@article{arauz_neufeld_lloyd_ojiambo_2010, title={Quantitative Models for Germination and Infection of Pseudoperonospora cubensis in Response to Temperature and Duration of Leaf Wetness}, volume={100}, ISSN={["1943-7684"]}, url={http://europepmc.org/abstract/AGR/IND44416978}, DOI={10.1094/phyto-100-9-0959}, abstractNote={ The influence of temperature and leaf wetness duration on germination of sporangia and infection of cantaloupe leaves by Pseudoperonospora cubensis was examined in three independent controlled-environment experiments by inoculating plants with a spore suspension and exposing them to a range of leaf wetness durations (2 to 24 h) at six fixed temperatures (5 to 30°C). Germination of sporangia was assessed at the end of each wetness period and infection was evaluated from assessments of disease severity 5 days after inoculation. Three response surface models based on modified forms of the Weibull function were evaluated for their ability to describe germination of sporangia and infection in response to temperature and leaf wetness duration. The models estimated 15.7 to 17.3 and 19.5 to 21.7°C as the optimum temperature (t) range for germination and infection, respectively, with little germination or infection at 5 or 30°C. For wetness periods of 4 to 8 h, a distinct optimum for infection was observed at t = 20°C but broader optimum curves resulted from wetness periods >8 h. Model 1 of the form f(w,t) = f(t) × (1 – exp{–[B × w]D}) resulted in smaller asymptotic standard errors and yielded higher correlations between observed and predicted germination and infection data than either model 2 of the form f(w,t) = A(1 – exp{– [f(t) × (w – C)]D}) or model 3 of the form f(w,t) = [1 – exp{–(B × w)2}]/cosh[(t – F)G/2]. Models 1 and 2 had nonsignificant lack-of-fit test statistics for both germination and infection data, whereas a lack-of-fit test was significant for model 3. The models accounted for ≈87% (model 3) to 98% (model 1) of the total variation in the germination and infection data. In the validation of the models using data generated with a different isolate of P. cubensis, slopes of the regression line between observed and predicted germination and infection data were not significantly different (P > 0.2487) and correlation coefficients between observed and predicted values were high (r2 > 0.81). Models 1 and 2 were used to construct risk threshold charts that can be used to estimate the potential risk for infection based on observed or forecasted temperature and leaf wetness duration. }, number={9}, journal={PHYTOPATHOLOGY}, author={Arauz, L. F. and Neufeld, K. N. and Lloyd, A. L. and Ojiambo, P. S.}, year={2010}, month={Sep}, pages={959–967} }
 @article{arauz_sutton_1990, title={EFFECT OF INTERRUPTED WETNESS PERIODS ON SPORE GERMINATION AND APPLE INFECTION BY BOTRYOSPHAERIA-OBTUSA}, volume={80}, ISSN={["0031-949X"]}, DOI={10.1094/Phyto-80-1218}, abstractNote={Conidia of Botryosphaeria obtusa were allowed to germinate in water for 4 hr at 24 C, were air-dried, and were rewetted following dry periods ranging from 0 to 8 hr. No increase in germ tube length was observed 4 hr after rewetting in any treatment. Mean germ tube length was similar (approximately 126 μm) for all drying treatments. Mean germ tube length was 532 μm when conidia were allowed to germinate in water for 8 hr without interruption. Apple seedlings were inoculated with conidia of B. obtusa in aqueous suspension and were exposed to 24-hr wetness periods, which were interrupted after 12 hr for 1, 2, 3, and 4 hr (...)}, number={11}, journal={PHYTOPATHOLOGY}, author={ARAUZ, LF and SUTTON, TB}, year={1990}, month={Nov}, pages={1218–1220} }
 @article{arauz_sutton_1990, title={PROTECTANT AND AFTER-INFECTION ACTIVITY OF FUNGICIDES AGAINST BOTRYOSPHAERIA-OBTUSA ON APPLE}, volume={74}, ISSN={["0191-2917"]}, DOI={10.1094/PD-74-1029}, abstractNote={Reduction of radial growth of Botryosphaeria obtusa on fungicide-amended potato-dextrose agar medium was determined. EC 50 values (μg/ml) were as follows; benomyl, 0.032; bitertanol, 0.043; flusilazole, 0.045; mancozeb, 10.26; myclobutanil, 0.426; penconazole, 0.132; and tebuconazole, 0.036. Six of the fungicides were tested for their protectant and eradicant activity against B. obtusa. When apple (Malus domestica) seedlings were inoculated 7 days after fungicide application, mean disease severities (lesions per 100 cm 2 ) were as follows: benomyl, 4.6; bitertanol, 4.6; flusilazole, 20.7; mancozeb, 0.4; penconazole, 11.6; tebuconazole, 0.9; and control (no fungicide), 101.0 (...)}, number={12}, journal={PLANT DISEASE}, author={ARAUZ, LF and SUTTON, TB}, year={1990}, month={Dec}, pages={1029–1034} }
 @article{arauz_sutton_pope_1990, title={SIMULTANEOUS USE OF INFECTION CRITERIA FOR 3 APPLE DISEASES FOR TIMING OF FUNGICIDE SPRAYS}, volume={80}, ISSN={["0031-949X"]}, DOI={10.1094/Phyto-80-1212}, abstractNote={The feasibility of using criteria for infection by Botryosphaeria obtusa, Venturia inaequalis, and Gymnosporangium juniperi-virginianae on foliage of apple (Malus × domestica) in a combined weather-based forecasting system for frogeye leafspot, apple scab, and cedar-apple rust was evaluated through computer simulation and in a field study. Ten sets of historical weather data from two locations in North Carolina were analyzed. Using a 7-day minimum waiting period between eradicant sprays, eight to 15 fungicide applications per season were required (...)}, number={11}, journal={PHYTOPATHOLOGY}, author={ARAUZ, LF and SUTTON, TB and POPE, LR}, year={1990}, month={Nov}, pages={1212–1218} }