@article{barrios_garland_leib_hubbe_2023, title={Mechanistic aspects of nanocellulose–cationic starch–colloidal silica systems for papermaking}, volume={22}, ISSN={0734-1415}, url={http://dx.doi.org/10.32964/tj22.2.107}, DOI={10.32964/TJ22.2.107}, abstractNote={Optimization of a chemical additive program for a paper machine can require attention to both colloidal charges and kinetic effects. This work considered an additive program with two negatively charged substances (nanofibrillated cellulose [NFC] and colloidal silica) and two positively charged items (cationic starch and cationic acrylamide copolymer retention aid). Results were shown to depend on charge interactions; however, that clearly was not the whole story. Some findings related to cationic demand, dewatering, fine-particle retention, and flocculation among fibers were best explained in terms of at least partly irreversible complexation interactions between the charged entities. Adjustments in ratios between oppositely charged additives, their sequences of addition, and effects of hydrodynamic shear levels all affected the results. In general, the most promising results were obtained at a cationic starch level of 0.25% to 0.5% based on sheet solids in systems where the cationic starch was used as a pretreatment for NFC.}, number={2}, journal={TAPPI Journal}, publisher={TAPPI}, author={Barrios, Nelson and Garland, Larden and Leib, Brandon and Hubbe, Martin}, year={2023}, month={Mar}, pages={107–115} }
 @article{garland_leib_barrios_hubbe_2022, title={Nanocellulose-cationic starch-colloidal silica systems for papermaking: Effects on process and paper properties}, volume={21}, ISSN={["0734-1415"]}, DOI={10.32964/TJ21.10.563}, abstractNote={Laboratory tests were conducted to better understand effects on the papermaking process and handsheets when recycled copy paper furnish was treated with combinations of nanofibrillated cellulose (NFC), cat-ionic starch, colloidal silica, and cationic retention aid (cPAM; cationic polyacrylamide). Dosage-response experiments helped to define conditions leading to favorable processing outcomes, including dewatering rates and the efficiency of fine-particle retention during papermaking. Effects were found to depend on the addition amounts of cationic starch and colloidal silica added to the system. It was shown that the presence of a polymer additive such as cationic starch was essential in order to achieve large strength gains with simultaneous usage of NFC.}, number={10}, journal={TAPPI Journal}, author={Garland, L.J. and Leib, B.D. and Barrios, N.A. and Hubbe, M.A.}, year={2022}, pages={563–570} }