, we conducted a post-QDM study on white-tailed deer dispersal at Chesapeake Farms. The objectives of our study were 1) to compare pre- and post-QDM emigration, immigration, survival, and behaviors of yearling males, 2) to evaluate inbreeding avoidance and sexual competition hypotheses as mechanisms of dispersal through behavioral comparisons of dispersers and nondispersers, and 3) to evaluate the maternal aggression hypothesis by comparing dispersal rates of orphan and non-orphan yearling males determined by genetic maternity analysis. Emigration probability of yearling males 8–18 months of age pre-QDM was 0.70 ± 0.07, and post-QDM was 0.54 ± 0.10 (Z = 1.39, P = 0.165). Survival probability of yearling males 8–18 months of age increased from 0.44 ± 0.07 pre-QDM to 0.72 ± 0.08 post-QDM (Z = 2.82, P = 0.005), and we attributed this increase largely to increased survival of emigrant males post-QDM. Dispersers exhibited breeding competition with other yearling males more often than nondispersers in both pre- (t19 = 3.22, P = 0.005) and post-QDM (t13 = 3.54, P = 0.004) populations. Breeding behaviors of yearling males decreased from pre- to post-QDM (t34 = 2.00, P = 0.053). Antler points of nondisperser yearlings also decreased from pre- to post-QDM (t16 = 3.29, P = 0.005). DNA maternity analysis indicated that dispersal of orphans (4 of 7) and non-orphans (7 of 10) was similar (= 0.298, P = 0.585). Our results fail to support inbreeding avoidance and support sexual competition as a cause of autumn dispersal at Chesapeake Farms. Through QDM, an older male age structure may have suppressed breeding competition in yearling males and decreased dispersal rates, increasing site-specific management efficiency}, number={5}, journal={JOURNAL OF WILDLIFE MANAGEMENT}, author={Shaw, Jonathan C. and Lancia, Richard A. and Conner, Mark C. and Rosenberry, Christopher S.}, year={2006}, month={Nov}, pages={1293–1301} }
 @article{hazler_amacher_lancia_gerwin_2006, title={Factors influencing acadian flycatcher nesting success in an intensively managed forest landscape}, volume={70}, ISSN={["1937-2817"]}, DOI={10.2193/0022-541X(2006)70[532:FIAFNS]2.0.CO;2}, abstractNote={Abstract We examined factors affecting the nesting success of a migratory songbird, the Acadian flycatcher (Empidonax virescens), in loblolly pine plantations in the coastal plain of South Carolina, USA. From 1997–2000, we located and monitored 163 Acadian flycatcher nests in loblolly pine stands and corridors that were 18–27 years old. We used Mayfield logistic regression (Aebischer 1999, Hazler 2004) to model the effects of edge and stand-level vegetation structure on nest daily survival rate. There was no evidence of an effect of edge on nest survival, but nest survival was positively related to the height of the deciduous subcanopy and to the density of shrub cover. Although Acadian flycatchers are generally regarded as habitat specialists requiring mature hardwood forests, our data suggest that pine plantations can support breeding populations, provided that a substantial hardwood component is present. We believe that maintaining multiple vegetation strata and increasing the length of harvest rotations would improve the habitat value of pine plantations for Acadian flycatchers and presumably other species more typically associated with deciduous forests. Maintenance of a corridor network, as practiced by some industrial forest managers, is one means of providing more mature forest habitat, thereby fostering higher nesting success. Concern that these corridors might act as ecological traps seems to be unwarranted in our study area. Corridors thus appear to be a valuable management tool for promoting wildlife values within the context of an industrial forest landscape.}, number={2}, journal={JOURNAL OF WILDLIFE MANAGEMENT}, author={Hazler, Kirsten R. and Amacher, Andrew J. and Lancia, Richard A. and Gerwin, John A.}, year={2006}, pages={532–538} }
 @article{mitchell_rutzmoser_wigley_loehle_gerwin_keyser_lancia_perry_reynolds_thill_et al._2006, title={Relationships between avian richness and landscape structure at multiple scales using multiple landscapes}, volume={221}, ISSN={["1872-7042"]}, DOI={10.1016/j.foreco.2005.09.023}, abstractNote={Little is known about factors that structure biodiversity on landscape scales, yet current land management protocols, such as forest certification programs, place an increasing emphasis on managing for sustainable biodiversity at landscape scales. We used a replicated landscape study to evaluate relationships between forest structure and avian diversity at both stand and landscape-levels. We used data on bird communities collected under comparable sampling protocols on four managed forests located across the Southeastern US to develop logistic regression models describing relationships between habitat factors and the distribution of overall richness and richness of selected guilds. Landscape models generated for eight of nine guilds showed a strong relationship between richness and both availability and configuration of landscape features. Diversity of topographic features and heterogeneity of forest structure were primary determinants of avian species richness. Forest heterogeneity, in both age and forest type, were strongly and positively associated with overall avian richness and richness for most guilds. Road density was associated positively but weakly with avian richness. Landscape variables dominated all models generated, but no consistent patterns in metrics or scale were evident. Model fit was strong for neotropical migrants and relatively weak for short-distance migrants and resident species. Our models provide a tool that will allow managers to evaluate and demonstrate quantitatively how management practices affect avian diversity on landscapes.}, number={1-3}, journal={FOREST ECOLOGY AND MANAGEMENT}, author={Mitchell, MS and Rutzmoser, SH and Wigley, TB and Loehle, C and Gerwin, JA and Keyser, PD and Lancia, RA and Perry, RW and Reynolds, CJ and Thill, RE and et al.}, year={2006}, month={Jan}, pages={155–169} }
 @article{loehle_wigley_rutzmoser_gerwin_keyser_lancia_reynolds_thill_weih_white_et al._2005, title={Managed forest landscape structure and avian species richness in the southeastern US}, volume={214}, ISSN={["1872-7042"]}, DOI={10.1016/j.foreco.2005.04.018}, abstractNote={Forest structural features at the stand scale (e.g., snags, stem density, species composition) and habitat attributes at larger spatial scales (e.g., landscape pattern, road density) can influence biological diversity and have been proposed as indicators in sustainable forestry programs. This study investigated relationships between such factors and total richness of breeding birds based on data from four studies within highly forested landscapes in the southeastern United States (Arkansas, South Carolina, and West Virginia) that were managed for commercial forest products. Habitat attributes were developed from forest inventory data and other information at the stand level and in circular buffers with radii of 250, 500 m, and 1 km around each sample point. Species accumulation curves for all study sites indicated greater richness in the youngest stands, with greater landscape age heterogeneity, and with proximity of sample points to roads. However, bird richness was not related to distance to nearest water or stream density at any scale. Pine forests had the most species at two of three sites where pine forests occurred. Stand biomass and basal area were generally not predictive of avian richness. Watersheds within the Arkansas site under more intensive management showed greater bird diversity. Overall, forest management appeared to have a positive effect on total bird richness.}, number={1-3}, journal={FOREST ECOLOGY AND MANAGEMENT}, author={Loehle, C and Wigley, TB and Rutzmoser, S and Gerwin, JA and Keyser, PD and Lancia, RA and Reynolds, CJ and Thill, RE and Weih, R and White, D and et al.}, year={2005}, month={Aug}, pages={279–293} }
 @article{peters_lancia_gerwin_2005, title={Swainson's warbler habitat selection in a managed bottomland hardwood forest}, volume={69}, number={1}, journal={Journal of Wildlife Management}, author={Peters, K. A. and Lancia, R. A. and Gerwin, J. A.}, year={2005}, pages={409–417} }
 @article{turner_gerwin_lancia_2002, title={Influences of hardwood stand area and adjacency on breeding birds in an intensively managed pine landscape}, volume={48}, number={2}, journal={Forest Science}, author={Turner, J. C. and Gerwin, J. A. and Lancia, R. A.}, year={2002}, pages={323–330} }
 @article{rosenberry_conner_lancia_2001, title={Behavior and dispersal of white-tailed deer during the breeding season}, volume={79}, DOI={10.1139/z00-186}, abstractNote={ Sexual competition and aggression by adult females have been hypothesized to prompt dispersal by male white-tailed deer (Odocoileus virginianus). We observed behavioral interactions of 21 yearling males (14 dispersers and 7 nondispersers) at Chesapeake Farms during the early part of the breeding season prior to actual breeding. Interactions with adult males and females constituted a small portion of all interactions and yearling males were similarly subordinate to adults. Dispersers participated in breeding-season behaviors with yearling males more often than nondispersers did (P = 0.005), and tended to be more subordinate than nondispersers (P = 0.095). Behavioral differences related to sexual competition with other yearlings appeared to be correlated with dispersal by yearling males at Chesapeake Farms. We recommend that both sexual competition and aggression by adult females be considered in future attempts to understand the dispersal behavior of white-tailed deer. }, number={1}, journal={Canadian Journal of Zoology}, author={Rosenberry, C. S. and Conner, M. C. and Lancia, R. A.}, year={2001}, pages={171–174} }
 @article{mitchell_lancia_gerwin_2001, title={Using landscape-level data to predict the distribution of birds on a managed forest: Effects of scale}, volume={11}, DOI={10.2307/3061089}, number={6}, journal={Ecological Applications}, author={Mitchell, M. S. and Lancia, R. A. and Gerwin, J. A.}, year={2001}, pages={1692–1708} }
 @inbook{lancia_rosenberry_conner_2000, title={Population parameters and their estimation}, booktitle={Ecology and management of large mammals in North America}, publisher={NJ: Prentice Hall}, author={Lancia, R. A. and Rosenberry, C. S. and Conner, M. C.}, editor={S. Demarais and Krausman, P. R.Editors}, year={2000}, pages={64–83} }
 @article{davenport_lancia_walters_doerr_2000, title={Red-cockaded woodpeckers: a relationship between reproductive fitness and habitat in the North Carolina Sandhills}, volume={28}, number={2}, journal={Wildlife Society Bulletin}, author={Davenport, D. E. and Lancia, R. A. and Walters, J. R. and Doerr, P. D.}, year={2000}, pages={426–434} }
 @inbook{peine_lancia_1999, title={Control of exotic species: European wild boars}, booktitle={Ecosystem management for sustainability: Principles and practices illustrated by a regional biosphere reserve cooperative}, publisher={Boca Raton, FL: Lewis Publishers}, author={Peine, J. D. and Lancia, R. A.}, year={1999}, pages={267–290} }
 @article{rosenberry_lancia_conner_1999, title={Population effects of white-tailed deer dispersal}, volume={27}, number={3}, journal={Wildlife Society Bulletin}, author={Rosenberry, C. S. and Lancia, R. A. and Conner, M. C.}, year={1999}, pages={858–864} }
 @inbook{wigley_lancia_1998, title={Wildlife communities}, booktitle={Southern forested wetlands: Ecology and management}, publisher={Boca Raton, FL: CRC Press LLC}, author={Wigley, T. B. and Lancia, R. A.}, editor={M.G. Messina and Conner, W.H.Editors}, year={1998}, pages={205–236} }
 @article{lancia_roise_adams_lennartz_1989, title={Opportunity costs of a red-cockaded woodpecker foraging habitat}, volume={13}, number={2}, journal={Southern Journal of Applied Forestry}, author={Lancia, R. A. and Roise, J. P. and Adams, D. A. and Lennartz, M. R.}, year={1989}, pages={81} }