@article{demarco_leppard_lindsay_2024, title={Intersectional bonds: Delinquency, arrest, and changing family social capital during adolescence}, ISSN={["1741-3737"]}, DOI={10.1111/jomf.13029}, abstractNote={Abstract Objective This study uses an intersectional approach to examine whether bonding and bridging family social capital change after adolescent delinquency and arrest. Background Family social capital (the resources and energy investments parents make in their children) has important implications for numerous youth outcomes. To date, little research has examined how stressful behaviors (like delinquency) and life events (such as arrest) strain or strengthen parent–child relationships, particularly across Black, White, and Hispanic families. Methods Drawing on data from the National Longitudinal Survey of Youth, 1997 cohort, the authors use fixed effects, dynamic panel, and correlated random effects models to analyze how delinquent behavior and arrest impact bonding and bridging forms of family social capital in adolescence. Stratified models by race/ethnicity and gender test whether the effects vary across groups. Results Results show that delinquency is negatively associated with bonding and bridging family social capital. Black girls experienced the sharpest reduction in family social capital resulting from delinquent behavior. Arrest was significantly associated with decreased bridging capital for Hispanic boys and increased bridging capital for Black girls. Conclusion Delinquency creates stress for parents and reduces investments in children, especially for Black girls. The effects of arrest vary by race and gender. Implications This study demonstrates the dynamism of family social capital and the impact of adolescent delinquency and arrest on parent–child ties, providing insights into the racialized and gendered development of family social capital amid heightened concern about youth deviance and incarceration.}, journal={JOURNAL OF MARRIAGE AND FAMILY}, author={DeMarco, Laura M. and Leppard, Tom R. and Lindsay, Sade L.}, year={2024}, month={Aug} }
 @article{demarco_2024, title={No Room to Fall: Criminal Justice Contact and Neighborhood Disadvantage}, ISSN={["1533-8533"]}, DOI={10.1093/socpro/spae012}, abstractNote={Abstract
               Neighborhoods across the United States are shaped by the criminal justice system and socioeconomic inequality. This article examines whether multiple forms of criminal justice contact affect neighborhood attainment for a cohort of young adults coming of age in the era of mass incarceration. Using the National Longitudinal Survey of Youth, 1997 cohort, and census data, I analyze neighborhood conditions before and after contact with the criminal justice system. Conviction is a critical experience in the life course. Having a household member incarcerated is associated with moving to a worse neighborhood only for White young adults. I contextualize these findings in the literature on the cumulative disadvantages faced by the justice-involved population and the complexities of identifying causal effects for this population. For many, incarceration represents a late stage of criminal justice contact, at which point there is no room to fall. Disentangling the web of disadvantage that follows criminal justice contact is crucial as the effects of the era of mass incarceration continue to accumulate. Locational attainment contextualized within the life course must be central to understanding how the legal system creates and reproduces disadvantage.}, journal={SOCIAL PROBLEMS}, author={DeMarco, Laura M.}, year={2024}, month={Mar} }
 @article{dwyer_demarco_2024, title={Unequally Indebted: Debt by Education, Race, and Ethnicity and the, Accumulation of Inequality in Emerging Adulthood}, ISSN={["2167-6984"]}, DOI={10.1177/21676968241241560}, abstractNote={Emerging adults in the U.S. face significant economic uncertainty during the early life course. Economic uncertainties grew in the 2000s, especially for the Millennial cohort. Access to credit can be a resource to manage the instability that characterizes emerging adulthood. However, debt can also become a burden, making credit like a “double-edged sword.” We study inequality in debt holding for five debt types that provide distinct resources and burdens, including mortgages, car loans, student loans, credit cards, and other debts to businesses. We analyze the extent to which the Millennial cohort accumulated unequal debts by the end of emerging adulthood using the National Longitudinal Survey of Youth, 1997 Cohort. We find strikingly unequal debt holding by education, race/ethnicity, and education-by-race/ethnicity for Millennial emerging adults. We conclude that policies and programs that support emerging adult financial wellbeing will be crucial for healthy development and reduced inequalities during this life course stage.}, journal={EMERGING ADULTHOOD}, author={Dwyer, Rachel E. and Demarco, Laura M.}, year={2024}, month={May} }
 @article{demarco_2023, title={Criminal record stigma, race, and neighborhood inequality}, ISSN={["1745-9125"]}, DOI={10.1111/1745-9125.12347}, abstractNote={AbstractJustice‐involved people experience high levels of housing instability and residential mobility, making the housing search a recurrent part of life. Little is known, however, regarding how criminal record stigma functions in the rental housing market. This article examines how housing providers use criminal records to screen tenants in the rental housing market and whether it varies by type of neighborhood. I conduct an online correspondence audit to test discriminatory behaviors and find an adverse criminal record effect on housing opportunities. Many housing providers disqualify all tenants with a criminal record, even without information about the severity or timing of offenses. The criminal record effect is significantly stronger in gentrifying neighborhoods and in neighborhoods where the proportion of Black residents is dwindling. Tenant screening emerges as a central obstacle faced by the justice‐involved population, vital to understanding the web of disadvantages that traps so many in the wake of the carceral state.}, journal={CRIMINOLOGY}, author={DeMarco, Laura M.}, year={2023}, month={Jul} }
 @article{demarco_dwyer_haynie_2021, title={The accumulation of disadvantage: Criminal justice contact, credit, and debt in the transition to adulthood*}, ISSN={["1745-9125"]}, DOI={10.1111/1745-9125.12286}, abstractNote={AbstractSocial exclusion of those with criminal justice experience increasingly includes a financial component, but the structure of disadvantage in credit and debt remains unclear. We develop a model of financial disadvantage in debt holding during the transition to adulthood among justice‐involved groups. We study cumulative criminal justice contact and debt holding by age 30 using the National Longitudinal Survey of Youth 1997 (NLSY97). The NLSY97 cohort transitioned to adulthood during an era of historically high criminal justice contact, with many experiencing arrests, convictions, and incarceration. We develop a distinct measurement approach to cumulative criminal justice contact by age 30 that captures variation between young adults in the severity of justice encounters in the early life course. We conceptualize financial disadvantage as a lower likelihood of holding debt that facilitates property and attainment investments and a higher likelihood of holding higher cost debts used for consumption or emergencies. We find that those with the most punitive criminal justice contact evidence the most disadvantageous form of debt holding, potentially exacerbating social exclusion. We consider the implications of the accumulation of financial disadvantage for our understanding of criminal justice contact as a life‐course process.}, journal={CRIMINOLOGY}, author={DeMarco, Laura M. and Dwyer, Rachel E. and Haynie, Dana L.}, year={2021}, month={Aug} }