@article{steeves_gillespie_dewitt_barr_cox_hudson_haynes-maslow_trude_gustafson_2024, title={Barriers and Facilitators to Online Grocery Shopping Among Supplemental Nutrition Assistance Program (SNAP) Participants: A Mixed Method Study}, url={https://doi.org/10.1080/03670244.2024.2392557}, DOI={10.1080/03670244.2024.2392557}, abstractNote={This mixed methods study explored online grocery shopping perceptions by surveying individuals who do and do not receive SNAP benefits (n = 129) and by conducting interviews with SNAP recipients (n = 26) who have grocery shopped online. T-tests assessed survey findings, codebook thematic analysis was used to identify qualitative themes, and results were interpreted collectively. Survey results found no differences in perceptions of online grocery shopping between SNAP and non-SNAP recipients (p-values = 0.2-1.0) and that 97% of SNAP recipients felt comfortable using SNAP online. Five qualitative themes were identified and provided context to the survey results. The study findings can inform policy actions within SNAP.}, journal={Ecology of Food and Nutrition}, author={Steeves, Elizabeth Anderson and Gillespie, Rachel and DeWitt, Emily and Barr, Makenzie and Cox, Brittany and Hudson, Travis and Haynes-Maslow, Lindsey and Trude, Angela C. B. and Gustafson, Alison}, year={2024}, month={Sep} }
 @article{busse_poppe_wu_pitts_haynes-maslow_ammerman_guerra_plakias_hanks_garrity_et al._2024, title={Household Food Sourcing Patterns and Their Associations With Food Insecurity in Appalachian Ohio}, url={https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jand.2024.07.162}, DOI={10.1016/j.jand.2024.07.162}, abstractNote={Households experiencing food insecurity may use dynamic strategies to meet food needs. Yet, the relationship between household food sourcing behaviors and food security, particularly in rural settings, is understudied.}, journal={Journal of the Academy of Nutrition and Dietetics}, author={Busse, Kyle R. and Poppe, Kathryn I. and Wu, Qiang and Pitts, Stephanie B. Jilcott and Haynes-Maslow, Lindsey and Ammerman, Alice S. and Guerra, Kathleen Krzyzanowski and Plakias, Zoë and Hanks, Andrew S. and Garrity, Katharine and et al.}, year={2024}, month={Jul} }
 @article{fleischhacker_colón-ramos_haynes-maslow_clay_2024, title={Position of the Society for Nutrition Education and Behavior: The Importance of Emergency-Related Food and Nutrition Education Before, During, and After a Disaster}, url={https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jneb.2024.04.008}, DOI={10.1016/j.jneb.2024.04.008}, abstractNote={It is the position of the Society for Nutrition Education and Behavior that for effective recovery from and resilience to disasters, it is essential that impacted individuals and communities have access to safe, nutritious, and culturally and contextually appropriate foods and beverages, and receive emergency-related food and nutrition education before, during, and after a disaster. Despite the increasing number, duration, and intensity of disasters worldwide, there is relatively limited guidance for research, policy, and practice about addressing the emergency-related food and nutrition needs of affected populations. Although nutrition emergencies tend to be understudied, emerging efforts are working to advance food and nutrition security during disaster response and recovery. To help elevate the importance of emergency-related food and nutrition education before, during, and after a disaster, Society for Nutrition Education and Behavior, which represents the unique professional interests of nutrition educators worldwide, summarizes the relevant literature and puts forth recommendations for all those who are engaged in this work in the following 4 key areas: (1) improving communication and outreach, (2) fostering community engagement and locally-driven preparedness, (3) building the evidence base and translating the evidence into action, and (4) training current professionals and the next generation of public health leaders. Altogether, before, during, and after a disaster, those who engage in this work, among other allies, can help elevate the importance of nutrition education and other strategies to promote healthy eating behaviors through research, policy, and practice.}, journal={Journal of Nutrition Education and Behavior}, author={Fleischhacker, Sheila and Colón-Ramos, Uriyoán and Haynes-Maslow, Lindsey and Clay, Lauren}, year={2024}, month={Jul} }
 @article{leone_kasprzak_lally_haynes-maslow_vermont_horrigan-maurer_tumiel-berhalter_ammerman_raja_2023, title={A Novel Process to Recruit and Select Community Partners for a Hybrid Implementation-Effectiveness Study}, volume={17}, ISSN={["1557-055X"]}, DOI={10.1353/cpr.2023.0021}, abstractNote={Abstract:Background: Creating strong partnerships with community organizations is essential to test implementation of evidence-based interventions. However, partners are often chosen based on convenience rather than capacity or diversity. Streamlined processes are needed to identify qualified, diverse, and invested partners to conduct community-based research.Objectives: There is a gap in the literature on effective and efficient processes for recruiting partners. This paper aims to fill that gap by describing a novel approach for identifying a diverse group of community organizations to participate in research.Methods: We used a Request for Partners (RFP) approach to recruit partners to participate in a hybrid implementation-effectiveness study of the Veggie Van mobile market model. The process included formative work to inform RFP development, creation of an external advisory committee, an intent-to-apply round, a full application round, and an inperson training and selection process. Data was collected to characterize applicant size, location, and experience; pre-post surveys were conducted to understand the training's utility.Results: We received 59 intent-to-apply submissions and invited 28 organizations to apply: 17 submitted applications and 12 organizations were chosen as finalists. The process took approximately 8 months to recruit 9 organizations and 32 community sites across 5 states and increased understanding of the intervention and partner responsibilities.Conclusions: An RFP process is familiar to many community organizations that compete for grant funding but may not have prior research experience. This process streamlined recruitment timelines, increased diversity, and cultivated community among organizations. It may also improve research transparency, study completion, and intervention fidelity.}, number={1}, journal={PROGRESS IN COMMUNITY HEALTH PARTNERSHIPS-RESEARCH EDUCATION AND ACTION}, author={Leone, Lucia A. and Kasprzak, Christina and Lally, Anne and Haynes-Maslow, Lindsey and Vermont, Leah N. and Horrigan-Maurer, Caroline and Tumiel-Berhalter, Laurene and Ammerman, Alice and Raja, Samina}, year={2023}, pages={159–171} }
 @article{norris_pitts_reis_haynes-maslow_2023, title={A Systematic Literature Review of Nutrition Interventions Implemented to Address Food Insecurity as a Social Determinant of Health}, url={https://doi.org/10.3390/nu15153464}, DOI={10.3390/nu15153464}, abstractNote={Background: Policy initiatives have provided funding for non-acute nutrition interventions to address food insecurity as a social determinant of health, but more research is needed to understand the outcomes of these initiatives in order to determine the areas of highest impact. Therefore, the purpose of this systematic review was to evaluate the outcomes that were assessed in three nutrition interventions (produce prescription programs, medically tailored meals, and community supported agriculture) that aim to address food insecurity as a social determinant of health, and this was undertaken in order to identify future areas of study that can heighten impact. Methods: This systematic review was performed in accordance with the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analysis (PRISMA) criteria. A list of search terms and keywords were compiled by the research team. A Boolean search was conducted from 1 January 2000 to 1 January 2023 in the PubMed advanced search database. Results: A total of 1015 articles were initially pulled from the PubMed database, and, after a screening process, 21 articles were included in our review. Nineteen of the articles focused on adult populations or families and two focused on children. The main outcomes assessed were changes in self-reported dietary intake, while a few of the articles addressed feasibility and cost-related outcomes. Conclusions: More research is needed to assess whether nutritional interventions to address food insecurity as a social determinant of health are feasible and more cost effective in the long term. Additionally, more work should be conducted in pediatric populations, which could have a robust return on investment in terms of both healthcare utilization and healthcare expenditure.}, journal={Nutrients}, author={Norris, Kennedy and Pitts, Stephanie Jilcott and Reis, Heidi and Haynes-Maslow, Lindsey}, year={2023}, month={Aug} }
 @article{dixon_stage_truesdale_wu_kolasa_haynes-maslow_mcguirt_jilcott pitts_2023, title={Associations between food and beverage purchases and skin carotenoids among diverse small food retail store customers}, volume={8}, ISSN={["1475-2727"]}, url={https://doi.org/10.1017/S1368980023001581}, DOI={10.1017/S1368980023001581}, abstractNote={AbstractObjective:To determine if customer purchases at small food stores are associated with healthfulness of the diet as approximated by skin carotenoids.Design:This is a cross-sectional survey of customers in small food stores regarding demographics and food purchases. Food and beverage purchases were classified as ‘healthy’ or ‘non-healthy’ and ‘carotenoid’ v. ‘non-carotenoid’ using a systematic classification scheme. Fruit and vegetable intake was objectively assessed using a non-invasive device to measure skin carotenoids. Associations between variables of interest were examined using Pearson’s correlation coefficients, t tests and multiple linear regression analyses.Setting:Twenty-two small food retail stores in rural (n 7 stores) and urban (n 15) areas of North Carolina.Participants:Customers of small food storesResults:Of study participants (n 1086), 55·1 % were male, 60·0 % were African American/Black and 4·2 % were Hispanic, with a mean age of 43·5 years. Overall, 36 % purchased at least one healthy item, and 7·6 % of participants purchased a carotenoid-containing food/beverage. Healthy foods and beverages purchased included produce, lean meats, 100 % juices, plain popcorn, plain nuts, milk and yogurt. Unhealthy items included non-100 % juices, crackers, chips, candy, cakes and donuts. Purchase of a healthy or carotenoid-containing item was positively associated with skin carotenoid scores (P = 0·002 and 0·006, respectively).Conclusions:A relatively small proportion of customers purchased any healthy or carotenoid-containing foods and beverages, and those who did purchase healthy options had higher skin carotenoid scores. Future research should confirm these findings in different populations.}, journal={PUBLIC HEALTH NUTRITION}, author={Dixon, Jocelyn and Stage, Virginia C. and Truesdale, Kimberly P. and Wu, Qiang and Kolasa, Kathryn and Haynes-Maslow, Lindsey and Mcguirt, Jared T. and Jilcott Pitts, Stephanie}, year={2023}, month={Aug} }
 @article{houghtaling_haynes-maslow_andress_hardison-moody_grocke-dewey_holston_patton-lopez_pradhananga_prewitt_shanks_et al._2023, title={Food insecurity among households with children during the early months of the COVID-19 pandemic}, volume={12}, ISSN={["2152-0801"]}, url={https://doi.org/10.5304/jafscd.2023.123.015}, DOI={10.5304/jafscd.2023.123.015}, abstractNote={Understanding impacts of the COVID-19 pan­demic among households with children is neces­sary to design appropriate public health responses that protect food and nutrition security. The objec­tive of this research was to understand predictors of food insecurity during the COVID-19 pandemic among households with at least one child (<18 years), including whether foods reported as out-of-stock were associated with the likelihood of food insecurity. An online survey using validated measures and open-ended questions was distrib­uted to a convenience sample in five states—Louisiana, Montana, North Carolina, Oregon, and West Virginia—during the early months of the COVID-19 pandemic (April through September of 2020). Predictors of food insecurity (race/ethnicity, age, marital status, education, federal nutrition assistance program participation, number of adults and children in the household, rurality, and missing foods when shopping) among households with children during the COVID-19 pandemic were modeled using logistic regression (p < 0.05, a priori). To further illuminate household experiences during this time, two researchers independently coded open-ended survey question data using inductive and deductive approaches to construct themes. Households with children had increased odds of experiencing food insecurity during the COVID-19 pandemic if they had the following characteristics: Hispanic ethnicity; age between 25 and 44 years; additional adult household members; economic hardship; SNAP/WIC participation; being widowed, divorced, or separated; and report­ing foods not available when shopping. Partici­pants described mainly negative changes to dietary patterns and practices as a result of the COVID-19 pandemic. They also described food security chal­lenges and ideas for improving food security. Con­sistent with other data collected and analyzed dur­ing the height of the COVID-19 pandemic, this study contributes findings that emphasize the need for enhanced public health responses and emer­gency preparedness measures that protect food and nutrition security. Because of the increased short- and long-term consequences including exposure to adverse circumstances, impaired learning, risks to mental health, and poor health outcomes, ensuring an adequate food supply is especially important for households with children.}, number={3}, journal={JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURE FOOD SYSTEMS AND COMMUNITY DEVELOPMENT}, author={Houghtaling, Bailey and Haynes-Maslow, Lindsey and Andress, Lauri and Hardison-Moody, Annie and Grocke-Dewey, Michelle and Holston, Denise and Patton-Lopez, Megan M. and Pradhananga, Nila and Prewitt, T. Elaine and Shanks, Justin D. and et al.}, year={2023}, pages={225–237} }
 @article{vermont_kasprzak_lally_claudio_tumiel-berhalter_haynes-maslow_ammerman_raja_leone_2022, title={A Randomized Controlled Trial of a Research-Tested Mobile Produce Market Model Designed to Improve Diet in Under-Resourced Communities: Rationale and Design for the Veggie Van Study}, volume={19}, ISSN={["1660-4601"]}, DOI={10.3390/ijerph19169832}, abstractNote={Mobile produce markets are increasingly popular retail vendors used for providing access to fresh fruits and vegetables (F&V) in under-resourced communities; however, evaluation is limited due to design and implementation challenges. This protocol presents the original design of a randomized control trial aimed at assessing the effectiveness of the evidence-based Veggie Van (VV) mobile market model. Nine US community partner organizations were asked to partner with four community sites serving lower-income areas. Sites are randomized to either intervention or control. Intervention sites will host a mobile market for one year while the control sites will host planning events, with the goal to open a market afterward. Eligible participants are aged ≥ 18, the primary household shopper, live nearby/regularly frequent the site, and have expressed interest in learning about a mobile market. The primary outcome, F&V consumption, will be assessed via dietary recall at baseline and 12 months and compared between the intervention and control sites. This research advances work on the VV model and methods for mobile market evaluation with the addition of more robust measures and the study design. Determining the effectiveness of the VV model is imperative to justify taking it to scale to enhance the impact of mobile markets.}, number={16}, journal={INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH}, author={Vermont, Leah N. and Kasprzak, Christina and Lally, Anne and Claudio, Alicia and Tumiel-Berhalter, Laurene and Haynes-Maslow, Lindsey and Ammerman, Alice and Raja, Samina and Leone, Lucia A.}, year={2022}, month={Aug} }
 @article{gillespie_dewitt_trude_haynes-maslow_hudson_anderson-steeves_barr_gustafson_2022, title={Barriers and Facilitators of Online Grocery Services: Perceptions from Rural and Urban Grocery Store Managers}, url={https://doi.org/10.3390/nu14183794}, DOI={10.3390/nu14183794}, abstractNote={Online grocery shopping has expanded rapidly in the U.S., yet little is known about the retailer’s perceptions of online grocery services, which can aid in the expansion of services. Furthermore, many barriers to online grocery utilization persist across geographic areas, especially among Supplemental Nutrition Assistance Program (SNAP)-authorized retailers. This study captured perceived barriers and facilitators of online grocery shopping for managers of SNAP-authorized retailers. Qualitative semi-structured interviews were conducted with managers (n = 23) of grocery stores/supermarkets in urban and rural areas across four different states: TN, KY, NC, and NY. Grocery store managers offering online ordering (n = 15) and managers from brick-and-mortar stores without online services (n = 8) participated in the interviews. Three primary themes emerged among managers offering online ordering: (1) order fulfillment challenges, (2) perceived customer barriers, and (3) perceived customer benefits. Among managers at brick-and-mortar locations without online services, four major themes emerged: (1) thoughts on implementing online shopping, (2) COVID-19 pandemic impacts, (3) competition with other stores, and (4) benefits of maintaining brick-and-mortar shopping. This study provides a deeper understanding of retailers’ experience and perceptions of online grocery services among stores authorized to accept SNAP benefits. This perspective is necessary to inform policies and enhance the evolving virtual food marketplace for SNAP customers.}, journal={Nutrients}, author={Gillespie, Rachel and DeWitt, Emily and Trude, Angela C. B. and Haynes-Maslow, Lindsey and Hudson, Travis and Anderson-Steeves, Elizabeth and Barr, Makenzie and Gustafson, Alison}, year={2022}, month={Sep} }
 @article{shanks_houghtaling_shanks_grocke-dewey_webber_andress_hardison-moody_patton-lopez_haynes-maslow_2022, title={Disparities in dietary practices during the COVID-19 pandemic by food security status}, volume={28}, ISSN={["2211-3355"]}, DOI={10.1016/j.pmedr.2022.101830}, abstractNote={Little is known about the differences in dietary practices among food secure and food insecure populations during the early COVID-19 pandemic restrictions. The purpose of this study was to examine differences in dietary practices the early COVID-19 pandemic restrictions between adults reporting food security versus food insecurity. An online cross-sectional survey using validated measures was administered between April and September 2020 to explore both dietary patterns and practices and food security status among persons residing in five U.S. states from different regions of the country during the COVID-19 pandemic. Between-group differences (food secure versus food insecure) were examined for dietary practice outcomes using Pearson's Chi-Square test statistic, with Fisher's Exact test for cell counts less than five. There were 3,213 adult respondents. Food insecurity increased among the survey sample from 15.9% before the COVID-19 pandemic to 23.1% during the onset of the COVID-19 pandemic (p < 0.01). Compared to food secure respondents, those experiencing food insecurity reported more group gatherings for meals during the pandemic, decreased fruit and vegetable intake, and a need for more nutrition support resources than food secure respondents (p < 0.05). Food secure individuals reported increasing alcohol consumption, more frequent take-out or delivery ordering from fast food or restaurants, and more interest in supporting the local food system (p < 0.05). Results indicate a clear risk of disparities in dietary practices based on food security status during the early COVID-19 pandemic restrictions. Public health research, practice, and policy efforts should tailor specific efforts towards both food secure and food insecure groups.}, journal={PREVENTIVE MEDICINE REPORTS}, author={Shanks, Carmen Byker and Houghtaling, Bailey and Shanks, Justin and Grocke-Dewey, Michelle and Webber, Eliza and Andress, Lauri and Hardison-Moody, Annie and Patton-Lopez, Megan and Haynes-Maslow, Lindsey}, year={2022}, month={Aug} }
 @article{mcguirt_pitts_labban_steeves_haynes-maslow_henry_gustafson_2022, title={Evidence of Geospatial and Socioeconomic Disparities in Access to Online Grocery Shopping for Fresh and Frozen Produce in North Carolina}, volume={122}, ISSN={["2212-2680"]}, DOI={10.1016/j.j.2022.05.008}, number={11}, journal={JOURNAL OF THE ACADEMY OF NUTRITION AND DIETETICS}, author={McGuirt, Jared T. and Pitts, Stephanie B. Jilcott and Labban, Jeffrey D. and Steeves, Elizabeth T. Anderson and Haynes-Maslow, Lindsey and Henry, Savanna and Gustafson, Alison}, year={2022}, month={Nov}, pages={2106–2114} }
 @article{byker shanks_andress_hardison-moody_jilcott pitts_patton-lopez_prewitt_dupuis_wong_kirk-epstein_engelhard_et al._2022, title={Food Insecurity in the Rural United States: An Examination of Struggles and Coping Mechanisms to Feed a Family among Households with a Low-Income}, volume={14}, ISSN={["2072-6643"]}, DOI={10.3390/nu14245250}, abstractNote={Households with a low-income in rural places experience disproportionate levels of food insecurity. Further research is needed about the nuances in strategies that households with a low-income in rural areas apply to support food security nationally. This study aimed to understand the barriers and strategies that households with a low-income in rural areas experience to obtain a meal and support food security in the United States. We conducted a qualitative study with semi-structured interviews among 153 primary grocery shoppers with a low-income residing in rural counties. A majority of family’s ideal meals included animal-based protein, grains, and vegetables. Main themes included struggles to secure food and coping mechanisms. Ten categories included affordability, adequacy, accommodation, appetite, time, food source coordinating, food resource management, reduced quality, rationing for food, and exceptional desperation. These results can inform public health professionals’ efforts when partnering to alleviate food insecurity in rural areas.}, number={24}, journal={NUTRIENTS}, author={Byker Shanks, Carmen and Andress, Lauri and Hardison-Moody, Annie and Jilcott Pitts, Stephanie and Patton-Lopez, Megan and Prewitt, T. Elaine and Dupuis, Virgil and Wong, Karen and Kirk-Epstein, Marisa and Engelhard, Emily and et al.}, year={2022}, month={Dec} }
 @article{gustafson_gillespie_dewitt_cox_dunaway_haynes-maslow_steeves_trude_2022, title={Online Pilot Grocery Intervention among Rural and Urban Residents Aimed to Improve Purchasing Habits}, volume={19}, ISSN={["1660-4601"]}, url={https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph19020871}, DOI={10.3390/ijerph19020871}, abstractNote={Online grocery shopping has the potential to improve access to food, particularly among low-income households located in urban food deserts and rural communities. The primary aim of this pilot intervention was to test whether a three-armed online grocery trial improved fruit and vegetable (F&V) purchases. Rural and urban adults across seven counties in Kentucky, Maryland, and North Carolina were recruited to participate in an 8-week intervention in fall 2021. A total of 184 adults were enrolled into the following groups: (1) brick-and-mortar “BM” (control participants only received reminders to submit weekly grocery shopping receipts); (2) online-only with no support “O” (participants received weekly reminders to grocery shop online and to submit itemized receipts); and (3) online shopping with intervention nudges “O+I” (participants received nudges three times per week to grocery shop online, meal ideas, recipes, Facebook group support, and weekly reminders to shop online and to submit itemized receipts). On average, reported food spending on F/V by the O+I participants was USD 6.84 more compared to the BM arm. Online shopping with behavioral nudges and nutrition information shows great promise for helping customers in diverse locations to navigate the increasing presence of online grocery shopping platforms and to improve F&V purchases.}, number={2}, journal={INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH}, author={Gustafson, Alison and Gillespie, Rachel and DeWitt, Emily and Cox, Brittany and Dunaway, Brynnan and Haynes-Maslow, Lindsey and Steeves, Elizabeth Anderson and Trude, Angela C. B.}, year={2022}, month={Jan} }
 @article{kasprzak_lally_schoonover_gallicchio_haynes-maslow_vermont_ammerman_raja_tumiel-berhalter_tirabassi_et al._2022, title={Operational challenges that may affect implementation of evidence-based mobile market interventions}, volume={22}, ISSN={["1471-2458"]}, DOI={10.1186/s12889-022-13207-8}, abstractNote={Abstract
                Introduction
                Mobile produce markets are becoming an increasingly prevalent, accepted, and effective strategy for improving fruit and vegetable (F&V) access and consumption across underserved and lower-income communities. However, there is limited published research on mobile market operations. The goal of this research is to identify the challenges mobile markets face and ways to potentially mitigate those challenges. We will also discuss implications of our findings for future implementation of evidence-based food access interventions.
              
                Methods
                We conducted 21 semi-structured key informant (KI) interviews to assess common practices of mobile market organizations that had been operating for 2 + years. We asked KIs about their organizational structure, operations, procurement and logistics, evaluation efforts, marketing and community engagement, success and challenges. A primary qualitative analysis involved deductive coding using qualitative software. A secondary qualitative analysis identified subthemes related to common challenges and remedial practices. A deductive coding process was applied to match identified challenges to the appropriate Consolidated Framework for Implementation Research (CFIR).
              
                Results
                The leading challenges cited by KIs correspond to the CFIR domains of inner setting (e.g., funding and resources), outer setting (e.g., navigating regulations), and process (e.g., engaging community partnership). Practices that may mitigate challenges include maximizing ancillary services, adopting innovative volunteer and staffing structures, and formalizing agreements with community partners.
              
                Conclusion
                Common and persistent challenges ought to be addressed to ensure and enhance the positive public health impacts of mobile produce markets. Contextual factors, particularly organizational factors, that impact implementation should also be considered when implementing an evidence-based intervention at a mobile market. Further research is needed to determine which innovative solutions are the most effective in mitigating challenges, improving implementation, and enhancing sustainability of mobile markets.
              }, number={1}, journal={BMC PUBLIC HEALTH}, author={Kasprzak, Christina M. and Lally, Anne E. and Schoonover, Julia J. and Gallicchio, Deanna and Haynes-Maslow, Lindsey and Vermont, Leah N. and Ammerman, Alice S. and Raja, Samina and Tumiel-Berhalter, Laurene and Tirabassi, Jill N. and et al.}, year={2022}, month={Apr} }
 @article{haynes-maslow_ray_giombi_2022, title={Perceptions of sugar-sweetened beverages among adolescents in North Carolina}, volume={10}, ISSN={["2296-2565"]}, DOI={10.3389/fpubh.2022.943295}, abstractNote={IntroductionSugar-sweetened beverage (SSB) consumption among adolescents contributes to diet-related chronic disease including obesity, type 2 diabetes, and poor oral health.ObjectiveTo better understand adolescents' perceptions, attitudes, and consumption behaviors around SSBs by conducting virtual workshop discussions with adolescents in NC.Materials and methodsAdolescents ages 11–17 in communities with a high proportion of Supplemental Nutrition Assistance Program (SNAP) eligible households were selected to participate in a series of virtual group workshops during summer 2021. A semi-structured discussion guide was used by a workshop facilitator. Workshop discussions centered around general health perceptions, SSB perceptions, and consumption behaviors. A thematic analysis was used to summarize knowledge, beliefs, attitudes, and perceptions around SSBs.ResultsApproximately 36 adolescents participated across four group workshops. Parents and caregivers influenced adolescents most when it came to making beverage choices. Positive SSB perceptions included liking the taste and the association with special times and social events. Negative opinions focused on associated health risks (diet-related chronic disease and poor oral health). Some adolescents acknowledged SSBs were not healthy but suggested they could be consumed occasionally. Very few participants mentioned any benefits from SSBs; those that mentioned benefits stated they provided energy, replaced electrolytes, and tasted good.ConclusionFindings provide several key insights that can contribute to the development of messages aimed at curbing SSB consumption among adolescents. For example, messages that focus on catching adolescents' attention and sharing short- and long-term health consequences of high SSB consumption resonated with adolescents, but because occasional SSB intake was not seen as consequential, messages that suggest abstinence from SSBs may not be helpful in reducing consumption.}, journal={FRONTIERS IN PUBLIC HEALTH}, author={Haynes-Maslow, Lindsey and Ray, Sarah and Giombi, Kristen}, year={2022}, month={Sep} }
 @article{jilcott pitts_wu_truesdale_rafferty_haynes-maslow_boys_mcguirt_fleischhacker_johnson_kaur_et al._2021, title={A four-year observational study to examine the dietary impact of the North Carolina Healthy Food Small Retailer Program, 2017-2020}, volume={18}, ISSN={["1479-5868"]}, DOI={10.1186/s12966-021-01109-8}, abstractNote={Abstract
                Background
                The North Carolina (NC) Healthy Food Small Retailer Program (HFSRP) was passed into law with a $250,000 appropriation (2016–2018) providing up to $25,000 in funding to small food stores for equipment to stock healthier foods and beverages. This paper describes an observational natural experiment documenting the impact of the HFSRP on store food environments, customers’ purchases and diets.
              
                Methods
                Using store observations and intercept surveys from cross-sectional, convenience customer samples (1261 customers in 22 stores, 2017–2020; 499 customers in 7 HFSRP stores, and 762 customers in 15 Comparison stores), we examined differences between HFSRP and comparison stores regarding: (1) change in store-level availability, quality, and price of healthy foods/beverages; (2) change in healthfulness of observed food and beverage purchases (“bag checks”); and, (3) change in self-reported and objectively-measured (Veggie Meter®-assessed skin carotenoids) customer dietary behaviors. Differences (HFSRP vs. comparison stores) in store-level Healthy Food Supply (HFS) and Healthy Eating Index-2010 scores were assessed using repeated measure ANOVA. Intervention effects on diet were assessed using difference-in-difference models including propensity scores.
              
                Results
                There were improvements in store-level supply of healthier foods/beverages within 1 year of program implementation (0 vs. 1–12 month HFS scores; p = 0.055) among HFSRP stores only. Comparing 2019 to 2017 (baseline), HFSRP stores’ HFS increased, but decreased in comparison stores (p = 0.031). Findings indicated a borderline significant effect of the intervention on self-reported fruit and vegetable intake (servings/day), though in the opposite direction expected, such that fruit and vegetable intake increased more among comparison store than HFSRP store customers (p = 0.05). There was no significant change in Veggie Meter®-assessed fruit and vegetable intake by customers shopping at the intervention versus comparison stores.
              
                Conclusions
                Despite improvement in healthy food availability, there was a lack of apparent impact on dietary behaviors related to the HFSRP, which could be due to intervention dose or inadequate statistical power due to the serial cross-sectional study design. It may also be that individuals buy most of their food at larger stores; thus, small store interventions may have limited impact on overall eating patterns. Future healthy retail policies should consider how to increase intervention dose to include more product marketing, consumer messaging, and technical assistance for store owners.
              }, number={1}, journal={INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF BEHAVIORAL NUTRITION AND PHYSICAL ACTIVITY}, author={Jilcott Pitts, Stephanie B. and Wu, Qiang and Truesdale, Kimberly P. and Rafferty, Ann P. and Haynes-Maslow, Lindsey and Boys, Kathryn A. and McGuirt, Jared T. and Fleischhacker, Sheila and Johnson, Nevin and Kaur, Archana P. and et al.}, year={2021}, month={Mar} }
 @article{grocke-dewey_hardison-moody_haynes-maslow_maras_webber_andress_houghtaling_patton-lopez_shanks_byker-shanks_2021, title={Examining the relationship between physical activity and mental health during the COVID-19 pandemic across five US States}, volume={24}, ISSN={["2211-3355"]}, DOI={10.1016/j.pmedr.2021.101537}, abstractNote={The objectives of this paper are to investigate: 1) how the COVID-19 pandemic influenced both physical activity practices and mental health status, and 2) to assess the relationship between the two. Our mixed-methods study draws on 4,026 online survey responses collected between April – September 2020 across five states (Louisiana, Montana, North Carolina, Oregon and West Virginia). Logistic regression models were run for two outcome variables (physical activity and mental health status (measured using the Kessler Psychological Distress scale)). Researchers controlled for race/ethnicity, household income/size, gender, urbanicity, education, employment, use of government assistance and presence of chronic health conditions. Qualitative analysis was applied to open-ended survey responses to contextualize quantitative findings. Household income was significant in predicting difficulty maintaining pre-pandemic physical activity levels; pre-pandemic physical activity levels were associated with increased psychological distress levels during COVID-19; and race/ethnicity, income status and urbanicity were significantly associated with deteriorating mental health status and physical activity levels during COVID-19. Data suggests that a bi-directional, cyclical relationship between physical activity and mental health exists. Policy implications should include physical activity promotion as a protective factor against declining mental health.}, journal={PREVENTIVE MEDICINE REPORTS}, author={Grocke-Dewey, Michelle and Hardison-Moody, Annie and Haynes-Maslow, Lindsey and Maras, Shelly and Webber, Eliza and Andress, Lauri and Houghtaling, Bailey and Patton-Lopez, Megan and Shanks, Justin and Byker-Shanks, Carmen}, year={2021}, month={Dec} }
 @article{boys_haynes-maslow_mcguirt_ammerman_van fleet_johnson_kelley_donadio_fleischhacker_truesdale_et al._2021, title={Perceived barriers and facilitators to participating in the North Carolina Healthy Food Small Retailer Program: a mixed-methods examination considering investment effectiveness}, volume={24}, ISSN={["1475-2727"]}, url={https://doi.org/10.1017/S1368980021003955}, DOI={10.1017/S1368980021003955}, abstractNote={AbstractObjective:The North Carolina Legislature appropriated funds in 2016–2019 for the Healthy Food Small Retailer Program (HFSRP), providing small retailers located in food deserts with equipment to stock nutrient-dense foods and beverages. The study aimed to: (1) examine factors facilitating and constraining implementation of, and participation in, the HFSRP from the perspective of storeowners and (2) measure and evaluate the impact and effectiveness of investment in the HFSRP.Design:The current analysis uses both qualitative and quantitative assessments of storeowner perceptions and store outcomes, as well as two innovative measures of policy investment effectiveness. Qualitative semi-structured interviews and descriptive quantitative approaches, including monthly financial reports and activity forms, and end-of-programme evaluations were collected from participating HFSRP storeowners.Setting:Eight corner stores in North Carolina that participated in the two cohorts (2016–2018; 2017–2019) of the HFSRP.Participants:Owners of corner stores participating in the HFSRP.Results:All storeowners reported that the HFSRP benefitted their stores. In addition, the HFSRP had a positive impact on sales across each category of healthy food products. Storeowners reported that benefits would be enhanced with adjustments to programme administration and support. Specific suggestions included additional information regarding which healthy foods and beverages to stock; inventory management; handling of perishable produce; product display; modified reporting requirements and a more efficient process of delivering and maintaining equipment.Conclusions:All storeowners reported several benefits of the HFSRP and would recommend that other storeowners participate. The barriers and challenges they reported inform potential approaches to ensuring success and sustainability of the HFSRP and similar initiatives underway in other jurisdictions.}, number={18}, journal={PUBLIC HEALTH NUTRITION}, publisher={Cambridge University Press (CUP)}, author={Boys, Kathryn A. and Haynes-Maslow, Lindsey and McGuirt, Jared T. and Ammerman, Alice S. and Van Fleet, Erin E. and Johnson, Nevin S. and Kelley, Casey J. and Donadio, Victoria E. and Fleischhacker, Sheila E. and Truesdale, Kimberly P. and et al.}, year={2021}, month={Dec}, pages={6555–6565} }
 @article{haynes-maslow_pitts_boys_mcguirt_fleischhacker_ammerman_johnson_kelley_donadio_bell_et al._2021, title={Qualitative perspectives of the North Carolina healthy food small retailer program among customers in participating stores located in food deserts}, volume={21}, ISSN={["1471-2458"]}, DOI={10.1186/s12889-021-11509-x}, abstractNote={Abstract
                Background
                The North Carolina Healthy Food Small Retailer Program (NC HFSRP) was established through a policy passed by the state legislature to provide funding for small food retailers located in food deserts with the goal of increasing access to and sales of healthy foods and beverages among local residents. The purpose of this study was to qualitatively examine perceptions of the NC HFSRP among store customers.
              
                Methods
                Qualitative interviews were conducted with 29 customers from five NC HFSRP stores in food deserts across eastern NC. Interview questions were related to shoppers’ food and beverage purchases at NC HFSRP stores, whether they had noticed any in-store efforts to promote healthier foods and beverages, their suggestions for promoting healthier foods and beverages, their familiarity with and support of the NC HFSRP, and how their shopping and consumption habits had changed since implementation of the NC HFSRP. A codebook was developed based on deductive (from the interview guide questions) and inductive (emerged from the data) codes and operational definitions. Verbatim transcripts were double-coded and a thematic analysis was conducted based on code frequency, and depth of participant responses for each code.
              
                Results
                Although very few participants were aware of the NC HFSRP legislation, they recognized changes within the store. Customers noted that the provision of healthier foods and beverages in the store had encouraged them to make healthier purchase and consumption choices. When a description of the NC HFSRP was provided to them, all participants were supportive of the state-funded program. Participants discussed program benefits including improving food access in low-income and/or rural areas and making healthy choices easier for youth and for those most at risk of diet-related chronic diseases.
              
                Conclusions
                Findings can inform future healthy corner store initiatives in terms of framing a rationale for funding or policies by focusing on increased food access among vulnerable populations.
              }, number={1}, journal={BMC PUBLIC HEALTH}, author={Haynes-Maslow, Lindsey and Pitts, Stephanie B. Jilcott and Boys, Kathryn A. and McGuirt, Jared T. and Fleischhacker, Sheila and Ammerman, Alice S. and Johnson, Nevin and Kelley, Casey and Donadio, Victoria E. and Bell, Ronny A. and et al.}, year={2021}, month={Jul} }
 @article{leone_haynes-maslow_kasprzak_raja_epstein_2021, title={The WIC Shopping Experience: A Qualitative Study Examining Retail-based Strategies to Increase WIC Retention and Redemption Rates}, volume={4}, ISSN={["1932-0256"]}, DOI={10.1080/19320248.2021.1915906}, abstractNote={ABSTRACT The Special Supplemental Nutrition Program for Women, Infants, and Children (WIC) successfully improves participant nutrition, but program effectiveness is threatened by retail shopping challenges, which may reduce benefit redemption and participant retention. Focus groups with WIC participants examined barriers to using WIC benefits and potential strategies to improve redemption. The analysis included a three-pass qualitative process using deductive and inductive thematic analysis. Barriers included confusion over finding eligible products, difficulty checking out, and perceived stigma. Strategies included promotion and strategic placement of approved items and better customer service. Retailer practices and regional policy amendments are potential strategies for improving the WIC shopping experience and program effectiveness.}, journal={JOURNAL OF HUNGER & ENVIRONMENTAL NUTRITION}, author={Leone, Lucia and Haynes-Maslow, Lindsey and Kasprzak, Christina and Raja, Samina and Epstein, Leonard H.}, year={2021}, month={Apr} }
 @article{kasprzak_schoonover_gallicchio_haynes-maslow_vermont_ammerman_raja_tumiel-berhalter_leone_2021, title={Using common practices to establish a framework for mobile produce markets in the United States}, volume={10}, ISSN={["2152-0801"]}, DOI={10.5304/jafscd.2021.104.029}, abstractNote={Access to affordable fruit and vegetables (F&V) remains a challenge within underserved communities across the United States. Mobile produce markets (mobile markets) are a well-accepted and effective strategy for increasing F&V consumption in these communities. Mobile market organizations share similar missions that focus on food, health, and empowerment, participate in incentive programs, offer nutrition education, utilize grassroots-based marketing strategies, prioritize local produce, and sell competitively priced produce through a market style. While mobile markets have become increasingly prevalent, models vary widely. Establishing standardized practices is essential for ensuring the effectiveness and sustainability of this important food access program. This research seeks to identify common practices of established mobile markets and describe the resources they rely on.}, number={4}, journal={JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURE FOOD SYSTEMS AND COMMUNITY DEVELOPMENT}, author={Kasprzak, Christina M. and Schoonover, Julia J. and Gallicchio, Deanna and Haynes-Maslow, Lindsey and Vermont, Leah N. and Ammerman, Alice and Raja, Samina and Tumiel-Berhalter, Laurene and Leone, Lucia A.}, year={2021}, pages={73–84} }
 @article{haynes-maslow_hardison-moody_patton-lopez_prewitt_shanks_andress_osborne_pitts_2020, title={Examining Rural Food-Insecure Families’ Perceptions of the Supplemental Nutrition Assistance Program: A Qualitative Study}, volume={17}, url={https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph17176390}, DOI={10.3390/ijerph17176390}, abstractNote={The Supplemental Nutrition Assistance Program (SNAP) is a critical program that helps reduce the risk of food insecurity, yet little is known about how SNAP addresses the needs of rural, food-insecure residents in the United States (U.S.). This study examines how rural, food-insecure residents perceive SNAP. Semi-structured interviews were conducted with 153 individuals living in six diverse rural regions of Arkansas, Montana, North Carolina, Oregon, Texas, and West Virginia. SNAP was described as a crucial stop-gap program, keeping families from experiencing persistent food insecurity, making food dollars stretch when the family budget is tight, and helping them purchase healthier foods. For many rural residents interviewed, SNAP was viewed in a largely positive light. In efforts to continue improving SNAP, particularly in light of its relevance during and post-coronavirus (COVID-19) pandemic, policymakers must be aware of rural families’ perceptions of SNAP. Specific improvements may include increased transparency regarding funding formulas, budgeting and nutrition education for recipients, effective training to improve customer service, connections among social service agencies within a community, and increased availability of automation to streamline application processes.}, number={17}, journal={International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health}, publisher={MDPI AG}, author={Haynes-Maslow, Lindsey and Hardison-Moody, Annie and Patton-Lopez, Megan and Prewitt, T. Elaine and Shanks, Carmen Byker and Andress, Lauri and Osborne, Isabel and Pitts, Stephanie Jilcott}, year={2020}, month={Sep}, pages={6390} }
 @article{haynes-maslow_mcguirt_trippichio_armstrong-brown_ammerman_leone_2020, title={Examining commonly used perceived and objective measures of fruit and vegetable access in low-income populations and their association with consumption}, volume={10}, ISSN={["1613-9860"]}, DOI={10.1093/tbm/ibaa077}, abstractNote={Perception-based and objective food access measures are often examined as factors influencing individuals' shopping decisions and dietary habits, but the relative influence of these two factors on behaviors needs further examination. This study sought to (a) determine if perception-based and objective measures of fruit and vegetable (F&V) access were related and (b) examine perception-based and objective access measures as predictors of F&V consumption. Participants were recruited as part of a larger intervention study from 12 sites across three urban North Carolina counties. Perception-based food access measured included self-reported perceptions of convenience, variety, and quality of F&V within a neighborhood. Food outlet density was used as the objective measure. This was derived by summing the total number of geocoded convenience stores, grocery stores, supermarkets, and supercenters located within 1 road network mile of participants' home address. Associations between perception-based and objective measures were examined using Pearson's correlations, and associations of F&V access and intake were examined using linear regression models. Pearson correlations between perception-based and objective measures revealed that F&V variety was associated with supermarkets. Regression results show that perception-based barriers to F&V access were not significantly associated with intake, but supercenter density within 1 mile was significantly associated with decreased F&V intake. Common measures of perception-based and objective measures of food access may not be the best predictor of F&V intake. Understanding the relationships of these factors for lower-income populations can offer guidance for future policies and programs.}, number={6}, journal={TRANSLATIONAL BEHAVIORAL MEDICINE}, author={Haynes-Maslow, Lindsey and McGuirt, Jared and Trippichio, Gina and Armstrong-Brown, Janelle and Ammerman, Alice S. and Leone, Lucia A.}, year={2020}, month={Dec}, pages={1342–1349} }
 @article{haynes-maslow_hardison-moody_shanks_2020, title={Leveraging informal community food systems to address food security during COVID-19}, volume={10}, ISSN={["2152-0801"]}, url={https://doi.org/10.5304/jafscd.2020.101.005}, DOI={10.5304/jafscd.2020.101.005}, abstractNote={First paragraph: 
The novel coronavirus (COVID-19) has dramatically reshaped the U.S. food system and how people interact with it—more specifically, how people interact with their community food environment. The food environment is the distribution of food sources within a community, including the number, type, location, and accessibility of retail food outlets (Glanz, Sallis, Saelens, & Frank, 2005). Systemic injustices shape our food system and lead to a lack of access to healthier food and beverages for low-income and communities of color (Baker, Schootman, Barnidge, & Kelly, 2006; Bower, Thorpe, Rohde, & Gaskin, 2014). These neighborhood disparities have concrete effects on health, including increasing people’s risk for obesity, type 2 diabetes, heart disease, and stroke (Franco, Diez Roux, Glass, Caballero, & Brancati, 2008; Richardson, Boone-Heinonen, Popkin, & Gordon-Larsen, 2012). COVID-19 exacer­bates these long-standing disparities, disproportionately affecting low-income people and communities of color. Brutal structural inequalities have resulted in Black and Latinx Americans being 2.7 and 3.1, respectively, times more likely to be diagnosed with COVID-19 (Moore et al., 2020). . . .}, number={1}, journal={JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURE FOOD SYSTEMS AND COMMUNITY DEVELOPMENT}, author={Haynes-Maslow, Lindsey and Hardison-Moody, Annie and Shanks, Carmen Byker}, year={2020}, pages={197–200} }
 @article{andress_shanks_hardison-moody_prewitt_kinder_haynes-maslow_2020, title={The Curated Food System: A Limiting Aspirational Vision of What Constitutes "Good" Food}, volume={17}, ISSN={["1660-4601"]}, DOI={10.3390/ijerph17176157}, abstractNote={In an effort to elucidate an aspirational vision for the food system and explore whether the characteristics of such a system inadvertently set unattainable standards for low-wealth rural communities, we applied discourse analysis to the following qualitative datasets: (1) interviews with food experts and advocates, (2) scholarly and grey literature, (3) industry websites, and (4) email exchanges between food advocates. The analysis revealed eight aspirational food system discourses: production, distribution, and infrastructure; healthy, organic, local food; behavioral health and education; sustainability; finance and investment; hunger relief; demand-side preferences; romanticized, community led transformations. Study findings reveal that of eight discourses, only three encompass the experiences of low-wealth rural residents. This aspirational food system may aggravate the lack of autonomy and powerlessness already experienced by low-wealth rural groups, perpetuate a sense of failure by groups who will be unable to reach the aspirational food vision, silence discourses that might question those that play a role in the inequitable distribution of income while sanctioning discourses that focus on personal or community solutions, and leave out other policy-based solutions that address issues located within the food system. Further research might explore how to draw attention to silenced discourses on the needs and preferences of low-wealth rural populations to ensure that the policies and programs promoted by food system experts mitigate poor diets caused by food insecurity. Further research is needed to inform policies and programs to mitigate food insecurity in low-wealth rural populations.}, number={17}, journal={INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH}, author={Andress, Lauri and Shanks, Carmen Byker and Hardison-Moody, Annie and Prewitt, T. Elaine and Kinder, Paul and Haynes-Maslow, Lindsey}, year={2020}, month={Sep} }
 @article{powell_singleton_li_steeves_castro_grigsby-toussaint_haynes-maslow_houghtaling_laska_leone_et al._2019, title={Changes to SNAP-authorized retailer stocking requirements and the supply of foods and beverages in low-income communities in seven US states}, volume={9}, ISSN={["1613-9860"]}, DOI={10.1093/tbm/ibz093}, abstractNote={Less than one-half of small food stores audited in low-income communities met the USDA’s 2016 proposed expansion of the Supplemental Nutrition Assistance Program-authorized retailer stocking requirements.}, number={5}, journal={TRANSLATIONAL BEHAVIORAL MEDICINE}, author={Powell, Lisa M. and Singleton, Chelsea R. and Li, Yu and Steeves, Elizabeth Anderson and Castro, Iana A. and Grigsby-Toussaint, Diana and Haynes-Maslow, Lindsey and Houghtaling, Bailey and Laska, Melissa N. and Leone, Lucia A. and et al.}, year={2019}, month={Oct}, pages={857–864} }
 @article{haynes-maslow_osborne_pitts_2019, title={Examining Barriers and Facilitators to Delivering SNAP-Ed Direct Nutrition Education in Rural Communities}, volume={33}, ISSN={0890-1171 2168-6602}, url={http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0890117118821845}, DOI={10.1177/0890117118821845}, abstractNote={Purpose: To better understand the barriers to implementing Supplemental Nutrition Assistance Program Education (SNAP-Ed) direct education programming in rural communities, as well as strategies to overcome these barriers. This includes (1) barriers to implementing direct education in rural communities, and (2) facilitators to overcoming direct-education barriers in rural communities. Design: This was a qualitative study that included in-depth interviews. Setting: Fifteen states across all 7 SNAP-Ed regions. Participants: Participants were eligible if they (1) were SNAP-Ed staff who were involved with implementing programs; (2) implemented at least 50% of their programming in rural communities, and (3) worked in their role for at least 12 months. Twenty-seven (n = 27) staff participated in interviews. Measures: Online surveys ascertained if participants were interested in participating in a 60-minute interview about implementing SNAP-Ed in rural communities. Interviews were semistructured and focused on the barriers and facilitators to implementing SNAP-Ed direct-education nutrition programming in rural areas. Analysis: Qualitative interviews were analyzed using content analysis in Atlas.ti. Results: Barriers to implementing direct education in rural communities included lack of healthy food and physical activity infrastructure to reinforce messages taught in class, funding restrictions, transportation for SNAP-Ed staff and the perception that this was also a problem for participants, and SNAP-Ed staff being seen as “outsiders” (not from the community). Facilitators included partnering with other organizations to increase recruitment and retention of SNAP-Ed participants, buy-in from local leaders, and SNAP-Ed staff being from the community. Conclusion: Partnerships between SNAP-Ed programs and non-SNAP-Ed organizations were essential in helping to recruit and retain participants. The SNAP-Ed staff should get buy-in from local leaders before starting direct-education programming. The SNAP-Ed programs should explore innovative delivery modalities including online and text messaging due to transportation issues in widespread rural geographies. Lastly, more work should be done to complement SNAP-Ed direct education with policy, systems, and environmental change initiatives. }, number={5}, journal={American Journal of Health Promotion}, publisher={SAGE Publications}, author={Haynes-Maslow, Lindsey and Osborne, Isabel and Pitts, Stephanie Jilcott}, year={2019}, month={Jan}, pages={736–744} }
 @article{chauvenet_de marco_leone_haynes-maslow_ammerman_2021, title={The Role of Food Retailers in the Promotion of Healthful, Low-Cost Products to WIC Recipients}, volume={16}, ISSN={["1932-0256"]}, DOI={10.1080/19320248.2019.1649225}, abstractNote={ABSTRACT There is a gap in the literature around promotion of healthy and low-cost food options for WIC recipients. Ten semi-structured interviews were conducted with retailers to explore the challenges and opportunities of promotions to WIC recipients. Retailers reported doing little to no promotions targeted at WIC recipients at the time of interview. The possibility of increased revenue, particularly for fruits and vegetables, presents an area of potential collaboration between public health officials and retailers. The main barriers to increased promotions were restrictions around promotions directly marketed to WIC recipients and concern by retailers and policymakers about potential stigmatization.}, number={2}, journal={JOURNAL OF HUNGER & ENVIRONMENTAL NUTRITION}, author={Chauvenet, Christina and De Marco, Molly and Leone, Lucia A. and Haynes-Maslow, Lindsey and Ammerman, Alice S.}, year={2021}, month={Mar}, pages={181–195} }
 @article{leone_tripicchio_haynes-maslow_mcguirt_smith_armstrong-brown_kowitt_gizlice_ammerman_2019, title={A Cluster-Randomized Trial of a Mobile Produce Market Program in 12 Communities in North Carolina: Program Development, Methods, and Baseline Characteristics}, volume={119}, ISSN={["2212-2680"]}, DOI={10.1016/j.jand.2018.04.010}, abstractNote={<h2>Abstract</h2><h3>Background</h3> Mobile markets are an increasingly popular method for providing access to fresh fruits and vegetables (F/V) in underserved communities; however, evaluation of these programs is limited, as are descriptions of their development, study designs, and needs of the populations they serve. <h3>Objective</h3> Our aim was to describe the development and theoretical basis for Veggie Van (VV), a mobile produce market intervention, the study design for the VV evaluation, and baseline characteristics of the study population. <h3>Design</h3> The protocol and sample for a cluster-randomized controlled trial with 12 sites are described. <h3>Participants/setting</h3> Community partner organizations in the Triangle region of North Carolina that primarily served lower-income families or were located in areas that had limited access to fresh produce were recruited. Eligible individuals at each site (older than 18 years of age, self-identified as the main shoppers for their household, and expressed interest in using a mobile market) were targeted for enrollment. A total of 201 participants at 12 sites participated in the VV program and evaluation, which was implemented from November 2013 to March 2016. <h3>Main outcome measures</h3> Change in F/V intake (cups/day), derived from self-reported responses to the National Cancer Institute F/V screener, was the main outcome measure. <h3>Statistical analyses performed</h3> We performed a descriptive analysis of baseline sample characteristics. <h3>Results</h3> Mean reported F/V intake was 3.4 cups/day. Participants reported generally having some access to fresh F/V, and 57.7% agreed they could afford enough F/V to feed their family. The most frequently cited barriers were cost (55.7%) and time to prepare F/V (20.4%). Self-efficacy was lowest for buying more F/V than usual and trying new vegetables. <h3>Conclusions</h3> By addressing cost and convenience and building skills for purchasing and preparing F/V, the VV has the potential to improve F/V consumption in underserved communities.}, number={1}, journal={JOURNAL OF THE ACADEMY OF NUTRITION AND DIETETICS}, author={Leone, Lucia A. and Tripicchio, Gina L. and Haynes-Maslow, Lindsey and McGuirt, Jared and Smith, Jaqueline S. Grady and Armstrong-Brown, Janelle and Kowitt, Sarah D. and Gizlice, Ziya and Ammerman, Alice S.}, year={2019}, month={Jan}, pages={57–68} }
 @article{haynes-maslow_andress_pitts_osborne_baquero_bailey-davis_byker-shanks_houghtaling_kolodinsky_lo_et al._2018, title={Arguments Used in Public Comments to Support or Oppose the US Department of Agriculture's Minimum Stocking Requirements: A Content Analysis}, volume={118}, ISSN={["2212-2680"]}, DOI={10.1016/j.jand.2017.12.005}, abstractNote={<h2>Abstract</h2><h3>Background</h3> In 2016, the US Department of Agriculture (USDA)'s Supplemental Nutrition Assistance Program (SNAP) Retailer Rule proposed several changes for SNAP-authorized retailers, including: requiring retailers to have at least 85% of their food sales come from items that are not cooked or heated on site before or after purchase; requiring stores to stock seven varieties of qualifying foods from four staple food groups; requiring stores to carry perishable foods in three of the four staple groups; requiring stores to carry six units of qualifying foods at all times (depth of stock); disqualifying multiple ingredient foods and accessory foods from counting toward depth of stock requirements. <h3>Objectives</h3> To better understand arguments used to support or oppose the USDA's proposed rule that all SNAP-authorized retailers carry more nutritious foods. <h3>Design</h3> We conducted a qualitative content analysis of a random sample of public comments posted to the US Federal Register (a publicly available database) in response to the USDA's proposed rule. <h3>Participants/setting</h3> A random sample of 20% of all public comments submitted by individuals and organizations to the US Federal Register were analyzed (n=303) for this study. <h3>Results</h3> Three main themes were discussed: 1) arguments used in opposition to the rule; 2) arguments used in support of the rule; and 3) facilitators to assist stores in implementing the rule. Some of the subthemes included focusing on definitions used in the rule, reduced food access caused by stores leaving the SNAP program, lack of space and equipment for healthy foods, and the potential for increasing healthy food access. <h3>Conclusions</h3> Nutrition and dietetics practitioners may be tasked with working with stores to implement healthy changes. Nutrition and dietetics practitioners must understand the role that the USDA has in food policy. In addition, understanding how federal food policy influences the environments in which dietetics professionals' clients are making food choices is important.}, number={9}, journal={JOURNAL OF THE ACADEMY OF NUTRITION AND DIETETICS}, author={Haynes-Maslow, Lindsey and Andress, Lauri and Pitts, Stephanie Jilcott and Osborne, Isabel and Baquero, Barbara and Bailey-Davis, Lisa and Byker-Shanks, Carmen and Houghtaling, Bailey and Kolodinsky, Jane and Lo, Brian K. and et al.}, year={2018}, month={Sep}, pages={1664–1672} }
 @article{haynes-maslow_osborne_pitts_2018, title={Best Practices and Innovative Solutions to Overcome Barriers to Delivering Policy, Systems and Environmental Changes in Rural Communities}, volume={10}, ISSN={["2072-6643"]}, DOI={10.3390/nu10081012}, abstractNote={To better understand the barriers to implementing policy; systems; and environmental (PSE) change initiatives within Supplemental Nutrition Assistance Program-Education (SNAP-Ed) programming in U.S. rural communities; as well as strategies to overcome these barriers, this study identifies: (1) the types of nutrition-related PSE SNAP-Ed programming currently being implemented in rural communities; (2) barriers to implementing PSE in rural communities; and (3) common best practices and innovative solutions to overcoming SNAP-Ed PSE implementation barriers. This mixed-methods study included online surveys and interviews across fifteen states. Participants were eligible if they: (1) were SNAP-Ed staff that were intimately aware of facilitators and barriers to implementing programs, (2) implemented at least 50% of their programming in rural communities, and (3) worked in their role for at least 12 months. Sixty-five staff completed the online survey and 27 participated in interviews. Barriers to PSE included obtaining community buy-in, the need for relationship building, and PSE education. Facilitators included finding community champions; identifying early “wins” so that community members could easily see PSE benefits. Partnerships between SNAP-Ed programs and non-SNAP-Ed organizations are essential to implementing PSE. SNAP-Ed staff should get buy-in from local leaders before implementing PSE. Technical assistance for rural SNAP-Ed programs would be helpful in promoting PSE.}, number={8}, journal={NUTRIENTS}, author={Haynes-Maslow, Lindsey and Osborne, Isabel and Pitts, Stephanie B. Jilcott}, year={2018}, month={Aug} }
 @article{leone_tripicchio_haynes-maslow_mcguirt_smith_armstrong-brown_gizlice_ammerman_2018, title={Cluster randomized controlled trial of a mobile market intervention to increase fruit and vegetable intake among adults in lower-income communities in North Carolina}, volume={15}, ISSN={["1479-5868"]}, DOI={10.1186/s12966-017-0637-1}, abstractNote={Poorer diets and subsequent higher rates of chronic disease among lower-income individuals may be partially attributed to reduced access to fresh fruits and vegetables (F&V) and other healthy foods. Mobile markets are an increasingly popular method for providing access to F&V in underserved communities, but evaluation efforts are limited. The purpose of this study was to determine the impact of Veggie Van (VV), a mobile produce market, on F&V intake in lower-income communities using a group randomized controlled trial. VV is a mobile produce market that sells reduced-cost locally grown produce and offers nutrition and cooking education. We recruited 12 sites in lower-income communities in North Carolina (USA) to host VV, randomizing them to receive VV immediately (intervention) or after the 6-month study period (delayed intervention control). Participants at each site completed baseline and follow-up surveys including F&V intake, perceived access to fresh F&V and self-efficacy for purchasing, preparing and eating F&V. We used multiple linear regression to calculate adjusted differences in outcomes while controlling for baseline values, education and clustering within site. Among 142 participants who completed the follow-up, baseline F&V intake was 3.48 cups/day for control and 3.33 for intervention. At follow-up, adjusted change in F&V consumption was 0.95 cups/day greater for intervention participants (p = 0.005), but was attenuated to 0.51 cups per day (p = 0.11) after removing extreme values. VV customers increased their F&V consumption by 0.41 cups/day (n = 30) compared to a 0.25 cups/day decrease for 111 non-customers (p = 0.04). Intervention participants did not show significant improvements in perceived access to fresh F&V, but increased their self-efficacy for working more F&V into snacks (p = 0.02), making up a vegetable dish with what they had on hand (p = 0.03), and cooking vegetables in a way that is appealing to their family (p = 0.048). Mobile markets may help improve F&V intake in lower-income communities. Clinicaltrials.gov ID# NCT03026608 retrospectively registered January 2, 2017.}, journal={INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF BEHAVIORAL NUTRITION AND PHYSICAL ACTIVITY}, author={Leone, Lucia A. and Tripicchio, Gina L. and Haynes-Maslow, Lindsey and McGuirt, Jared and Smith, Jacqueline S. Grady and Armstrong-Brown, Janelle and Gizlice, Ziya and Ammerman, Alice}, year={2018}, month={Jan} }
 @article{pitts_wu_truesdale_haynes-maslow_mcguirt_ammerman_bell_laska_2018, title={One-Year Follow-Up Examination of the Impact of the North Carolina Healthy Food Small Retailer Program on Healthy Food Availability, Purchases, and Consumption}, volume={15}, ISSN={["1660-4601"]}, DOI={10.3390/ijerph15122681}, abstractNote={We examined the short-term impact of the North Carolina Healthy Food Small Retailer Program (HFSRP), a legislatively appropriated bill providing funding up to $25,000 to small food retailers for equipment to stock and promote healthier foods, on store-level availability and purchase of healthy foods and beverages, as well as customer dietary patterns, one year post-policy implementation. We evaluated healthy food availability using a validated audit tool, purchases using customer bag-checks, and diet using self-reported questionnaires and skin carotenoid levels, assessed via Veggie Meter™, a non-invasive tool to objectively measure fruit and vegetable consumption. Difference-in-difference analyses were used to examine changes in HFSRP stores versus control stores after 1 year. There were statistically significant improvements in healthy food supply scores (availability), with the Healthy Food Supply HFS score being −0.44 points lower in control stores and 3.13 points higher in HFSRP stores pre/post HFSRP (p = 0.04). However, there were no statistically significant changes in purchases or self-reported consumption or skin carotenoids among customers in HFSRP versus control stores. Additional time or other supports for retailers (e.g., marketing and promotional materials) may be needed for HFSRP implementation to influence purchase and consumption.}, number={12}, journal={INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH}, author={Pitts, Stephanie B. Jilcott and Wu, Qiang and Truesdale, Kimberly P. and Haynes-Maslow, Lindsey and McGuirt, Jared T. and Ammerman, Alice and Bell, Ronny and Laska, Melissa N.}, year={2018}, month={Dec} }
 @article{haynes-maslow_osborne_pitts_sitaker_byker-shanks_leone_maldonado_mcguirth_andress_bailey-davis_et al._2018, title={Rural corner store owners' perceptions of stocking healthier foods in response to proposed SNAP retailer rule changes}, volume={81}, ISSN={["1873-5657"]}, DOI={10.1016/j.foodpol.2018.10.004}, abstractNote={To better understand rural corner store owners' perceptions about the then proposed U.S. Department of Agriculture's (USDA) Supplemental Nutrition Assistance Program (SNAP) Retailer Rule. We conducted 32 interviews with rural corner store owners across six states in response to USDA's proposed rule. We asked owners about potential barriers to and facilitators of stocking healthier foods. Among the interviews, there were six main themes discussed: (1) SNAP Retailer Rule definition concerns; (2) challenges to implementation; (3) facilitators to implementation; (4) perceptions of SNAP customers; (5) benefits of being a participating retailer in SNAP; and (6) concerns about the threat to the store's economic viability if required to carry additional healthier items in line with the proposed rule. Rural corner stores need help promoting healthier food options, appropriately handling perishable items, finding suppliers that can adhere to their food delivery requirements, and maintaining their SNAP retailer license. Recognizing the implementation challenges of stocking healthier foods for corner stores and presenting feasible solutions to them can improve the likelihood of successful passages of healthy food access policies and programs. Future policies or programs focusing on stocking healthier foods should take into consideration rural corner stores' unique geographic landscape and business practices.}, journal={FOOD POLICY}, author={Haynes-Maslow, Lindsey and Osborne, Isabel and Pitts, Stephanie Jilcott and Sitaker, Marilyn and Byker-Shanks, Carmen and Leone, Lucia and Maldonado, Adriana and McGuirth, Jared and Andress, Lauri and Bailey-Davis, Lisa and et al.}, year={2018}, month={Dec}, pages={58–66} }
 @article{jilcott pitts_wu_truesdale_laska_grinchak_mcguirt_haynes-maslow_bell_ammerman_2017, title={Baseline Assessment of a Healthy Corner Store Initiative: Associations between Food Store Environments, Shopping Patterns, Customer Purchases, and Dietary Intake in Eastern North Carolina}, volume={14}, ISSN={1660-4601}, url={http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph14101189}, DOI={10.3390/ijerph14101189}, abstractNote={In 2016, the North Carolina (NC) Legislature allocated $250,000 to the NC Department of Agriculture, to identify and equip small food retailers to stock healthier foods and beverages in eastern NC food deserts (the NC Healthy Food Small Retailer Program, HFSRP). The purpose of this study was to examine associations between food store environments, shopping patterns, customer purchases, and dietary consumption among corner store customers. We surveyed 479 customers in 16 corner stores regarding demographics, food purchased, shopping patterns, and self-reported fruit, vegetable, and soda consumption. We objectively assessed fruit and vegetable consumption using a non-invasive reflection spectroscopy device to measure skin carotenoids. We examined associations between variables of interest, using Pearson’s correlation coefficients and adjusted linear regression analyses. A majority (66%) of participants were African American, with a mean age of 43 years, and a mean body mass index (BMI) of 30.0 kg/m2. There were no significant associations between the healthfulness of food store offerings, customer purchases, or dietary consumption. Participants who said they had purchased fruits and vegetables at the store previously reported higher produce intake (5.70 (4.29) vs. 4.60 (3.28) servings per day, p = 0.021) versus those who had not previously purchased fresh produce. The NC Legislature has allocated another $250,000 to the HFSRP for the 2018 fiscal year. Thus, evaluation results will be important to inform future healthy corner store policies and initiatives.}, number={10}, journal={International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health}, publisher={MDPI AG}, author={Jilcott Pitts, Stephanie and Wu, Qiang and Truesdale, Kimberly and Laska, Melissa and Grinchak, Taras and McGuirt, Jared and Haynes-Maslow, Lindsey and Bell, Ronny and Ammerman, Alice}, year={2017}, month={Oct}, pages={1189} }
 @article{wass_hofing_goolsby_haynes-maslow_dunn_2017, title={Color Me Healthy for SNAP-Ed Supplemental Toolkit: A Comprehensive Approach to the Social-Ecological Model}, volume={49}, ISSN={1499-4046}, url={http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/J.JNEB.2017.05.263}, DOI={10.1016/J.JNEB.2017.05.263}, abstractNote={To enhance SNAP-Ed direct education messages with support for change on the interpersonal and organizational levels of the Social-Ecological Model (SEM). This project combines the Color Me Healthy for SNAP-Ed direct education program and the Nutrition and Physical Activity Self-Assessment for Child Care (NAP SACC) model, a research-tested intervention, to influence multiple levels of the SEM. North Carolina Extension educators receive training, on-going support, and an all-inclusive kit for direct education program implementation. Child care centers where Color Me Healthy for SNAP-Ed is delivered are engaged through a comprehensive toolkit for policy, systems, and environmental (PSE) change. This includes self-assessment, guided action planning, staff training, connections with local partners, and the provision of resources. Centers receive hands-on support throughout the process, creating personal connections that build trust and allow for greater center buy-in and a high completion rate, currently 82%. Additionally, one-third of centers have participated for at least two years, fostering a long-term relationship. The project encourages short, medium, and long term change on the individual and environmental levels, as defined by the SNAP-Ed Evaluation Framework. Administered twice in each annual cycle, NAP SACC, a reliable, valid, environmental self-assessment tool, was used to measure adoption and promotion of nutrition and physical activity supports, while surveys of parents and teachers captured childrens' behavior change. The comprehensive application of the toolkit combined with direct education creates a multi-component, multi-level intervention that enhances the effectiveness and sustainability of PSE change at early child care centers.}, number={7}, journal={Journal of Nutrition Education and Behavior}, publisher={Elsevier BV}, author={Wass, Jenelle and Hofing, Gretchen and Goolsby, Lindsay and Haynes-Maslow, Lindsey and Dunn, Carolyn}, year={2017}, month={Jul}, pages={S53} }
 @article{haynes-maslow_leone_2017, title={Examining the relationship between the food environment and adult diabetes prevalence by county economic and racial composition: an ecological study}, volume={17}, ISSN={["1471-2458"]}, DOI={10.1186/s12889-017-4658-0}, abstractNote={Inequitable access to healthy food may contribute to health disparities. This study examines the relationship between the prevalence of adult diabetes and food access in the U.S. by county economic/racial composition. An ecological study from 2012 was used to estimate the relationship between diabetes and retail food outlet access. County diabetes prevalence was measured based on individual responses to the Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance Survey question, “Have you ever been told by a doctor that you have diabetes?” If the answer was “yes” individuals were classified as having diabetes. Retail food outlets included grocery stores, supercenters, farmer’s markets, full-service restaurants, fast food restaurants and convenience stores. Counties were categorized as “high-poverty” or “low-poverty”. Counties were categorized as low (< 4.6%), medium (4.6%–31.0%), and high (> 31.0%) percent minority residents. Multiple linear regression models estimated the association between retail food outlets and diabetes, controlling for confounders, and testing for interactions between retail food outlets and county racial composition. Regression models were conditioned on county economic composition. Data were analyzed in 2016. Density of retail foods outlets varied greatly by county economic and racial composition; counties with medium-minority populations had the least access to grocery stores and the highest access to fast food restaurants and convenience stores. Low poverty/low-minority population counties had the greatest access to farmer’s markets and grocery stores. For low poverty/low-minority counties, grocery stores were associated with decreased of diabetes prevalence. Supercenters were associated with an increase in diabetes prevalence for high-poverty/low-minority counties. Only low poverty/medium-minority counties had a statistically significant relationship between farmer’s markets and diabetes prevalence. Fast food restaurants were found to be positively associated with diabetes prevalence in all counties except high poverty/medium-minority. However, only low poverty/low-minority counties had a statistically significant relationship. Across all models, access to full service restaurants were significantly associated with lower prevalence of diabetes. Generally, access to convenience stores were associated with increased diabetes prevalence, except for high poverty/low-minority counties. The food environment is more strongly associated with diabetes prevalence for wealthier counties with a lower proportion of minority residents. This is important given efforts to increase food access in vulnerable communities. Availability of healthier food may not be enough to change health outcomes.}, journal={BMC PUBLIC HEALTH}, author={Haynes-Maslow, Lindsey and Leone, Lucia A.}, year={2017}, month={Aug} }
 @article{allicock_haynes-maslow_johnson_carpenter_vines_belle_phillips_cherry_2017, title={Peer Connect for African American breast cancer survivors and caregivers: a train-the-trainer approach for peer support}, volume={7}, ISSN={["1613-9860"]}, DOI={10.1007/s13142-017-0490-4}, abstractNote={Racial disparities in breast cancer survivorship are a major concern nationally. How survivors cope with cancer and re-frame their lives is a critical part of survivorship. Community-academic research partnerships may facilitate access to much-needed psychosocial support for African American survivors and caregivers in rural areas, but drivers of successful intervention implementation are not well understood. The purpose of this study was to describe the training and evaluation of Community Coaches and Guides (i.e., peer supporters) using the Peer Connect program for African American breast cancer survivors and caregivers. Community engagement strategies were used to implement the training component of Peer Connect, an evidence-based program grounded in the Diffusion of Innovation Theory utilizing motivational interviewing techniques (MI) and a "train-the-trainer" model. Quantitative and qualitative methods examined implementation outcomes of feasibility, MI fidelity, and acceptability—precursor outcomes that must be achieved before examining intervention impact vis-à-vis changes in support care. Training was feasible to implement and replicable by the trained Community Coaches. Beyond feasibility and replicability, success was modest regarding MI fidelity. Benefits (e.g., serving as role models and having safe sources of support) and lessons learned (e.g., need for additional quality control) were identified as both facilitators and barriers to implementation and as factors that could impact the effectiveness of community-engaged programs to improve survivorship outcomes. Peer Connect, like other programs that employ community-engagement strategies, holds promise to meet the psychosocial support needs of diverse rural cancer survivor populations.}, number={3}, journal={TRANSLATIONAL BEHAVIORAL MEDICINE}, author={Allicock, Marlyn and Haynes-Maslow, Lindsey and Johnson, La-Shell and Carpenter, William R. and Vines, Anissa I. and Belle, Denise G. and Phillips, Ray and Cherry, Michele W.}, year={2017}, month={Sep}, pages={495–505} }
 @article{tripicchio_smith_armstrong-brown_mcguirt_haynes-maslow_mardovich_ammerman_leone_2017, title={Recruiting Community Partners for Veggie Van: Strategies and Lessons Learned From a Mobile Market Intervention in North Carolina, 2012-2015}, volume={14}, ISSN={["1545-1151"]}, DOI={10.5888/pcd14.160475}, abstractNote={Background Food access interventions are promising strategies for improving dietary intake, which is associated with better health. However, studies examining the relationship between food access and intake are limited to observational designs, indicating a need for more rigorous approaches. The Veggie Van (VV) program was a cluster-randomized intervention designed to address the gap between food access and intake. In this article, we aim to describe the approaches involved in recruiting community partners to participate in VV. Community Context The VV mobile market aimed to improve access to fresh fruits and vegetables by providing subsidized, high-quality, local produce in low-resource communities in North Carolina. This study describes the strategies and considerations involved in recruiting community partners and individual participants for participation in the VV program and evaluation. Methods To recruit partners, we used various strategies, including a site screener to identify potential partners, interest forms to gauge future VV use and prioritize enrollment of a high-need population, marketing materials to promote VV, site liaisons to coordinate community outreach, and a memorandum of understanding between all invested parties. Outcome A total of 53 community organizations and 725 participants were approached for recruitment. Ultimately, 12 sites and 201 participants were enrolled. Enrollment took 38 months, but our approaches helped successfully recruit a low-income, low-access population. The process took longer than anticipated, and funding constraints prevented certain strategies from being implemented. Interpretation Recruiting community partners and members for participation in a multi-level, community-based intervention was challenging. Strategies and lessons learned can inform future studies.}, journal={PREVENTING CHRONIC DISEASE}, author={Tripicchio, Gina L. and Smith, Jacqueline Grady and Armstrong-Brown, Janelle and McGuirt, Jared and Haynes-Maslow, Lindsey and Mardovich, Sarah and Ammerman, Alice S. and Leone, Lucia}, year={2017}, month={Apr} }
 @article{mulik_haynes-maslow_2017, title={The Affordability of MyPlate: An Analysis of SNAP Benefits and the Actual Cost of Eating According to the Dietary Guidelines}, volume={49}, ISSN={["1878-2620"]}, DOI={10.1016/j.jneb.2017.06.005}, abstractNote={ObjectiveTo estimate the funds required to support a MyPlate diet and to estimate the additional costs needed for Supplemental Nutrition Assistance Program recipients to adhere to the MyPlate diet.DesignUsing the US Department of Agriculture's (USDA's) MyPlate dietary guidelines that specify recommendations for individuals based on age and gender and retail price data from the USDA, the cost of following USDA's MyPlate guidelines for consuming 3 meals daily was estimated for the following individuals: children, adolescents, female adults, male adults, female seniors, male seniors, and a 4-person family.Main Outcome MeasuresCost of consuming a MyPlate diet, including canned, frozen, and fresh produce as part of the diet.AnalysisDescriptive analysis of the cost of consuming a MyPlate diet.ResultsConsuming a MyPlate diet consisting of only fresh fruits and vegetables is the most expensive diet. The monthly additional costs on an individual basis is the largest for boys aged 12–17 years ($75/mo) because they have the largest quantity of food consumed compared with all other gender and age groups. The monthly cost for a family of 4 ranged from $1,109 to $1,249/mo.Conclusions and ImplicationsThe monetary amount of Supplemental Nutrition Assistance Program benefits may be insufficient to support a healthy diet recommended by federal nutrition guidelines.}, number={8}, journal={JOURNAL OF NUTRITION EDUCATION AND BEHAVIOR}, author={Mulik, Kranti and Haynes-Maslow, Lindsey}, year={2017}, month={Sep}, pages={623–631} }
 @article{mulik_haynes-maslow_2017, title={The Affordability of MyPlate: An Analysis of SNAP Benefits and the Actual Cost of Eating According to the Dietary Guidelines}, volume={49}, ISSN={1499-4046}, url={http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/J.JNEB.2017.05.178}, DOI={10.1016/J.JNEB.2017.05.178}, abstractNote={To estimate the funds required to support a MyPlate diet and to estimate the current budgetary shortfall in the SNAP program needed for recipients to adhere to healthier diet. Using USDA’s MyPlate dietary guidelines that specify recommendations for individuals based on age and gender and retail price data from USDA, we estimated the cost of following USDA’s MyPlate guidelines for consuming three meals daily for the following individuals: children, adolescents, female adults, male adults, female seniors, male seniors, and a four-person family. Cost of consuming MyPlate diet, including canned, frozen, and fresh produce as part of diet. Descriptive analysis of cost of consuming MyPlate diet. Consuming a MyPlate diet consisting of only fresh fruits and vegetables is the most expensive. The monthly budgetary shortfall on an individual basis is the largest for boys ages 12-17 ($61/month) and men ages 18-50 ($65/month), since they have the largest quantity of food consumed compared to all other gender and age groups. Families face a budgetary shortfall of $546/month to eat a healthy diet. The monetary amount of SNAP benefits may be insufficient to help support a healthy diet recommended by federal nutrition guidelines.}, number={7}, journal={Journal of Nutrition Education and Behavior}, publisher={Elsevier BV}, author={Mulik, Kranti and Haynes-Maslow, Lindsey}, year={2017}, month={Jul}, pages={S99} }
 @article{haynes-maslow_allicock_johnson_2017, title={Peer support preferences among African-American breast cancer survivors and caregivers}, volume={25}, ISSN={["1433-7339"]}, DOI={10.1007/s00520-016-3550-2}, abstractNote={{"Label"=>"PURPOSE"} Breast cancer mortality rates continue to improve due to advances in cancer control and treatment. However, gains in breast cancer survival rates vary by race. Psychosocial support systems can lead to improved health outcomes among cancer survivors. This study was a part of a larger study exploring the challenges that both African-American cancer survivors and caregivers face across the cancer continuum. The objective of this paper was to explore African-American breast cancer survivors' and caregivers' preferences regarding characteristics and qualities of Peer Connect guides to inform the development of a peer support program. {"Label"=>"METHODS"} Forty-one African-American cancer survivors and caregivers participated in five focus groups lasting approximately 90 min. Participants were asked about what qualities or characteristics they would prefer in a peer support guide to make them feel comfortable talking with them. Focus group transcripts were analyzed using thematic content analysis, an iterative coding process. Themes were identified based on the research team's integrated and unified final codes. {"Label"=>"RESULTS"} Twenty-two cancer survivors, 19 caregivers, and 3 individuals who were both survivors and caregivers participated in the focus groups. Participants discussed five preferences for peer support guides: (1) competency, (2) gender, (3) age, (4) cancer role status, and (5) relationship to participant. {"Label"=>"CONCLUSIONS"} This study highlights cancer survivors' and caregivers' perceptions of characteristics needed for peer support providers that in turn can influence whether and how they participate in cancer support programs.}, number={5}, journal={Supportive Care in Cancer}, author={Haynes-Maslow, L. and Allicock, M. and Johnson, L.}, year={2017}, month={May}, pages={1511–1517} }
 @article{leone_haynes-maslow_ammerman_2017, title={Veggie Van Pilot Study: Impact of a mobile produce market for underserved communities on fruit and vegetable access and intake}, volume={12}, ISSN={["1932-0256"]}, DOI={10.1080/19320248.2016.1175399}, abstractNote={ABSTRACT We conducted a pilot evaluation of the Veggie Van, a mobile produce market that brings weekly boxes of reduced-cost locally grown fruits and vegetables (F&V) to lower-income communities and offers cooking and nutrition education to customers. We conducted surveys just prior to starting Veggie Van at each of 3 sites and again at 2–3 months. F&V intake was measured with a 2-question item and a 10-item food frequency questionnaire (FFQ) in a subset of participants. At baseline, average servings/day of F&V was 4.9 (SD = 2.6, n = 60). At follow-up, individuals who reported shopping at Veggie Van frequently (n = 32) increased their F&V consumption by 0.41 servings/day compared with a decrease of −1.19 for those who rarely/never used Veggie Van (n = 27), a total difference of 1.6 servings/day (P = .01). There were no statistically significant differences in F&V consumption between groups based on the FFQ measure. Frequent shoppers reported additional health improvements and increases in their ability to buy enough F&V. We conclude that offering weekly boxes of affordable F&V paired with education in underserved communities may improve F&V consumption for frequent program users.}, number={1}, journal={Journal of Hunger and Environmental Nutrition}, author={Leone, L.A. and Haynes-Maslow, L. and Ammerman, A.}, year={2017}, pages={89–100} }
 @article{haynes-maslow_allicock_johnson_2016, title={Cancer support needs for African American breast cancer survivors and caregivers}, volume={31}, ISSN={0885-8195 1543-0154}, url={http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s13187-015-0832-1}, DOI={10.1007/s13187-015-0832-1}, abstractNote={Improved cancer screening and treatment advances have led to higher cancer survival rates in the United States. However, racial disparities in breast cancer survival persist for African American women who experience lower survival rates than white women. These disparities suggest that unmet needs related to survivorship still exist. This study focuses on the challenges that both African American cancer survivors and caregivers face across the cancer continuum. Five African American focus groups examined cancer survivor and caregiver support needs. Focus groups were recorded, transcribed, and uploaded into Atlas.ti. Thematic content analysis was applied to the text during the coding process. Themes were identified and emphasized based on the research team's integrated and unified final codes. Forty-one African Americans participated in five focus groups: 22 cancer survivors and 19 caregivers. Participants discussed five themes: (1) a culture that discourages the discussion of cancer; (2) lack of support services for African American cancer survivors; (3) lack of support services for cancer caregivers; (4) need for culturally appropriate cancer resources, including resources targeted at African American women; and (5) aspects that were helpful to cancer survivors and caregivers, including connecting with other survivors and caregivers, and having strong social support networks. We gained new insight into the unmet support needs for survivors and caregivers, especially when coping with the cancer experience continuum. While some cancer and caregiver support services exist, our study reveals a great need for services that incorporate the cultural differences that exist across races.}, number={1}, journal={Journal of Cancer Education}, publisher={Springer Science and Business Media LLC}, author={Haynes-Maslow, Lindsey and Allicock, Marlyn and Johnson, L.S.}, year={2016}, pages={166–171} }
 @article{o'hara_haynes-maslow_2015, title={Examining the Association Between School Vending Machines and Children's Body Mass Index by Socioeconomic Status}, volume={47}, ISSN={1499-4046}, url={http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jneb.2015.08.001}, DOI={10.1016/j.jneb.2015.08.001}, abstractNote={To examine the association between vending machine availability in schools and body mass index (BMI) among subgroups of children based on gender, race/ethnicity, and socioeconomic status classifications.First-difference multivariate regressions were estimated using longitudinal fifth- and eighth-grade data from the Early Childhood Longitudinal Study. The specifications were disaggregated by gender, race/ethnicity, and family socioeconomic status classifications.Vending machine availability had a positive association (P < .10) with BMI among Hispanic male children and low-income Hispanic children. Living in an urban location (P < .05) and hours watching television (P < .05) were also positively associated with BMI for these subgroups. Supplemental Nutrition Assistance Program enrollment was negatively associated with BMI for low-income Hispanic students (P < .05). These findings were not statistically significant when using Bonferroni adjusted critical values.The results suggest that the school food environment could reinforce health disparities that exist for Hispanic male children and low-income Hispanic children.}, number={6}, journal={Journal of Nutrition Education and Behavior}, publisher={Elsevier BV}, author={O'Hara, Jeffrey K. and Haynes-Maslow, Lindsey}, year={2015}, month={Nov}, pages={526–531.e1} }
 @article{haynes-maslow_auvergne_mark_ammerman_weiner_2015, title={Low-Income Individuals’ Perceptions About Fruit and Vegetable Access Programs: A Qualitative Study}, volume={47}, ISSN={1499-4046}, url={http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jneb.2015.03.005}, DOI={10.1016/j.jneb.2015.03.005}, abstractNote={Objective To examine how fruit and vegetable (FV) programs address barriers to FV access and consumption as perceived by low-income individuals. Design From 2011 to 2012, the researchers used 13 focus groups to better understand low-income individuals' perceptions about FV programs. Setting Five North Carolina counties at community-serving organizations. Participants Low-income participants aged ≥ 18 years were included in the study. A majority were African American women with a high school education or less, and received government assistance. Phenomenon of Interest Low-income individuals' perceptions about how FV access programs can reduce barriers and increase consumption. Analysis A socio-ecological framework guided data analysis, and 2 trained researchers coded transcripts, identified major themes, and summarized findings. Results A total of 105 participants discussed how mobile markets could overcome barriers such as availability, convenience, transportation, and quality/variety. Some were worried about safety in higher-crime communities. Participants' opinions about how successful food assistance programs were at overcoming cost barriers were mixed. Participants agreed that community gardens could increase access to affordable, conveniently located produce but worried about feasibility and implementation issues. Implications for Research and Practice Addressing access barriers through FV programs could improve consumption. Programs have the potential to be successful if they address multiple access barriers.}, number={4}, journal={Journal of Nutrition Education and Behavior}, publisher={Elsevier BV}, author={Haynes-Maslow, Lindsey and Auvergne, Lauriane and Mark, Barbara and Ammerman, Alice and Weiner, Bryan J.}, year={2015}, month={Jul}, pages={317–324.e1} }
 @article{jolles_haynes-maslow_roberts_dusetzina_2015, title={Mental Health Service Use for Adult Patients With Co-occurring Depression and Physical Chronic Health Care Needs, 2007–2010}, volume={53}, ISSN={0025-7079}, url={http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/mlr.0000000000000389}, DOI={10.1097/mlr.0000000000000389}, abstractNote={Background:Individuals with mental illness experience poor health and may die prematurely from chronic illness. Understanding whether the presence of co-occurring chronic physical health conditions complicates mental health treatment is important, particularly among patients seeking treatment in primary care settings. Objectives:Examine (1) whether the presence of chronic physical conditions is associated with mental health service use for individuals with depression who visit a primary care physician, and (2) whether race modifies this relationship. Research Design:Secondary analysis of the National Ambulatory Medical Care Survey, a survey of patient-visits collected annually from a random sample of 3000 physicians in office-based settings. Subjects:Office visits from 2007 to 2010 were pooled for adults aged 35–85 with a depression diagnosis at the time of visit (N=3659 visits). Measures:Mental health services were measured using a dichotomous variable indicating whether mental health services were provided during the office visit or a referral made for: (1) counseling, including psychotherapy and other mental health counseling and/or (2) prescribing of psychotropic medications. Results:Most patient office visits (70%) where a depression diagnosis was recorded also had co-occurring chronic physical conditions recorded. The presence of at least 1 physical chronic condition was associated with a 6% decrease in the probability of receiving any mental health services (P<0.05). There were no differences in service use by race/ethnicity after controlling for other factors. Conclusions:Additional research is needed on medical care delivery among patients with co-occurring health conditions, particularly as the health care system moves toward an integrated care model.}, number={8}, journal={Medical Care}, publisher={Ovid Technologies (Wolters Kluwer Health)}, author={Jolles, Mónica Pérez and Haynes-Maslow, Lindsey and Roberts, Megan C. and Dusetzina, Stacie B.}, year={2015}, month={Aug}, pages={708–712} }
 @article{haynes-maslow_salvador_2015, title={The food system should unite us, not divide us}, volume={5}, number={4}, journal={Journal of Agriculture, Food Systems, and Community Development}, author={Haynes-Maslow, L. and Salvador, R.J.}, year={2015}, pages={105–108} }
 @article{haynes-maslow_godley_dimartino_white_odom_richmond_carpenter_2014, title={African American women's perceptions of cancer clinical trials}, volume={3}, ISSN={2045-7634}, url={http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/cam4.284}, DOI={10.1002/cam4.284}, abstractNote={AbstractCancer clinical trials are important for resolving cancer health disparities for several reasons; however, clinical trial participation among African Americans is significantly lower than Caucasians. This study engaged focus groups of 82 female African American cancer survivors or cancer caregivers, including those in better resourced, more urban areas and less resourced, more rural areas. Informed by an integrated conceptual model, the focus groups examined perceptions of cancer clinical trials and identified leverage points that future interventions may use to improve enrollment rates. Study findings highlight variation in community knowledge regarding cancer clinical trials, and the importance of community education regarding clinical trials and overcoming historical stigma associated with clinical research specifically and the health care system more generally. Study participants commented on the centrality of churches in their communities, and thus the promise of the church as loci of such education. Findings also suggested the value of informed community leaders as community information sources, including community members who have a previous diagnosis of cancer and clinical trial experience. The sample size and location of the focus groups may limit the generalizability of the results. Since the women in the focus groups were either cancer survivors or caregivers, they may have different experiences than nonparticipants who lack the close connection with cancer. Trust in the health system and in one's physician was seen as important factors associated with patient willingness to enroll in clinical trials, and participants suggested that physicians who were compassionate and who engaged and educated their patients would build important trust requisite for patient participation in clinical trials.}, number={5}, journal={Cancer Medicine}, publisher={Wiley}, author={Haynes-Maslow, Lindsey and Godley, Paul and Dimartino, Lisa and White, Brandolyn and Odom, Janice and Richmond, Alan and Carpenter, William}, year={2014}, month={Jun}, pages={1430–1439} }
 @article{shea_haynes-maslow_mcintyre_weiner_wheeler_jacobs_mayer_young_shea_2014, title={Assessing the Feasibility of a Virtual Tumor Board Program: A Case Study}, volume={59}, ISSN={1096-9012}, url={http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/00115514-201405000-00005}, DOI={10.1097/00115514-201405000-00005}, abstractNote={EXECUTIVE SUMMARY Multidisciplinary tumor boards involve various providers (e.g., oncology physicians, nurses) in patient care. Although many community hospitals have local tumor boards that review all types of cases, numerous providers, particularly in rural areas and smaller institutions, still lack access to tumor boards specializing in a particular type of cancer (e.g., hematologic). Videoconferencing technology can connect providers across geographic locations and institutions; however, virtual tumor board (VTB) programs using this technology are uncommon. In this study, we evaluated the feasibility of a new VTB program at the University of North Carolina (UNC) Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center, which connects community‐based clinicians to UNC tumor boards representing different cancer types. Methods included observations, interviews, and surveys. Our findings suggest that participants were generally satisfied with the VTB. Cases presented to the VTB were appropriate, sufficient information was available for discussion, and technology problems were uncommon. UNC clinicians viewed the VTB as a service to patients and colleagues and an opportunity for clinical trial recruitment. Community‐based clinicians presenting at VTBs valued the discussion, even if it simply confirmed their original treatment plan or did not yield consensus recommendations. Barriers to participation for community‐based clinicians included timing of the VTB and lack of reimbursement. To maximize benefits of the VTB, these barriers should be addressed, scheduling and preparation processes optimized, and appropriate measures for evaluating impact identified.}, number={3}, journal={Journal of Healthcare Management}, publisher={Ovid Technologies (Wolters Kluwer Health)}, author={Shea, Christopher M. and Haynes-Maslow, Lindsey and McIntyre, Molly and Weiner, Bryan J. and Wheeler, Stephanie B. and Jacobs, Sara R. and Mayer, Deborah K. and Young, Michael and Shea, Thomas C.}, year={2014}, month={May}, pages={177–193} }
 @article{haynes-maslow_schramm_mark_ammerman_silberman_2014, title={Stakeholder arguments in access to healthy food state-level legislation in newspapers and bill hearings, 2010-2012}, volume={5}, number={1}, journal={Journal of Science Policy and Governance}, author={Haynes-Maslow, L. and Schramm, D. and Mark, B. and Ammerman, A. and Silberman, P.}, year={2014} }
 @article{allicock_haynes-maslow_carr_orr_kahwati_weiner_kinsinger_2013, title={Training Veterans to Provide Peer Support in a Weight-Management Program: MOVE!}, volume={10}, ISSN={1545-1151}, url={http://dx.doi.org/10.5888/pcd10.130084}, DOI={10.5888/pcd10.130084}, abstractNote={Introduction The Veterans Health Administration (VHA) has implemented MOVE!, a weight-management program for veterans designed to address the increasing proportion of overweight and obese veterans. The objective of our study was to determine whether peer support employing motivational interviewing (MI) could positively influence lifestyle changes, thus expanding the reach of the MOVE! program. We describe the initial evaluation of the peer training program. Methods We developed an MI peer counselor training program for volunteer veterans, the “Buddies” program, to provide one-on-one telephone support for veterans enrolled in MOVE!. Buddies were recruited at 5 VHA sites and trained to provide peer support for the 6-month MOVE! intervention. We used a DVD to teach MI skills and followed with 2 to 3 booster sessions. We observed training, conducted pre- and posttraining surveys, and debriefed focus groups to assess training feasibility. Results Fifty-six Buddies were trained. Results indicate positive receipt of the program (89% reported learning about peer counseling and 87% reported learning communication skills). Buddies showed a small improvement in MI self-efficacy on posttraining surveys. We also identified key challenges to learning MI and training implementation. Conclusions MI training is feasible to implement and acceptable to volunteer Buddies. Trainers must assess how effectively volunteers learn MI skills in order to enhance its effective use in health promotion.}, journal={Preventing Chronic Disease}, publisher={Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC)}, author={Allicock, Marlyn and Haynes-Maslow, Lindsey and Carr, Carol and Orr, Melinda and Kahwati, Leila C. and Weiner, Bryan J. and Kinsinger, Linda}, year={2013}, month={Nov} }
 @article{haynes-maslow_parsons_wheeler_leone_2013, title={Understanding barriers to fruit and vegetable consumption among low-income individuals: A Qualitative Study}, volume={10}, journal={Preventing Chronic Disease}, author={Haynes-Maslow, L. and Parsons, S.E. and Wheeler, S.B. and Leone, L.A.}, year={2013}, pages={1202–1206} }
 @article{burns_auvergne_haynes-maslow_liles_perrin_steiner_2011, title={A Qualitative Analysis of Career Transitions Made by Internal Medicine–Pediatrics Residency Training Graduates}, volume={72}, number={3}, journal={North Carolina Medical Journal}, author={Burns, H. and Auvergne, L. and Haynes-Maslow, L. and Liles, E.A. and Perrin, E.M. and Steiner, M.J.}, year={2011}, pages={191–195} }
 @article{weiner_haynes-maslow_kahwati_kinsinger_campbell_2011, title={Implementing the MOVE! Weight-Management Program in the Veterans Health Administration, 2007-2010: A Qualitative Study}, volume={12}, ISSN={1545-1151}, url={http://dx.doi.org/10.5888/pcd9.110127}, DOI={10.5888/pcd9.110127}, abstractNote={Introduction One-third of US veterans receiving care at Veterans Health Administration (VHA) medical facilities are obese and, therefore, at higher risk for developing multiple chronic diseases. To address this problem, the VHA designed and nationally disseminated an evidence-based weight-management program (MOVE!). The objective of this study was to examine the organizational factors that aided or inhibited the implementation of MOVE! in 10 VHA medical facilities. Methods Using a multiple, holistic case study design, we conducted 68 interviews with medical center program coordinators, physicians formally appointed as program champions, managers directly responsible for overseeing the program, clinicians from the program's multidisciplinary team, and primary care physicians identified by program coordinators as local opinion leaders. Qualitative data analysis involved coding, memorandum writing, and construction of data displays. Results Organizational readiness for change and having an innovation champion were most consistently the 2 factors associated with MOVE! implementation. Other organizational factors, such as management support and resource availability, were barriers to implementation or exerted mixed effects on implementation. Barriers did not prevent facilities from implementing MOVE! However, they were obstacles that had to be overcome, worked around, or accepted as limits on the program's scope or scale. Conclusion Policy-directed implementation of clinical weight-management programs in health care facilities is challenging, especially when no new resources are available. Instituting powerful, mutually reinforcing organizational policies and practices may be necessary for consistent, high-quality implementation.}, journal={Preventing Chronic Disease}, publisher={Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC)}, author={Weiner, BJ and Haynes-Maslow, L and Kahwati, LC and Kinsinger, LS and Campbell, MK}, year={2011}, month={Dec} }
 @article{wells_chuang_haynes_lee_bai_2011, title={Child welfare agency ties to providers and schools and substance abuse treatment use by adolescents}, volume={40}, ISSN={0740-5472}, url={http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jsat.2010.08.004}, DOI={10.1016/j.jsat.2010.08.004}, abstractNote={Policy makers and advocates are increasingly encouraging child-serving organizations to work together. This study examined how child welfare agency ties with substance abuse treatment providers and schools correlated with substance abuse treatment for adolescents receiving child protective services. A sample of adolescents with substance use risk was extracted from a national survey of families engaged with child welfare. Logistic regressions with adjustments for complex survey design used child welfare agency ties to substance abuse treatment providers and schools to predict treatment. As expected, adolescents were more likely to report treatment when child protective services and substance abuse treatment were in the same agency and when child welfare agency directors reported joint planning with schools. However, child welfare agency agreements with substance abuse treatment providers were negatively associated with treatment. This unexpected finding implies that agencies may sometimes cooperate to address problems and to improve service utilization.}, number={1}, journal={Journal of Substance Abuse Treatment}, publisher={Elsevier BV}, author={Wells, Rebecca and Chuang, Emmeline and Haynes, Lindsey E. and Lee, I-Heng and Bai, Yu}, year={2011}, month={Jan}, pages={26–34} }
 @article{zelman_haynes_pink_hyunh_beadles_2009, title={Growth and development of the balances scorecard in the United States}, volume={6}, number={1}, journal={Journal of Health Care Balanced Scorecard Research}, author={Zelman, W.N. and Haynes, L.E. and Pink, G. and Hyunh, T.T. and Beadles, C.}, year={2009}, month={Dec}, pages={144–159} }