@article{villamizar-martinez_losey_2023, title={Assessment of the Occupational Radiation Dose from a Handheld Portable X-ray Unit During Full-mouth Intraoral Dental Radiographs in the Dog and the Cat - A Pilot Study}, ISSN={["2470-4083"]}, DOI={10.1177/08987564231175596}, abstractNote={Occupational radiation protection is an important consideration in small animal clinics world-wide. With the increased use of portable handheld X-ray devices in veterinary dentistry, concerns related to occupational radiation protection are being raised. Annual occupational dose limits for dental workers are expressed as Total Dose Equivalent (TDE) or Effective Dose. The permitted TDE can vary depending on the anatomical region, ranging from 50 millisieverts (mSv) for the external whole body exposure dose to 500 mSv for external exposure of the skin or an extremity. Although several studies have been performed in human dentistry to establish the amount of backscatter radiation produced using portable handheld X-ray devices, no similar research has been conducted in veterinary dentistry. This study aimed to determine the TDE while acquiring a full mouth intraoral radiograph set in dogs and cats and to estimate the TDE for a handheld X-ray device's operator. For this, the backscatter radiation dose recorded by three sets of monitoring dosimeters located in strategic anatomical areas of the operator was assessed after taking one hundred intraoral radiographs in each group. The study concluded that the backscatter radiation levels were far below the permitted annual occupational doses in the three patient groups of this study. Even though the portable handheld X-ray unit was demonstrated to be a safe dental radiographic unit regarding backscattering radiation, the operator's eye, ovary, and breast regions were exposed to unnecessary radiation.}, journal={JOURNAL OF VETERINARY DENTISTRY}, author={Villamizar-Martinez, Lenin A. A. and Losey, Jeannie}, year={2023}, month={May} }
 @article{carvalho_bordim_fantoni_villamizar-martinez_2023, title={Evaluation of 3D-Printed Dog Teeth for Pre-clinical Training of Endodontic Therapy in Veterinary Dentistry}, ISSN={["2470-4083"]}, DOI={10.1177/08987564231210409}, abstractNote={Artificial teeth in dental training have become a valuable tool for students to gain hands-on experience in a safe and controlled environment. This training method allows students to practice various dental procedures and develop their skills without putting patients at risk. Artificial teeth can be used to simulate dental conditions, allowing students to gain experience in dealing with various situations and techniques. Although previous studies in human dentistry have demonstrated the feasibility of using 3D-printed teeth for teaching endodontic procedures such as root canal therapy, similar research has yet to be conducted in the veterinary field. This study aimed to assess the feasibility of creating 3D-printed teeth from an adult dog skull and validate their use as an alternative training tool for root canal therapy in this species. For this, cone beam computed tomography images from a medium-sized dog skull were used to replicate its teeth using a digital 3D printing system. Then, artificial mandibular first molar teeth and a 24-question survey were sent to specialized veterinary dentistry practitioners in Brazil to assess their perception of the model's characteristics during endodontic treatment. In conclusion, it was feasible to create 3D-printed models of dog teeth with high accuracy for the endodontic system. Despite the differences in the properties of the two materials between natural and artificial teeth, it was possible to use the artificial tooth as a training device for conventional endodontic treatment in dogs. The reliability level for the survey was reported as good, displaying a reliability coefficient above 0.86.}, journal={JOURNAL OF VETERINARY DENTISTRY}, author={Carvalho, Vanessa Graciela and Bordim, Nicole Bernart Casara and Fantoni, Denise Tabacchi and Villamizar-Martinez, Lenin A.}, year={2023}, month={Nov} }
 @article{villamizar-martinez_ferro_carvalho_ferreira_reiter_2022, title={Caudal and middle segmental mandibulectomies for the treatment of unilateral temporomandibular joint ankylosis in cats}, volume={8}, ISSN={["2055-1169"]}, DOI={10.1177/20551169221086438}, abstractNote={Case series summary Three cats affected by unilateral temporomandibular joint ankylosis underwent segmental mandibulectomy, while one cat with bilateral ankylosis underwent right temporomandibular joint gap arthroplasty and left segmental mandibulectomy. Minimal intraoperative complications were linked to the segmental mandibulectomies in the cases reported. All cats recovered their ability to open the mouth, and the vertical range of motion was unaltered during the postoperative period. Mandibular drift and dental malocclusion were the main postoperative complications related to the segmental mandibulectomies. Relevance and novel information Surgical excision of ankylotic tissue at the temporomandibular joint region may be technically challenging and associated with severe iatrogenic trauma of surrounding tissues. The results of this case series suggest that middle or caudal segmental mandibulectomy is a safe, feasible and effective surgical procedure to treat unilateral temporomandibular ankylosis in cats and could be considered as an alternative surgical technique to surgical excision of ankylotic tissue at the temporomandibular joint.}, number={1}, journal={JOURNAL OF FELINE MEDICINE AND SURGERY OPEN REPORTS}, author={Villamizar-Martinez, Lenin A. and Ferro, Daniel G. and Carvalho, Vanessa G. and Ferreira, Jonathan and Reiter, Alexander M.}, year={2022}, month={Mar} }
 @article{martins_ambrosio_fantoni_pinto_villamizar-martinez_soares_otsuki_malbouisson_2022, title={Computed Tomography Assessment of Tidal Lung Overinflation in Domestic Cats Undergoing Pressure-Controlled Mechanical Ventilation During General Anesthesia}, volume={9}, ISSN={["2297-1769"]}, DOI={10.3389/fvets.2022.842528}, abstractNote={Objective This study aimed to evaluate lung overinflation at different airway inspiratory pressure levels using computed tomography in cats undergoing general anesthesia. Study Design Prospective laboratory study. Animals A group of 17 healthy male cats, aged 1.9–4.5 years and weighing 3.5 ± 0.5 kg. Methods Seventeen adult male cats were ventilated in pressure-controlled mode with airway pressure stepwise increased from 5 to 15 cmH2O in 2 cmH2O steps every 5 min and then stepwise decreased. The respiratory rate was set at 15 movements per min and end-expiratory pressure at zero (ZEEP). After 5 min in each inspiratory pressure step, a 4 s inspiratory pause was performed to obtain a thoracic juxta-diaphragmatic single slice helical CT image and to collect respiratory mechanics data and an arterial blood sample. Lung parenchyma aeration was defined as overinflated, normally-aerated, poorly-aerated, and non-aerated according to the CT attenuation number (−1,000 to −900 HU, −900 to −500 HU, −500 to −100 HU, and −100 to +100 HU, respectively). Result At 5 cmH2O airway pressure, tidal volume was 6.7± 2.2 ml kg−1, 2.1% (0.3–6.3%) of the pulmonary parenchyma was overinflated and 84.9% (77.6%−87.6%) was normally inflated. Increases in airway pressure were associated with progressive distention of the lung parenchyma. At 15 cmH2O airway pressure, tidal volume increased to 31.5± 9.9 ml kg−1 (p < 0.001), overinflated pulmonary parenchyma increased to 28.4% (21.2–30.6%) (p < 0.001), while normally inflated parenchyma decreased 57.9% (53.4–62.8%) (p < 0.001). Tidal volume and overinflated lung fraction returned to baseline when airway pressure was decreased. A progressive decrease was observed in arterial carbon dioxide partial pressure (PaCO2) and end-tidal carbon dioxide (ETCO2) when the airway pressures were increased above 9 cmH2O (p < 0.001). The increase in airway pressure promoted an elevation in pH (p < 0.001). Conclusions and Clinical Relevance Ventilation with 5 and 7 cmH2O of airway pressure prevents overinflation in healthy cats with highly compliant chest walls, despite presenting acidemia by respiratory acidosis. This fact can be controlled by increasing or decreasing respiratory rate and inspiratory time.}, journal={FRONTIERS IN VETERINARY SCIENCE}, author={Martins, Alessandro R. C. and Ambrosio, Aline M. and Fantoni, Denise T. and Pinto, Ana Carolina B. C. F. and Villamizar-Martinez, Lenin Arturo and Soares, Joao H. N. and Otsuki, Denise A. and Malbouisson, Luiz Marcelo S.}, year={2022}, month={Apr} }
 @article{villamizar-martinez_tsugawa_2022, title={Diagnostic Imaging of Oral and Maxillofacial Anatomy and Pathology}, volume={52}, ISSN={["1878-1306"]}, DOI={10.1016/j.cvsm.2021.08.003}, abstractNote={This article describes the technical principles and indications for the most often encountered diagnostic imaging modalities in veterinary dentistry and oral surgery; with extensive coverage of intraoral (and extraoral) dental radiographic imaging and interpretation through detailed example figures of common dental and maxillofacial diseases in the dog and cat. Multidetector/multislice computed tomography (MDCT/MSCT) and emergent technologies such as cone-beam computed tomography (CBCT) are presented here in detail. Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and diagnostic ultrasound, which are used less frequently, are briefly discussed.}, number={1}, journal={VETERINARY CLINICS OF NORTH AMERICA-SMALL ANIMAL PRACTICE}, author={Villamizar-Martinez, Lenin A. and Tsugawa, Anson J.}, year={2022}, month={Jan}, pages={67–105} }
 @article{villamizar-martinez_villegas_duailibi_robertson_soltero-rivera_reiter_chilvarquer_gioso_2022, title={Morphometry and Morphology of the Articular Surfaces of the Medial Region of the Temporomandibular Joint in the Felis Catus (Domestic cat)-A Cone Beam Computed Tomography Study}, volume={12}, ISSN={["2470-4083"]}, url={http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/08987564221141985}, DOI={10.1177/08987564221141985}, abstractNote={The articular surfaces of the temporomandibular joint (TMJ) in the cat consist of the articular head of the condylar process of the ramus of the mandible and the mandibular fossa of the petrous part of the temporal bone. Anatomic conformation of the TMJ articular surfaces can vary; however, this has not been studied in the cat. Thus, the aim of this study was to characterize the conformation of the medial region of the TMJ in mesocephalic adult cats as well as to determine the articular relationship by measurement of the degree of coverage of the mandibular fossa over the articular head. This was accomplished by assessing 60 TMJs from 30 mesocephalic adult cats by means of cone-beam computed tomography (CBCT). The width and depth of the mandibular fossa, and the degree of coverage of the mandibular fossa were evaluated using parasagittal reconstructions of the medial aspect of the TMJ by two observers. No statistically significant difference was observed during the intra and interobserver evaluation of the mandibular fossa width and depth and the degree of coverage of the mandibular fossa over the articular head. P-values for the studied variables were greater than 0.05. The resulting measurements demonstrated a concave mandibular fossa with a prominent retroarticular process and a poorly developed articular eminence; a well-defined rounded articular surface, and a high degree of coverage (171°) of the mandibular fossa over the articular head. In conclusion, the articular surfaces at the medial aspect of the TMJ displayed elevated geometric similarity, with an articular head of the condylar process deeply seated in the mandibular fossa.}, journal={JOURNAL OF VETERINARY DENTISTRY}, publisher={SAGE Publications}, author={Villamizar-Martinez, Lenin A. A. and Villegas, Cristian M. M. and Duailibi, Eduardo and Robertson, James B. B. and Soltero-Rivera, Maria and Reiter, Alexander M. M. and Chilvarquer, Israel and Gioso, Marco A. A.}, year={2022}, month={Dec} }
 @article{villamizar-martinez_chia_robertson_villegas_reiter_2021, title={Comparison of unilateral rostral, middle and caudal segmental mandibulectomies as an alternative treatment for unilateral temporomandibular joint ankylosis in cats: an ex vivo study}, volume={23}, ISSN={["1532-2750"]}, DOI={10.1177/1098612X20977134}, abstractNote={Objectives Temporomandibular joint ankylosis (TMJA) is the partial or complete inability to open the mouth due to intra- or extra-articular fibrous, bony or fibro-osseous tissue proliferation. Surgical procedures such as gap arthroplasty, condylectomy or wide extra-articular osteotomy have been recommended to treat this condition; these techniques are challenging, time-consuming and have been occasionally associated with postoperative recurrence, severe periarticular neurovascular iatrogenic trauma and death. Segmental mandibulectomy had previously been recommended as an alternative option for unilateral TMJA, but the location of mandibulectomy and extent of bone removal from the mandible region have not been mentioned in the literature. This study aimed to validate the area of the mandibular body (rostral, middle or caudal) and amount of bony tissue that should be osteotomized during a segmental mandibulectomy for treatment of unilateral TMJA in cats. Methods In this block study, 30 cadaver heads of domestic shorthair cats were randomly divided into three groups of 10 specimens each based on the mandibular region that would undergo segmental mandibulectomy (rostral, middle and caudal). The size of the removed mandibular segment and pre- and postoperative vertical range of mandibular motion were compared for statistical purposes. Results A significant statistical difference was observed between the pre- and postoperative vertical range of mandibular motion between the rostral, middle and caudal segmental mandibulectomies (P <0.001). The mean postoperative recovered range of mandibular motion for the rostral, middle and caudal segmental mandibulectomies was 50.4%, 81.9% and 90.4%, respectively. Conclusions and relevance The caudal segmental mandibulectomy showed the highest postoperative vertical range of mandibular motion. The removal of a minimum of 1.2 cm of the caudal mandibular body was required to achieve nearly full recovery of presurgical mouth opening in the specimens of this study. The caudal segmental mandibulectomy may eliminate the risk of iatrogenic periarticular neurovascular damage inherent to more invasive surgeries performed at the temporomandibular joint area. When performed unilaterally, the caudal segmental mandibulectomy is a viable surgical alternative that may show a similar outcome to other surgical techniques.}, number={8}, journal={JOURNAL OF FELINE MEDICINE AND SURGERY}, author={Villamizar-Martinez, Lenin A. and Chia, Han and Robertson, James B. and Villegas, Cristian M. and Reiter, Alexander M.}, year={2021}, month={Aug}, pages={783–793} }
 @article{chia_taney_hoover_robertson_villamizar-martinez_2021, title={Localization of the First Mandibular Molar Roots in Relationship to the Mandibular Canal in Small Breed Dogs-A Tomography Imaging Study}, volume={8}, ISSN={["2297-1769"]}, DOI={10.3389/fvets.2021.684763}, abstractNote={The intimate relationship between the mandibular canal (MC) and the first mandibular molar tooth presents challenges when performing dentoalveolar surgical procedures due to the probability of causing iatrogenic injury to the inferior alveolar neurovascular bundle. Superimposition between the MC and the first molar (M1) tooth roots is often observed on intraoral dental radiographs in small breed dogs. However, due to the radiograph's bidimensional nature, it is impossible to determine the buccal or lingual localization of the first molar roots with respect to the MC. Thus, this study's objective was to determine the localization of the first molar tooth's roots in relation to the position of the MC and their overlapping percentage with the canal in small-bodyweight dogs (<15 kg) using tomographic diagnostic images. For this, cone-beam computed tomography and high-definition computed tomography exams from 103 small breed dogs (under 15 kg) were retrospectively assessed to determine the lingual or buccal localization of the first molar tooth's roots with respect to the MC and the degree of overlap of the roots with the canal. In conclusion, most of the roots of M1 of dogs under 15 kg were located at the MC's lingual aspect (82.7%) with an overall superimposition median with the MC of 100 and 90% for the mesial and distal roots, respectively. Straddle tooth roots were not a common anatomical presentation in the dogs of this study.}, journal={FRONTIERS IN VETERINARY SCIENCE}, author={Chia, Han and Taney, Kendall and Hoover, Don and Robertson, James B. and Villamizar-Martinez, Lenin A.}, year={2021}, month={May} }
 @article{villamizar-martinez_villegas_gioso_baroni_unruh_cohen_reiter_2021, title={Radiographic Assessment of the Feline Temporomandibular Joint with Oblique Projections: A Preliminary Ex Vivo Study}, volume={12}, ISSN={["2470-4083"]}, DOI={10.1177/08987564211066571}, abstractNote={Radiographic assessment of the temporomandibular joint in the domestic cat using conventional radiographic views can be challenging due to superimposition of overlying structures and the complex anatomy of the skull. The use of computed tomography, magnetic resonance imaging, and cone beam computed tomography to assess the temporomandibular joint in the cat has increased, but these modalities are not always available in general veterinary practices. Conventional radiography is still commonly used for first line assessment of the temporomandibular joint. The aim of this preliminary study was to determine optimal angle of obliquity of lateroventral-laterodorsal and laterorostral-laterocaudal (nose up lateral oblique) oblique radiographic views in the assessment of the temporomandibular joints in five feline mesaticephalic dry skulls. Visibility of the mandibular head, mandibular fossa, retroarticular process, and temporomandibular joint space were evaluated and scored by two veterinary radiologists. The results of this study identified that the dependent temporomandibular joint anatomy was best seen on the latero-10°-ventral-laterodorsal, latero-15°-ventral-laterodorsal, and latero-20°-ventral-laterodorsal, oblique views, and opposite lateral oblique views at these angulations may be helpful in characterization of this anatomy in clinical patients. The results also indicate that the laterorostral-laterocaudal (nose up lateral oblique) oblique view did not allow adequate discrimination of all TMJ anatomy at any angle, and is not recommended.}, journal={JOURNAL OF VETERINARY DENTISTRY}, author={Villamizar-Martinez, Lenin A. and Villegas, Cristian M. and Gioso, Marco A. and Baroni, Carina Outi and Unruh, Silvana M. and Cohen, Eli B. and Reiter, Alexander M.}, year={2021}, month={Dec} }
 @article{soltero-rivera_elliott_hast_shetye_castejon-gonzalez_villamizar-martinez_stefanovski_reiter_2019, title={Fracture Limits of Maxillary Fourth Premolar Teeth in Domestic Dogs Under Applied Forces}, volume={5}, ISSN={["2297-1769"]}, DOI={10.3389/fvets.2018.00339}, abstractNote={A cadaveric study was performed to investigate the external mechanical forces required to fracture maxillary fourth premolar teeth in domestic dogs and describe a clinically relevant model of chewing forces placed on functionally important teeth in which fracture patterns are consistent with those defined by the American Veterinary Dental College (AVDC). Twenty-four maxillary fourth premolar teeth were harvested from dog cadavers. Samples consisted of teeth with surrounding alveolar bone potted in polycarbonate cylinders filled with acrylic. The cylinders were held by an aluminum device at an angle of 60° with respect to the ground. An axial compression test was performed, creating a force upon the occluso-palatal aspects of the main cusps of the crowns of the teeth. The highest compressive force prior to failure was considered the maximum force sustained by the teeth. Results showed the mean maximum force (± SD) sustained by the tested teeth at the point of fracture was 1,281 N (± 403 N) at a mean impact angle (± SD) of 59.7° (± 5.2°). The most common fracture type that occurred among all samples was a complicated crown fracture (n = 12), followed by an uncomplicated crown fracture (n = 6), complicated crown-root fracture (n = 5), and uncomplicated crown-root fracture (n = 1). There was no statistically significant correlation between dog breed, age, weight, impact angle, crown height or crown diameter, and the maximum force applied at the point of fracture. The only independent variable that remained significantly associated with maximum force was the crown height to diameter ratio (p = 0.005), suggesting that a decreased ratio increases tooth fracture resistance. The methodology described herein has been successful in creating a pattern of fracture of maxillary fourth premolar teeth consistent with that defined by the AVDC under angled compression at forces within the maximum chewing capability of the average domestic dog.}, journal={FRONTIERS IN VETERINARY SCIENCE}, author={Soltero-Rivera, Maria and Elliott, Matthew I and Hast, Michael W. and Shetye, Snehal S. and Castejon-Gonzalez, Ana C. and Villamizar-Martinez, Lenin A. and Stefanovski, Darko and Reiter, Alexander M.}, year={2019}, month={Jan} }
 @article{castejon gonzalez_villamizar-martinez_reiter_2017, title={Mandibular thickening due to periodontal and endodontic disease in a dog}, volume={250}, journal={Journal of the American Veterinary Medical Association}, author={Castejon Gonzalez, A.C. and Villamizar-Martinez, L.A. and Reiter, M.A.}, year={2017}, pages={1101–1103} }
 @article{villamizar-martinez_reiter_sánchez_soltero-rivera_2016, title={Benign cementoblastoma (true cementoma) in a cat}, volume={2}, ISSN={2055-1169 2055-1169}, url={http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/2055116915626847}, DOI={10.1177/2055116915626847}, abstractNote={Case summary A 10-year-old castrated male domestic shorthair cat was presented for assessment of a gingival mass surrounding the left maxillary third and fourth premolar teeth. The mass was surgically removed by means of a marginal rim excision, and the tissue was submitted for histological assessment. It was identified as a benign cementoblastoma (true cementoma). There was proliferation of mineralized eosinophilic material with multiple irregularly placed lacunae and reversal lines, reminiscent of cementum. The cat recovered uneventfully from the anesthesia, and there was no evidence of tumor recurrence 6 months after surgery. Relevance and novel information Cementoblastomas (true cementomas) in domestic animals are rare, with just a few reports in ruminants, monogastric herbivores and rodents. Cementoblastoma is considered a benign tumor that arises from the tooth root. The slow, expansive and constant growth that characterizes these masses may be accompanied by signs of oral discomfort and dysphagia. This case report is intended to increase knowledge regarding this tumor in cats and also highlights the importance of complete excision of the neoplasm. To our knowledge, there are no previous reports in the literature of cementoblastoma in the cat.}, number={1}, journal={Journal of Feline Medicine and Surgery Open Reports}, publisher={SAGE Publications}, author={Villamizar-Martinez, Lenin A and Reiter, Alexander M and Sánchez, Melissa D and Soltero-Rivera, Maria M}, year={2016}, month={Jan}, pages={205511691562684} }
 @article{villamizar-martinez_villegas_gioso_reiter_patricio_pinto_2016, title={Morphologic and Morphometric Description of the Temporomandibular Joint in the Domestic Dog Using Computed Tomography}, volume={33}, ISSN={0898-7564 2470-4083}, url={http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0898756416660008}, DOI={10.1177/0898756416660008}, abstractNote={The temporomandibular joint (TMJ) in the domestic dog is a synovial joint with 2 articular surfaces, the mandibular fossa of the squamous portion of the temporal bone and the articular head of the condylar process of the mandible. Although different diagnostic imaging techniques have been used to study the TMJ in dogs, morphologic and morphometric studies based on computed tomography (CT) are scarce. The purpose of the present study was to describe the morphologic and morphometric features of the TMJ in domestic dogs using CT. Width and depth of the mandibular fossa and 2 different angles between the mandibular fossa and the condylar process were measured in 96 TMJs of 48 dogs of different breeds (Labrador retriever, German shepherd, cocker spaniel, boxer, English bulldog, pug, shih tzu, and Cavalier King Charles spaniel). Temporomandibular joint conformation differed between breeds. Mid- and small-sized dogs had mandibular fossae that were more shallow, less developed retroarticular processes, and irregularly shaped condylar processes. The TMJs were more congruent in large dogs, presenting with deeper mandibular fossae, prominent retroarticular processes, and more uniform condylar processes. The measurements proposed in this study demonstrated 3 different morphologic conformations for the TMJ in the dogs of this study.}, number={2}, journal={Journal of Veterinary Dentistry}, publisher={SAGE Publications}, author={Villamizar-Martinez, Lenin A. and Villegas, Cristian M. and Gioso, Marco A. and Reiter, Alexander M. and Patricio, Geni C. and Pinto, Ana C.}, year={2016}, month={Jun}, pages={75–82} }
 @article{carvalho_villamizar_nascimento_2014, title={Doença periodontal em gatos e a associação com lesões de reabsorção}, volume={17}, journal={Nosso Clínico}, author={Carvalho, V.G.G. and Villamizar, L.A. and Nascimento, N.A.}, year={2014}, pages={18–24} }
 @article{garcia_kowalesky_villamizar_fecchio_gioso_2014, title={Frequência de fraturas dentais em cães e gatos da casuística cirúrgica do Hovet da Faculdade de Medicina Veterinária e Zootecnia da Universidade de São Paulo}, volume={1}, journal={Revista da Anclivepa - São Paulo. Associação Nacional de Clínicos Veterinários de Pequenos Animais}, author={Garcia, C.L. and Kowalesky, J. and Villamizar, L.A. and Fecchio, R. and Gioso, M.A.}, year={2014}, pages={19–23} }
 @article{gioso_carvalho_cunha_martinez_lemos_carvalho_2014, title={Intra-oral mandibular sagittal osteotomy technique to correct mandibular distocclusion and mesio-occlusion}, volume={27}, ISSN={0932-0814 2567-6911}, url={http://dx.doi.org/10.3415/vcot-12-06-0069}, DOI={10.3415/vcot-12-06-0069}, abstractNote={Summary Skeletal malocclusions may be due to disturbances in the growth of the mandible or maxilla. In most cases, discomfort is the result of tooth-to-tooth malocclusion or tooth-to-softtissue contact. Currently, in veterinary medicine, these problems are treated palliatively. In humans, orthognathic surgery is indicated to correct severe skeletal malocclusions, offering aesthetic and functional benefits to the patients. This research evaluated the effects of an intra-oral mandibular sagittal split osteotomy in 20 dog cadavers with skeletal malocclusion. After sagittal osteotomy and mandibular repositioning, the osteotomies were fixed with titanium mini-plates and 1.5 mm diameter screws or 1.5 mm bicortical screws. The statistical analysis revealed a significant occlusion difference in the treated cadavers (Wilcoxon test, p <0.05). In 19/20 cadavers there was correction of the angular osteotomy while the mandibular alveolar vessels and nerve were preserved during osteotomy and fixation in all cadavers. In conclusion, intra-oral mandible sagittal osteotomy allowed correction of malocclusion in cadavers. However, it would be important to prepare a preoperative orthodontic-surgical treatment plan to obtain a satisfactory occlusion during the surgery in clinical patients.}, number={01}, journal={Veterinary and Comparative Orthopaedics and Traumatology}, publisher={Georg Thieme Verlag KG}, author={Gioso, M. A. and Carvalho, P. E. G. and Cunha, F. P. and Martinez, L. A. V. and Lemos, L. S. and Carvalho, V. G. G.}, year={2014}, pages={27–35} }
 @article{villamizar_kowalesky_fugita_patricio_gioso_2013, title={Anquilosis temporomandibular en un gato persa - relato de caso}, volume={21}, journal={Selecciones Veterinarias}, author={Villamizar, L.A. and Kowalesky, J. and Fugita, M. and Patricio, G. and Gioso, M.A.}, year={2013}, pages={51–59} }
 @article{villamizar-martinez_baroni_zardo_martin_pinto_2013, title={Aspectos radiográficos e tomográficos da displasia do cotovelo - Revisão de literatura}, volume={18}, journal={Clínica Veterinária (São Paulo)}, author={Villamizar-Martinez, L.A. and Baroni, C.O. and Zardo, K. and Martin, C. and Pinto, A.C.}, year={2013}, pages={100–108} }
 @article{pinto_villamizar_ghirelli_silva_baroni_banon_guerra_amaral_torres_2013, title={Choroid plexus papilloma in a Rottweiler: computed tomographic, gross morfological and histological features}, volume={65}, ISSN={0102-0935}, url={http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/s0102-09352013000300023}, DOI={10.1590/s0102-09352013000300023}, abstractNote={Among the tumors affecting the choroid plexus in dogs, the papilloma ranks second place in incidence after cell carcinoma tumors. Presumptive diagnosis can be made through imaging methods, such as computed tomography and magnetic resonance images. Definitive diagnosis of plexus choroid tumor is based on histopathological findings. This report presented the tomographic features of the brain in a 6-year-old intact female Rottweiler with choroid plexus papilloma. The computed tomography showed right lateral ventricle enlargement, midline deviation and an enhanced mass into the postcontrast phase. At necropsy, a mass on the floor of the right lateral ventricle was observed, associated with important ventricle dilatation. The histopathological analysis demonstrated the presence of neoplastic cell forms with papillary projections. The computed tomography proved to be an effective tool in the presumptive diagnosis of this kind of cerebral disorder.}, number={3}, journal={Arquivo Brasileiro de Medicina Veterinária e Zootecnia}, publisher={FapUNIFESP (SciELO)}, author={Pinto, A.C.B.C. Fonseca and Villamizar, L.A. and Ghirelli, C.O. and Silva, T.R.C. and Baroni, C.O. and Banon, G.P.R. and Guerra, J.M. and Amaral, C.T. and Torres, L.N.}, year={2013}, month={Jun}, pages={763–767} }
 @article{ghirelli_villamizar_pinto_2013, title={Comparison of Standard Radiography and Computed Tomography in 21 Dogs with Maxillary Masses}, volume={30}, ISSN={0898-7564 2470-4083}, url={http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/089875641303000201}, DOI={10.1177/089875641303000201}, abstractNote={Imaging of patients with oral cancer is required to determine tumor extension in order to assist in prognosis and surgical planning. Conventional screen-film radiography (SFR) used to be the most common method for oral assessment, but computed tomography (CT) has become more available and is being used for obtaining complementary information. CT examinations eliminate superimposition by acquiring cross-sectional images of the region of interest. The objective of this study was to determine the diagnostic value of SFR compared with CT examinations for evaluation of oral masses in dogs. Twenty-one dogs received head and thorax SFR, and pre- and post-contrast head CT. Bony changes were observed in 80.9 % and 95.2 % of the cases in SFR and CT studies, respectively. Invasion of adjacent structures (i.e. nasal cavity, frontal and sphenoidal sinuses, orbit, maxillary recess, nasopharynx) was observed in only 30 % of cases with SFR while CT showed 90.4 % involvement. CT is an important preoperative examination modality and is more effective in identifying bone changes and tumor invasion of adjacent structures compared with SFR.}, number={2}, journal={Journal of Veterinary Dentistry}, publisher={SAGE Publications}, author={Ghirelli, Carolina O. and Villamizar, Lenin A. and Pinto, Ana Carolina B.C. Fonseca}, year={2013}, month={Jun}, pages={72–76} }
 @article{fugita_villamizar_kowalesky_fecchio_prazeres_gioso_2013, title={Fístula infraorbitária associada à doença periodontal no cão: relato de dois casos}, volume={16}, journal={Nosso Clínico}, author={Fugita, M. and Villamizar, L.A. and Kowalesky, J. and Fecchio, Roberto S. and Prazeres, R.F. and Gioso, M.A.}, year={2013}, pages={28–32} }
 @article{fecchio_villamizar_prazeres_gioso_2013, title={Uso de pinos intra-dentinarios en la reconstitución coronal de un diente incisivo en un perro: relato de caso}, volume={21}, journal={Selecciones Veterinarias}, author={Fecchio, R. and Villamizar, L.A. and Prazeres, R. and Gioso, M.A.}, year={2013}, pages={19–24} }
 @article{fecchio_prazeres_fantoni_villamizar_gioso_2012, title={Correção de disjunção de sínfise em gnatoteca de Agapornis - Agapornis fischeri}, volume={90}, journal={Nosso Clínico}, author={Fecchio, R. and Prazeres, R. and Fantoni, D. and Villamizar, L.A. and Gioso, M.A.}, year={2012}, pages={30–32} }
 @article{villamizar_ghirelli_baroni_ferro_pinto_2012, title={Uso da tomografia computadorizada no planejamento cirúrgico da anquilose temporomandibular extra-articular unilateral}, volume={19}, journal={Veterinária e Zootecnia (UNESP}, author={Villamizar, L.A. and Ghirelli, C. and Baroni, C.O. and Ferro, D. and Pinto, A.C.B.}, year={2012}, pages={43–45} }
 @article{martinez_gioso_lobos_pinto_2010, title={Determinação do trajeto do canal mandibular por meio de tomografia computadorizada em dez mandíbulas de cadáveres de cães mesaticefálicos}, volume={47}, ISSN={1678-4456 1413-9596}, url={http://dx.doi.org/10.11606/issn.1678-4456.bjvras.2010.26826}, DOI={10.11606/issn.1678-4456.bjvras.2010.26826}, abstractNote={Sabe-se que durante qualquer procedimento cirurgico na regiao da mandibula no homem, um dano iatrogenico ao feixe vasculonervoso que percorre o canal mandibular (CM) poderia causar desde parestesia ate dor constante. Na odontologia veterinaria, diferentes procedimentos cirurgicos sao realizados no tecido osseo adjacente ao CM, o que implica no conhecimento acurado da localizacao do mesmo. O objetivo desta pesquisa foi determinar por meio da Tomografia Computadorizada (TC) o trajeto do CM em relacao as faces da mandibula: lingual, vestibular, ventral e crista alveolar em dez mandibulas de cadaveres de caes mesaticefalicos. Os tomogramas foram realizados no plano transversal, tomando como referencia para cada corte o forame mandibular, as raizes dentarias dos dentes molares, pre-molares e forame mentoniano medio. No tomografo foram realizadas medidas desde o CM ate as diferentes faces. Conclui-se que a partir do dente 3o molar, no sentido rostral, o CM aumenta gradualmente a distância em relacao a crista alveolar, alcancando a sua maxima profundidade na regiao dente 1o molar. Em relacao as faces vestibular e lingual, o CM apresentou-se lingualizado na regiao dos dentes molares. O CM continua rostralmente ocupando a regiao ventral do corpo da mandibula, mantendo uma distância similar entre a superficie vestibular e lingual. Ja na regiao do dente 3o pre-molar o canal mandibular aumenta ligeiramente a sua distância com relacao a face ventral e lingual da mandibula, antes do seu fim no forame mentoniano medial na face vestibular da mandibula.}, number={4}, journal={Brazilian Journal of Veterinary Research and Animal Science}, publisher={Universidade de Sao Paulo Sistema Integrado de Bibliotecas - SIBiUSP}, author={Martinez, Lenin Arturo Villamizar and Gioso, Marco Antonio and Lobos, Cristian Marcelo Villegas and Pinto, Ana Carolina Brandão de Campos Fonseca}, year={2010}, month={Aug}, pages={274} }
 @article{ghirelli_villamizar_pinto_2010, title={Estudo radiográfico e tomográfico de seis cães portadores de neoplasia mandibular}, volume={XV}, journal={Clínica Veterinária (São Paulo)}, author={Ghirelli, C. and Villamizar, L.A. and Pinto, A.C.}, year={2010}, pages={86–94} }
 @article{villamizar_burgese_carvalho_pinto_gioso_2010, title={Uso da radiografia digital na odontologia veterinária}, volume={8}, journal={MEDVEP. Revista Científica de Medicina Veterinária. Pequenos Animais e Animais de Estimação}, author={Villamizar, L.A. and Burgese, L. and Carvalho, V.G.G. and Pinto, A.C. and Gioso, M.A.}, year={2010}, pages={447–452} }
 @article{villamizar_ghirelli_da silva_banon_pinto_2010, title={Uso da tomografia computadorizada em medicina veterinária: fundamentos e indicações clínicas}, volume={XV}, journal={Clínica Veterinária (São Paulo}, author={Villamizar, L.A. and Ghirelli, C. and Da Silva, T.R. and Banon, G.P. and Pinto, A.C.}, year={2010}, pages={60–64} }
 @article{carvalho_ferro_villamizar_2009, title={Como melhorar a analgesia no transoperatório em tratamentos odontológicos de cães e gatos}, volume={XIV}, journal={Clínica Veterinária (São Paulo)}, author={Carvalho, V.G.G. and Ferro, Daniel and Villamizar, L.A.}, year={2009}, pages={54–60} }
 @article{villamizar_frazão_ferreira_costa_gioso_2009, title={Descrição das Técnicas Radiográficas Intraorais Utilizadas em Medicina Veterinária}, volume={27}, journal={Revista do Instituto de Ciências da Saúde (UNIP)}, author={Villamizar, L.A. and Frazão, P.J. and Ferreira, E.T.T. and Costa, C. and Gioso, M.A.}, year={2009}, pages={39–43} }
 @article{martinez_gioso_lobos_pinto_2009, title={Localization of the Mandibular Canal in Brachycephalic Dogs Using Computed Tomography}, volume={26}, ISSN={0898-7564 2470-4083}, url={http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/089875640902600302}, DOI={10.1177/089875640902600302}, abstractNote={For some surgical procedures in veterinary dentistry including exodontia, orthognathic surgery, orthopedic surgery, oncologic surgery, and for the placement of dental implants, it is important to know the accurate location of the neurovascular structures within the mandibular canal. The aim of this research was to determine the course of the mandibular canal in the mandible and its relationship with other anatomical structures in brachycephalic dogs using computerized tomography. Mandibles from 10 brachycephalic cadaver dogs were evaluated. Measurements were taken in relation to the lingual, vestibular, alveolar crest, and ventral surfaces. These measurements indicated that the mandibular canal descends slightly from the mandibular foramen to the molar area, decreasing the distance of the mandibular canal from the mandibular ventral border. The mandibular canal is slightly closer to the lingual surface than the vestibular surface except in the molar tooth region. The mandibular canal continues in a rostral direction occupying the ventral region of the mandibular body, reaching its maximum distance from the alveolar crest at the level of the first molar and fourth premolar teeth. In the third and fourth premolar tooth region, the mandibular canal maintains a similar distance between the vestibular and lingual borders; then, at the level of the second premolar tooth, the distance of the mandibular canal from the lingual and ventral border increases before its termination at the mental foramen. The study reported here documents the feasibility of using CT to determine the location of the mandibular canal in relation to bony and dental parameters. Although the difference in mandible size of the group of brachycephalic dogs reported here resulted in broad ranges of measurements, it is clear that the MC course may vary between individual dogs.}, number={3}, journal={Journal of Veterinary Dentistry}, publisher={SAGE Publications}, author={Martinez, Lenin Arturo Villamizar and Gioso, Marco Antonio and Lobos, Cristian Marcelo Villegas and Pinto, Ana Carolina Brandão de C. Fonseca}, year={2009}, month={Sep}, pages={156–163} }