@article{li_guo_ji_lin_xu_liang_zhang_toprakci_hu_alcoutlabi_et al._2013, title={Structure control and performance improvement of carbon nanofibers containing a dispersion of silicon nanoparticles for energy storage}, volume={51}, ISSN={["1873-3891"]}, url={https://publons.com/publon/674384/}, DOI={10.1016/j.carbon.2012.08.027}, abstractNote={Si/C composite nanofibers were prepared by electrospinning and carbonization using polyacrylonitrile (PAN) as the spinning medium and carbon precursor. The nanofibers were used as lithium-ion battery anodes to combine the advantages of carbon (long cycle life) and silicon (high storage capacity) materials. The effects of Si particle size, Si content, and carbonization temperature on the structure and electrochemical performance of the anodes were investigated. Results show that anodes made from a 15 wt.% Si/PAN precursor with a Si particle size of 30–50 nm and carbonization temperature of 800 °C exhibit the best performance in terms of high capacity and stable cycling behavior. It is demonstrated that with careful structure control, Si/C composite nanofiber anodes are a promising material for next-generation lithium-ion batteries.}, journal={CARBON}, author={Li, Ying and Guo, Bingkun and Ji, Liwen and Lin, Zhan and Xu, Guanjie and Liang, Yinzheng and Zhang, Shu and Toprakci, Ozan and Hu, Yi and Alcoutlabi, Mataz and et al.}, year={2013}, month={Jan}, pages={185–194} }
 @article{toprakci_toprakci_li_ji_xue_lee_zhang_zhang_2013, title={Synthesis and characterization of xLi(2)MnO(3) center dot (1-x)LiMn1/3Ni1/3Co1/3O2 composite cathode materials for rechargeable lithium-ion batteries}, volume={241}, ISSN={["0378-7753"]}, url={https://publons.com/publon/674386/}, DOI={10.1016/j.jpowsour.2013.04.155}, abstractNote={Various xLi2MnO3·(1 − x)LiCo1/3Ni1/3Mn1/3O2 (x = 0.1, 0.2, 0.3, 0.4, and 0.5) cathode materials were prepared by the one-step sol–gel route. The structure of xLi2MnO3·(1 − x)LiCo1/3Ni1/3Mn1/3O2 composites was determined by X-ray diffraction analysis. The surface morphology and microstructure of xLi2MnO3·(1 − x)LiCo1/3Ni1/3Mn1/3O2 composites were characterized using scanning electron microscopy and transmission electron microscopy. Electrochemical performance of xLi2MnO3·(1 − x)LiCo1/3Ni1/3Mn1/3O2 composites was evaluated in terms of capacity, cycling performance and rate capability. Although the morphology and structure were found to be affected by the Li2MnO3 content, all composites showed an α-NaFeO2 structure with R3m space group. Electrochemical results showed that cells using 0.3Li2MnO3·0.7LiCo1/3Ni1/3Mn1/3O2 composites had good performance, in terms of large reversible capacity, prolonged cycling stability, and excellent rate capability.}, journal={JOURNAL OF POWER SOURCES}, publisher={Elsevier BV}, author={Toprakci, Ozan and Toprakci, Hatice A. K. and Li, Ying and Ji, Liwen and Xue, Leigang and Lee, Hun and Zhang, Shu and Zhang, Xiangwu}, year={2013}, month={Nov}, pages={522–528} }
 @article{toprakci_toprakci_ji_xu_lin_zhang_2012, title={Carbon Nanotube-Loaded Electrospun LiFePO4/Carbon Composite Nanofibers As Stable and Binder-Free Cathodes for Rechargeable Lithium-Ion Batteries}, volume={4}, ISSN={["1944-8252"]}, url={https://publons.com/publon/674388/}, DOI={10.1021/am201527r}, abstractNote={LiFePO(4)/CNT/C composite nanofibers were synthesized by using a combination of electrospinning and sol-gel techniques. Polyacrylonitrile (PAN) was used as the electrospinning media and carbon source. Functionalized CNTs were used to increase the conductivity of the composite. LiFePO(4) precursor materials, PAN and functionalized CNTs were dissolved or dispersed in N,N-dimethylformamide separately and they were mixed before electrospinning. LiFePO(4) precursor/CNT/PAN composite nanofibers were then heat-treated to obtain LiFePO(4)/CNT/C composite nanofibers. Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy measurements were done to demonstrate the functionalization of CNTs. The structure of LiFePO(4)/CNT/C composite nanofibers was determined by X-ray diffraction analysis. The surface morphology and microstructure of LiFePO(4)/CNT/C composite nanofibers were characterized using scanning electron microscopy and transmission electron microscopy. Electrochemical performance of LiFePO(4)/CNT/C composite nanofibers was evaluated in coin-type cells. Functionalized CNTs were found to be well-dispersed in the carbonaceous matrix and increased the electrochemical performance of the composite nanofibers. As a result, cells using LiFePO(4)/CNT/C composite nanofibers have good performance, in terms of large capacity, extended cycle life, and good rate capability.}, number={3}, journal={ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES}, author={Toprakci, Ozan and Toprakci, Hatice A. K. and Ji, Liwen and Xu, Guanjie and Lin, Zhan and Zhang, Xiangwu}, year={2012}, month={Mar}, pages={1273–1280} }
 @article{zhang_ji_lin_li_shao_fan_2012, title={Designing Energy-Storage Devices from Textile Materials}, volume={441}, ISBN={["978-3-03785-343-6"]}, ISSN={["1022-6680"]}, url={https://publons.com/publon/6540103/}, DOI={10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.441.231}, abstractNote={Research and development in textiles have gone beyond the conventional applications as clothing and furnishing materials; for example, the convergence of textiles, nanotechnologies, and energy science opens up the opportunity to take on one of the major challenges in the 21st century energy. This presentation addresses the development of high-energy lithium-ion batteries using electrospun nanofibers.}, journal={ECO-DYEING, FINISHING AND GREEN CHEMISTRY}, author={Zhang, Xiangwu and Ji, Liwen and Lin, Zhan and Li, Ying and Shao, JH and Fan, QG}, year={2012}, pages={231–234} }
 @article{ji_lin_alcoutlabi_toprakci_yao_xu_li_zhang_2012, title={Electrospun carbon nanofibers decorated with various amounts of electrochemically-inert nickel nanoparticles for use as high-performance energy storage materials}, volume={2}, ISSN={["2046-2069"]}, url={https://publons.com/publon/674391/}, DOI={10.1039/c1ra00676b}, abstractNote={Carbon nanofibers decorated with various amounts of electrochemically-inert metallic nickel nanoparticles are synthesized through electrospinning and carbonization processes. The morphology and composition of Ni nanoparticles in carbon nanofibers are controlled by preparing different nanofiber precursors. The lithium-ion battery performance evaluations indicated that the content of electrochemically-inert Ni nanoparticles in carbon nanofibers has a great influence on the final electrochemical performance. For example, at certain Ni contents, these composite nanofibers display excellent electrochemical performance, such as high reversible capacities, good capacity retention, and excellent rate performance, when directly used as binder-free anodes for rechargeable lithium-ion batteries. However, when the Ni content is too low or too high, the corresponding electrodes show low reversible capacities although they still have good reversibility and rate performance.}, number={1}, journal={RSC ADVANCES}, author={Ji, Liwen and Lin, Zhan and Alcoutlabi, Mataz and Toprakci, Ozan and Yao, Yingfang and Xu, Guanjie and Li, Shuli and Zhang, Xiangwu}, year={2012}, pages={192–198} }
 @article{toprakci_toprakci_ji_lin_gu_zhang_2012, title={LiFePO4 nanoparticles encapsulated in graphene-containing carbon nanofibers for use as energy storage materials}, volume={4}, ISSN={["1941-7012"]}, url={https://publons.com/publon/674392/}, DOI={10.1063/1.3690936}, abstractNote={LiFePO4/graphene/C composite nanofibers, in which LiFePO4 nanoparticles were encapsulated in graphene-containing carbon nanofiber matrix, were synthesized by using a combination of electrospinning and sol-gel techniques. Polyacrylonitrile (PAN) was used as the electrospinning media and the carbon source. Graphene was incorporated in order to increase the conductivity of the composite. PAN was dissolved in N,N–dimethylformamide (DMF). LiFePO4 precursor and graphene were dispersed in DMF separately and were mixed with PAN solution before electrospinning. Electrospun fibers were heat-treated to obtain LiFePO4/graphene/C composite nanofibers. The structure of LiFePO4/graphene/C composite nanofibers was determined by X–ray diffraction analysis. The surface morphology and microstructure of LiFePO4/graphene/C composite nanofibers were characterized using scanning electron microscopy and transmission electron microscopy. Electrochemical performance of LiFePO4/graphene/C composite nanofibers was evaluated in coin-type cells. Graphene flakes were found to be well-dispersed in the carbonaceous matrix and increased the electrochemical performance of the composite nanofibers. As a result, cells containing LiFePO4/graphene/C composite nanofiber cathodes showed good electrochemical performance, in terms of capacity, cycle life, and rate capability.}, number={1}, journal={JOURNAL OF RENEWABLE AND SUSTAINABLE ENERGY}, author={Toprakci, Ozan and Toprakci, Hatice A. K. and Ji, Liwen and Lin, Zhan and Gu, Renpeng and Zhang, Xiangwu}, year={2012}, month={Jan} }
 @article{ji_toprakci_alcoutlabi_yao_li_zhang_guo_lin_zhang_2012, title={alpha-Fe2O3 Nanoparticle-Loaded Carbon Nanofibers as Stable and High-Capacity Anodes for Rechargeable Lithium-Ion Batteries}, volume={4}, ISSN={["1944-8244"]}, url={https://publons.com/publon/674393/}, DOI={10.1021/am300333s}, abstractNote={α-Fe(2)O(3) nanoparticle-loaded carbon nanofiber composites were fabricated via electrospinning FeCl(3)·6H(2)O salt-polyacrylonitrile precursors in N,N-dimethylformamide solvent and the subsequent carbonization in inert gas. Scanning electron microscopy, transmission electron microscopy, energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, X-ray diffraction, and elemental analysis were used to study the morphology and composition of α-Fe(2)O(3)-carbon nanofiber composites. It was indicated that α-Fe(2)O(3) nanoparticles with an average size of about 20 nm have a homogeneous dispersion along the carbon nanofiber surface. The resultant α-Fe(2)O(3)-carbon nanofiber composites were used directly as the anode material in rechargeable lithium half cells, and their electrochemical performance was evaluated. The results indicated that these α-Fe(2)O(3)-carbon nanofiber composites have high reversible capacity, good capacity retention, and acceptable rate capability when used as anode materials for rechargeable lithium-ion batteries.}, number={5}, journal={ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES}, publisher={American Chemical Society (ACS)}, author={Ji, Liwen and Toprakci, Ozan and Alcoutlabi, Mataz and Yao, Yingfang and Li, Ying and Zhang, Shu and Guo, Bingkun and Lin, Zhan and Zhang, Xiangwu}, year={2012}, month={May}, pages={2672–2679} }
 @article{lin_ji_medford_shi_krause_zhang_2011, title={Electrocatalytic interaction of nano-engineered palladium on carbon nanofibers with hydrogen peroxide and beta-NADH}, volume={15}, ISSN={["1432-8488"]}, url={https://publons.com/publon/3117879/}, DOI={10.1007/s10008-010-1218-2}, number={6}, journal={JOURNAL OF SOLID STATE ELECTROCHEMISTRY}, author={Lin, Zhan and Ji, Liwen and Medford, Andrew J. and Shi, Quan and Krause, Wendy E. and Zhang, Xiangwu}, year={2011}, month={Jun}, pages={1287–1294} }
 @article{bonino_ji_lin_toprakci_zhang_khan_2011, title={Electrospun Carbon-Tin Oxide Composite Nanofibers for Use as Lithium Ion Battery Anodes}, volume={3}, ISSN={["1944-8252"]}, url={https://publons.com/publon/674395/}, DOI={10.1021/am2004015}, abstractNote={Composite carbon-tin oxide (C-SnO(2)) nanofibers are prepared by two methods and evaluated as anodes in lithium-ion battery half cells. Such an approach complements the long cycle life of carbon with the high lithium storage capacity of tin oxide. In addition, the high surface-to-volume ratio of the nanofibers improves the accessibility for lithium intercalation as compared to graphite-based anodes, while eliminating the need for binders or conductive additives. The composite nanofibrous anodes have first discharge capacities of 788 mAh g(-1) at 50 mA g(-1) current density, which are greater than pure carbon nanofiber anodes, as well as the theoretical capacity of graphite (372 mAh g(-1)), the traditional anode material. In the first protocol to fabricate the C-SnO(2) composites, tin sulfate is directly incorporated within polyacrylonitrile (PAN) nanofibers by electrospinning. During a thermal treatment the tin salt is converted to tin oxide and the polymer is carbonized, yielding carbon-SnO(2) nanofibers. In the second approach, we soak the nanofiber mats in tin sulfate solutions prior to the final thermal treatment, thereby loading the outer surfaces with SnO(2) nanoparticles and raising the tin content from 1.9 to 8.6 wt %. Energy-dispersive spectroscopy and X-ray diffraction analyses confirm the formation of conversion of tin sulfate to tin oxide. Furthermore, analysis with Raman spectroscopy reveals that the additional salt soak treatment from the second fabrication approach increases in the disorder of the carbon structure, as compared to the first approach. We also discuss the performance of our C-SnO(2) compared with its theoretical capacity and other nanofiber electrode composites previously reported in the literature.}, number={7}, journal={ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES}, author={Bonino, Christopher A. and Ji, Liwen and Lin, Zhan and Toprakci, Ozan and Zhang, Xiangwu and Khan, Saad A.}, year={2011}, month={Jul}, pages={2534–2542} }
 @article{guo_li_yao_lin_ji_xu_liang_shi_zhang_2011, title={Electrospun Li4Ti5O12/C composites for lithium-ion batteries with high rate performance}, volume={204}, ISSN={["1872-7689"]}, url={https://publons.com/publon/3117890/}, DOI={10.1016/j.ssi.2011.10.019}, abstractNote={Two types of Li4Ti5O12/C composites were synthesized through the electrospinning method. The first composite consists of Li4Ti5O12 nanoparticles and aggregates coated by carbon and connected by carbon nanofibers. The second composite is constructed solely by Li4Ti5O12/C fibers. These two composites are denoted as Li4Ti5O12/C particles/fibers and Li4Ti5O12/C fibers, respectively. It is found that both composites show higher reversible capacities and better rate performance than commercial Li4Ti5O12 nanoparticles. Comparing the two electrospun composites, Li4Ti5O12/C fibers exhibit higher reversible capacity, greater rate capacity, and smaller electrode polarization, indicating that Li4Ti5O12/C fibers have better kinetics than Li4Ti5O12/C particles/fibers due to the elimination of Li4Ti5O12 aggregates and the formation of carbon-based fiber structure.}, journal={SOLID STATE IONICS}, author={Guo, Bingkun and Li, Ying and Yao, Yingfang and Lin, Zhan and Ji, Liwen and Xu, Guangjie and Liang, Yinzheng and Shi, Quan and Zhang, Xiangwu}, year={2011}, month={Dec}, pages={61–65} }
 @misc{zhang_ji_toprakci_liang_alcoutlabi_2011, title={Electrospun Nanofiber-Based Anodes, Cathodes, and Separators for Advanced Lithium-Ion Batteries}, volume={51}, ISSN={["1558-3716"]}, url={https://publons.com/publon/674396/}, DOI={10.1080/15583724.2011.593390}, abstractNote={Novel nanofiber technologies present the opportunity to design new materials for advanced rechargeable lithium-ion batteries. Among the various existing energy storage technologies, rechargeable lithium-ion batteries are considered as effective solution to the increasing need for high-energy electrochemical power sources. This review addresses using electrospinning technology to develop novel composite nanofibers which can be used as anodes, cathodes, and separators for lithium-ion batteries. The discussion focuses on the preparation, structure, and performance of silicon/carbon (Si/C) nanofiber anodes, lithium iron phosphate/carbon (LiFePO4/C) nanofiber cathodes, and lithium lanthanum titanate oxide/polyacrylonitrile (LLTO/PAN) nanofiber separators. Si/C nanofiber anodes have the advantages of both carbon (long cycle life) and Si (high lithium-storage capacity). LiFePO4/C nanofiber cathodes show good electrochemical performance including satisfactory capacity and good cycling stability. LLTO/PAN nanofiber separators have large electrolyte uptake, high ionic conductivity, and low interfacial resistance with lithium, which increase the capacity and improve the cycling stability of lithium-ion cells. These results demonstrate that electrospinning is a promising approach to prepare high-performance nanofiber anodes, nanofiber cathodes, and nanofiber separators that can potentially replace currently-used lithium-ion battery materials.}, number={3}, journal={POLYMER REVIEWS}, author={Zhang, Xiangwu and Ji, Liwen and Toprakci, Ozan and Liang, Yinzheng and Alcoutlabi, Mataz}, year={2011}, pages={239–264} }
 @article{alcoutlabi_ji_guo_li_li_zhang_toprakci_zhang_2011, title={Electrospun nanofibers for energy storage}, volume={11}, number={6}, journal={AATCC Review}, author={Alcoutlabi, M. and Ji, L. W. and Guo, B. K. and Li, S. L. and Li, Y. and Zhang, S. and Toprakci, O. and Zhang, X. W.}, year={2011}, pages={45–51} }
 @article{toprakci_ji_lin_toprakci_zhang_2011, title={Fabrication and electrochemical characteristics of electrospun LiFePO4/carbon composite fibers for lithium-ion batteries}, volume={196}, ISSN={["1873-2755"]}, url={https://publons.com/publon/674397/}, DOI={10.1016/j.jpowsour.2011.04.031}, abstractNote={LiFePO4/C composite fibers were synthesized by using a combination of electrospinning and sol–gel techniques. Polyacrylonitrile (PAN) was used as an electrospinning media and a carbon source. LiFePO4 precursor materials and PAN were dissolved in N,N-dimethylformamide separately and they were mixed before electrospinning. LiFePO4 precursor/PAN fibers were heat treated, during which LiFePO4 precursor transformed to energy-storage LiFePO4 material and PAN was converted to carbon. The surface morphology and microstructure of the obtained LiFePO4/C composite fibers were characterized using scanning electron microscopy (SEM), transmission electron microscopy (TEM) and elemental dispersive spectroscopy (EDS). XRD measurements were also carried out in order to determine the structure of LiFePO4/C composite fibers. Electrochemical performance of LiFePO4/carbon composite fibers was evaluated in coin-type cells. Carbon content and heat treatment conditions (such as stabilization temperature, calcination/carbonization temperature, calcination/carbonization time, etc.) were optimized in terms of electrochemical performance.}, number={18}, journal={JOURNAL OF POWER SOURCES}, author={Toprakci, Ozan and Ji, Liwen and Lin, Zhan and Toprakci, Hatice A. K. and Zhang, Xiangwu}, year={2011}, month={Sep}, pages={7692–7699} }
 @article{yao_guo_ji_jung_lin_alcoutlabi_hamouda_zhang_2011, title={Highly proton conductive electrolyte membranes: Fiber-induced long-range ionic channels}, volume={13}, ISSN={["1388-2481"]}, url={https://publons.com/publon/6540067/}, DOI={10.1016/j.elecom.2011.06.028}, abstractNote={Novel conductive inorganic fiber/polymer hybrid proton exchange membranes (PEMs) were obtained by taking advantage of sulfated zirconia (S-ZrO2) fibers made by electrospinning and post-electrospinning processes. Induced by electrospun inorganic fibers, long-range ionic channels were formed by agglomerating functional groups, which served as continuous hopping pathways for protons and significantly improved the proton conductivity of PEMs.}, number={9}, journal={ELECTROCHEMISTRY COMMUNICATIONS}, author={Yao, Yingfang and Guo, Bingkun and Ji, Liwen and Jung, Kyung-Hye and Lin, Zhan and Alcoutlabi, Mataz and Hamouda, Hechmi and Zhang, Xiangwu}, year={2011}, month={Sep}, pages={1005–1008} }
 @article{liang_ji_guo_lin_yao_li_alcoutlabi_qiu_zhang_2011, title={Preparation and electrochemical characterization of ionic-conducting lithium lanthanum titanate oxide/polyacrylonitrile submicron composite fiber-based lithium-ion battery separators}, volume={196}, ISSN={["1873-2755"]}, url={https://publons.com/publon/6540087/}, DOI={10.1016/j.jpowsour.2010.06.088}, abstractNote={Lithium lanthanum titanate oxide (LLTO)/polyacrylonitrile (PAN) submicron composite fiber-based membranes were prepared by electrospinning dispersions of LLTO ceramic particles in PAN solutions. These ionic-conducting LLTO/PAN composite fiber-based membranes can be directly used as lithium-ion battery separators due to their unique porous structure. Ionic conductivities were evaluated after soaking the electrospun LLTO/PAN composite fiber-based membranes in a liquid electrolyte, 1 M lithium hexafluorophosphate (LiPF6) in ethylene carbonate (EC)/ethyl methyl carbonate (EMC) (1:1 vol). It was found that, among membranes with various LLTO contents, 15 wt.% LLTO/PAN composite fiber-based membranes provided the highest ionic conductivity, 1.95 × 10−3 S cm−1. Compared with pure PAN fiber membranes, LLTO/PAN composite fiber-based membranes had greater liquid electrolyte uptake, higher electrochemical stability window, and lower interfacial resistance with lithium. In addition, lithium//1 M LiPF6/EC/EMC//lithium iron phosphate cells containing LLTO/PAN composite fiber-based membranes as the separator exhibited high discharge specific capacity of 162 mAh g−1 and good cycling performance at 0.2 C rate at room temperature.}, number={1}, journal={JOURNAL OF POWER SOURCES}, author={Liang, Yinzheng and Ji, Liwen and Guo, Bingkun and Lin, Zhan and Yao, Yingfang and Li, Ying and Alcoutlabi, Mataz and Qiu, Yiping and Zhang, Xiangwu}, year={2011}, month={Jan}, pages={436–441} }
 @misc{ji_lin_alcoutlabi_zhang_2011, title={Recent developments in nanostructured anode materials for rechargeable lithium-ion batteries}, volume={4}, ISSN={["1754-5706"]}, url={https://publons.com/publon/6540060/}, DOI={10.1039/c0ee00699h}, abstractNote={In this paper, the use of nanostructured anode materials for rechargeable lithium-ion batteries (LIBs) is reviewed. Nanostructured materials such as nano-carbons, alloys, metal oxides, and metal sulfides/nitrides have been used as anodes for next-generation LIBs with high reversible capacity, fast power capability, good safety, and long cycle life. This is due to their relatively short mass and charge pathways, high transport rates of both lithium ions and electrons, and other extremely charming surface activities. In this review paper, the effect of the nanostructure on the electrochemical performance of these anodes is presented. Their synthesis processes, electrochemical properties, and electrode reaction mechanisms are also discussed. The major goals of this review are to give a broad overview of recent scientific researches and developments of anode materials using novel nanoscience and nanotechnology and to highlight new progresses in using these nanostructured materials to develop high-performance LIBs. Suggestions and outlooks on future research directions in this field are also given.}, number={8}, journal={ENERGY & ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE}, author={Ji, Liwen and Lin, Zhan and Alcoutlabi, Mataz and Zhang, Xiangwu}, year={2011}, month={Aug}, pages={2682–2699} }
 @article{yao_ji_lin_li_alcoutlabi_hamouda_zhang_2011, title={Sulfonated Polystyrene Fiber Network-Induced Hybrid Proton Exchange Membranes}, volume={3}, ISSN={["1944-8252"]}, url={https://publons.com/publon/6540072/}, DOI={10.1021/am2009184}, abstractNote={A novel type of hybrid membrane was fabricated by incorporating sulfonated polystyrene (S-PS) electrospun fibers into Nafion for the application in proton exchange membrane fuel cells. With the introduction of S-PS fiber mats, a large amount of sulfonic acid groups in Nafion aggregated onto the interfaces between S-PS fibers and the ionomer matrix, forming continuous pathways for facile proton transport. The resultant hybrid membranes had higher proton conductivities than that of recast Nafion, and the conductivities were controlled by selectively adjusting the fiber diameters. Consequently, hybrid membranes fabricated by ionomers, such as Nafion, incorporated with ionic-conducting nanofibers established a promising strategy for the rational design of high-performance proton exchange membranes.}, number={9}, journal={ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES}, author={Yao, Yingfang and Ji, Liwen and Lin, Zhan and Li, Ying and Alcoutlabi, Mataz and Hamouda, Hechmi and Zhang, Xiangwu}, year={2011}, month={Sep}, pages={3732–3737} }
 @article{ji_lin_guo_medford_zhang_2010, title={Assembly of Carbon-SnO2 Core-Sheath Composite Nanofibers for Superior Lithium Storage}, volume={16}, ISSN={["1521-3765"]}, url={https://publons.com/publon/6540086/}, DOI={10.1002/chem.201001564}, abstractNote={Protective coating: Carbon-SnO(2) core-sheath composite nanofibers are synthesized through the creative combination of electrospinning and electrodeposition processes (see figure). They display excellent electrochemical performance when directly used as binder-free anodes for rechargeable lithium ion batteries.}, number={38}, journal={CHEMISTRY-A EUROPEAN JOURNAL}, author={Ji, Liwen and Lin, Zhan and Guo, Bingkun and Medford, Andrew J. and Zhang, Xiangwu}, year={2010}, pages={11543–11548} }
 @article{lin_woodroof_ji_liang_krause_zhang_2010, title={Effect of Platinum Salt Concentration on the Electrospinning of Polyacrylonitrile/Platinum Acetylacetonate Solution}, volume={116}, ISSN={["1097-4628"]}, url={https://publons.com/publon/6540059/}, DOI={10.1002/app.31616}, abstractNote={Abstract}, number={2}, journal={JOURNAL OF APPLIED POLYMER SCIENCE}, author={Lin, Zhan and Woodroof, Mariah D. and Ji, Liwen and Liang, Yinzheng and Krause, Wendy and Zhang, Xiangwu}, year={2010}, month={Apr}, pages={895–901} }
 @article{lin_ji_woodroof_zhang_2010, title={Electrodeposited MnOx/carbon nanofiber composites for use as anode materials in rechargeable lithium-ion batteries}, volume={195}, ISSN={["1873-2755"]}, url={https://publons.com/publon/6540092/}, DOI={10.1016/j.jpowsour.2010.02.004}, abstractNote={Carbon nanofiber-supported MnOx composites were prepared by electrodepositing MnOx nanoparticles directly onto electrospun carbon nanofibers. The morphology and size of MnOx nanoparticles were controlled by the surface treatment of carbon nanofibers and the electrodeposition duration time. SEM, TEM/EDS, elemental analysis, and XRD were used to study the morphology and composition of MnOx on the nanofibers. The resultant MnOx/carbon nanofiber composites were used directly as the anode material in lithium half cells and their electrochemical performance was characterized. Results show that MnOx/carbon nanofiber composites prepared by different deposition durations have high reversible capacity, good capacity retention, and excellent structural integrity during cycling.}, number={15}, journal={JOURNAL OF POWER SOURCES}, author={Lin, Zhan and Ji, Liwen and Woodroof, Mariah D. and Zhang, Xiangwu}, year={2010}, month={Aug}, pages={5025–5031} }
 @article{lin_ji_toprakci_krause_zhang_2010, title={Electrospun carbon nanofiber-supported Pt-Pd alloy composites for oxygen reduction}, volume={25}, ISSN={["2044-5326"]}, url={https://publons.com/publon/674398/}, DOI={10.1557/jmr.2010.0163}, abstractNote={Carbon nanofiber-supported Pt–Pd alloy composites were prepared by co-electrodepositing Pt–Pd alloy nanoparticles directly onto electrospun carbon nanofibers. The morphology and size of Pt–Pd alloy nanoparticles were controlled by the surface treatment of carbon nanofibers and the electrodeposition duration time. Scanning electron microscopy/energy dispersive spectrometer (SEM)/(EDS) and x-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) were used to study the composition of Pt–Pd alloy on the composites, and the co-electrodeposition mechanism of Pt–Pd alloy was investigated. The resultant Pt–Pd/carbon nanofiber composites were characterized by running cyclic voltammograms in oxygen-saturated 0.1 M HClO4 at 25 °C to study their electrocatalytic ability to reduce oxygen. Results show that Pt–Pd/carbon nanofiber composites possess good performance in the electrocatalytic reduction of oxygen. Among all Pt–Pd/carbon nanofibers prepared, the nanofiber composite with a Pt–Pd loading of 0.90 mg/cm2 has the highest electrocatalytic activity by catalyst mass.}, number={7}, journal={JOURNAL OF MATERIALS RESEARCH}, author={Lin, Zhan and Ji, Liwen and Toprakci, Ozan and Krause, Wendy and Zhang, Xiangwu}, year={2010}, month={Jul}, pages={1329–1335} }
 @article{ji_zhang_2010, title={Evaluation of Si/carbon composite nanofiber-based insertion anodes for new-generation rechargeable lithium-ion batteries}, volume={3}, ISSN={["1754-5692"]}, url={https://publons.com/publon/7178339/}, DOI={10.1039/b912188a}, abstractNote={A convenient and low cost approach has been developed for the fabrication of advanced anode materials for rechargeable lithium-ion batteries by loading Si nanoparticles as an alloying media into carbon nanofibers. The resultant composite nanofiber anodes have special fibrous textures that can absorb the huge volume change of Si during Li insertion and extraction reactions and hinder the cracking or crumbling of the electrode, and hence they have good electrochemical behaviors including large reversible capacity, relatively high capacity retention and good rate capability.}, number={1}, journal={ENERGY & ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE}, author={Ji, Liwen and Zhang, Xiangwu}, year={2010}, pages={124–129} }
 @article{toprakci_toprakci_ji_zhang_2010, title={Fabrication and electrochemical characteristics of LiFePO4 powders for lithium-Ion batteries}, url={https://publons.com/publon/674400/}, DOI={10.14356/kona.2010008}, abstractNote={Novel powder fabrication technologies provide opportunities to develop high-performance, low-cost cathode materials for rechargeable lithium-ion batteries. Among various energy storage technologies, rechargeable lithium-ion batteries have been considered as effective solution to the increasing need for high-energy density electrochemical power sources. Rechargeable lithium-ion batteries offer energy densities 2 - 3 times and power densities 5 - 6 times higher than conventional Ni-Cd and NiMH batteries, and as a result, they weigh less and take less space for a given energy delivery. However, the use of lithium-ion batteries in many large applications such as electric vehicles and storage devices for future power grids is hindered by the poor thermal stability, relatively high toxicity, and high cost of lithium cobalt oxide (LiCoO2) powders, which are currently used as the cathode material in commercial lithium-ion batteries. Recently, lithium iron phosphate (LiFePO4) powders have become a favorable cathode material for lithium-ion batteries because of their low cost, high discharge potential (ar ound 3.4 V versus Li/Li + ), large specific capacity (170 mAh/g), good thermal stability, and high abundance with the environmentally benign and safe nature. As a result, there is a huge demand for the production of high-performance LiFePO4 powders. However, LiFePO4 also has its own limitation such as low conductivity (~10 －9 S/cm), which results in poor rate capability. This can be addressed by modifying the powder structure using novel fabrication technologies. This paper presents an overview of recent advances in the fabrication of high-performance LiFePO4 powders for lithium-ion batteries. The LiFePO4 powder fabrication methods covered include: solid-state synthesis, mechanochemical activation, carbothermal reduction, microwave heating, hydrothermal synthesis, sol-gel synthesis, spray pyrolysis, co-precipitation, microemulsion drying, and others. The impacts of these fabrication methods on the structure and performance of LiFePO4 powders are discussed. In addition, the improvement of the conductivity of LiFePO4 powders through novel powder technologies}, number={28}, journal={Kona Powder and Particle Journal}, author={Toprakci, O. and Toprakci, H. A. K. and Ji, L. W. and Zhang, Xiangwu}, year={2010}, pages={50–73} }
 @article{ji_yao_toprakci_lin_liang_shi_medford_millns_zhang_2010, title={Fabrication of carbon nanofiber-driven electrodes from electrospun polyacrylonitrile/polypyrrole bicomponents for high-performance rechargeable lithium-ion batteries}, volume={195}, ISSN={["1873-2755"]}, url={https://publons.com/publon/674401/}, DOI={10.1016/j.jpowsour.2009.10.021}, abstractNote={Carbon nanofibers were prepared through electrospinning a blend solution of polyacrylonitrile and polypyrrole, followed by carbonization at 700 °C. Structural features of electrospun polyacrylonitrile/polypyrrole bicomponent nanofibers and their corresponding carbon nanofibers were characterized using scanning electron microscopy, differential scanning calorimeter, thermo-gravimetric analysis, wide-angle X-ray diffraction, and Raman spectroscopy. It was found that intermolecular interactions are formed between two different polymers, which influence the thermal properties of electrospun bicomponent nanofibers. In addition, with the increase of polypyrrole concentration, the resultant carbon nanofibers exhibit increasing disordered structure. These carbon nanofibers were used as anodes for rechargeable lithium-ion batteries without adding any polymer binder or conductive material and they display high reversible capacity, improved cycle performance, relatively good rate capability, and clear fibrous morphology even after 50 charge/discharge cycles. The improved electrochemical performance of these carbon nanofibers can be attributed to their unusual surface properties and unique structural features, which amplify both surface area and extensive intermingling between electrode and electrolyte phases over small length scales, thereby leading to fast kinetics and short pathways for both Li ions and electrons.}, number={7}, journal={JOURNAL OF POWER SOURCES}, author={Ji, Liwen and Yao, Yingfang and Toprakci, Ozan and Lin, Zhan and Liang, Yinzheng and Shi, Quan and Medford, Andrew J. and Millns, Christopher R. and Zhang, Xiangwu}, year={2010}, month={Apr}, pages={2050–2056} }
 @article{ji_lin_li_li_liang_toprakci_shi_zhang_2010, title={Formation and characterization of core-sheath nanofibers through electrospinning and surface-initiated polymerization}, volume={51}, ISSN={["1873-2291"]}, url={https://publons.com/publon/674399/}, DOI={10.1016/j.polymer.2010.07.042}, abstractNote={Novel core-sheath nanofibers, composed of polyacrylonitrile (PAN) core and polypyrrole (PPy) sheath with clear boundary between them, were fabricated by electrospinning PAN/FeCl3·6H2O bicomponent nanofibers and the subsequent surface-initiated polymerization in a pyrrole-containing solution. By adjusting the concentration of FeCl3·6H2O, the surface morphology of PPy sheath changed from isolated agglomerates or clusters to relatively uniform thin-film structure. Thermal properties of PAN-PPy core-sheath nanofibers were also characterized. Results indicated that the PPy sheath played a role of inhibitor and retarded the complex chemical reactions of PAN during the carbonization process.}, number={19}, journal={POLYMER}, author={Ji, Liwen and Lin, Zhan and Li, Ying and Li, Shuli and Liang, Yinzheng and Toprakci, Ozan and Shi, Quan and Zhang, Xiangwu}, year={2010}, month={Sep}, pages={4368–4374} }
 @article{ji_lin_zhou_shi_toprakci_medford_millns_zhang_2010, title={Formation and electrochemical performance of copper/carbon composite nanofibers}, volume={55}, ISSN={["1873-3859"]}, url={https://publons.com/publon/674402/}, DOI={10.1016/j.electacta.2009.10.033}, abstractNote={Copper-loaded carbon nanofibers are fabricated by thermally treating electrospun Cu(CH3COO)2/polyacrylonitrile nanofibers and utilized as an energy-storage material for rechargeable lithium–ion batteries. These composite nanofibers deliver more than 400 mA g−1 reversible capacities at 50 and 100 mA g−1 current densities and also maintain clear fibrous morphology and good structural integrity after 50 charge/discharge cycles. The relatively high capacity and good cycling performance of these composite nanofibers, stemmed from the integrated combination of metallic copper and disordered carbon as well as their unique textures and surface properties, make them a promising electrode candidate for next-generation lithium–ion batteries.}, number={5}, journal={ELECTROCHIMICA ACTA}, author={Ji, Liwen and Lin, Zhan and Zhou, Rui and Shi, Quan and Toprakci, Ozan and Medford, Andrew J. and Millns, Christopher R. and Zhang, Xiangwu}, year={2010}, month={Feb}, pages={1605–1611} }
 @article{jung_ji_pourdeyhimi_zhang_2010, title={Structure-property relationships of polymer-filled nonwoven membranes for chemical protection applications}, volume={361}, ISSN={["1873-3123"]}, url={https://publons.com/publon/7178319/}, DOI={10.1016/j.memsci.2010.06.010}, abstractNote={Polymer membranes with selective permeabilities are excellent material candidates for chemical protection applications. For example, poly(2-acrylamido-2-methyl-1-propanesulfonic acid) (PAMPS) membranes have high water permeability, and at the same time, they can block some harmful chemicals. However, PAMPS membranes are mechanically weak and their vapor selectivities need to be further improved for practical chemical protection. In this study, nonwoven fabrics were employed as the structural host to enhance both the mechanical properties and functionality of PAMPS membranes. PAMPS-filled nonwoven membranes were prepared by filling the open pores of polypropylene nonwovens with linear and cross-linked PAMPS materials, respectively. It was found that PAMPS-filled nonwoven membranes showed improved tensile properties, reduced vapor permeability, and increased selectivity, and the resultant PAMPS-filled nonwoven membranes are promising material candidates for chemical protection applications.}, number={1-2}, journal={JOURNAL OF MEMBRANE SCIENCE}, author={Jung, Kyung-Hye and Ji, Liwen and Pourdeyhimi, Behnam and Zhang, Xiangwu}, year={2010}, month={Sep}, pages={63–70} }
 @article{lin_ji_woodroof_yao_krause_zhang_2010, title={Synthesis and Electrocatalysis of Carbon Nanofiber-Supported Platinum by 1-AP Functionalization and Polyol Processing Technique}, volume={114}, ISSN={["1932-7447"]}, url={https://publons.com/publon/6540058/}, DOI={10.1021/jp9096138}, abstractNote={Pt/carbon composite nanofibers were prepared by depositing Pt nanoparticles directly onto electrospun carbon nanofibers using a polyol processing technique. The morphology and size of Pt nanoparticles were controlled by 1-aminopyrene functionalization. The noncovalent functionalization of carbon nanofibers by 1-aminopyrene is simple and can be carried out at ambient temperature without damaging the integrity and electronic structure of the carbon nanofibers. The resulting Pt/carbon composite nanofibers were characterized by running cyclic voltammograms in 0.5 M H2SO4 and 0.125 M CH3OH + 0.2 M H2SO4 solutions. Results show that Pt/carbon composite nanofibers with 1-aminopyrene functionalization have Pt nanoparticles with a smaller size and better distribution compared with those treated with conventional acids. Moreover, Pt/1-aminopyrene-functionalized carbon nanofibers possess the properties of high active surface area, improved performance toward the electrocatalytic oxidation of methanol, and relatively...}, number={9}, journal={JOURNAL OF PHYSICAL CHEMISTRY C}, author={Lin, Zhan and Ji, Liwen and Woodroof, Mariah D. and Yao, Yingfang and Krause, Wendy and Zhang, Xiangwu}, year={2010}, month={Mar}, pages={3791–3797} }
 @article{lin_ji_krause_zhang_2010, title={Synthesis and electrocatalysis of 1-aminopyrene-functionalized carbon nanofiber-supported platinum-ruthenium nanoparticles}, volume={195}, ISSN={["1873-2755"]}, url={https://publons.com/publon/6540088/}, DOI={10.1016/j.jpowsour.2010.03.059}, abstractNote={Platinum–ruthenium/carbon composite nanofibers were prepared by depositing PtRu nanoparticles directly onto electrospun carbon nanofibers using a polyol processing technique. The morphology and size of PtRu nanoparticles were controlled by 1-aminopyrene functionalization. The noncovalent functionalization of carbon nanofibers by 1-aminopyrene is simple and can be carried out at ambient temperature without damaging the integrity and electronic structure of carbon nanofibers. The resulting PtRu/carbon composite nanofibers were characterized by cyclic voltammogram in 0.5 M H2SO4 and 0.125 M CH3OH + 0.2 M H2SO4 solutions, respectively. The PtRu/carbon composite nanofibers with 1-aminopyrene functionalization have smaller nanoparticles and a more uniform distribution, compared with those pretreated with conventional acids. Moreover, PtRu/1-aminopyrene functionalized carbon nanofibers have high active surface area and improved performance towards the electrocatalytic oxidation of methanol.}, number={17}, journal={JOURNAL OF POWER SOURCES}, author={Lin, Zhan and Ji, Liwen and Krause, Wendy E. and Zhang, Xiangwu}, year={2010}, month={Sep}, pages={5520–5526} }
 @article{lin_ji_zhang_2009, title={Electrodeposition of platinum nanoparticles onto carbon nanofibers for electrocatalytic oxidation of methanol}, volume={63}, ISSN={["1873-4979"]}, url={https://publons.com/publon/6540063/}, DOI={10.1016/j.matlet.2009.07.005}, abstractNote={Pt/carbon composite nanofibers were prepared by electrodepositing Pt nanoparticles onto electrospun carbon nanofibers and were used as catalysts towards the oxidation of methanol. The morphology and size of Pt nanoparticles were controlled by selectively adjusting the electrodeposition potential and time. SEM and TEM results show that the composite nanofibers were successfully obtained and Pt particle diameters were between 10 and 55 nm. The electrocatalytic activity of the composite nanofibers expressed by current density per Pt particle mass was found to depend on the particle size, showing an increasing activity when the catalyst diameter decreased.}, number={24-25}, journal={MATERIALS LETTERS}, author={Lin, Zhan and Ji, Liwen and Zhang, Xiangwu}, year={2009}, month={Oct}, pages={2115–2118} }
 @article{ji_zhang_2009, title={Electrospun carbon nanofibers containing silicon particles as an energy-storage medium}, volume={47}, ISSN={["1873-3891"]}, url={https://publons.com/publon/7178314/}, DOI={10.1016/j.carbon.2009.07.039}, abstractNote={A new energy-storage material has been developed by embedding Si nanoparticles as an alloying medium in electrospun carbon nanofibers. Anodes made from these carbon/Si composite nanofibers combine the advantages of both carbon (long cycle life) and Si (high lithium-storage capacity). They exhibit good electrochemical performance in terms of large reversible capacity, relatively good capacity retention and excellent rate capability upon insertion/extraction of lithium. As a result, they are promising anode candidates for storing energy in high performance batteries.}, number={14}, journal={CARBON}, author={Ji, Liwen and Zhang, Xiangwu}, year={2009}, month={Nov}, pages={3219–3226} }
 @article{ji_jung_medford_zhang_2009, title={Electrospun polyacrylonitrile fibers with dispersed Si nanoparticles and their electrochemical behaviors after carbonization}, volume={19}, ISSN={["1364-5501"]}, url={https://publons.com/publon/7178352/}, DOI={10.1039/b903165k}, abstractNote={Si 
 nanoparticle-incorporated polyacrylonitrile (PAN) fibers are prepared using the electrospinning method and Si-filled carbon (Si/C) fibers are obtained by the subsequent heat treatment of these Si/PAN fibers. Their microstructures are characterized by various analytical techniques. It is found that Si nanoparticles are distributed both inside and on the surface of PAN fibers and this is preserved after the formation of Si/C fibers. The crystal structure characterization indicates that, in Si/C fibers, Si nanoparticles exist in a crystalline state while carbon is in a predominantly amorphous or disordered form. Si/C fibers show high reversible capacity and good capacity retention when tested as anodes in lithium ion batteries (LIBs). The excellent electrochemical performance of these fibers can be ascribed to the combined contributions of carbon matrices and Si nanoparticles, and the favorable textures and surface properties of the Si/C fibers.}, number={28}, journal={JOURNAL OF MATERIALS CHEMISTRY}, author={Ji, Liwen and Jung, Kyung-Hye and Medford, Andrew J. and Zhang, Xiangwu}, year={2009}, month={Jul}, pages={4992–4997} }
 @article{ji_medford_zhang_2009, title={Electrospun polyacrylonitrile/zinc chloride composite nanofibers and their response to hydrogen sulfide}, volume={50}, ISSN={["1873-2291"]}, url={https://publons.com/publon/7178383/}, DOI={10.1016/j.polymer.2008.11.016}, abstractNote={In this work, we explore the electrospinning of polyacrylonitrile (PAN)/zinc(II) chloride (ZnCl2) composite nanofibers and the response of these nanofibers to hydrogen sulfide (H2S). Solution properties, including surface tension, viscosity, and conductivity, have been measured and integrated with the results of a variety of other analytical techniques to investigate the effects of ZnCl2 salt on the structure and thermal properties of electrospun nanofibers. It is found that the addition of ZnCl2 reduces the diameter and inhibits the instantaneous cyclization reaction of these nanofibers. Additionally, exposing PAN/ZnCl2 fibers to H2S leads to the formation of PAN/zinc sulfide (ZnS) composite nanofibers that contain ZnS crystals on the surface. These results indicate that PAN/ZnCl2 composite nanofibers could find applications in H2S sensing and removal, or as precursors for semiconductor ZnS-coated polymer nanofibers.}, number={2}, journal={POLYMER}, author={Ji, Liwen and Medford, Andrew J. and Zhang, Xiangwu}, year={2009}, month={Jan}, pages={605–612} }
 @article{ji_medford_zhang_2009, title={Fabrication of Carbon Fibers with Nanoporous Morphologies from Electrospun Polyacrylonitrile/Poly(L-lactide) Blends}, volume={47}, ISSN={["1099-0488"]}, url={https://publons.com/publon/7178332/}, DOI={10.1002/polb.21654}, abstractNote={Abstract}, number={5}, journal={JOURNAL OF POLYMER SCIENCE PART B-POLYMER PHYSICS}, author={Ji, Liwen and Medford, Andrew J. and Zhang, Xiangwu}, year={2009}, month={Mar}, pages={493–503} }
 @article{ji_zhang_2009, title={Fabrication of porous carbon nanofibers and their application as anode materials for rechargeable lithium-ion batteries}, volume={20}, ISSN={["1361-6528"]}, url={https://publons.com/publon/6110280/}, DOI={10.1088/0957-4484/20/15/155705}, abstractNote={Porous carbon nanofibers were prepared by the electrospinning of a bicomponent polymer solution, followed by thermal treatments under different atmospheres. The surface morphology, thermal properties, and crystalline features of these nanofibers were characterized using various analytic techniques, and it was found that they were formed with turbostratically disordered graphene sheets and had small pores and large surface areas. The unique structure of these porous carbon nanofibers resulted in good electrochemical performance such as high reversible capacity and good cycle stability when they were used as anodes for rechargeable lithium-ion batteries.}, number={15}, journal={NANOTECHNOLOGY}, author={Ji, Liwen and Zhang, Xiangwu}, year={2009}, month={Apr} }
 @article{ji_zhang_2009, title={Fabrication of porous carbon/Si composite nanofibers as high-capacity battery electrodes}, volume={11}, ISSN={["1873-1902"]}, url={https://publons.com/publon/7178318/}, DOI={10.1016/j.elecom.2009.03.042}, abstractNote={Carbon/Si composite nanofibers with porous structures are prepared by electrospinning and subsequent carbonization processes. It is found that these porous composite nanofibers can be used as anode materials for rechargeable lithium-ion batteries (LIBs) without adding any binding or conducting additive. The resultant anodes exhibit good electrochemical performance; for example, a large discharge capacity of 1100 mAh g−1 at a high current density of 200 mA g−1.}, number={6}, journal={ELECTROCHEMISTRY COMMUNICATIONS}, author={Ji, Liwen and Zhang, Xiangwu}, year={2009}, month={Jun}, pages={1146–1149} }
 @article{ji_zhang_2009, title={Generation of activated carbon nanofibers from electrospun polyacrylonitrile-zinc chloride composites for use as anodes in lithium-ion batteries}, volume={11}, ISSN={["1873-1902"]}, url={https://publons.com/publon/7178330/}, DOI={10.1016/j.elecom.2009.01.018}, abstractNote={Activated carbon nanofibers (CNFs) with large surface areas and small pores were prepared by electrospinning and subsequent thermal and chemical treatments. These activated CNFs were examined as anodes for lithium-ion batteries (LIBs) without adding any non-active material. Their electrochemical behaviors show improved lithium-ion storage capability and better cyclic stability compared with unactivated counterparts. The results demonstrate that the unique structures and properties of these materials make them promising candidates as anodes in LIBs.}, number={3}, journal={ELECTROCHEMISTRY COMMUNICATIONS}, author={Ji, Liwen and Zhang, Xiangwu}, year={2009}, month={Mar}, pages={684–687} }
 @article{ji_lin_medford_zhang_2009, title={In-Situ Encapsulation of Nickel Particles in Electrospun Carbon Nanofibers and the Resultant Electrochemical Performance}, volume={15}, ISSN={["1521-3765"]}, url={https://publons.com/publon/6540091/}, DOI={10.1002/chem.200902012}, abstractNote={Loaded nanofibers: Ni nanoparticle-loaded carbon nanofibers, which exhibit high reversible lithium-storage capacity, excellent cycling performance, and remarkably enhanced rate capability, are fabricated by using the electrospinning technique and the subsequent stabilization and carbonization processes (see figure). Detailed facts of importance to specialist readers are published as ”Supporting Information”. Such documents are peer-reviewed, but not copy-edited or typeset. They are made available as submitted by the authors. Please note: The publisher is not responsible for the content or functionality of any supporting information supplied by the authors. Any queries (other than missing content) should be directed to the corresponding author for the article.}, number={41}, journal={CHEMISTRY-A EUROPEAN JOURNAL}, author={Ji, Liwen and Lin, Zhan and Medford, Andrew J. and Zhang, Xiangwu}, year={2009}, pages={10718–10722} }
 @article{ji_zhang_2009, title={Manganese oxide nanoparticle-loaded porous carbon nanofibers as anode materials for high-performance lithium-ion batteries}, volume={11}, ISSN={["1873-1902"]}, url={https://publons.com/publon/7178338/}, DOI={10.1016/j.elecom.2009.01.039}, abstractNote={Mn-based oxide-loaded porous carbon nanofiber anodes, exhibiting large reversible capacity, excellent capacity retention, and good rate capability, are fabricated by carbonizing electrospun polymer/Mn(CH3COO)2 composite nanofibers without adding any polymer binder or electronic conductor. The excellent electrochemical performance of these organic/inorganic nanocomposites is a result of the unique combinative effects of nano-sized Mn-based oxides and carbon matrices as well as the highly-developed porous composite nanofiber structure, which make them promising anode candidates for high-performance rechargeable lithium-ion batteries.}, number={4}, journal={ELECTROCHEMISTRY COMMUNICATIONS}, author={Ji, Liwen and Zhang, Xiangwu}, year={2009}, month={Apr}, pages={795–798} }
 @article{ji_lin_medford_zhang_2009, title={Porous carbon nanofibers from electrospun polyacrylonitrile/SiO2 composites as an energy storage material}, volume={47}, ISSN={["1873-3891"]}, url={https://publons.com/publon/6540062/}, DOI={10.1016/j.carbon.2009.08.002}, abstractNote={Porous carbon nanofibers with large accessible surface areas and well-developed pore structures were prepared by electrospinning and subsequent thermal and chemical treatments. They were directly used as anodes in lithium-ion batteries without adding any non-active materials such as polymer binders or electronic conductors. The electrochemical performance results show that porous carbon nanofiber anodes have improved lithium-ion storage ability, enhanced charge–discharge kinetics, and better cyclic stability compared with non-porous counterparts. The unique structures and properties of these materials make them excellent candidates for use as anodes in high-performance rechargeable lithium-ion batteries.}, number={14}, journal={CARBON}, author={Ji, Liwen and Lin, Zhan and Medford, Andrew J. and Zhang, Xiangwu}, year={2009}, month={Nov}, pages={3346–3354} }
 @article{ji_medford_zhang_2009, title={Porous carbon nanofibers loaded with manganese oxide particles: Formation mechanism and electrochemical performance as energy-storage materials}, volume={19}, ISSN={["1364-5501"]}, url={https://publons.com/publon/7178331/}, DOI={10.1039/b905755b}, abstractNote={Mn oxide-loaded porous carbon nanofibers are prepared by electrospinning polyacrylonitrile nanofibers containing different amounts of Mn(CH3COO)2, followed by thermal treatments in different environments. It is found that the manganese salt may transform into γ-Mn(OOH)2 or other Mn compounds during the thermal oxidation in air environment, while further thermal treatment in argon atmosphere results in MnO and Mn3O4 particles confined to a nanoporous carbon structure. Surface morphology, thermal properties and crystal structures are characterized using various analytical techniques to provide insight into the formation mechanism of the porous structure. These Mn oxide-loaded porous carbon composite nanofibers exhibit high reversible capacity, improved cycling performance, and elevated rate capability even at high current rates when used as anodes for rechargeable lithium-ion batteries without adding any polymer binder or electronic conductor.}, number={31}, journal={JOURNAL OF MATERIALS CHEMISTRY}, author={Ji, Liwen and Medford, Andrew J. and Zhang, Xiangwu}, year={2009}, pages={5593–5601} }
 @article{ji_saquing_khan_zhang_2008, title={Preparation and characterization of silica nanoparticulate-polyacrylonitrile composite and porous nanofibers}, volume={19}, ISSN={["1361-6528"]}, url={https://publons.com/publon/7178323/}, DOI={10.1088/0957-4484/19/8/085605}, abstractNote={In this study, polyacrylonitrile (PAN) composite nanofibers containing different amounts of silica nanoparticulates have been obtained via electrospinning. The surface morphology, thermal properties and crystal structure of PAN/silica nanofibers are characterized using attenuated total reflection Fourier transform infrared (ATR-FTIR) spectroscopy, wide-angle x-ray diffraction (WAXD), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), and differential scanning calorimetry (DSC). The results indicate that the addition of silica nanoparticulates affects the structure and properties of the nanofibers. In addition to PAN/silica composite nanofibers, porous PAN nanofibers have been prepared by selective removal of the silica component from PAN/silica composite nanofibers using hydrofluoric (HF) acid. ATR-FTIR and thermal gravimetric analysis (TGA) experiments validate the removal of silica nanoparticulates by HF acid, whereas SEM and TEM results reveal that the porous nanofibers obtained from composite fibers with higher silica contents exhibited more nonuniform surface morphology. The Brunauer–Emmett–Teller (BET) surface area of porous PAN nanofibers made from PAN/silica (5 wt%) composite precursors is higher than that of pure nonporous PAN nanofibers.}, number={8}, journal={NANOTECHNOLOGY}, publisher={IOP Publishing}, author={Ji, Liwen and Saquing, Carl and Khan, Saad A. and Zhang, Xiangwu}, year={2008}, month={Feb} }
 @article{ji_zhang_2008, title={Ultrafine polyacrylonitrile/silica composite fibers via electrospinning}, volume={62}, ISSN={["0167-577X"]}, url={https://publons.com/publon/7178340/}, DOI={10.1016/j.matlet.2007.11.051}, abstractNote={Polyacrylonitrile (PAN)/silica composite nanofibers, in the diameter of 200–300 nm, were prepared by a one-step electrospinning method. The PAN/silica nanofibers were characterized by SEM, TEM, ATR–FTIR and DSC. SEM and TEM images show that beads are formed and silica nanoparticles start to aggregate when the silica content is higher than 2 wt.% in nanofibers. ATR–FTIR spectra and DSC results indicate that there may exist interactions between silica nanoparticles and PAN. The addition of silica nanoparticles also changes the thermal properties of PAN/silica nanofibers.}, number={14}, journal={MATERIALS LETTERS}, author={Ji, Liwen and Zhang, Xiangwu}, year={2008}, month={May}, pages={2161–2164} }