@article{tiecher_pace_gatiboni_vann_hardy_fisher_2023, title={Flue-cured tobacco and Cl rates: Implications on yield, quality, and nutrient concentration}, volume={2}, ISSN={["1435-0645"]}, url={https://doi.org/10.1002/agj2.21272}, DOI={10.1002/agj2.21272}, abstractNote={Abstract}, journal={AGRONOMY JOURNAL}, author={Tiecher, Tales and Pace, Cara Ruth and Gatiboni, Luke and Vann, Matthew and Hardy, David and Fisher, Loren}, year={2023}, month={Feb} }
 @article{clapp_vann_cahoon_jordan_fisher_inman_2022, title={Evaluations of S-Metolachlor in flue-cured tobacco weed management programs}, volume={2}, ISSN={["1435-0645"]}, url={https://doi.org/10.1002/agj2.20984}, DOI={10.1002/agj2.20984}, abstractNote={Abstract}, journal={AGRONOMY JOURNAL}, author={Clapp, Andrew M. and Vann, Matthew C. and Cahoon, Charles W. and Jordan, David L. and Fisher, Loren R. and Inman, Matt D.}, year={2022}, month={Feb} }
 @article{vann_johnson_jordan_fisher_edmisten_2022, title={Flue-cured tobacco response to sublethal rates of glufosinate}, volume={8}, ISSN={["2374-3832"]}, url={https://doi.org/10.1002/cft2.20141}, DOI={10.1002/cft2.20141}, abstractNote={Abstract}, number={1}, journal={CROP FORAGE & TURFGRASS MANAGEMENT}, publisher={Wiley}, author={Vann, Matthew and Johnson, Virginia Alice and Jordan, David and Fisher, Loren and Edmisten, Keith}, year={2022} }
 @article{foste_staples_fisher_shaheen_mayhew_rockenbach_2021, title={"Careful With Your 'We'": Worldview Minority Faculty at Sectarian Institutions}, ISSN={["1938-8934"]}, DOI={10.1037/dhe0000320}, journal={JOURNAL OF DIVERSITY IN HIGHER EDUCATION}, author={Foste, Zak and Staples, B. Ashley and Fisher, Lori E. Durako and Shaheen, Musbah and Mayhew, Matthew J. and Rockenbach, Alyssa N.}, year={2021}, month={Apr} }
 @article{inman_vann_fisher_gannon_jordan_jennings_2021, title={Evaluation of dicamba retention in spray tanks and its impact on flue-cured tobacco}, volume={35}, ISSN={["1550-2740"]}, url={http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/wet.2020.73}, DOI={10.1017/wet.2020.73}, abstractNote={Abstract}, number={1}, journal={WEED TECHNOLOGY}, publisher={Cambridge University Press (CUP)}, author={Inman, Matthew D. and Vann, Matthew C. and Fisher, Loren R. and Gannon, Travis W. and Jordan, David L. and Jennings, Katie M.}, year={2021}, month={Feb}, pages={35–42} }
 @article{vann_inman_fisher_2021, title={Flue-cured tobacco holding-ability is affected by harvest timing}, volume={11}, ISSN={["2374-3832"]}, url={https://doi.org/10.1002/cft2.20137}, DOI={10.1002/cft2.20137}, abstractNote={Abstract}, journal={CROP FORAGE & TURFGRASS MANAGEMENT}, publisher={Wiley}, author={Vann, Matthew C. and Inman, Matthew D. and Fisher, Loren R.}, year={2021}, month={Nov} }
 @article{cheek_vann_lewis_fisher_2021, title={Genetics influence postharvest measurements of flue-cured tobacco more than nitrogen application rate}, volume={113}, ISSN={["1435-0645"]}, url={https://doi.org/10.1002/agj2.20565}, DOI={10.1002/agj2.20565}, abstractNote={Abstract}, number={2}, journal={AGRONOMY JOURNAL}, publisher={Wiley}, author={Cheek, Joseph A. and Vann, Matthew C. and Lewis, Ramsey S. and Fisher, Loren R.}, year={2021}, month={Mar}, pages={1020–1028} }
 @article{finch_vann_wells_fisher_brown_2020, title={Impacts of lower-leaf removal timing, number, and nitrogen application to flue-cured tobacco}, volume={6}, ISSN={["2374-3832"]}, url={https://doi.org/10.1002/cft2.20059}, DOI={10.1002/cft2.20059}, abstractNote={Abstract}, number={1}, journal={CROP FORAGE & TURFGRASS MANAGEMENT}, publisher={Wiley}, author={Finch, Camden E. and Vann, Matthew C. and Wells, Randy and Fisher, Loren R. and Brown, A. Blake}, year={2020} }
 @article{finch_vann_fisher_wells_brown_2019, title={Lower-Leaf Removal and Nitrogen Application Programs for Flue-Cured Tobacco Production}, volume={111}, ISSN={["1435-0645"]}, DOI={10.2134/agronj2018.10.0637}, abstractNote={Core Ideas
Lower‐leaf removal will reduce cured leaf yield but can reduce the portion of lower‐demand stalk positionsNitrogen application after leaf removal is of limited value and is currently discouragedIf these programs are to find commercial success, a higher selling price should be offered by leaf purchasers
}, number={4}, journal={AGRONOMY JOURNAL}, author={Finch, Camden E. and Vann, Matthew C. and Fisher, Loren R. and Wells, Randy and Brown, A. Blake}, year={2019}, pages={1933–1939} }
 @article{bennett_vann_fisher_2018, title={Application Methods of Organic Poultry Feather Meal to Flue-Cured Tobacco}, volume={110}, ISSN={["1435-0645"]}, DOI={10.2134/agronj2017.11.0678}, abstractNote={Core Ideas
There is flexibility with poultry feather meal application methods.
Broadcast application before planting initiates N release earlier.
Sidedress application is more efficient in high rainfall growing seasons.
}, number={5}, journal={AGRONOMY JOURNAL}, publisher={American Society of Agronomy}, author={Bennett, Nathan and Vann, Matthew and Fisher, Loren}, year={2018}, pages={1874–1882} }
 @article{mason_vann_fisher_mcginnis_2018, title={Late-Season Nitrogen Application to Tobacco Produced in Fine-Textured Soils}, volume={4}, ISSN={["2374-3832"]}, DOI={10.2134/cftm2018.02.0007}, abstractNote={Core Ideas
Nitrogen is key to maximum leaf yield and quality.
Nitrogen management is currently based upon expected conditions.
Alternative strategies could improve N management.
Alternative strategies are not suitable for fine‐textured soil types.
}, number={1}, journal={CROP FORAGE & TURFGRASS MANAGEMENT}, publisher={American Society of Agronomy}, author={Mason, J. Hunter and Vann, Matthew C. and Fisher, Loren R. and McGinnis, Michelle S.}, year={2018}, month={Jul} }
 @article{vann_fisher_wells_jordan_heitman_2017, title={Alternative Ridging Practices for Flue-Cured Tobacco Production in North Carolina}, volume={3}, ISSN={2374-3832}, url={http://dx.doi.org/10.2134/cftm2017.02.0016}, DOI={10.2134/cftm2017.02.0016}, abstractNote={Core Ideas
Alternative ridging methods could prove beneficial for tobacco producers.
Conservation tillage efforts have demonstrated little success.
Fine‐textured soils will require special management considerations.
Soil resistance is considered to be a limiting production factor.
Coarse‐textured soils appear to be better suited than fine‐textured soils.
}, number={1}, journal={Crop, Forage & Turfgrass Management}, publisher={Wiley}, author={Vann, Matthew C. and Fisher, Loren R. and Wells, Randy and Jordan, David L. and Heitman, Joshua L.}, year={2017}, month={Jun}, pages={cftm2017.02.0016} }
 @article{vann_fisher_whitley_2017, title={Cyantraniliprole and spinosad residues in flue-cured tobacco}, volume={54}, journal={Tobacco Science}, author={Vann, M. and Fisher, L. and Whitley, S.}, year={2017}, pages={1–3} }
 @article{vann_bennett_fisher_reberg-horton_burrack_2017, title={Poultry Feather Meal Application in Organic Flue-Cured Tobacco Production}, volume={109}, ISSN={["1435-0645"]}, url={https://dl.sciencesocieties.org/publications/aj/articles/109/6/2800?highlight=&search-result=1}, DOI={10.2134/agronj2017.05.0287}, abstractNote={Core Ideas
Poultry feather meal is acceptable in organic flue‐cured tobacco production.
Application rates of organic N should reflect those in conventional production.
Soil moisture is critical for N mineralization and assimilation.
}, number={6}, journal={AGRONOMY JOURNAL}, publisher={American Society of Agronomy}, author={Vann, Matthew and Bennett, Nathan and Fisher, Loren and Reberg-Horton, S. C. and Burrack, Hannah}, year={2017}, pages={2800–2807} }
 @article{vann_fisher_2017, title={Verification of nitrogen and phosphorus application rates to flue-cured tobacco}, volume={54}, journal={Tobacco Science}, author={Vann, M. and Fisher, L.}, year={2017}, pages={4–5} }
 @article{wells_eickholt_lewis_vann_fisher_2016, title={Heat Unit Accumulation and Days to Anthesis Relationship in Tobacco Genotypes with an Introgressed QTL Affecting Leaf Number}, volume={56}, ISSN={["1435-0653"]}, url={http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?eid=2-s2.0-84990194504&partnerID=MN8TOARS}, DOI={10.2135/cropsci2016.04.0278}, abstractNote={Plant breeders and crop managers would benefit from an increased ability to predict the requirements for onset of anthesis in tobacco (Nicotiana tabacum L.). This study was performed to determine the relationship in the field between heat unit (HU) accumulation and the onset of anthesis in tobacco genotypes varying for the zygosity of an introgressed quantitative trait loci (QTL) designated as Many Leaves (Ml) affecting flowering team and leaf number. Three commercially important cultivars or breeding lines (Speight 168, K326, and NCTG‐61), their nearly isogenic homozygous (MlMl) and heterozygous (Mlml) counterparts, and three BC6F3 null‐segregant (mlml) lines, were evaluated at three locations and over 2 yr. Days to anthesis (DTA) and HU accumulation were determined. In each environment, the MlMl, Mlml, and mlml genotypes were found to be grouped according to the zygosity of the Ml trait, with the mlml genotypes flowering first followed by Mlml and MlMl genotypes, respectively. An exception to this trend was Speight 168 MlMl, which consistently fell within the Mlml grouping for DTA. No consistent relationships were observed between HU and DTA, which was highly variable among environments. Integrated HU (area under the HU curve) during the 28 d after transplanting (DAT) was positively associated (R2 = 0.98; P = 0.0001) with the range of DTA among all genotypes. Integrated HU was a better indicator of the pattern of HU attainment than merely the amount. Early HU exposure seemed important in determining the range in DTA amongst the genotypes examined.}, number={6}, journal={CROP SCIENCE}, author={Wells, Randy and Eickholt, David P. J. and Lewis, Ramsey and Vann, Matthew C. and Fisher, Loren R.}, year={2016}, pages={3228–3236} }
 @article{foote_edmisten_wells_collins_roberson_jordan_fisher_2016, title={Influence of nitrogen and mepiquat chloride on cotton canopy reflectance measurements}, volume={20}, number={1}, journal={Journal of Cotton Science}, author={Foote, W. and Edmisten, K. and Wells, R. and Collins, G. and Roberson, G. and Jordan, D. and Fisher, L.}, year={2016}, pages={1–7} }
 @article{drake_vann_fisher_2015, title={INFLUENCE OF NITROGEN APPLICATION RATE ON THE YIELD, QUALITY, AND CHEMICAL COMPONENTS OF FLUE-CURED TOBACCO, PART II: APPLICATION METHOD}, volume={52}, DOI={10.3381/14-043}, abstractNote={Research was conducted in 2012 and 2013 to determine the effect of nitrogen application timing and method on the yield, quality, and leaf chemistry of flue-cured tobacco. Liquid urea–ammonium–nitrate supplied 100% of the total nitrogen and was applied in differing combinations of rates, timings, and methods. Nitrogen rates above, at, and below recommendation for specific locations were split into two, three, or four application timings depending on treatment. Nitrogen application was initiated at transplanting and concluded before or at topping. Applications of nitrogen were either soil applied at each interval or were soil applied until topping where application occurred over top to promote stalk rundown. Leaf tissue samples were collected at layby and topping to evaluate total nitrogen content throughout the growing season. Composite cured leaf tissue samples from all four stalk positions were analyzed for total alkaloid and reducing-sugar content. Yield data were collected and leaf quality was determin...}, journal={Tobacco Science}, publisher={Tobacco Science}, author={Drake, M.P and Vann, M.C and Fisher, L.R}, year={2015}, month={Jan}, pages={26–34} }
 @article{vann_fisher_2014, title={Azoxystrobin, butralin, and flumetralin residues in flue-cured tobacco}, volume={51}, journal={Tobacco Science}, author={Vann, M.C and Fisher, L.R.}, year={2014}, pages={23–28} }
 @article{vann_fisher_stewart_2013, title={Bifenthrin, clothianidin, and flubendiamide residues in flue-cured tobacco}, volume={50}, journal={Tobacco Science}, author={Vann, M.C. and Fisher, L.R. and Stewart, A.M.}, year={2013}, pages={25–30} }
 @article{vann_fisher_jordan_smith_hardy_stewart_2013, title={Potassium Rate and Application Effect on Flue-Cured Tobacco}, volume={105}, ISSN={["0002-1962"]}, url={http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?eid=2-s2.0-84875203584&partnerID=MN8TOARS}, DOI={10.2134/agronj2012.0259}, abstractNote={Research was conducted at two locations in 2009 and 2010 to evaluate the effect of various K rates and application methods on the yield and quality of flue‐cured tobacco (Nicotiana tabacum L.). Treatments included five rates of K from sulfate of potash magnesia (0–0–22): 0, 84, 140, 196, and 252 kg K2O ha−1 that were applied: broadcast 1 mo before transplanting, broadcast 1 wk before transplanting, banded at transplanting, and a split application with one‐half rate banded at transplanting followed by one‐half rate banded at layby. Tissue samples were collected throughout the season at three separate growth stages: layby, topping, and after curing. Tissue samples were analyzed for total alkaloid and reducing sugars, N, P, K, and Mg content. Soil samples were collected the same day as K fertilizer application from plots not receiving supplemental K. Data were subjected to ANOVA using the PROC GLM procedure in SAS. Treatment means were separated using Fisher’s Protected LSD test at p ≤ 0.05. Application method and timing had no effect on any measured parameters; furthermore, crop yield and quality was not affected by K rates >0 kg K2O ha−1 at three of four locations. It is likely that early broadcast applications of K2O with current rate recommendations would only be of concern with combinations of conditions that included coarse soil textures, low K indices, and/or excessive leaching rainfall.}, number={2}, journal={AGRONOMY JOURNAL}, author={Vann, Matthew C. and Fisher, Loren R. and Jordan, David L. and Smith, W. David and Hardy, David H. and Stewart, Alexander M.}, year={2013}, pages={304–310} }
 @article{vann_fisher_jordan_hardy_smith_stewart_2012, title={THE EFFECT OF POTASSIUM RATE ON THE YIELD AND QUALITY OF FLUE-CURED TOBACCO (NICOTIANA TABACUM L.)}, volume={49}, DOI={10.3381/12-019r.1}, abstractNote={Research was conducted at 2 locations in 2009 and 2010 to determine the effect of potassium rate on the yield and quality of flue-cured tobacco. Treatments included 8 rates of potassium from sulfate of potash magnesia (K-Mag, 0–0–22): 0, 84, 112, 140, 168, 196, 224, and 252 kg K2O ha−1. A complete (N–P–K) fertilizer that supplied 134 kg K2O ha−1 was also included as a control treatment. All fertilizer was applied in a single band application within 10 days after transplanting. Yield was measured and samples were assigned an official U.S. Department of Agriculture (USDA) grade. Crop value was determined based on yield and grade. Tissue samples were collected throughout the season at 3 separate times: at layby, at topping, and after curing. Tissue samples were analyzed for total alkaloid and reducing sugar content as well as N, P, K, and Mg content at North Carolina State University. Soil samples were also collected at transplanting, which corresponded with potassium fertilizer application, and were analyze...}, journal={Tobacco Science}, publisher={Tobacco Science}, author={Vann, M. C. and Fisher, L. R. and Jordan, D. L. and Hardy, D. H. and Smith, W. D. and Stewart, A. M.}, year={2012}, month={Jan}, pages={14–20} }
 @article{lewis_hoyle_fisher_yelverton_richardson_2011, title={Effect of Simulated Aminocyclopyrachlor Drift on Flue-Cured Tobacco}, volume={25}, ISSN={["0890-037X"]}, DOI={10.1614/wt-d-11-00037.1}, abstractNote={Flue-cured tobacco is sensitive to foliar and soil residues of off-target synthetic auxin drift. Aminocyclopyrachlor is a newly developed synthetic auxin herbicide that may be used in right-of-way applications for broadleaf weed and brush control. Aminocyclopyrachlor is considered a reduced-risk alternative in rights-of-way compared with similar compounds because of its low application rate and volatility risk. However, no research is available on the response of field-grown, flue-cured tobacco to aminocyclopyrachlor drift exposure. Research was conducted in 2009 and 2010 at the Border Belt Tobacco Research Station in Whiteville, NC, to determine the response of ‘NC 71’ flue-cured tobacco to five simulated drift rates of aminocyclopyrachlor (0.31, 1.6, 3.1, 15.7, and 31.4 g ae ha−1) and one aminopyralid (6.1 g ae ha−1) simulated drift rates applied pretransplant incorporated, pretransplant unincorporated, 3 wk after transplant, and 6 wk after transplant. All herbicide rates and application timings caused significant visual tobacco injury, ranging from slight to severe with increasing herbicide drift rates. Tobacco plant heights and fresh weights were reduced at all application timings receiving ≥ 15.7 g ha−1aminocyclopyrachlor and the comparative aminopyralid rate.}, number={4}, journal={WEED TECHNOLOGY}, author={Lewis, D. F. and Hoyle, S. T. and Fisher, L. R. and Yelverton, F. H. and Richardson, R. J.}, year={2011}, pages={609–615} }
 @article{troxer_fisher_smith_wilcut_2007, title={Absorption, translocation, and metabolism of foliar-applied trifloxysulfuron in tobacco}, volume={21}, DOI={10.1614/WT-06-126.1}, number={2}, journal={Weed Technology}, author={Troxer, S. C. and Fisher, L. R. and Smith, W. D. and Wilcut, J. W.}, year={2007}, pages={421–425} }
 @article{fisher_burke_price_smith_wilcut_2006, title={Uptake, translocation, and metabolism of root absorbed sulfentrazone and sulfentrazone plus clomazone in flue-cured tobacco transplants}, volume={20}, ISSN={["0890-037X"]}, DOI={10.1614/WT-05-182.1}, abstractNote={Research was conducted to evaluate root uptake, translocation, and metabolism of14C-sulfentrazone alone or in a mixture with clomazone in solution in flue-cured tobacco transplants. Uptake and translocation of sulfentrazone was rapid and was not affected by the addition of clomazone. Fifty-nine and 65% of the14C absorbed by the plant was translocated to the leaves within 24 h with sulfentrazone alone and in the clomazone plus sulfentrazone mixture, respectively. Differences in plant metabolism were observed between sulfentrazone alone and sulfentrazone plus clomazone. After 3 h, 66% of the14C recovered from the leaves was metabolized when sulfentrazone was applied alone, compared to 91% when sulfentrazone was applied with clomazone. The difference could indicate that metabolism of sulfentrazone by tobacco transplants was enhanced by the presence of clomazone.}, number={4}, journal={WEED TECHNOLOGY}, author={Fisher, Loren R. and Burke, Ian C. and Price, Andrew J. and Smith, W. David and Wilcut, John W.}, year={2006}, pages={898–902} }
 @article{jordan_barnes_bogle_marshall_corbett_crozier_mclawhorn_fisher_2005, title={Influence of cultural practices and crop rotation on kenaf yield in North Carolina}, ISBN={1543-7833}, DOI={10.1094/cm-2005-0913-01-rs}, abstractNote={Kenaf is a relatively new crop to North Carolina and its impact on cropping systems has not been clearly determined. The impacts of crop rotation on kenaf, as well as the impacts of kenaf on rotation crops were examined. Crops preceding kenaf included corn, soybean, cotton, and peanut while crops following kenaf or corn included corn, soybean, cotton, peanut, and tobacco. Experiments were also conducted to define interactions among kenaf planting dates, row width/plant population systems, and cultivars. In one of two years, kenaf yield was lower when kenaf followed peanut or soybean compared to following cotton. Peanut and soybean yield were similar when following either corn and kenaf. However, corn and cotton yield was lower in one of two years when following corn compared to kenaf. Tobacco yield was similar when planted following either corn or kenaf. The interaction of planting date, row width/plant population, and cultivar was not significant for kenaf yield. No yield differences were observed between kenaf cultivars Everglade 41 and Tainung 2. Kenaf yield was higher when planted May 15 rather than June 15 and when kenaf was planted in rows spaced 8 inches apart (total plant population of 261,000 plants per acre) compared to rows spaced 36 inches apart (total plant population of 174,000 plants per acre).}, journal={Crop Management}, author={Jordan, D. L. and Barnes, J. S. and Bogle, C. R. and Marshall, T. M. and Corbett, T. and Crozier, C. R. and McLawhorn, B. and Fisher, L.}, year={2005}, pages={1} }
 @article{porterfield_fisher_wilcut_smith_2005, title={Tobacco response to residual and in-season treatments of CGA-362622}, volume={19}, DOI={10.1614/wt-02-006}, abstractNote={Experiments were conducted to determine tobacco tolerance to CGA-362622 applied pretransplant (PRE-T) and postemergence (POST) to tobacco and applied the previous year preemergence (PRE) and POST to cotton. CGA-362622 applied at 3.75 or 7.5 g ai/ha PRE-T injured ‘K326’ flue-cured tobacco 1%, whereas POST treatments resulted in 4 to 5% injury. Tobacco injury was transient with no mid- or late-season injury noted. Tobacco yields from all CGA-362622 POST treatments were not different from the nontreated weed-free check. Tobacco treated with 7.5 g/ha CGA-362622 PRE-T yielded greater than nontreated weed-free tobacco or tobacco treated with CGA-362622 POST. When grown in rotation, tobacco was not injured, and yields were not influenced by CGA-362622 applied PRE or POST to cotton the previous year. Nomenclature: CGA-362622; cotton, Gossypium hirsutum L.; tobacco, Nicotiana tabacum L. Additional index words: Carryover, crop injury, sulfonylurea herbicide. Abbreviations: ALS, acetolactate synthase; LAYBY, late POST-directed; POST, postemergence; PPI, preplant incorporated; PRE, preemergence; PRE-T, pretransplant.}, number={1}, journal={Weed Technology}, author={Porterfield, D. and Fisher, L. R. and Wilcut, J. W. and Smith, W. D.}, year={2005}, pages={05-} }
 @article{thomas_troxler_smith_fisher_wilcut_2005, title={Uptake, translocation, and metabolism of sulfentrazone in peanut, prickly sida (Sida spinosa), and pitted morningglory (Ipomoea lacunosa)}, volume={53}, ISSN={["1550-2759"]}, DOI={10.1614/WS-04-085R2}, abstractNote={Studies were conducted to evaluate uptake, translocation, and metabolism of root-absorbed14C-sulfentrazone in peanut, prickly sida, and pitted morningglory. Peanut absorbed more than five and three times greater14C-sulfentrazone than pitted morningglory and prickly sida, respectively. All plant species translocated appreciable amounts (≥ 39%) of radioactivity to the leaves. The three plant species had some capacity to metabolize14C-sulfentrazone. At 3 h after treatment, 7, 29, and 71% of the radioactivity in the shoots of peanut, prickly sida, and pitted morningglory, respectively, was sulfentrazone. Sulfentrazone levels in the shoots at 3 and 6 h after treatment correspond to reported tolerance levels, with peanut being the most tolerant of the three species, whereas prickly sida and pitted morningglory are moderately tolerant and completely susceptible to sulfentrazone, respectively. Levels of metabolites varied among species, plant part, and harvest timing. On the basis of these data, tolerance in peanut is largely due to its ability to rapidly metabolize sulfentrazone.}, number={4}, journal={WEED SCIENCE}, author={Thomas, WE and Troxler, SC and Smith, WD and Fisher, LR and Wilcut, JW}, year={2005}, pages={446–450} }
 @article{burke_thomas_pline-srnic_fisher_smith_wilcut_2005, title={Yield and physiological response of flue-cured tobacco to simulated glyphosate drift}, volume={19}, ISSN={["0890-037X"]}, DOI={10.1614/WT-03-219R}, abstractNote={Field trials were conducted in 2001 at the Tobacco Research Station near Oxford, NC, and in 2002 at the Lower Coastal Plains Research Station near Kinston, NC, to determine tobacco yield, injury, and shikimic acid accumulation in response to simulated glyphosate drift. Glyphosate was applied to 12- to 13-cm-high tobacco ‘K326’ early postemergence at 0, 9, 18, 35, 70, 140, 280, 560, and 1,120 (1×) g ai/ha. Crop injury was rated 7 and 35 d after treatment (DAT) and shikimic acid accumulation in leaves at 7 DAT, tobacco yield, and leaf grade index (whole-plant index of harvest interval leaf value) were also assessed. Shikimic acid accumulation and injury symptoms increased similarly as glyphosate rate increased. Glyphosate rates of 140 g/ha (0.125 of recommended rate) or higher resulted in significant crop injury, reduced tobacco yield, and decreased leaf grade index. Shikimic acid accumulation at 7 DAT was inversely related to tobacco yield. Shikimic acid accumulation was found to be an effective diagnostic tool to determine glyphosate drift in tobacco; however, in-season data are needed to correlate shikimic acid accumulation with yield loss.}, number={2}, journal={WEED TECHNOLOGY}, author={Burke, IC and Thomas, WE and Pline-Srnic, WA and Fisher, LR and Smith, WD and Wilcut, JW}, year={2005}, pages={255–260} }