@article{anderson_holt_heugten_poole_2020, title={Changes in growth performance, feeding behaviors, and posture behaviors of growing pigs subjected to low-intensity heat stress}, volume={98}, ISSN={["1525-3163"]}, DOI={10.1093/jas/skaa278.006}, abstractNote={Abstract
               This study was to determine the impact of low-intensity heat stress on frequency and duration of feeding, drinking, ventral lying, and lying lateral lying behaviors. Pigs (n = 64; 24.6 ± 3.7 kg BW) were housed four per pen in thermoneutral conditions (CON; 23.9 °C ± 2.5 °C) or constant high ambient temperatures (HS; 28.7 °C ± 1.3 °C) for 16 d, followed by thermoneutral conditions (24.4 °C ± 1.8 °C) for both groups through d 21, and subsequent heat stress (28.0 °C ± 3.0 °C) for both groups through d 30. Eight focal pigs (2 pens/treatment) were video-recorded on d 3, 6, 10, 13, 20, and 29 at three time periods (morning: 0600-0800, afternoon: 1200–1400, evening: 1800–2000). Heat stress reduced ADG (HS: 1.00 kg/d, CON: 1.13 kg/d; P = 0.020) from d 14 through d 21, tended to reduce ADFI (HS: 2.14 kg/d, CON: 2.24 kg/d; P = 0.085), and increased GF (HS: 0.62, CON: 0.52; P = 0.006) from d 1 through d 7. Surface body temperature from d 2 through d 15 was greater in HS than CON pigs (mean: 39.4 °C, 37.6 °C, respectively), and was lower on d 18 for HS than CON pigs (36.4 °C vs. 37.8 °C, respectively) and d 22 (38.6 °C vs 39.3 °C, respectively). A treatment x day x time interaction for feeding duration (P = 0.003) showed CON pigs spent longer at the feeder in the morning of d 6 than HS (22.70 min, 8.97 min, respectively), but CON spent less time than HS during d 6 evening (8.78 min, 19.57 min, respectively). HS pigs visited the feeder more frequently in the evening (14.4 bouts) than CON pigs (7.8 bouts; P = 0.029). Low-intensity heat stress negatively impacted performance and altered time of feeding duration and frequency, indicating feeding behavior may be a useful heat stress predictor.}, journal={JOURNAL OF ANIMAL SCIENCE}, author={Anderson, Lauren E. and Holt, Jonathan P. and Heugten, Eric and Poole, Daniel H.}, year={2020}, month={Nov}, pages={3–3} }
 @article{anderson_holt_heugten_poole_2020, title={Changes in serum cortisol concentrations and cytokine profiles of growing pigs subjected to low-intensity heat stress}, volume={98}, ISSN={["1525-3163"]}, DOI={10.1093/jas/skaa278.480}, abstractNote={Abstract
               This study was to determine the impact of low-intensity heat stress on inflammatory biomarkers in serum, ileum, jejunum and lung lavage samples. Pigs (n = 64; 24.6 ± 3.7 kg BW) were housed four per pen in thermoneutral conditions (CON; 23.9°C ± 2.5°C) or constant high ambient temperatures (HS; 28.7°C ± 1.3°C) for 16 d, followed by thermoneutral conditions (24.4°C ± 1.8°C) for both groups through d 21, and subsequent heat stress (28.0°C ± 3.0°C) for both groups through d 30. Respiration rate (P < 0.01) was greater in HS than CON pigs from d 2 through d 15 (mean: 82.54 breaths/min vs. 59.26 breaths/min). HS pigs had greater cortisol concentration (40.1 ng/mL vs. 27.3 ng/mL) than CON on d 2, but lower concentrations on d 22 (32.9 ng/mL vs. 48.9 ng/mL) and d 25 (25.4 ng/mL vs. 42.0 ng/mL; treatment x day: P < 0.001). HS pigs tended to have greater serum IL1β (190.1 vs. 143.4 pg/mL; P = 0.06) and greater serum IL12 concentrations (914.9 vs. 785.4 pg/mL; P < 0.01) than CON pigs. HS pigs tended to have greater ileal mucosa IL6 concentrations than CON pigs (50.4 vs. 30.9 pg/mL; P = 0.08). Jejunal mucosa IL1α concentrations tended (P = 0.10) to be greater for CON than HS pigs (13.5 vs. 9.0 pg/mL) and CON pigs had greater jejunal IL12 concentrations (18.1 vs. 11.8 pg/mL) than HS pigs (P = 0.02). Bronchioalveolar lavage from HS pigs tended (P = 0.10) to have a greater granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor concentration (6.9 vs. 5.3 pg/mL) than CON pigs and had greater IL4 (7.7 vs. 4.2 pg/mL) and IL12 concentrations (34.8 vs. 24.5 pg/mL) than CON pigs (P = 0.01). Increased inflammatory activity and endocrine stress response occurred during low-intensity heat stress, indicating it may be more detrimental than previously accepted.}, journal={JOURNAL OF ANIMAL SCIENCE}, author={Anderson, Lauren E. and Holt, Jonathan P. and Heugten, Eric and Poole, Daniel H.}, year={2020}, month={Nov}, pages={266–266} }
 @article{clark_anderson_holt_dittoe_ricke_2020, title={Characterizing sow microbiome and drinking water quality at different production locations}, volume={98}, ISSN={["1525-3163"]}, DOI={10.1093/jas/skaa278.526}, abstractNote={Abstract
               This study was conducted to identify connections between drinking water quality and the oral, nasal, vaginal, and rectal microbiota of sows at two locations (n = 40, 20/location): North Carolina State Swine Education Unit (SEU) and Tidewater Research Facility (TW). Water samples were taken from each location and analyzed for potable water parameters. DNA from the sow and replicate water samples were extracted via column chromatography, were sent to the University of Arkansas for 16S rRNA sequencing (Illumina MiSeq platform), and microbiota data were filtered and aligned using the QIIME2 2020.2 pipeline. Data were considered significant at P ≤ 0.05 for main effects and Q ≤ 0.05 for pairwise differences. Microbial alpha diversity for TW was significantly greater than SEU for oral samples and rectal samples (Shannon, Pielou’s evenness, richness indices). Alpha diversity for TW was significantly greater than SEU for vaginal samples (Shannon, richness, Faith’s PD indices). There were no significant differences in alpha diversity indices between TW and SEU water. There were significant differences between locations for all beta diversity metrics (PERMANOVA P < 0.05, Q < 0.05), possibly due to dispersion within treatments (PERMDISP P < 0.05, Q < 0.05). TW water had greater proportional compositional differences (ANCOM) at class level than SEU water for Campylobacteria (median: 1941 vs. 244) and Anaerolineae (median: 343 vs. 152), and TW water had lower Micrarchaeia abundance than SEU water (median: 57 and 677, respectively). TW water samples had greater Na (133.9 ppm), Cl (112.6 ppm), and hardness (188.4 ppm CaCO3) compared to SEU water samples (Na: 7.0 ppm, Cl: 5.3 ppm, hardness: 46.9 ppm CaCO3; P < 0.001). These water parameters did not exceed quality standards. Oral, nasal, rectal and vaginal microbiomes were distinctly different in sows from different locations. Therefore, drinking water and location may influence the sow microbiome.}, journal={JOURNAL OF ANIMAL SCIENCE}, author={Clark, Katelyn M. and Anderson, Lauren E. and Holt, Jonathan P. and Dittoe, Dana and Ricke, Steven C.}, year={2020}, month={Nov}, pages={292–292} }