@article{briley_washington_westermeyer_posner_chiavaccini_2023, title={Comparison of a blind and an ultrasound-guided technique for Retrobulbar anesthesia in dogs undergoing unilateral subconjunctival enucleation}, volume={4}, ISSN={["1463-5224"]}, DOI={10.1111/vop.13092}, abstractNote={This study compared the quality of retrobulbar anesthesia using a blind inferior-temporal palpebral approach (ITP) with an ultrasound-guided supratemporal (ST) technique in dogs undergoing unilateral enucleation.Twenty-one client-owned dogs were undergoing enucleation.Dogs were randomly assigned to receive ITP (n = 10) or ST (n = 11) with 0.5% ropivacaine at 0.1 mL/cm of neurocranial length. The anesthetist was blinded to the technique. Intraoperative data included cardiopulmonary variables, inhalant anesthetics requirement, and requirement for rescue analgesia (intravenous fentanyl 2.5 mcg/kg). Postoperative data included pain scores, sedation scores, and need for intravenous hydromorphone (0.05 mg/kg). Treatments were compared using Wilcoxon's rank sum test or Fisher's exact test as appropriate. Comparison of variables over time were tested using a mixed effect linear model on rank. Significance was set at p = 0.05.Intraoperative cardiopulmonary variables and inhalant requirements were not different between groups. Dogs receiving ITP required median (interquartile range, IQR) 1.25 (0, 2.5) mcg/kg intraoperative fentanyl while those receiving ST required none (p < 0.01). Intraoperative fentanyl was required in 5/10 and 0/11 of dogs in the ITP and ST groups, respectively (p = 0.01). Postoperative analgesia requirements were not significantly different between groups; 2/10 and 1/10 dogs in the ITP and ST groups, respectively. Sedation score negatively affected pain score (p < 0.01).The ultrasound-guided ST technique was more effective at decreasing intraoperative opioid requirements than the blind ITP approach in dogs undergoing unilateral enucleation.}, journal={VETERINARY OPHTHALMOLOGY}, author={Briley, Jessica D. and Washington, Demitrius and Westermeyer, Hans D. and Posner, Lysa P. and Chiavaccini, Ludovica}, year={2023}, month={Apr} }
 @article{briley_keenihan_mathews_chiavaccini_2022, title={<p>Development of an ultrasound-guided transgluteal injection of the pudendal nerve in cats: a cadaveric study</p>}, volume={49}, ISSN={["1467-2995"]}, DOI={10.1016/j.vaa.2021.11.004}, abstractNote={To develop an ultrasound-guided interfascial plane technique for injection of the pudendal nerve near its sacral origin in cats.Prospective, randomized, anatomical study.A group of 12 feline cadavers.Gross and ultrasound anatomy of the ischiorectal fossa, the pudendal nerve relationship with parasacral structures, and the interfascial plane were described. Computed tomography was employed to describe a cranial transgluteal approach to the pudendal nerve. Bilateral ultrasound-guided injections were performed in eight cadavers using low [(LV) 0.1 mL kg-1] or high volume [(HV) 0.2 mL kg-1] of ropivacaine-dye solution. Dissections were performed to determine successful staining of the pudendal nerve (>1 cm) and inadvertent staining of the sciatic nerve, and any rectal, urethral, or intravascular puncture. Pudendal nerve staining in groups LV and HV were compared using Fisher's exact and Wilcoxon rank-sum test as appropriate (p = 0.05).The pudendal nerve and its rectal perineal and sensory branches coursed through the ischiorectal fossa, dorsomedial to the ischiatic spine. The pudendal nerve was not identified ultrasonographically, but the target plane was identified between the sacral transverse process, the ischiatic spine, the pelvic fascia and the rectum, and it was filled with dye solution. Both branches of the pudendal nerve were completely stained 75% and 87.5% in groups LV and HV, respectively (p = 1.00). The dorsal aspect of the sciatic nerve was partially stained in 37% of injections in group HV. Rectal or urethral puncture and intravascular injection were not observed.In cats, ultrasound-guided cranial transgluteal injection successfully stained the pudendal nerve in at least 75% of attempts, regardless of injectate volume. Group HV had a greater probability of sciatic nerve staining.}, number={2}, journal={VETERINARY ANAESTHESIA AND ANALGESIA}, author={Briley, Jessica D. and Keenihan, Erin K. and Mathews, Kyle G. and Chiavaccini, Ludovica}, year={2022}, month={Mar}, pages={189–196} }
 @article{bini_cohen_chiavaccini_messenger_bailey_2022, title={Intravenous dexmedetomidine, morphine, or a combination can result in gallbladder wall thickening; with no significant association with plasma histamine concentrations}, volume={1}, ISSN={["1740-8261"]}, url={https://doi.org/10.1111/vru.13056}, DOI={10.1111/vru.13056}, abstractNote={The gallbladder is routinely evaluated during ultrasonographic examinations in dogs. However, published studies describing the effects of sedative agents on gallbladder wall thickness are currently lacking. The aims of this prospective, blinded, randomized crossover pilot study were to test hypotheses that IV morphine would result in gallbladder wall thickening, that morphine administration would increase plasma histamine concentrations, and that combining IV morphine with dexmedetomidine would potentiate gallbladder wall thickening. Six healthy Beagle dogs were sedated with intravenous (IV) morphine 0.4 mg/kg (group M), dexmedetomidine 7 μg/kg (group D), or a combination of the two (group MD). Physiologic parameters were measured at baseline and at regular intervals until the last ultrasonographic scan. Ultrasonographic scans were performed at baseline, 90 s, and at 5, 15, 30, 45, 60, 90, and 120 min. Plasma histamine samples were taken at baseline, 90 s, and 5 and 60 min. Cochran's Q-test was used to compare gallbladder wall thickening between groups, while the association between histamine plasma concentration and gallbladder wall thickness was compared with a mixed-effects model. Baseline gallbladder wall thickness was not significantly different between groups. Six of 18 treatments/dogs (33%) developed gallbladder thickening, with no difference between groups. There was no significant difference in baseline plasma histamine concentrations between groups, and no association between plasma histamine concentration and gallbladder wall thickness. Gallbladder wall thickening was observed in at least one dog in each group, therefore caution is recommended for gallbladder wall thickness ultrasonographic interpretation in dogs when these drugs have been administered.}, journal={VETERINARY RADIOLOGY & ULTRASOUND}, publisher={Wiley}, author={Bini, Gianluca and Cohen, Eli B. and Chiavaccini, Ludovica and Messenger, Kristen M. and Bailey, Kate M.}, year={2022}, month={Jan} }
 @article{chiavaccini_2022, title={REassessment Campaign On VEterinary Resuscitation: Has the time come for horses?}, volume={34}, ISSN={["2042-3292"]}, DOI={10.1111/eve.13472}, abstractNote={Equine Veterinary EducationEarly View Clinical Commentary REassessment Campaign On VEterinary Resuscitation: Has the time come for horses? L. Chiavaccini, Corresponding Author L. Chiavaccini lchiavac@ncsu.edu orcid.org/0000-0001-5052-7706 Department of Molecular and Biomedical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, North Carolina, USA Corresponding author email: lchiavac@ncsu.eduSearch for more papers by this author L. Chiavaccini, Corresponding Author L. Chiavaccini lchiavac@ncsu.edu orcid.org/0000-0001-5052-7706 Department of Molecular and Biomedical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, North Carolina, USA Corresponding author email: lchiavac@ncsu.eduSearch for more papers by this author First published: 05 March 2021 https://doi.org/10.1111/eve.13472Read the full textAboutPDF ToolsExport citationAdd to favoritesTrack citation ShareShare Give accessShare full text accessShare full-text accessPlease review our Terms and Conditions of Use and check box below to share full-text version of article.I have read and accept the Wiley Online Library Terms and Conditions of UseShareable LinkUse the link below to share a full-text version of this article with your friends and colleagues. Learn more.Copy URL Share a linkShare onFacebookTwitterLinked InRedditWechat No abstract is available for this article. Early ViewOnline Version of Record before inclusion in an issue RelatedInformation}, number={3}, journal={EQUINE VETERINARY EDUCATION}, author={Chiavaccini, L.}, year={2022}, month={Mar}, pages={117–119} }
 @article{greco_costanza_senatore_bruzzese_micieli_chiavaccini_di giancamillo_della valle_vesce_brunetti_et al._2021, title={A computed tomography-based method for the assessment of canine retrobulbar cone volume for ophthalmic anaesthesia}, volume={48}, ISSN={["1467-2995"]}, DOI={10.1016/j.vaa.2021.03.015}, abstractNote={<h2>Abstract</h2><h3>Objective</h3> To develop a comprehensive formula for calculating the volume of local anaesthetic solution used for retrobulbar anaesthesia in dogs with different skull morphologies. <h3>Study design</h3> Retrospective cohort imaging study. <h3>Animals</h3> Skull computed tomography (CT) images of 188 dogs of different breeds collected between January 2009 and December 2017. <h3>Methods</h3> Anatomical integrity of the orbit and adjacent structures, presenting complaint, clinical signs and CT findings were verified to exclude ocular abnormalities. The volume of the retrobulbar cone of 376 eyes was calculated using CT scans of the dogs' skulls. Additional data recorded included morphology of the skull, body weight, sex and size of the dogs, all of which were matched for possible association to the retrobulbar cone volume through univariable and multivariable linear regression models. Results of linear regression models were expressed as estimated beta coefficients with the corresponding 95% confidence intervals (95% CIs). <h3>Results</h3> Using univariate analysis, the retrobulbar cone volume was positively associated with weight and male sex. In addition, brachycephalic and dolichocephalic dogs showed a larger retrobulbar cone volume than mesocephalic dogs, while sex was no longer significantly associated with the retrobulbar cone volume. In multivariate analysis, when considering all variables in the model, weight emerged as the strongest predictor (beta coefficient: 0.062 mL kg<sup>–1</sup>, 95% CI: 0.056–0.067 mL kg<sup>–1</sup>, <i>p</i> < 0.001). <h3>Conclusions</h3> <b>and clinical relevance</b> In the veterinary literature, there is no agreement on the precise volume of local anaesthetic solution that should be used to achieve intraconal retrobulbar anaesthesia in dogs. Here we suggest a formula to calculate the retrobulbar cone volume and, accordingly, the injection volume of local anaesthetic solution for effective retrobulbar anaesthesia.}, number={5}, journal={VETERINARY ANAESTHESIA AND ANALGESIA}, author={Greco, Adelaide and Costanza, Dario and Senatore, Andrea and Bruzzese, Dario and Micieli, Fabiana and Chiavaccini, Ludovica and Di Giancamillo, Mauro and Della Valle, Giovanni and Vesce, Giancarlo and Brunetti, Arturo and et al.}, year={2021}, month={Sep}, pages={759–766} }
 @article{micieli_chiavaccini_mennonna_della valle_prisco_meomartino_vesce_2021, title={An ultrasound-guided subparaneural approach to the sciatic nerve in the dog: a cadaver study}, volume={48}, ISSN={["1467-2995"]}, DOI={10.1016/j.vaa.2020.06.008}, abstractNote={<h2>Abstract</h2><h3>Objective</h3> To describe the gross and microscopic anatomy of the sciatic nerve paraneural sheath and to report an ultrasound (US)-guided subparaneural approach to the sciatic nerve in dogs, comparing two different volumes of injectate. <h3>Study design</h3> Prospective, randomized, anatomical study. <h3>Animals</h3> A group of nine middle-sized adult Mongrel canine cadavers (18 limbs). <h3>Methods</h3> The sciatic nerves of three pelvic limbs of two canine cadavers were identified, exposed and isolated between the greater trochanter and the popliteal fossa for gross anatomical and microscopic examination. An additional three pelvic limbs were surgically dissected on the lateral surface of the limb; the sciatic nerves were isolated, and a 26 gauge over-the-needle catheter was inserted through the paraneural sheath under direct visualization. A methylene blue solution was then slowly injected into the subparaneural compartment through the catheter under US visualization using an 8–13 MHz linear-array transducer. Subsequently, 12 pelvic limbs (six cadavers) were randomly allocated to one of two groups; using US-guided percutaneous subparaneural approach, either 0.1 or 0.05 mL kg<sup>–1</sup>of a 1:1 solution of methylene blue and 0.5% bupivacaine was injected. The spread of the dye solution and the amount of nerve staining were macroscopically scored. The stained sciatic nerves with their sheaths were then harvested for microscopic examination. <h3>Results</h3> The paraneural sciatic nerve sheath was easily identified distinct from the nerve trunk both macroscopically and with US visualization, and microscopically. Complete staining was achieved in five of six (83.3%) sciatic nerves in each group; no difference was found in the amount of staining between the two groups. Microscopically, no signs of sciatic nerve intraneural injection were observed. <h3>Conclusions and clinical relevance</h3> The US-guided subparaneural injection of 0.05 mL kg<sup>–1</sup> of a dye injectate resulted in satisfactory nerve staining without evidence of sciatic nerve intraneural injection.}, number={1}, journal={VETERINARY ANAESTHESIA AND ANALGESIA}, author={Micieli, Fabiana and Chiavaccini, Ludovica and Mennonna, Giuseppina and Della Valle, Giovanni and Prisco, Francesco and Meomartino, Leonardo and Vesce, Giancarlo}, year={2021}, month={Jan}, pages={107–115} }
 @article{hovda_love_chiavaccini_2021, title={Risk factors associated with hypoxaemia in horses undergoing general anaesthesia: A retrospective study}, ISSN={["2042-3306"]}, DOI={10.1111/evj.13541}, abstractNote={Hypoxaemia is a common concern during equine general anaesthesia. The prevalence and predictors of hypoxaemia in horses undergoing elective anaesthesia in particular are poorly documented.To determine and compare the prevalence of hypoxaemia (defined as PaO2 ≤ 80 mm Hg, on the lowest value recorded) in horses undergoing anaesthesia for exploratory laparotomy and elective procedures, and to identify risk factors in both subpopulations.Retrospective cohort study.Data were collected from 774 records of 708 horses undergoing general anaesthesia between April 2017 and August 2020. Potential predictors of hypoxaemia in horses undergoing anaesthesia for exploratory laparotomy or elective procedures were investigated separately by univariable penalised maximum likelihood logistic regression, followed by multivariable analysis. The lowest recorded PaO2 was used as a single data point for the determination of hypoxaemia and arterial oxygen partial pressure to fractional inspired oxygen ratio analysis.Hypoxaemia was recorded in 23% horses undergoing exploratory laparotomy compared with 3.8% horses undergoing elective anaesthesia (P < .001). Multivariable analysis showed that weight above 550 kg, large intestinal lesions, and peak inspiratory pressure (PIP) above 30 cmH2 O were significantly associated with hypoxaemia in horses undergoing exploratory laparotomy. Soft tissue procedures and PIP >30 cmH2 O were significantly associated with hypoxaemia during elective anaesthesia.This study only considered the minimum PaO2 recorded during anaesthesia. Duration and treatment of hypoxaemia were not considered.Based on the lowest PaO2 value during anaesthesia, in our population, horses undergoing anaesthesia for exploratory laparotomy were over six times more likely to become hypoxaemic than horses undergoing elective procedures. Bodyweight, type of procedure, and high PIP were predictors of hypoxaemia.}, journal={EQUINE VETERINARY JOURNAL}, author={Hovda, Tyne and Love, Lydia and Chiavaccini, Ludovica}, year={2021}, month={Dec} }
 @article{gupta_chiavaccini_minnema_chiu_knazovicky_hash_mishra_lascelles_2021, title={Serum artemin is not correlated with sensitivity within dogs with naturally occurring osteoarthritis pain}, volume={11}, ISSN={["2045-2322"]}, url={https://europepmc.org/articles/PMC7988108}, DOI={10.1038/s41598-021-85976-y}, abstractNote={Osteoarthritis (OA) pain is associated with peripheral and central sensitization in humans and results in widespread increased sensitivity across the body. Sensitization contributes to the OA-associated pain (OAP) state. We recently identified increased levels of an endogenous neurotrophic factor, artemin (ARTN), in dogs with OAP compared to healthy pain-free controls. Circulating ARTN released from damaged tissues in OA, may play a central role in widespread sensitivity and pain. However, the relationship between ARTN and somatosensory sensitivity remains unknown. The study aimed to assess the relationship between serum ARTN concentrations and measures of sensitivity in dogs with OAP using quantitative sensory testing. We hypothesized that there would be a positive association between circulating ARTN and increased sensitivity to mechanical and thermal stimuli in dogs with OAP. We used linear and logistic regression models to assess the relationship between ARTN, sensitization, and pain within a cohort of 43 dogs with spontaneous OAP. Serum ARTN was not associated with the degree of sensitization within dogs with OAP. Further, across dogs with varying OAP severity, we did not find any association between ARTN, and clinical measures of joint pain and disability. Although a relationship between ARTN and joint pain was not ruled out.}, number={1}, journal={SCIENTIFIC REPORTS}, author={Gupta, Ankita and Chiavaccini, Ludovica and Minnema, Laura M. and Chiu, King Wa and Knazovicky, David and Hash, Jonathan A. and Mishra, Santosh K. and Lascelles, B. Duncan X.}, year={2021}, month={Mar} }
 @misc{chiavaccini_schachar_early_bailey_2021, title={Ultrasound-guided perineural injections for the medical management of thoracic limb root signature in a dog}, volume={48}, ISSN={["1467-2995"]}, DOI={10.1016/j.vaa.2021.03.003}, number={3}, journal={VETERINARY ANAESTHESIA AND ANALGESIA}, author={Chiavaccini, Ludovica and Schachar, Jordan and Early, Peter J. and Bailey, Kate M.}, year={2021}, month={May}, pages={480–482} }
 @article{floriano_sahagian_chiavaccini_2019, title={Impact of epidural bupivacaine on perioperative opioid requirements, recovery characteristics, and duration of hospitalization in dogs undergoing cystotomy: A retrospective study of 56 cases}, volume={48}, ISSN={["1532-950X"]}, DOI={10.1111/vsu.13290}, abstractNote={To compare perioperative opioid consumption and duration of hospitalization (DOH) in anesthetized dogs receiving opioid-based analgesia (OBA) vs those receiving bupivacaine epidural-based analgesia (EPID) during cystotomy.Retrospective cross-sectional study.Fifty-six client-owned dogs undergoing cystotomy.Clinical records of dogs undergoing cystotomy between January 2015 and December 2017 were reviewed. Demographic data, duration of anesthesia and surgery, anesthetic management, perioperative opioid consumption expressed in morphine equivalents (ME), perioperative use of adjuvant analgesics, time to first micturition, time to eat, time to ambulate, and DOH were recorded. Opioid consumption and DOH were compared with a Wilcoxon rank-sum test, followed by linear regression analysis as appropriate. Time to first micturition, time to eat, and time to walk unassisted were modeled with Cox-proportional hazard models.Dogs treated with EPID during surgery required 1.5 mg/kg ME less compared with those treated with OBA (P = .04) during surgery. Three of 19 dogs treated with EPID vs 15 of 37 dogs receiving OBA required intraoperative adjuvant analgesics (P = .06). Dogs treated with EPID regained motor function slower than dogs treated with OBA (P = .01); however, there was no difference in time to urinate, time to eat, or DOH between treatments.Perioperative lumbosacral epidural with bupivacaine reduced intraoperative opioid consumption in dogs anesthetized for cystotomy.The use of epidural bupivacaine in dogs undergoing cystotomy may reduce intraoperative opioid requirements without affecting return of bladder function or DOH.}, number={7}, journal={VETERINARY SURGERY}, author={Floriano, Dario and Sahagian, Michael J. and Chiavaccini, Ludovica}, year={2019}, month={Oct}, pages={1330–1337} }