@inbook{holland_larson_powell_holland_allen_nabaala_tome_seno_nampushi_2024, title={3 Impacts of tourism on support for conservation, local livelihoods, and community resilience around Maasai Mara National Reserve, Kenya}, url={https://doi.org/10.4324/9781003508182-3}, DOI={10.4324/9781003508182-3}, author={Holland, Kathleen Krafte and Larson, Lincoln R. and Powell, Robert B. and Holland, W. Hunter and Allen, Lawrence and Nabaala, Moriaso and Tome, Salaton and Seno, Simon and Nampushi, James}, year={2024}, month={Jul} }
 @article{peterman_chesnut_gathings_martin_maier_evia_chavez_harris_busch_stover_et al._2024, title={Becoming the change we want to see: Aspirations and initial progress with diversity, equity, access, and inclusion practices to create welcoming environments and center community in informal science institutions}, volume={3}, ISSN={["2151-6952"]}, DOI={10.1111/cura.12621}, abstractNote={Abstract}, journal={CURATOR-THE MUSEUM JOURNAL}, author={Peterman, Karen and Chesnut, Lynn and Gathings, M. J. and Martin, Keshia and Maier, Allison Black and Evia, Jane Robertson and Chavez, Regina Ayala and Harris, Maren and Busch, K. C. and Stover, Darrell and et al.}, year={2024}, month={Mar} }
 @article{peterson_larson_hipp_beall_lerose_desrochers_lauder_torres_tarr_stukes_et al._2024, title={Birdwatching linked to increased psychological well-being on college campuses: A pilot-scale experimental study}, volume={96}, ISSN={["1522-9610"]}, DOI={10.1016/j.jenvp.2024.102306}, abstractNote={Exposure to nature is known to improve human health, but little is known about how one of the most common forms of nature engagement, birdwatching, impacts psychological well-being - especially among campus populations at great risk for experiencing mental health challenges. This study engaged 112 campus participants in a stepped design experiment evaluating the degree to which five >30 minute weekly birdwatching (n = 62) and nature walk (n = 77) exposures impacted self-reported subjective well-being (WHO-5) and psychological distress (STOP-D) levels relative to a control group (n = 81). The directions of all relationships supported hypotheses that nature-based experiences, and birdwatching in particular, would increase well-being and reduce distress. These results build on preliminary evidence of a causal relationship between birdwatching and well-being and highlight the value of considering well-being impacts for specific types of activities in nature, underscoring the need for future research with larger and more diverse samples.}, journal={JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL PSYCHOLOGY}, author={Peterson, M. Nils and Larson, Lincoln R. and Hipp, Aaron and Beall, Justin M. and Lerose, Catherine and Desrochers, Hannah and Lauder, Summer and Torres, Sophia and Tarr, Nathan A. and Stukes, Kayla and et al.}, year={2024}, month={Jun} }
 @article{sharaievska_mcanirlin_browning_larson_mullenbach_rigolon_cloutier_thomsen_reigner_metcalf_et al._2024, title={Influence of the COVID-19 Pandemic on Students’ Social Experience: A Cross-Sectional Qualitative Study across Seven Universities in the U.S.}, url={https://doi.org/10.1080/1937156X.2022.2138644}, DOI={10.1080/1937156X.2022.2138644}, abstractNote={The COVID-19 pandemic affected and continues to modify students’ social life and as a result may impact their long-term development. This study is a part of a larger research project focused on the psychological impacts of the COVID-19 pandemic on university students. For this manuscript, we employed content analysis to analyze 1,327 quotes related to changes in social experiences and outcomes related to these changes from a sample of 1,099 students from seven universities across the United States. Five major themes emerged from the data, including meaningful relationships, struggling emotions, missing out, social responsibility, and stagnant autonomy. These themes suggest that the COVID-19 pandemic could impact students’ development in terms of building social competence, recognizing and managing their emotions, becoming an independent adult, building mature and meaningful relationships with others, establishing identity, developing purpose, and building integrity (Chickering’s Seven Vectors). We calculated the frequency and percentage of each theme and provided suggestions for future research and practice. Recommendations for future research include in-depth exploration of students’ experiences during and after the pandemic using qualitative and longitudinal approaches. We also suggest adjusting practices among those who work with students to focus on a multiplicity of developmental goals unmet due to the COVID-19 pandemic.}, journal={SCHOLE: A Journal of Leisure Studies and Recreation Education}, author={Sharaievska, Iryna and McAnirlin, Olivia and Browning, Matthew H. E. M. and Larson, Lincoln R. and Mullenbach, Lauren and Rigolon, Alessandro and Cloutier, Scott and Thomsen, Jennifer and Reigner, Nathan and Metcalf, Elizabeth Covelli and et al.}, year={2024}, month={Jan} }
 @article{patwary_bardhan_disha_dzhambov_parkinson_browning_labib_larson_haque_rahman_et al._2024, title={Nature exposure and mental health during the COVID-19 pandemic: A Navigation Guide systematic review with meta-analysis}, url={https://doi.org/10.1016/j.envpol.2024.124284}, DOI={10.1016/j.envpol.2024.124284}, abstractNote={Prior reviews have highlighted that nature exposure was a valuable coping strategy enchancing mental health during the COVID-19 pandemic. However, no existing reviews have determined the quality of evidence and risk of bias of the empirical studies supporting this claim. To address this gap, we employed a Navigation Guide systematic review and meta-analysis approach to investigate associations between nature exposure and mental health during the pandemic. Searches in PubMed, Web of Science, Scopus, CINAHL, and PsycInfo retrieved relevant articles published between January 1, 2020, and March 4, 2024. We used the Navigation Guide methodology to assess the risk of bias and Grading of Recommendations, Assessment, Development, and Evaluations (GRADE) assessment to evaluate the overall quality of evidence. Our search retrieved 113 studies that met the inclusion criteria and reported diverse types of exposure, including nature availability, nature visit frequency, green space accessibility, and green space type, alongside associations with 12 mental health outcomes. Meta-analyses found access to gardens was associated with lower odds of depression [(Pooled OR=0.71, 95%CI=0.61, 0.82), I}, journal={Environmental Pollution}, author={Patwary, Muhammad Mainuddin and Bardhan, Mondira and Disha, Asma Safia and Dzhambov, Angel M. and Parkinson, Colby and Browning, Matthew H.E.M. and Labib, S.M. and Larson, Lincoln R. and Haque, Md. Zahidul and Rahman, Md Atiqur and et al.}, year={2024}, month={Sep} }
 @article{reas_stevenson_gibson_beall_larson_2024, title={Nature or the outdoors? Understanding the power of language in elementary students' self-reported connection to nature}, volume={1}, ISSN={["1469-5871"]}, url={https://doi.org/10.1080/13504622.2024.2311190}, DOI={10.1080/13504622.2024.2311190}, abstractNote={Many previous studies have measured elementary-aged students' connection to nature (CTN), but few have explicitly considered how the use of different terminology (e.g. 'nature' versus 'the outdoors') can influence those connections. We utilized a quasi-experimental design to test for differences in affective and self-reported connections to nature among diverse groups of fourth and fifth grade students from two elementary schools in Wake County, North Carolina. We used Mann–Whitney U tests to compare these outcomes between two versions of a survey, one using the word 'nature' (n = 112) and one using the word 'outdoors' (n = 113), for (1) the whole sample (n = 225) (2) between boys and girls, and (3) between students of color and white students. Self-reported CTN did not vary significantly based on terminology used, but we did find some differences in levels of emotional affinity that students associated with each term. Our results suggest that the differences in which young audiences perceive the terms 'nature' versus 'outdoors' are nuanced and may offer insight into how language about the environment may invoke different emotions among children.}, journal={ENVIRONMENTAL EDUCATION RESEARCH}, author={Reas, Julianne and Stevenson, Kathryn T. and Gibson, Lauren and Beall, Justin and Larson, Lincoln R.}, year={2024}, month={Jan} }
 @article{thompson-spain_bunds_larson_cutts_hipp_2024, title={Patient capital and no net loss: Applying institutional theory to understand publicly-owned mitigation banking in an urban context at a United States port}, volume={7}, ISSN={["1467-9299"]}, DOI={10.1111/padm.13010}, abstractNote={Abstract As urban areas grow, ecosystem extent and condition continue to decline. Some countries have adopted “no net loss” policies that require compensatory actions for unavoidable ecosystem losses. In the US, mitigation banking has emerged as a means of offsetting losses, but the system remains dominated by private commercial banks and mitigation outside of an urban context. With this in mind, we seek to understand the institutional drivers of innovative finance for urban mitigation projects at the public agency level. Applying institutional logics and institutional isomorphisms as theoretical foundations, we conducted a qualitative case study of innovative finance for habitat restoration at the Port of Seattle, a public port in Seattle, Washington (USA). Findings from interviews, focus groups, and document analysis suggest that hybrid institutional logics, unique organizational characteristics, and coercive and normative isomorphisms drive organizational change in this context, but significant barriers exist to establishing similar systems in the US.}, journal={PUBLIC ADMINISTRATION}, author={Thompson-Spain, Austin and Bunds, Kyle S. and Larson, Lincoln and Cutts, Bethany and Hipp, J. Aaron}, year={2024}, month={Jul} }
 @article{yoon_lee_larson_2024, title={Place attachment mediates links between pro-environmental attitudes and behaviors among visitors to Mt. Bukhan National Park, South Korea}, volume={15}, ISSN={["1664-1078"]}, DOI={10.3389/fpsyg.2024.1338650}, abstractNote={IntroductionEfforts to understand visitors’ participation in pro-environmental behaviors (PEB) are important for protected area management. Previous research in nature-based recreation settings suggests environmental attitudes may affect PEB, and that these relationships might be mediated by different dimensions of place attachment (place identity and place dependence).}, journal={FRONTIERS IN PSYCHOLOGY}, author={Yoon, Jee In and Lee, KangJae Jerry and Larson, Lincoln R.}, year={2024}, month={Feb} }
 @article{hitchner_kadam_bolques_harvey_perry_best_atkins_burke_larson_stukes_et al._2024, title={Promoting equity in the Conservation Reserve Program across the southeastern US}, volume={6}, ISSN={["1540-9309"]}, DOI={10.1002/fee.2775}, abstractNote={Black and female landowners, two of the largest groups of underserved landowners in the southeastern US, have considerably less land enrolled in the US Department of Agriculture's Conservation Reserve Program (CRP) than White and male landowners. The reasons for this discrepancy are complex and interrelated. Previous studies approached different facets of this problem using a variety of methods and analyses. Here, we conducted a synthetic literature review that demonstrates how the intertwined ecological, economic, and cultural concerns of underserved landowners influence their decisions about potential land conversion in the context of CRP requirements. Other studies have rarely considered such relevant factors as the sociocultural importance of land to underserved populations or the links between the limited participation of these groups in the CRP and historical racism and sexism in land management industries and agencies. Explicitly addressing these issues will help promote conservation equity in the CRP and other conservation programs.}, journal={FRONTIERS IN ECOLOGY AND THE ENVIRONMENT}, author={Hitchner, Sarah and Kadam, Parag and Bolques, Alejandro and Harvey, Alex and Perry, Alton and Best, Sherwynn and Atkins, Danielle and Burke, Felicia and Larson, Lincoln and Stukes, Kayla and et al.}, year={2024}, month={Jun} }
 @article{larson_rivera-zuniga_garst_keith_sudman_browne_2023, title={?Going Green?: Investigating Environmental Sustainability Practices in Camp Organizations across the United States}, volume={15}, ISSN={["1948-5123"]}, DOI={10.18666/JOREL-2023-11684}, abstractNote={Our study explored current environmental sustainability practices of U.S. camps as well as the motivations and barriers influencing integration of sustainable operational approaches. Using a web survey of camp organizations in Spring 2021, we identified participation in sustainable actions across five broad categories: waste management, sustainability education and communication, natural resource and wildlife conservation, energy and water consumption, and purchasing and procurement. Many camp organizations already engaged in sustainable practices—especially with respect to waste management and sustainability education—but almost all camps wanted to do more. Camp organizations placed higher priority on environmental and social motivations for sustainability than economic reasons. The largest perceived barrier to sustainability was inadequate financial and/or technological resources, though lack of awareness and capacity-building assistance were also constraints. Results highlight strong interest in sustainability across the camp industry and reveal multiple ways to realize that potential.}, number={1}, journal={JOURNAL OF OUTDOOR RECREATION EDUCATION AND LEADERSHIP}, author={Larson, Lincoln R. and Rivera-Zuniga, Josselyn and Garst, Barry A. and Keith, Samuel and Sudman, Danny and Browne, Laurie}, year={2023}, pages={94–110} }
 @misc{myers_mullenbach_jolley_cutts_larson_2023, title={Advancing social equity in urban tree planting: Lessons learned from an integrative review of the literature}, volume={89}, ISSN={["1610-8167"]}, DOI={10.1016/j.ufug.2023.128116}, abstractNote={Social equity has become a growing emphasis in urban tree planting programs, with multiple cities across the world aiming to reduce racial/ethnic and socio-economic disparities in tree canopy distribution. However, despite escalating concerns about equity in urban greening, there is a dearth of research that applies the principles of environmental justice – including both recognition and procedural justice - to tree planting, specifically. This integrative review identified and analyzed academic papers focused on social and environmental justice related to urban tree planting programs in the United States. We searched academic databases using keywords such as "social equity AND tree planting" to identify peer-reviewed papers on the subject. After several filtering steps, 15 papers published between 2004 and 2021 were analyzed to understand outcomes from strategies that cities have employed in pursuit of equitable tree planting and the factors that influenced their success. We characterized outcomes, documented challenges faced, and identified best practices for equitable urban greening. Critical lessons learned include the value of prioritizing distributional equity over the number of trees planted, the need to form community partnerships and engage communities in the tree planting programs, and the importance of providing funding and resources for ongoing tree maintenance after initial planting. More research is needed to build on the limited studies to date with the goal of effectively integrating multiple environmental justice dimensions (i.e., distributive, procedural, recognition) into urban tree planting programs.}, journal={URBAN FORESTRY & URBAN GREENING}, author={Myers, Genevieve and Mullenbach, Lauren E. and Jolley, Julianna A. and Cutts, Bethany B. and Larson, Lincoln R.}, year={2023}, month={Nov} }
 @article{hipp_larson_2023, title={Better Health is Right Outside Your Door}, url={https://doi.org/10.52750/216089}, DOI={10.52750/216089}, abstractNote={Parks and greenspaces are key to supporting a happier and healthier population, yet many people don't realize the unique health benefits that nature can provide.Learn how researchers at NC State are exploring connections between nature and human health, and discover ways that you can be part of this natural solution.}, author={Hipp, J. Aaron and Larson, Lincoln}, year={2023}, month={Aug} }
 @misc{li_browning_rigolon_larson_taff_labib_ben_yuan_mcanirlin_hatami_et al._2023, title={Beyond "bluespace" and "greenspace": A narrative review of possible health benefits from exposure to other natural landscapes}, volume={856}, ISSN={["1879-1026"]}, DOI={10.1016/j.scitotenv.2022.159292}, abstractNote={Numerous studies have highlighted the physical and mental health benefits of contact with nature, typically in landscapes characterized by plants (i.e., “greenspace”) and water (i.e., “bluespace”). However, natural landscapes are not always green or blue, and the effects of other landscapes are worth attention. This narrative review attempts to overcome this limitation of past research. Rather than focusing on colors, we propose that natural landscapes are composed of at least one of three components: (1) plants (e.g., trees, flowering plants, grasses, sedges, mosses, ferns, and algae), (2) water (e.g., rivers, canals, lakes, and oceans), and/or (3) rocks and minerals, including soil. Landscapes not dominated by plants or liquid-state water include those with abundant solid-state water (e.g., polar spaces) and rocks or minerals (e.g., deserts and caves). Possible health benefits of solid-state water or rock/mineral dominated landscapes include both shorter-term (e.g., viewing images) and longer-term (e.g., living in these landscapes) exposure durations. Reported benefits span improved emotional and mental states and medical treatment resources for respiratory conditions and allergies. Mechanisms underlying the health benefits of exposure consist of commonly discussed theories in the “greenspace” and “bluespace” literature (i.e., instoration and restoration) as well as less discussed pathways in that literature (i.e., post-traumatic growth, self-determination, supportive environment theory, and place attachment). This is the first review to draw attention to the potential salutogenic value of natural landscapes beyond “greenspace” and “bluespace.” It is also among the first to highlight the limitations and confusion that result from classifying natural landscapes using color. Since the extant literature on natural landscapes - beyond those with abundant plants or liquid-state water - is limited in regard to quantity and quality, additional research is needed to understand their restorative potential and therapeutic possibilities.}, journal={SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT}, author={Li, Hansen and Browning, Matthew H. E. M. and Rigolon, Alessandro and Larson, Lincoln R. and Taff, Derrick and Labib, S. M. and Ben, Jacob and Yuan, Shuai and McAnirlin, Olivia and Hatami, Nazanin and et al.}, year={2023}, month={Jan} }
 @article{busch_chesnut_stevenson_larson_black-maier_yelton_stover_2023, title={Collaborative capacity-building for collective evaluation: a case study with informal science education centers}, volume={5}, ISSN={["2154-8463"]}, url={https://doi.org/10.1080/21548455.2023.2216340}, DOI={10.1080/21548455.2023.2216340}, abstractNote={ABSTRACTABSTRACTThis paper reports on the results of a research-practice partnership that included a U.S. university research team and a state-funded grants program that supports informal science education. The goal of the 2-year partnership was to develop an empirically-tested model for collaboration and capacity-building (CCB) in support of collective evaluation. The model was implemented with 23 informal science education (ISE) organizations across one U.S. state. A comparison of pre and post-surveys indicate that the goals of the CCB model were attained. Participants reported an (1) increased perception of a common agenda, (2) increased capacity for conducting evaluation, and (3) increased peer-peer engagement. Participants also highlighted ongoing barriers to collective evaluation and suggested specific supports to overcome these barriers. This collaborative capacity-building model, although tested with ISE providers, is generalizable to other collective evaluation efforts.KEYWORDS: Evaluationcollective impactinformal science education AcknowledgmentsWe would like to thank all the participating ISE educators and institutions, who so enthusiastically engaged in evaluation with us and each other.Disclosure statementNo potential conflict of interest was reported by the author(s).Ethics statementThe study design was approved by the North Carolina State University Institutional Review Board (IRB Protocol #20486). Only those who consented to participate are included in this study. Participants were informed that their data would be used for research purposes and for publication. Participant identity is confidential.Additional informationFundingThis research was supported with a grant from the Institute of Museum and Library Services [grant number MG-70-19-0019-19].Correction StatementThis article has been corrected with minor changes. These changes do not impact the academic content of the article.}, journal={INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF SCIENCE EDUCATION PART B-COMMUNICATION AND PUBLIC ENGAGEMENT}, publisher={Informa UK Limited}, author={Busch, K. C. and Chesnut, Lynn and Stevenson, Kathryn and Larson, Lincoln and Black-Maier, Allison and Yelton, Charles and Stover, Darrell}, year={2023}, month={May} }
 @article{rezapour_browning_r. larson_rigolon_2023, title={Correlates of stress are interactive and not unidimensional: Evidence from US college students early in the COVID-19 pandemic}, volume={18}, ISSN={["1932-6203"]}, url={https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0271060}, DOI={10.1371/journal.pone.0271060}, abstractNote={Studies have investigated various aspects of how the COVID-19 pandemic has impacted college students’ well-being. However, the complex relationships between stress and its correlates have received limited attention. Thus, the main objective of this study is to evaluate multiplicative associations between stress and demographic, lifestyle, and other negative emotion factors during the pandemic. We used data from a survey with 2,534 students enrolled in seven U.S. universities and analyzed such data with generalized additive Tobit models and pairwise interaction terms. The results highlighted associations and interactions between myriad factors such as students’ social class, income, parental education, body mass index (BMI), amount of exercise, and knowing infected people in the student’s communities. For instance, we found that the associations between feeling irritable and sad due to the pandemic were interactive, resulting in higher associated stress for students with higher levels of parents’ education. Furthermore, associations between taking precautionary actions (i.e., avoiding travel and large gatherings) and stress varied with the intensity of negative feelings (i.e., sadness and irritability). Considering these interaction terms, the results highlighted a great inequality in pandemic-related stress within low income, lower social class, and higher BMI students. This study is among the earliest that employed a stratified approach with numerous interaction terms to better understand the multiplicative associations between different factors during the COVID-19 pandemic.}, number={4}, journal={PLOS ONE}, author={Rezapour, Mahdi and Browning, Matthew H. E. M. and R. Larson, Lincoln and Rigolon, Alessandro}, editor={Lin, Chung-YingEditor}, year={2023}, month={Apr} }
 @article{von furstenberg_vayer_larson_nils peterson_lee_stevenson_ahlers_anhalt‐depies_bethke_clark_et al._2023, title={Evaluating impacts of R3 workshops for first‐time hunters at universities across the United States}, volume={47}, ISSN={2328-5540 2328-5540}, url={http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/wsb.1482}, DOI={10.1002/wsb.1482}, abstractNote={Abstract}, number={3}, journal={Wildlife Society Bulletin}, publisher={Wiley}, author={von Furstenberg, Richard and Vayer, Victoria R. and Larson, Lincoln R. and Nils Peterson, M. and Lee, Kangjae Jerry and Stevenson, Kathryn and Ahlers, Adam A. and Anhalt‐Depies, Christine and Bethke, Taniya and Clark, Brian and et al.}, year={2023}, month={Aug} }
 @misc{rosa_fried_larson_collado_2023, title={Four challenges for measurement in environmental psychology, and how to address them}, volume={85}, ISSN={["1522-9610"]}, url={https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jenvp.2022.101940}, DOI={10.1016/j.jenvp.2022.101940}, abstractNote={• Clear construct definition is essential for the development of a measure. • The content of a measure should match the construct definition. • Understanding participants' comprehension and response process may be important. • The use of statistical models should be motivated by theory.}, journal={JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL PSYCHOLOGY}, author={Rosa, Claudio D. and Fried, Eiko I. and Larson, Lincoln R. and Collado, Silvia}, year={2023}, month={Feb} }
 @article{yeager_browning_breyer_ossola_larson_riggs_rigolon_chandler_fleischer_keith_et al._2023, title={Greenness and equity: Complex connections between intra-neighborhood contexts and residential tree planting implementation}, volume={176}, ISSN={["1873-6750"]}, url={https://doi.org/10.1016/j.envint.2023.107955}, DOI={10.1016/j.envint.2023.107955}, abstractNote={Associations between neighborhood greenness and socioeconomic status (SES) are established, yet intra-neighborhood context and SES-related barriers to tree planting remain unclear. Large-scale tree planting implementation efforts are increasingly common and can improve human health, strengthen climate adaptation, and ameliorate environmental inequities. Yet, these efforts may be ineffective without in-depth understanding of local SES inequities and barriers to residential planting. We recruited 636 residents within and surrounding the Oakdale Neighborhood of Louisville, Kentucky, USA, and evaluated associations of individual and neighborhood-level sociodemographic indicators with greenness levels at multiple scales. We offered no-cost residential tree planting and maintenance to residents within a subsection of the neighborhood and examined associations of these sociodemographic indicators plus baseline greenness levels with tree planting adoption among 215 eligible participants. We observed positive associations of income with Normalized Difference Vegetation Index (NDVI) and leaf area index (LAI) within all radii around homes, and within yards of residents, that varied in strength. There were stronger associations of income with NDVI in front yards but LAI in back yards. Among Participants of Color, associations between income and NDVI were stronger than with Whites and exhibited no association with LAI. Tree planting uptake was not associated with income, education, race, nor employment status, but was positively associated with lot size, home value, lower population density, and area greenness. Our findings reveal significant complexity of intra-neighborhood associations between SES and greenness that could help shape future research and equitable greening implementation. Results show that previously documented links between SES and greenspace at large scales extend to residents’ yards, highlighting opportunities to redress greenness inequities on private property. Our analysis found that uptake of no-cost residential planting and maintenance was nearly equal across SES groups but did not redress greenness inequity. To inform equitable greening, further research is needed to evaluate culture, norms, perceptions, and values affecting tree planting acceptance among low-SES residents.}, journal={ENVIRONMENT INTERNATIONAL}, author={Yeager, Ray and Browning, Matthew H. E. M. and Breyer, Elizabeth and Ossola, Alessandro and Larson, Lincoln R. and Riggs, Daniel W. and Rigolon, Alessandro and Chandler, Christopher and Fleischer, Daniel and Keith, Rachel and et al.}, year={2023}, month={Jun} }
 @misc{rosa_chaves_collado_larson_lee_profice_2023, title={Horticultural interventions may reduce adults' depressive symptoms: A systematic review of randomized controlled trials}, volume={91}, ISSN={["1522-9610"]}, url={https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jenvp.2023.102112}, DOI={10.1016/j.jenvp.2023.102112}, abstractNote={We conducted a systematic review to examine the effect of horticultural interventions (e.g., planting or taking care of plants) on people's depressive symptoms as assessed by depression outcome measures. On January 19 of 2022, the databases MEDLINE (PubMed), PsycArticles (APA), SCOPUS (Elsevier), Google Scholar, and ClinicalTrails.gov were searched from inception. The decision to include or exclude studies in the full text, the data extraction, and the risk of bias assessment were performed by two researchers. We identified 20 randomized controlled trials (RCTs) (n = 998 participants; all adults), from nine different countries. Overall, we found evidence that some horticultural interventions plus usual care (i.e., continuing normal routine for healthy people or treatment for unhealthy ones) may reduce depressive symptoms more than usual care alone, with most studies suggesting a moderate (Hedges'g ≥ 0.5) or large effect (g ≥ 0.8). The percentage of participants who dropped out from any of the horticultural interventions ranged from 0% to 40% and only one study reported adverse events (i.e., fatigue and tiredness) related to the intervention. Except for one study, all studies had some risk of bias due to design limitations, such as lack of participants' blinding and/or a prespecified analysis plan. Our findings suggest that some horticultural interventions are effective and safe to use as a complementary strategy to reduce adults' depressive symptoms. More RCTs are needed to understand how specific participants and intervention characteristics can alter the effect of horticultural interventions on depressive symptoms.}, journal={JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL PSYCHOLOGY}, author={Rosa, Claudio D. and Chaves, Talisson S. and Collado, Silvia and Larson, Lincoln R. and Lee, KangJae Jerry and Profice, Christiana C.}, year={2023}, month={Nov} }
 @article{cajiao_larson_leung_reas_2023, title={Making memories that matter: how do different recollections of an Antarctic tourism experience impact future conservation behavior?}, volume={10}, ISSN={["1747-7646"]}, url={https://doi.org/10.1080/09669582.2023.2272224}, DOI={10.1080/09669582.2023.2272224}, abstractNote={Antarctic tourism is increasing and diversifying leading to different types of experiences and memories. While the journey is considered a once-in-a-lifetime experience, little empirical research exists to understand memories’ formation and their influence on pro-environmental behavior intentions (PEBI). To explore these relationships, we used a mixed-method approach to analyze surveys collected from Antarctic tourists during 2019-2020. We identified two dimensions of memories that resulted in three distinct groups of tourists: the snapshot group likely to recall specific trip components, the reflective group likely to think and share about their experience, and the reflective & transformative group likely to indicate that their experience impacted them personally. We examined the relationships of these groups with experiential outcomes and PEBI. We found significant positive relationships, with the strongest outcomes in the reflective & transformative memory group. Our results suggest that tour operators have been effective at enhancing public awareness and conservation concerns by triggering reflective memories; however, there is still a need to effectively cultivate transformative memories. Through this exploratory research, we offer insights into specific actions that operators, guides, and travelers might consider for maximizing the memory-making experience and inspiring tangible outcomes regarding Antarctic conservation which might also translate into other tourism contexts.}, journal={JOURNAL OF SUSTAINABLE TOURISM}, author={Cajiao, Daniela and Larson, Lincoln and Leung, Yu-Fai and Reas, Julianne}, year={2023}, month={Oct} }
 @article{thompson_bunds_larson_cutts_hipp_2023, title={Paying for nature‐based solutions: A review of funding and financing mechanisms for ecosystem services and their impacts on social equity}, url={https://doi.org/10.1002/sd.2510}, DOI={10.1002/sd.2510}, abstractNote={Abstract}, journal={Sustainable Development}, author={Thompson, Austin and Bunds, Kyle and Larson, Lincoln and Cutts, Bethany and Hipp, J. Aaron}, year={2023}, month={Aug} }
 @article{rosa_chaves_collado_larson_profice_2023, title={The Effect of Nature-Based Adventure Interventions on Depression: A Systematic Review}, volume={5}, ISSN={["1552-390X"]}, url={https://doi.org/10.1177/00139165231174615}, DOI={10.1177/00139165231174615}, abstractNote={ We conducted a systematic review to synthesize evidence of the effect of nature-based adventure (NBA) interventions on depressive symptoms. Our search was conducted in April 2021 and utilized the following databases: MEDLINE (PubMed), PsycINFO, SPORTDiscus, CINAHL, Google Scholar, and Clinicaltrials.gov. Forty-two studies ( n = 2,689 participants) with different designs, published between 1979 and 2021, were included. Collectively, results suggest highly variable effects of NBA interventions on depressive symptoms, ranging from reductions in mean depression scores of up to 64% to increases in means scores of up to 18%. Patient adherence to interventions was also variable, and serious adverse events (e.g., leg fractures) did occur. Despite variability across studies, research generally showed that mountain-based and surfing interventions, coupled with other forms of care, may substantially reduce adults’ depressive symptoms more than usual care alone or no intervention, highlighting the potential benefits of some NBA activities for individuals experiencing depressive symptoms. }, journal={ENVIRONMENT AND BEHAVIOR}, author={Rosa, Claudio D. and Chaves, Talisson S. and Collado, Silvia and Larson, Lincoln R. and Profice, Christiana C.}, year={2023}, month={May} }
 @article{mullenbach_breyer_cutts_rivers_larson_2022, title={An antiracist, anticolonial agenda for urban greening and conservation}, volume={15}, ISSN={1755-263X 1755-263X}, url={http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/conl.12889}, DOI={10.1111/conl.12889}, abstractNote={Abstract}, number={4}, journal={Conservation Letters}, publisher={Wiley}, author={Mullenbach, Lauren E. and Breyer, Betsy and Cutts, Bethany B. and Rivers, Louie, III and Larson, Lincoln R.}, year={2022}, month={Jun} }
 @article{allf_cooper_larson_dunn_futch_sharova_cavalier_2022, title={Citizen Science as an Ecosystem of Engagement: Implications for Learning and Broadening Participation}, volume={72}, ISSN={0006-3568 1525-3244}, url={http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/biosci/biac035}, DOI={10.1093/biosci/biac035}, abstractNote={Abstract}, number={7}, journal={BioScience}, publisher={Oxford University Press (OUP)}, author={Allf, Bradley C and Cooper, Caren B and Larson, Lincoln R and Dunn, Robert R and Futch, Sara E and Sharova, Maria and Cavalier, Darlene}, year={2022}, month={Jun}, pages={651–663} }
 @article{cheung_leung_larson_2022, title={Citizen science as a tool for enhancing recreation research in protected areas: Applications and opportunities}, volume={305}, ISSN={0301-4797}, url={http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jenvman.2021.114353}, DOI={10.1016/j.jenvman.2021.114353}, abstractNote={As the popularity of nature-based recreation and tourism grows, protected area (PA) managers around the world are faced with escalating monitoring and management challenges across spatial and temporal scales. Citizen science, an emerging research approach which involves active public participation and collaboration with scientists in the scientific process, is an innovative tool that could help managers address these challenges. This study applied the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Review Recommendations (PRISMA) protocol to review published studies that utilized citizen science methods in recreation research, examining the extent and nature of such applications and identifying future opportunities. We identified 20 peer-reviewed journal articles from the Web of Science, most of which were published since 2015. These studies utilized different citizen science approaches to examine recreation patterns, behaviors, and impacts in terrestrial and marine PAs. We found that citizen science was used most often in marine PAs, with specialized recreationists (e.g., SCUBA divers) as the most frequent contributors. The types of volunteers recruited differed by their sources (i.e., general public, recreation specialists, and organizational affiliates) and roles (i.e., volunteers as agents of data collection and volunteers as research subjects), with innovative technology (e.g., participatory GIS) creating new engagement opportunities. Despite these benefits, the accuracy and reliability of citizen science data remain important considerations for managers. Our review demonstrates how citizen science can inform management and enhance public participation in PA stewardship activities, and it reveals the need for more research to explore applications of citizen science in different recreation contexts.}, journal={Journal of Environmental Management}, publisher={Elsevier BV}, author={Cheung, Suet Yi and Leung, Yu-Fai and Larson, Lincoln R.}, year={2022}, month={Mar}, pages={114353} }
 @article{mullenbach_larson_floyd_marquet_huang_alberico_ogletree_hipp_2022, title={Cultivating social capital in diverse, low-income neighborhoods: The value of parks for parents with young children}, volume={219}, ISSN={["1872-6062"]}, DOI={10.1016/j.lurbplan.2021.104313}, journal={LANDSCAPE AND URBAN PLANNING}, author={Mullenbach, Lauren E. and Larson, Lincoln R. and Floyd, Myron F. and Marquet, Oriol and Huang, Jing-Huei and Alberico, Claudia and Ogletree, S. Scott and Hipp, J. Aaron}, year={2022}, month={Mar} }
 @article{mullenbach_larson_floyd_marquet_huang_alberico_scott ogletree_aaron hipp_2022, title={Cultivating social capital in diverse, low-income neighborhoods: The value of parks for parents with young children}, volume={219}, ISSN={0169-2046}, url={http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.landurbplan.2021.104313}, DOI={10.1016/j.landurbplan.2021.104313}, abstractNote={Neighborhood built environment features, including parks, may contribute to social capital, but these relationships have not been adequately explored in communities of color. Our study focused on a specific subset of this population—a national sample of diverse, low-income parents with young children (n = 1,611)—to assess relationships between social capital, parks (e.g., access, visit frequency, and satisfaction), and other aspects of the built environment (e.g., perceptions of neighborhood walkability, traffic, and crime). We found that park satisfaction (a measure of park quality) was strongly linked to social capital among low-income parents, but park use frequency and access (both related to park quantity) were not. Neighborhood walkability and safety from crime were also strong positive correlates of social capital. Despite social benefits of parks, moderate to low ratings of park satisfaction, neighborhood walkability, safety from crime, and social capital within our sample suggest that inequities in park and neighborhood quality may prevent families who might benefit the most from social capital (i.e., low-income minority populations) from enjoying key resources needed to cultivate it. Cities hoping to enhance social capital in vulnerable communities would be wise to invest in quality parks and built environment features that create opportunities for positive social interactions among low-income parents with young children.}, journal={Landscape and Urban Planning}, publisher={Elsevier BV}, author={Mullenbach, Lauren E. and Larson, Lincoln R. and Floyd, Myron F. and Marquet, Oriol and Huang, Jing-Huei and Alberico, Claudia and Scott Ogletree, S. and Aaron Hipp, J.}, year={2022}, month={Mar}, pages={104313} }
 @article{vaughn_larson_peterson_pacifici_2022, title={Factors associated with human tolerance of snakes in the southeastern United States}, volume={3}, ISSN={["2673-611X"]}, DOI={10.3389/fcosc.2022.1016514}, abstractNote={Conservation of snakes is influenced by humans’ beliefs, attitudes, and behaviors toward these often-maligned animals. We investigated public attitudes toward snakes through an online survey of undergraduate students (n = 743) at a large public university in a southeastern U.S. state. We used behavioral intent (i.e., how a person would react if they encountered a snake) to assess tolerance of different snake species. We also examined various predictors of tolerance including demographic attributes and a variety of cognitive (e.g., knowledge, value orientations) and affective (e.g., emotions) social-psychological variables. Tolerance of snakes varied based on whether the snake was venomous or non-venomous: about 36% of students said they were likely to kill venomous snakes they encountered, compared with 9% who said they would kill non-venomous snakes and 21% of students who said they would kill snakes whose identity was uncertain. However, most students (54%) could not distinguish between venomous and non-venomous species. Value orientations and emotions were strong predictors of tolerance for snakes, suggesting snake outreach and management strategies should account for both cognitive and affective antecedents of behavior.}, journal={FRONTIERS IN CONSERVATION SCIENCE}, author={Vaughn, Audrey K. and Larson, Lincoln R. and Peterson, M. Nils and Pacifici, Lara B.}, year={2022}, month={Oct} }
 @article{larson_mullenbach_browning_rigolon_thomsen_metcalf_reigner_sharaievska_mcanirlin_d'antonio_et al._2022, title={Greenspace and park use associated with less emotional distress among college students in the United States during the COVID-19 pandemic}, volume={204}, ISSN={0013-9351}, url={http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.envres.2021.112367}, DOI={10.1016/j.envres.2021.112367}, abstractNote={The COVID-19 pandemic has negatively affected many people's psychological health. Impacts may be particularly severe among socially vulnerable populations such as college students, a group predisposed to mental health problems. Outdoor recreation and visits to greenspaces such as parks offer promising pathways for addressing the mental health challenges associated with COVID-19. During the early stages of the pandemic (March-May 2020), we surveyed 1280 college students at four large public universities across the United States (U.S.) to assess how, and why, outdoor recreation and park use changed since the emergence of COVID-19. We also measured students' self-reported levels of emotional distress (a proxy for psychological health) and assessed potential demographic and contextual correlates of distress, including county-level per capita park area and greenness, using generalized linear models. We found that 67% of students reported limiting outdoor activities and 54% reported reducing park use during the pandemic. Students who reduced their use of outdoor spaces cited structural reasons (e.g., lockdowns), concerns about viral transmission, and negative emotions that obstructed active lifestyles. Students who maintained pre-pandemic park use levels expressed a desire to be outdoors in nature, often with the explicit goal of improving mental and physical health. Emotional distress among students was widespread. Models showed higher levels of emotional distress were associated with reducing park use during the pandemic and residing in counties with a smaller area of parks per capita. This study of U.S. college students supports the value of park-based recreation as a health promotion strategy for diverse populations of young adults during a time of crisis.}, journal={Environmental Research}, publisher={Elsevier BV}, author={Larson, Lincoln R. and Mullenbach, Lauren E. and Browning, Matthew H.E.M. and Rigolon, Alessandro and Thomsen, Jennifer and Metcalf, Elizabeth Covelli and Reigner, Nathan P. and Sharaievska, Iryna and McAnirlin, Olivia and D'Antonio, Ashley and et al.}, year={2022}, month={Mar}, pages={112367} }
 @article{casola_beall_peterson_larson_price_2022, title={Influence of social media on fear of sharks, perceptions of intentionality associated with shark bites, and shark management preferences}, volume={7}, ISSN={["2297-900X"]}, DOI={10.3389/fcomm.2022.1033347}, abstractNote={Sharks, a critical component of marine ecosystems, represent one of the most threatened taxa globally. Shark conservation efforts are constrained by public fear and misperceptions. Positive social media-based outreach may provide one cost effective means to reduce fear of sharks and change misperceptions about shark bite intentionality. Using framing theory, which suggests that the ways in which information is presented influences how it is processed and the changes in perceptions that result from it, we experimentally evaluated impacts of positively and negatively framed YouTube videos on fear of sharks and perceptions of shark bite intentionality among participants from the coastal state of North Carolina (NC), USA in Spring 2020. Respondents took a pre-test, followed by a randomly assigned positive or negative video treatment consisting of ~15 min of shark week videos. Pre/post-test comparisons suggest positive YouTube content decreased fright by 24%, perceived danger by 27%, and perception of shark bite intentionality by 29%, whereas negatively framed media did the opposite. Positively framed media resulted in fewer respondents blaming shark bites on sharks, and resulted in more respondents blaming swimmers or no one. Positively framed media decreased support for lethal responses to shark bites, such as shark nets, hunting down sharks that bite people, and drum lines. The positive treatment increased support for responding with research, leaving the shark alone, and education. Negatively framed media decreased support for responding by leaving the shark alone or doing nothing and increased support for some lethal responses to shark bites (i.e., drum lines and hunting down sharks). When positive and negative treatments had different effect sizes, the positive treatments tended to be more impactful. Collectively these results suggest social media may be a valuable tool for leveraging the power of communication to promote shark conservation.}, journal={FRONTIERS IN COMMUNICATION}, author={Casola, William R. and Beall, Justin M. and Peterson, M. Nils and Larson, Lincoln R. and Price, Carol S.}, year={2022}, month={Oct} }
 @article{larson_hipp_2022, title={Nature-based Pathways to Health Promotion: The Value of Parks and Greenspace}, volume={83}, ISSN={0029-2559 0029-2559}, url={http://dx.doi.org/10.18043/ncm.83.2.99}, DOI={10.18043/ncm.83.2.99}, abstractNote={The built environment is a key social determinant of health. Exposure to parks and greenspace can improve physical and mental health and provide other benefits that enhance well-being. Programs and initiatives that capitalize on nature-based opportunities offer health care providers with a cost-effective alternative for upstream health promotion.}, number={2}, journal={North Carolina Medical Journal}, publisher={North Carolina Institute of Medicine}, author={Larson, Lincoln R. and Hipp, J. Aaron}, year={2022}, month={Mar}, pages={99–102} }
 @article{casola_beall_nils peterson_larson_brent jackson_stevenson_2022, title={Political polarization of conservation issues in the era of COVID-19: An examination of partisan perspectives and priorities in the United States}, volume={67}, ISSN={1617-1381}, url={http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jnc.2022.126176}, DOI={10.1016/j.jnc.2022.126176}, abstractNote={As a zoonotic disease with unprecedented global impacts, COVID-19 may influence how people prioritize issues related to wildlife conservation. Using a nationally representative sample of US residents, we investigated: (1) how COVID-19 affected the relative importance of conservation issues among adults with different political ideologies, and (2) how the pandemic affected political polarization of conservation issues during the 2020 general election in the United States. Conservation issues such as endangered species and controlling zoonotic disease ranked low in importance among the 14 policy issues considered, even lower than environmental issues such as climate change and environmental protection; however, the importance of all conservation issues increased as a result of COVID-19. Political polarization surrounding the perceived importance of conservation issues also increased during the COVID-19 pandemic, with Democrats reporting larger increases in importance than Republicans. Polarization was driven by the most conservative Republicans and the most liberal Democrats. But this polarization was less extreme than it was for other issues such as climate change and healthcare. Findings highlight the need for communicating links between zoonotic disease and human interactions with wildlife and the environment. Acting quickly may be critical in areas where conservation issues are primed to succumb to political polarization.}, journal={Journal for Nature Conservation}, publisher={Elsevier BV}, author={Casola, William R. and Beall, Justin M. and Nils Peterson, M. and Larson, Lincoln R. and Brent Jackson, S. and Stevenson, Kathryn T.}, year={2022}, month={Jun}, pages={126176} }
 @article{beall_jackson_casola_peterson_larson_stevenson_seekamp_2022, title={Self-reported participation in outdoor and nature-based recreation before and during the COVID-19 pandemic supports psychological health and well-being}, volume={3}, ISSN={2666-5581}, url={http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.wss.2022.100094}, DOI={10.1016/j.wss.2022.100094}, abstractNote={Restrictions associated with the COVID-19 pandemic significantly altered daily lives and affected human health and well-being. Outdoor and nature-based activities could potentially mitigate some of these negative impacts. To assess the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on outdoor recreation and subjective well-being, we combined two samples of U.S. adults collected from April 30th - June 15th, 2020 and from August 7th - August 26th, 2020 (total n = 2178) using Qualtrics XM. During the pandemic, participation in outdoor activities declined by 35%, participation in nature-based activities declined by 33%, and subjective well-being declined by 24%. Participation in outdoor activities and nature activities prior to the pandemic and during the pandemic predicted smaller declines in subjective well-being. Results highlight the importance of outdoor recreation for building resilience to changes in subjective well-being before and during global crises like the COVID-19 pandemic.}, journal={Wellbeing, Space and Society}, publisher={Elsevier BV}, author={Beall, Justin M. and Jackson, S. Brent and Casola, William R. and Peterson, M. Nils and Larson, Lincoln R. and Stevenson, Kathryn T. and Seekamp, Erin}, year={2022}, pages={100094} }
 @article{barger_larson_torquati_moody_ogletree_rosenberg_2022, title={The complex relationship between greenspace and well-being in children with and without autism}, volume={10}, ISSN={["1758-0854"]}, DOI={10.1111/aphw.12406}, abstractNote={Abstract}, journal={APPLIED PSYCHOLOGY-HEALTH AND WELL BEING}, author={Barger, Brian and Larson, Lincoln R. and Torquati, Julia and Moody, Eric and Ogletree, Scott and Rosenberg, Steven}, year={2022}, month={Oct} }
 @article{beall_pharr_von furstenberg_barber_casola_vaughn_peterson_larson_2022, title={The influence of YouTube videos on human tolerance of sharks}, volume={26}, ISSN={1367-9430 1469-1795}, url={http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/acv.12808}, DOI={10.1111/acv.12808}, abstractNote={Abstract}, number={2}, journal={Animal Conservation}, publisher={Wiley}, author={Beall, J. M. and Pharr, L. D. and von Furstenberg, R. and Barber, A. and Casola, W. R. and Vaughn, A. and Peterson, M. N. and Larson, L. R.}, year={2022}, month={Jul}, pages={154–164} }
 @article{rosa_collado_larson_2022, title={The utility and limitations of the New Ecological Paradigm scale for children}, volume={53}, ISSN={0095-8964 1940-1892}, url={http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00958964.2022.2044281}, DOI={10.1080/00958964.2022.2044281}, abstractNote={Abstract The New Ecological Paradigm (NEP) scale adapted for use with children (NEP-C) is one of the most frequently used measures of children’s environmental beliefs. Though widely utilized, the limitations of the NEP-C instrument are often overlooked. Based on a systematic synthesis of existing literature examining the NEP-C, we argue that the scale assesses specific types of beliefs within the larger NEP, that some children have difficulty comprehending items of this scale, and that the one-factor and three-factor models proposed in the original NEP-C did not achieve an exact fit to empirical data. Additionally, the relevance of the NEP-C total score as a predictor of children’s pro-environmental behaviors is questionable. Although the NEP-C is useful for measuring specific types of environmental beliefs, many researchers using this scale may be interested in broader constructs. We highlight potential benefits and drawbacks of using the NEP-C and discuss new directions for environmental education research. Supplemental data for this article is available online at https://doi.org/10.1080/00958964.2022.2044281 .}, number={2}, journal={The Journal of Environmental Education}, publisher={Informa UK Limited}, author={Rosa, Claudio D. and Collado, Silvia and Larson, Lincoln R.}, year={2022}, month={Mar}, pages={87–98} }
 @article{cajiao_leung_larson_tejedo_benayas_2022, title={Tourists’ motivations, learning, and trip satisfaction facilitate pro-environmental outcomes of the Antarctic tourist experience}, volume={37}, ISSN={2213-0780}, url={http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jort.2021.100454}, DOI={10.1016/j.jort.2021.100454}, abstractNote={Tourism in Antarctica has been growing and diversifying. While Antarctic tourists are purported to have meaningful interactions with the Antarctic environment, little empirical research exists to understand how motivations and trip characteristics of the Antarctic journey shape tourists' experiential outputs, which may in turn influence their pro-environmental outcomes. To examine these relationships, we conducted exploratory analyses using 242 pre-and post-trip surveys collected during the 2019–2020 Antarctic season. We identified four motivation types of Antarctic tourists: experience & learning, adventure into Antarctica, social bonding, and trip of a lifetime. Following the interactional model of tourist experience, we associated this motivation typology and trip characteristics with experiential outputs (Perceived Learning, Measured Learning, and Satisfaction) and pro-environmental outcomes (Environmental Concerns, Management Preferences, and Behavior Intentions). Our results indicated most tourists traveling to Antarctica already possessed high levels of pro-environmental attitudes and behavior intentions, leading to few significant changes after the journey. However, we found that the specific inputs of motivations and trip characteristics influenced experiential outputs in different ways -especially Perceived Learning and Satisfaction-, which were strongly associated with pro-environmental outcomes. Findings reinforce the importance of meaningful and transformative Antarctic tourist experiences in promoting sustainable human-environment interactions and provide new insights regarding tourists’ learning and experiential outcomes. Tourists traveling to Antarctica hold a diversity of expectations and motivations. These motivations interact with trip characteristics to influence tourists’ experiences. Enhanced understanding of these relationships could contribute to the Antarctic tourism industry efforts to develop strategic promotion, programming, and communication strategies that produce meaningful experiences and foster pro-environmental outcomes. As tourism diversifies, we should reflect on how the Antarctic tourist experience could become more customized and participatory, effectively inspiring Antarctic tourists to serve as stewards and ambassadors for the Last Frontier.}, journal={Journal of Outdoor Recreation and Tourism}, publisher={Elsevier BV}, author={Cajiao, Daniela and Leung, Yu-Fai and Larson, Lincoln R. and Tejedo, Pablo and Benayas, Javier}, year={2022}, month={Mar}, pages={100454} }
 @article{ogletree_larson_powell_white_brownlee_2022, title={Urban greenspace linked to lower crime risk across 301 major U.S. cities}, volume={131}, ISSN={0264-2751}, url={http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.cities.2022.103949}, DOI={10.1016/j.cities.2022.103949}, abstractNote={Greenspace enhances quality of life for urban residents in many ways, but it may also produce unexpected and undesired consequences. For example, a growing literature is exploring the relationship between greenspace and crime in cities, yielding mixed results. To address this question on a larger scale across diverse contexts, we used a multilevel modeling approach to investigate the relationship between different types of crime and urban greenspace in 59,703 census block groups within the 301 largest cities in the United States. After accounting for potential covariates of crime, including demographic, socioeconomic, and climate variables, we found that, on average, census block groups with more greenspace (measured by NDVI) had lower risk of both property (β = −0.66 [−0.70 to −0.61]) and violent crime (β = −0.25 [−0.28 to −0.22]). For property crime, this significant negative relationship held for all but one city in the sample (Cape Coral, FL), and no cities displayed a significant positive relationship. For violent crime a negative relationship was found for 289 cities and only three cities displayed a significant positive relationship (Chicago, IL, Detroit, MI, and Newark, NJ). Further research could strive to investigate the mechanisms fueling these significant and consistent trends and explore relationships between different types of crime and specific components and seasonal variations of greenspace.}, journal={Cities}, publisher={Elsevier BV}, author={Ogletree, S. Scott and Larson, Lincoln R. and Powell, Robert B. and White, David L. and Brownlee, Matthew T.J.}, year={2022}, month={Dec}, pages={103949} }
 @article{sharaievska_mcanirlin_browning_larson_mullenbach_rigolon_d’antonio_cloutier_thomsen_metcalf_et al._2022, title={“Messy transitions”: Students’ perspectives on the impacts of the COVID-19 pandemic on higher education}, volume={4}, ISSN={0018-1560 1573-174X}, url={http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10734-022-00843-7}, DOI={10.1007/s10734-022-00843-7}, abstractNote={The COVID-19 pandemic affected every area of students' lives, especially their education. Limited research has explored students' experiences during the pandemic. This study documents how students across seven United States universities viewed the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on their educational experiences and how these students reacted to these impacts. We present qualitative data from an online survey conducted between March and May 2020 that resulted in 1267 respondents with relevant data. Conventional content analysis with an inductive approach was used to analyze open-ended responses to the question, "We are interested in the ways that the coronavirus (COVID-19) pandemic has changed how you feel and behave. What are the first three ways that come to mind?" Six categories emerged from the data: changes in instruction delivery mode, changes in schedule and everyday life, increased technology use, decreased academic opportunities and resources, negative reaction to the changes in higher education, and positive reactions to changes in higher education. Among our recommendations for practice are personalized approaches to material delivery and evaluation, synchronous classes and opportunities to connect with professors and students, and convenient support services.}, journal={Higher Education}, publisher={Springer Science and Business Media LLC}, author={Sharaievska, Iryna and McAnirlin, Olivia and Browning, Matthew H. E. M. and Larson, Lincoln R. and Mullenbach, Lauren and Rigolon, Alessandro and D’Antonio, Ashley and Cloutier, Scott and Thomsen, Jennifer and Metcalf, Elizabeth Covelli and et al.}, year={2022}, month={Apr} }
 @article{lasky_parsons_schuttler_mash_larson_norton_pease_boone_gatens_kays_2021, title={Candid Critters: Challenges and Solutions in a Large-Scale Citizen Science Camera Trap Project}, volume={6}, ISSN={2057-4991}, url={http://dx.doi.org/10.5334/cstp.343}, DOI={10.5334/cstp.343}, abstractNote={Citizen science projects that use sensors (such as camera traps) to collect data can collect large-scale data without compromising information quality. However, project management challenges are increased when data collection is scaled up. Here, we provide an overview of our efforts to conduct a large-scale citizen science project using camera traps—North Carolina’s Candid Critters. We worked with 63 public libraries to distribute camera traps to volunteers in all 100 counties in North Carolina, USA. Candid Critters engaged 580 volunteers to deploy cameras at 4,295 locations across private and public lands, collecting 120,671 wildlife records and 2.2 million photographs. We provide eight key suggestions for overcoming challenges in study design, volunteer recruitment and management, equipment distribution, outreach, training, and data management. We found that citizen science was a successful and economical method for collecting large-scale wildlife records, and the use of sensors allowed for inspectable quality and streamlined acquisition. In three years, we collected roughly five times the number of verified mammal records than were previously available in North Carolina, and completed the work for less than the typical cost of collecting data with field assistants. The project also yielded many positive outcomes for adult and youth volunteers. Although citizen science presents many challenges, we hope that sharing our experiences will provide useful insight for those hoping to use sensors for citizen science over large scales.}, number={1}, journal={Citizen Science: Theory and Practice}, publisher={Ubiquity Press, Ltd.}, author={Lasky, Monica and Parsons, Arielle and Schuttler, Stephanie and Mash, Alexandra and Larson, Lincoln and Norton, Ben and Pease, Brent and Boone, Hailey and Gatens, Lisa and Kays, Roland}, year={2021} }
 @article{jackson_stevenson_larson_peterson_seekamp_2021, title={Connection to Nature Boosts Adolescents’ Mental Well-Being during the COVID-19 Pandemic}, volume={13}, ISSN={2071-1050}, url={http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su132112297}, DOI={10.3390/su132112297}, abstractNote={Growing evidence suggests that connection to nature may be linked to mental health and well-being. Behavioral changes brought about by the COVID-19 pandemic could negatively affect adolescents’ connection to nature, subsequently impacting health and well-being. We explored the relationship between connection to nature and well-being before and during the pandemic through a nationally representative survey of adolescents across the United States (n = 624) between April and June 2020. Survey items focused on connection to nature, mental well-being, and participation in outdoor activities before and during the pandemic. Paired-sample t-tests revealed declines in connection to nature, mental well-being, and participation in outdoor activities during the pandemic. Multiple linear regression analyses examining connection to nature’s mediating role between outdoor activity participation and mental well-being indicated that connection to nature fueled higher levels of mental well-being at both time intervals. Z scores comparing connection to nature’s mediating role between outdoor activity participation and mental well-being between time intervals indicate that during the pandemic, the direct effect of outdoor activities on mental well-being increased, generating a greater impact than before the pandemic. This study illustrates how the health and well-being benefits associated with adolescents’ outdoor activities are reinforced when those activities also foster a stronger connection to nature.}, number={21}, journal={Sustainability}, publisher={MDPI AG}, author={Jackson, S. Brent and Stevenson, Kathryn T. and Larson, Lincoln R. and Peterson, M. Nils and Seekamp, Erin}, year={2021}, month={Nov}, pages={12297} }
 @article{beall_casola_peterson_larson_carr_seekamp_stevenson_jackson_2021, title={Cultural Cognition and Ideological Framing Influence Communication About Zoonotic Disease in the Era of COVID-19}, volume={6}, ISSN={2297-900X}, url={http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/fcomm.2021.645692}, DOI={10.3389/fcomm.2021.645692}, abstractNote={The efficacy of science communication can be influenced by the cultural values and cognitions of target audiences, yet message framing rarely accounts for these cognitive factors. To explore the effects of message framing tailored to specific audiences, we investigated relationships between one form of cultural cognition—political ideology—and perceptions about the zoonotic origins of the COVID-19 pandemic using a nationally representative Qualtrics XM panel (n = 1,554) during August 2020. First, we examined differences in attitudes towards science (in general) and COVID-19 (specifically) based on political ideology. We found that, compared to conservatives and moderates, liberals trusted science more, were less skeptical of science, perceived greater risk from COVID-19, were more likely to believe in a wildlife origin of COVID-19, and were more likely to support restrictions on wildlife trade. Second, we examined the influence of cultural framing on the perceived validity of science related to COVID-19. Respondents were randomly assigned to one of three treatment groups: 1) a technocratic framing that highlighted feats of human ingenuity to overcome zoonoses; 2) a regulatory framing that highlighted regulations and expansions of protected areas for wildlife as a means to prevent zoonoses, and 3) a control article about traffic lights with no cultural framing. After reading the initial framing article, all three groups read the same fictional, yet factually accurate, ‘Nature Science study’ generated by the authors. An OLS regression model revealed a significant interaction between the technocratic framing and political ideology. Relative to the control group, the technocratic framing slightly increased perceived validity of the Nature Science study for conservatives, significantly lowered perceived validity for liberals, and had no impact on moderates. We did not detect any significant interaction between framing and political ideology for the regulatory framing. Findings of this study highlight the need to account for cultural cognitions when communicating about COVID-19 and other zoonotic diseases. Communication strategies carefully designed to resonate with ideologically diverse audiences may ultimately lead to bipartisan support for actions required to promote “One Health” approaches that reduce the impacts of zoonoses on human and environmental health.}, journal={Frontiers in Communication}, publisher={Frontiers Media SA}, author={Beall, Justin M. and Casola, William R. and Peterson, M Nils. and Larson, Lincoln R. and Carr, Wylie A. and Seekamp, Erin and Stevenson, Kathryn T. and Jackson, S Brent}, year={2021}, month={May} }
 @article{vayer_larson_peterson_lee_von furstenberg_choi_stevenson_ahlers_anhalt‐depies_bethke_et al._2021, title={Diverse University Students Across the United States Reveal Promising Pathways to Hunter Recruitment and Retention}, volume={85}, ISSN={0022-541X 1937-2817}, url={http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jwmg.22055}, DOI={10.1002/jwmg.22055}, abstractNote={ABSTRACT}, number={5}, journal={The Journal of Wildlife Management}, publisher={Wiley}, author={Vayer, Victoria R. and Larson, Lincoln R. and Peterson, M. Nils and Lee, Kangjae Jerry and Von Furstenberg, Richard and Choi, Daniel Y. and Stevenson, Kathryn and Ahlers, Adam A. and Anhalt‐Depies, Christine and Bethke, Taniya and et al.}, year={2021}, month={May}, pages={1017–1030} }
 @article{rosa_larson_collado_profice_2021, title={Forest therapy can prevent and treat depression: Evidence from meta-analyses}, volume={57}, ISSN={1618-8667}, url={http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ufug.2020.126943}, DOI={10.1016/j.ufug.2020.126943}, abstractNote={Forest therapy involves engaging in a combination of forest-based activities to improve one's health or wellbeing. We conducted an overview of systematic reviews (SRs) and meta-analyses of primary studies to provide the most comprehensive summary of the effect of forest therapy on depression. We included 13 primary studies that matched our eligibility criteria - all were included in four recent SRs and were conducted in the Republic of Korea. We carried out meta-analyses with data extracted directly from these 13 studies and assessed their risk of bias. Outcomes of interest were depressive symptoms, temporary recovery from depression (i.e. remission), response to treatment (i.e. ≥ 50 % reduction on depressive symptoms from baseline), adherence to treatment, and adverse effects. Considering pooled estimates from randomized controlled trials with adults, we found that compared to no intervention/usual care, forest therapy produced a greater reduction of depressive symptoms (Hedges'g = 1.18, 95 % CI [0.86, 1.50], p < .00001). Also compared to no intervention/usual care, participants in the forest therapy group were 17 times as likely to achieve remission (Risk Ratio = 17.02, 95 % CI [3.40, 85.21], p = .0006) and three times as likely to have a ≥ 50 % reduction on depressive symptoms (Risk Ratio = 3.18, 95 % CI [1.94, 5.21], p < .00001). Forest therapy, on average, reduced depressive symptoms more than engaging in similar activities in a hospital or non-forested urban area, or participating in an intervention focused on diet plus forest-based exercise. We did not find evidence that adherence to forest therapy is different from the adherence to alternative interventions and the adverse effects of forest therapy appear to be rare. These results indicate that, relative to many more conventional alternatives, forest therapy is a more effective short-term intervention for the prevention and treatment of depression in adults.}, journal={Urban Forestry & Urban Greening}, publisher={Elsevier BV}, author={Rosa, Claudio D. and Larson, Lincoln R. and Collado, Silvia and Profice, Christiana C.}, year={2021}, month={Jan}, pages={126943} }
 @article{holland_larson_powell_holland_allen_nabaala_tome_seno_nampushi_2021, title={Impacts of tourism on support for conservation, local livelihoods, and community resilience around Maasai Mara National Reserve, Kenya}, volume={5}, ISSN={0966-9582 1747-7646}, url={http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/09669582.2021.1932927}, DOI={10.1080/09669582.2021.1932927}, abstractNote={Abstract The tourism enterprise-based approach to conservation can diversify livelihood opportunities in and around protected areas while incentivizing conservation support and building community resilience. However, the use of tourism as a tool for integrated conservation and development (ICD) has produced mixed results, underscoring the need for adaptive management that accounts for local context. We used a mixed-methods approach to examine how individual and community-level involvement in tourism influenced support for conservation, reliance on the natural environment, and perceptions of governance and community resilience in communities around Maasai Mara National Reserve, Kenya. During January 2017, we surveyed households in three communities (n = 197) with varying levels of tourism involvement and conducted focus groups with village elders (n = 28). Individuals and communities who engaged in tourism-related livelihoods expressed stronger support for conservation and reduced reliance on the natural environment. Links between tourism and environmental, social, and economic resilience varied. Results suggest the presence of a tourism sweet spot where moderate levels of tourism facilitate alignment of conservation and community development goals. Communities that achieve equitable access to and engagement in tourism and associated benefits may be more resilient and better positioned to capitalize on linkages between tourism-based livelihoods and biodiversity conservation. Supplemental data for this article is available online at https://doi.org/10.1080/09669582.2021.1932927 .}, journal={Journal of Sustainable Tourism}, publisher={Informa UK Limited}, author={Holland, Kathleen Krafte and Larson, Lincoln R. and Powell, Robert B. and Holland, W. Hunter and Allen, Lawrence and Nabaala, Moriaso and Tome, Salaton and Seno, Simon and Nampushi, James}, year={2021}, month={Jun}, pages={1–23} }
 @article{cooper_hawn_larson_parrish_bowser_cavalier_dunn_haklay_gupta_jelks_et al._2021, title={Inclusion in citizen science: The conundrum of rebranding}, volume={372}, ISSN={0036-8075 1095-9203}, url={http://dx.doi.org/10.1126/science.abi6487}, DOI={10.1126/science.abi6487}, abstractNote={Does replacing the term “citizen science” do more harm than good?}, number={6549}, journal={Science}, publisher={American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)}, author={Cooper, Caren B. and Hawn, Chris L. and Larson, Lincoln R. and Parrish, Julia K. and Bowser, Gillian and Cavalier, Darlene and Dunn, Robert R. and Haklay, Mordechai (Muki) and Gupta, Kaberi Kar and Jelks, Na'Taki Osborne and et al.}, year={2021}, month={Jun}, pages={1386–1388} }
 @article{smith_allf_larson_futch_lundgren_pacifici_cooper_2021, title={Leveraging Citizen Science in a College Classroom to Build Interest and Efficacy for Science and the Environment}, volume={6}, ISSN={2057-4991}, url={http://dx.doi.org/10.5334/cstp.434}, DOI={10.5334/cstp.434}, abstractNote={University instructors can leverage citizen science resources to support student learning and cultivate interest and efficacy in science and the environment. In this case study, we examined learning outcomes of students from various majors participating in citizen science experiences as part of a general education science course at a large public university in the United States. In Spring 2019, students were assigned to collect arthropod data for an iNaturalist project. In Fall 2020, students chose between analyzing iNaturalist bumblebee observations or identifying plants using iNaturalist’s Seek app. In both years, study participants completed pre- and post-assignment surveys designed to assess interest in nature, self-efficacy for environmental action, interest in science, and self-efficacy for learning and doing science (n<sub>2019</sub> = 131, n<sub>2020</sub> = 78). Across all students, we found a significant increase in interest in science and a slight increase in all other variables. Compared with agriculture and natural resources majors, non-majors reported greater increases for all variables, significantly so for efficacy for environmental action and efficacy for learning and doing science. Overall growth was also more pronounced in 2020 than 2019, with 2020 gains greatest among students who chose to analyze iNaturalist data. Our findings suggest that integrating choice and different ways of engaging with citizen science into university curricula has the potential to bolster interest and efficacy, which facilitate learning, particularly among students enrolled in courses outside their major. Designing citizen science assignments that incorporate choice and accommodate diverse student interests and motivations can help achieve these goals.}, number={1}, journal={Citizen Science: Theory and Practice}, publisher={Ubiquity Press, Ltd.}, author={Smith, Haley and Allf, Bradley and Larson, Lincoln and Futch, Sara and Lundgren, Lisa and Pacifici, Lara and Cooper, Caren}, year={2021}, month={Dec}, pages={29} }
 @article{barger_torquati_larson_bartz_johnson-gaither_gardner_moody_rosenberg_schutte_murray_et al._2021, title={Measuring Green Space Effects on Attention and Stress in Children and Youth: A Scoping Review}, volume={31}, ISSN={1546-2250}, url={http://dx.doi.org/10.7721/chilyoutenvi.31.1.0001}, DOI={10.7721/chilyoutenvi.31.1.0001}, abstractNote={Abstract:This scoping review compiles 42 published studies measuring children's attention and/or stress responses to green space settings. Attention and stress outcomes include objective (e.g., physiological) and subjective (rating scale) traditions. Attention studies had two distinct subjective measurement traditions, one measuring ADHD symptoms, the other measuring attention restoration theory constructs. Correlational studies were more likely to use subjective scales for outcomes whereas experimental studies more frequently used objective measures or a mix of objective and subjective measures. Care should be taken when interpreting and extending this literature as the comparability of outcome variables across studies is unclear.}, number={1}, journal={Children, Youth and Environments}, publisher={Project Muse}, author={Barger and Torquati and Larson and Bartz and Johnson-Gaither and Gardner and Moody and Rosenberg and Schutte and Murray and et al.}, year={2021}, pages={1} }
 @article{bowers_larson_parry_2021, title={Nature as an Ecological Asset for Positive Youth Development: Empirical Evidence From Rural Communities}, volume={12}, ISSN={1664-1078}, url={http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2021.688574}, DOI={10.3389/fpsyg.2021.688574}, abstractNote={Despite increasing emphasis on youth contact with nature and associated benefits, research has not examined the direct relationship between adolescents' nature-based experiences and holistic measures of positive youth development (PYD). This gap may stem from the lack of interdisciplinary work on nature and PYD. Our study integrates multiple disciplinary perspectives to explore direct associations between time in nature, connection to nature, and the five Cs of PYD (competence, connection, confidence, character, and caring) as well as the “sixth” C of contribution. From 2015 to 2016, we collected data from 587 diverse South Carolina middle school students (57% female, 40% BIPOC) between the ages of 11 and 14 (Mage= 12.9) and living in predominantly low-income communities. OLS regression analyses indicated that across all youth, self-reported connection to nature was a consistent positive correlate of overall PYD and each of the individual Cs. Time in nature was associated with overall PYD and competence. Findings demonstrate significant associations between nature-based experiences and PYD and underscore the importance of ensuring that diverse youth can access and enjoy the developmental benefits of nature and nature-based recreation opportunities.}, journal={Frontiers in Psychology}, publisher={Frontiers Media SA}, author={Bowers, Edmond P. and Larson, Lincoln R. and Parry, Benjamin J.}, year={2021}, month={Jun} }
 @article{mullenbach_larson_floyd_marquet_huang_alberico_hipp_2021, title={Neighborhood built environment impacts park use of diverse, low-income mothers and their children}, volume={1}, ISSN={2766-4651}, url={http://dx.doi.org/10.51250/jheal.v1i3.16}, DOI={10.51250/jheal.v1i3.16}, abstractNote={Built environment features, including parks, often exacerbate health disparities. We examined built environment perceptions and park use among a population at high risk for physical health outcomes: racially diverse, low-income mothers across the United States. Perceived safety from crime and living near a park were associated with more frequent park use for mothers and their children, and neighborhood walkability was linked to longer park visits. However, only 40% of mothers lived within a ten-minute walk from a park, and perceptions of walkability and safety from crime were low. To enhance physical activity and health of low-income mothers and their children, investments are needed to close disparities in park access and improve neighborhood safety.}, number={3}, journal={Journal of Healthy Eating and Active Living}, publisher={Prof Pubs LLC}, author={Mullenbach, Lauren and Larson, Lincoln and Floyd, Myron and Marquet, Oriol and Huang, Jing-Huei and Alberico, Claudia and Hipp, Aaron}, year={2021}, month={Sep}, pages={98–110} }
 @article{jackson_stevenson_larson_peterson_seekamp_2021, title={Outdoor Activity Participation Improves Adolescents’ Mental Health and Well-Being during the COVID-19 Pandemic}, volume={18}, ISSN={1660-4601}, url={http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph18052506}, DOI={10.3390/ijerph18052506}, abstractNote={COVID-19 is reshaping human interactions with the natural environment, potentially generating profound consequences for health and well-being. To assess the effects of COVID-19 on the outdoor recreation participation and subjective well-being of adolescents, as well as how participation in outdoor activities may mitigate declines in subjective well-being, we used a Qualtrics XM panel to conduct a nationally representative survey of youth ages 10–18 across the United States (n = 624) between 30 April and 15 June 2020. Survey questions focused on frequency of participation in outdoor activities before and during the pandemic, as well as changes in subjective well-being. Paired t-tests revealed decreases in both outdoor recreation participation (64% reported declines) and subjective well-being (52% reported declines). A regression model examining correlates of changes in subjective well-being (R2 = 0.42) revealed strong associations with changes in outdoor play (B = 0.44, p < 0.001) and nature-based (B = 0.21, p = 0.016) activities. Adolescents’ from all backgrounds who participated in these activities during the pandemic reported smaller declines in subjective well-being. Results highlight the critical role that time outdoors and time in nature play in bolstering adolescents’ resilience to stressors such as the COVID-19 pandemic and underscore the need to facilitate outdoor recreation opportunities for youth during times of crisis.}, number={5}, journal={International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health}, publisher={MDPI AG}, author={Jackson, S. Brent and Stevenson, Kathryn T. and Larson, Lincoln R. and Peterson, M. Nils and Seekamp, Erin}, year={2021}, month={Mar}, pages={2506} }
 @article{browning_larson_sharaievska_rigolon_mcanirlin_mullenbach_cloutier_vu_thomsen_reigner_et al._2021, title={Psychological impacts from COVID-19 among university students: Risk factors across seven states in the United States}, volume={16}, ISSN={1932-6203}, url={http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0245327}, DOI={10.1371/journal.pone.0245327}, abstractNote={BackgroundUniversity students are increasingly recognized as a vulnerable population, suffering from higher levels of anxiety, depression, substance abuse, and disordered eating compared to the general population. Therefore, when the nature of their educational experience radically changes—such as sheltering in place during the COVID-19 pandemic—the burden on the mental health of this vulnerable population is amplified. The objectives of this study are to 1) identify the array of psychological impacts COVID-19 has on students, 2) develop profiles to characterize students' anticipated levels of psychological impact during the pandemic, and 3) evaluate potential sociodemographic, lifestyle-related, and awareness of people infected with COVID-19 risk factors that could make students more likely to experience these impacts.}, number={1}, journal={PLOS ONE}, publisher={Public Library of Science (PLoS)}, author={Browning, Matthew H. E. M. and Larson, Lincoln R. and Sharaievska, Iryna and Rigolon, Alessandro and McAnirlin, Olivia and Mullenbach, Lauren and Cloutier, Scott and Vu, Tue M. and Thomsen, Jennifer and Reigner, Nathan and et al.}, editor={Lin, Chung-YingEditor}, year={2021}, month={Jan}, pages={e0245327} }
 @article{larson_peterson_furstenberg_vayer_lee_choi_stevenson_ahlers_anhalt-depies_bethke_et al._2021, title={The future of wildlife conservation funding: What options do US college students support?}, volume={3}, ISSN={2578-4854 2578-4854}, url={http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/csp2.505}, DOI={10.1111/csp2.505}, abstractNote={Abstract}, number={10}, journal={CONSERVATION SCIENCE AND PRACTICE}, publisher={Wiley}, author={Larson, Lincoln R. and Peterson, Markus Nils and Furstenberg, Richard Von and Vayer, Victoria R. and Lee, Kangjae Jerry and Choi, Daniel Y. and Stevenson, Kathryn and Ahlers, Adam A. and Anhalt-Depies, Christine and Bethke, Taniya and et al.}, year={2021}, month={Jul}, pages={e505} }
 @article{johns_thomas_lundgren_larson_cooper_2021, title={Undergraduate Student Experiences with Citizen Science Highlight Potential to Broaden Scientific Engagement}, volume={6}, ISSN={2057-4991}, url={http://dx.doi.org/10.5334/cstp.419}, DOI={10.5334/cstp.419}, abstractNote={Opportunities for marginalized students (such as women, Black, Latinx, and Indigenous students, first-generation college students, LGBTQ+-identified individuals, and people/persons with disabilities) to engage in undergraduate research can help increase their persistence in STEM degrees and careers. The incorporation of citizen science projects into higher education provides unique opportunities for undergraduate students to get involved in scientific research, yet there is still much to be learned about how students, especially those with marginalized identities, interact with and perceive citizen science in higher education settings. Our goal was to understand student perspectives on citizen science, examine connections between participation in citizen science and student interest and sense of belonging in science, and explore how this varies based on demographic attributes. We did this using a case study with a mixed-methods design: a survey of students at a large predominantly white institution (PWI) (n = 143) and interviews with a subset of citizen science participants (n = 6). Results indicate that participation in citizen science occurred both within and outside of traditional classroom settings. Citizen science was valued most by students with an existing interest in science, and students who participated in citizen science projects reported a stronger sense of belonging in science. Our study uncovered challenges and misconceptions related to citizen science participation within higher education settings, highlighting the need for a commitment to broadening participation. Additional investigations of student perspectives regarding citizen science could allow for broader engagement of citizen science projects in higher education, ultimately helping to retain marginalized students in STEM. CORRESPONDING AUTHOR: Brianna Johns North Carolina State University, US briannaljohns@gmail.com}, number={1}, journal={Citizen Science: Theory and Practice}, publisher={Ubiquity Press, Ltd.}, author={Johns, Brianna and Thomas, Dana and Lundgren, Lisa and Larson, Lincoln and Cooper, Caren}, year={2021}, month={Dec}, pages={33} }
 @article{larson_zhang_oh_beam_ogletree_bocarro_lee_casper_stevenson_hipp_et al._2021, title={Urban Park Use During the COVID-19 Pandemic: Are Socially Vulnerable Communities Disproportionately Impacted?}, volume={3}, ISSN={2624-9634}, url={http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/frsc.2021.710243}, DOI={10.3389/frsc.2021.710243}, abstractNote={The COVID-19 pandemic altered human behavior around the world. To maintain mental and physical health during periods of lockdown and quarantine, people often engaged in outdoor, physically distanced activities such as visits to parks and greenspace. However, research tracking outdoor recreation patterns during the pandemic has yielded inconsistent results, and few studies have explored the impacts of COVID-19 on park use across diverse neighborhoods. We used a mixed methods approach to examine changes in park use patterns in cities across North Carolina, USA, during the COVID-19 pandemic, with an emphasis on impacts in socially vulnerable communities (based on racial/ethnic composition and socioeconomic status). First, we surveyed a demographically representative sample of 611 urban residents during August 2020 to assess their use of outdoor park spaces before and during the pandemic. Second, we used cell phone location (i.e., geo-tracking) data to document changes in park visits within 605 socioeconomically diverse urban census tracts before (July 2019) and during (July 2020) the pandemic. Data from both methods revealed urban park use declined during the pandemic; 56% of survey respondents said they stopped or reduced park use, and geo-tracked park visits dropped by 15%. Park users also became more homogenous, with visits increasing the most for past park visitors and declining the most in socially vulnerable communities and among individuals who were BIPOC or lower-income. Our results raise concerns about urban park use during the COVID-19 pandemic and suggest pre-existing health disparities in socially vulnerable communities might be exacerbated by inequitable access and utilization of parks and greenspace.}, journal={Frontiers in Sustainable Cities}, publisher={Frontiers Media SA}, author={Larson, Lincoln R. and Zhang, Zhenzhen and Oh, Jae In and Beam, Will and Ogletree, S. Scott and Bocarro, Jason N. and Lee, KangJae Jerry and Casper, Jonathan and Stevenson, Kathryn T. and Hipp, J. Aaron and et al.}, year={2021}, month={Sep} }
 @article{rieder_larson_'t sas-rolfes_kopainsky_2021, title={Using Participatory System Dynamics Modeling to Address Complex Conservation Problems: Tiger Farming as a Case Study}, volume={2}, ISSN={2673-611X}, url={http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/fcosc.2021.696615}, DOI={10.3389/fcosc.2021.696615}, abstractNote={Conservation practitioners routinely work within complex social-ecological systems to address threats facing biodiversity and to promote positive human-wildlife interactions. Inadequate understanding of the direct and indirect, short- and long-term consequences of decision making within these dynamic systems can lead to misdiagnosed problems and interventions with perverse outcomes, exacerbating conflict. Participatory system dynamics (SD) modeling is a process that encourages stakeholder engagement, synthesizes research and knowledge, increases trust and consensus and improves transdisciplinary collaboration to solve these complex types of problems. Tiger conservation exemplifies a set of interventions in a complex social-ecological system. Wild tigers remain severely threatened by various factors, including habitat constraints, human-wildlife conflict, and persistent consumer demand for their body parts. Opinions differ on whether commercial captive tiger facilities reduce or increase the threat from poaching for trade, resulting in policy conflict among diverse stakeholder groups. This paper explains how we are working with international conservation partners in a virtual environment to utilize a participatory SD modeling approach with the goal of better understanding and promoting coexistence of humans and wild tigers. We highlight a step-by-step process that others might use to apply participatory SD modeling to address similar conservation challenges, building trust and consensus among diverse partners to reduce conflict and improve the efficacy of conservation interventions.}, journal={Frontiers in Conservation Science}, publisher={Frontiers Media SA}, author={Rieder, Erica and Larson, Lincoln R. and 't Sas-Rolfes, Michael and Kopainsky, Birgit}, year={2021}, month={Sep} }
 @article{xiao_lee_larson_2021, title={Who visits U.S. national parks (and who doesn’t)? A national study of perceived constraints and vacation preferences across diverse populations}, volume={53}, ISSN={0022-2216 2159-6417}, url={http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00222216.2021.1899776}, DOI={10.1080/00222216.2021.1899776}, abstractNote={Abstract The mission of the U.S. National Park Service (NPS) is increasingly challenged by underrepresentation of visitors from low-income and racial/ethnic minority backgrounds. To better understand attributes of Americans who do and do not visit national parks, we used data from a national general population survey (N = 4,103) to examine the sociodemographic characteristics, constraints to visitation, and vacation preferences among three groups of NPS visitors (recent visitors, past visitors, and non-visitors). Results revealed significant differences in constraints and preferences among the three groups. Black, Hispanic, and lower-income respondents were least likely to visit NPS sites. Compared to White respondents, they were also less aware of NPS units, more concerned about safety, and more likely to prefer alternative vacations such as sporting events, theme parks, and socially and culturally oriented destinations. Results underscore the need for the NPS to enhance relevancy and diversity by providing attractive and accessible recreation opportunities for historically marginalized groups.}, number={3}, journal={Journal of Leisure Research}, publisher={Informa UK Limited}, author={Xiao, Xiao and Lee, KangJae Jerry and Larson, Lincoln R.}, year={2021}, month={Aug}, pages={404–425} }
 @article{cooper_larson_2020, title={Advice for collaborations among natural and social scientists}, volume={70}, ISSN={0006-3568 1525-3244}, url={http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/biosci/biaa029}, DOI={10.1093/biosci/biaa029}, number={5}, journal={BioScience}, publisher={Oxford University Press (OUP)}, author={Cooper, Caren B and Larson, lincoln R}, year={2020}, month={Mar}, pages={373–373} }
 @article{mccreary_seekamp_larson_smith_davenport_2020, title={Climate Change and Nature-Based Tourism: How Do Different Types of Visitors Respond?}, volume={12}, ISSN={2156-8316 2156-8324}, url={http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/21568316.2020.1861079}, DOI={10.1080/21568316.2020.1861079}, abstractNote={ABSTRACT Climate change will impact nature-based tourism communities by altering weather patterns and influencing the supply of outdoor recreation resources. Visitors to these such destinations respond through recreation substitution, altering when, where, and how they participate in outdoor pursuits. Understanding predictors of recreation substitution is important for destinations considering how to best adapt to climate change. Using visitor-intercept data (n = 1,398) we explored different visitor segments' intent to utilize recreation substitution in response to changing environmental conditions. Visitor segments characterized by low trip anticipation or a long travel distance were most likely to cancel their trips or travel elsewhere in pursuit of ideal recreation conditions. Spatial substitution was lower among visitors with higher degrees of destination loyalty, highlighting the value of communication strategies that foster connections to place. Targeted marketing to retain visitor segments likely to cancel trips, may minimize negative impacts of climate change on travel behavior.}, journal={Tourism Planning & Development}, publisher={Informa UK Limited}, author={McCreary, Allie and Seekamp, Erin and Larson, Lincoln R. and Smith, Jordan and Davenport, Mae A.}, year={2020}, month={Dec}, pages={1–19} }
 @article{fernandez_lee_larson_johnson_mowatt_bush_robinett_sharaievska_stewart_2020, title={Deepening Diversity: A Collection of Teaching Perspectives and Strategies from Social Justice Advocates}, volume={37}, ISSN={1937-156X 2162-4097}, url={http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/1937156X.2020.1763875}, DOI={10.1080/1937156X.2020.1763875}, abstractNote={Abstract Contemporary population trends impact leisure experiences and service delivery, requiring recreation and leisure departments to prepare students to meet the needs of an increasingly diverse clientele. However, with little formal training on how to teach content concerning diverse populations, this can be a daunting task. The panel session Preparing Students to Serve Diverse Populations was featured at the 2018 The Academy of Leisure Sciences (TALS) Research and Teaching Institute to help instructors navigate the challenges that arise when teaching diversity-related content to undergraduate and graduate students. This paper focuses on the lessons and recommendations that emerged from that panel of social justice scholars. Using the teaching to transgress philosophy and the Teaching Tolerance Anti-bias Framework, we highlight personal philosophies, pedagogical experiences, and specific activities that may help other instructors teach beyond diversity to facilitate students’ connections with broader issues of social justice.}, number={1-2}, journal={SCHOLE: A Journal of Leisure Studies and Recreation Education}, publisher={Informa UK Limited}, author={Fernandez, Mariela and Lee, KangJae Jerry and Larson, Lincoln and Johnson, Corey W. and Mowatt, Rasul and Bush, Kimberly and Robinett, Jeremy and Sharaievska, Iryna and Stewart, William}, year={2020}, month={Jul}, pages={26–43} }
 @article{harris_schmalz_larson_fernandez_2020, title={Fear of the Unknown: Examining Neighborhood Stigma’s Effect on Urban Greenway Use and Surrounding Communities}, volume={57}, ISSN={1078-0874 1552-8332}, url={http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1078087420909529}, DOI={10.1177/1078087420909529}, abstractNote={Neighborhood stigma, founded on the idea that individuals avoid and denigrate spaces occupied by residents of color due to perceptions of crime and disorder, can influence travel patterns, impact housing markets, and exacerbate social and environmental justice issues. As a proliferation of urban greenways connecting once stratified communities, such stigma may also influence recreation behaviors. Using a series of observations and interviews with users and local residents, this study examined the impact of neighborhood stigma on recreational use of Chicago’s 606 Trail and surrounding communities. Results revealed why stigma occurs, how it manifests, and how different groups (e.g., White vs. Latinx residents) respond. Specifically, neighborhood stigma led White users to avoid trail segments, fueled discrimination, and catalyzed redevelop efforts in neighborhoods in the stigmatized area. This study illuminates concerns about the social impacts of urban park projects and provides insight for city officials looking to integrate greenways into diverse communities.}, number={4}, journal={Urban Affairs Review}, publisher={SAGE Publications}, author={Harris, Brandon and Schmalz, Dorothy and Larson, Lincoln and Fernandez, Mariela}, year={2020}, month={Mar}, pages={1015–1048} }
 @article{rosa_larson_collado_cloutier_profice_2020, title={Gender Differences in Connection to Nature, Outdoor Preferences, and Nature-Based Recreation Among College Students in Brazil and the United States}, volume={8}, ISSN={0149-0400 1521-0588}, url={http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/01490400.2020.1800538}, DOI={10.1080/01490400.2020.1800538}, abstractNote={Abstract Nature-based recreation (NBR) can enhance human health and promote conservation. As a result, there is a growing interest in the drivers of NBR. In two separate surveys of college students in Brazil (N = 224) and the United States (N = 207), we found that young adults with stronger connection to nature (CN) have a greater preference for outdoor environments to recreate and that these preferences are associated with more frequent participation in NBR. Fostering connection to nature could therefore alter recreation preferences and enhance NBR. We also discovered gender differences in CN, recreation setting preferences and NBR participation. While women were more connected to nature and tended to prefer outdoor environments to recreate, they were less likely than men to engage in NBR. These relationships were consistent across both countries, raising concerns about gender equity in the outdoors that transcend geographical and cultural contexts.}, journal={Leisure Sciences}, publisher={Informa UK Limited}, author={Rosa, Claudio D. and Larson, Lincoln R. and Collado, Silvia and Cloutier, Scott and Profice, Christiana Cabicieri}, year={2020}, month={Aug}, pages={1–21} }
 @article{carson_b. cooper_r. larson_rivers_2020, title={How can citizen science advance environmental justice? <i>Exploring the noise paradox through sense of place}, volume={5}, ISSN={2374-8834 2374-8842}, url={http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/23748834.2020.1721222}, DOI={10.1080/23748834.2020.1721222}, abstractNote={ABSTRACT Noise, whether measured by decibel-based metrics (loudness or sound levels) or perception-based approaches (through perceived annoyance), can negatively impact human health. Low-frequency noise (LFN), which is poorly assessed by A-weighted decibel metrics, can have particularly negative health effects. Yet, due to varying human perceptions of soundscapes, sometimes sound levels and frequencies that are known to be unhealthy (often originating from mechanical, anthropogenic sources) are not be perceived as annoying noise, and vice versa. We propose a conceptual model based on sense of place theory to explain how this noise paradox arises and why it raises concerns about equitable access to healthy urban soundscapes. We hypothesize that people who hold strong environmental place meanings and attachments are more likely to value natural sounds and more likely to view mechanical anthropogenic sounds as noise; people who display strong attachment to neighborhoods primarily based on socio-cultural place meanings are less likely to perceive unhealthy anthropogenic sounds as noise pollution. Using this sense of place-based model, we highlight a citizen science-based research strategy that could be employed to discern differences in decibel-based and perception-based assessment of noise, addressing the noise paradox and evaluating implications for individuals living in diverse types of urban and suburban environments.}, number={1-2}, journal={Cities & Health}, publisher={Informa UK Limited}, author={Carson, Brittany and B. Cooper, Caren and R. Larson, Lincoln and Rivers, Louie, III}, year={2020}, month={Feb}, pages={33–45} }
 @article{casola_rushing_futch_vayer_lawson_cavalieri_larson_peterson_2020, title={How do YouTube videos impact tolerance of wolves?}, volume={25}, ISSN={1087-1209 1533-158X}, url={http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/10871209.2020.1773582}, DOI={10.1080/10871209.2020.1773582}, abstractNote={ABSTRACT The internet serves as a dominant source of information and may shape tolerance of wildlife species. Our experimental study examined how respondents’ tolerance for wolves (i.e., attitudes, acceptance, and behavior) changed after viewing wolf related YouTube videos. Respondents were randomly assigned to one of three video treatments where wolves were framed positively, neutrally (reference), or negatively. Video treatments affected people’s tolerance of wolves: negative videos promoted declines in wolf tolerance and positive videos promoted increases in wolf tolerance. Political identification impacted change in tolerance independent of treatment. We observed an interaction between age and political identification, wherein older individuals at both ends of the political spectrum exhibited larger attitudinal responses than younger individuals, with older liberals becoming more positive and older conservatives more negative regardless of treatment. Our findings suggest the creation and dissemination of positive social media content may improve public tolerance toward controversial wildlife species like wolves.}, number={6}, journal={Human Dimensions of Wildlife}, publisher={Informa UK Limited}, author={Casola, William R. and Rushing, Jaclyn and Futch, Sara and Vayer, Victoria and Lawson, Danielle F. and Cavalieri, Michelle J. and Larson, Lincoln R. and Peterson, M. Nils}, year={2020}, month={Jun}, pages={531–543} }
 @article{whiting_larson_greenwood_lankford_2020, title={Public Parks and Sno-Parks Help Diverse Populations in California’s Central Valley Negotiate Constraints to Winter Recreation}, volume={39}, ISSN={0735-1968 2160-6862}, url={http://dx.doi.org/10.18666/JPRA-2020-10161}, DOI={10.18666/JPRA-2020-10161}, abstractNote={As current racial and ethnic minority groups make up increasingly larger percentages of the U.S. population, recreation managers seek to understand their recreational needs and preferences. One area has received little attention: the winter recreation participation of non-White individuals (especially Latinxs). In this study, we sought to (1) examine demographic differences in constraints to visiting a conventional winter recreation destination, China Peak Mountain Resort (CPMR); and (2) explore winter recreation site use among demographically diverse populations in various types of public parks around CPMR in Fresno County, CA, including sno-parks (sites that provide snow-cleared parking lots with sanitation facilities and access to snow play areas, cross-country ski and snowmobile trails). Data were gathered “onsite” (n=491) at sno-parks along Highway 168 and “offsite” (n=1318) in communities across the Central Valley. Data from the two sites revealed significant differences in winter recreation constraints and site use patterns among different racial/ethnic and income groups. Racial and ethnic minorities and respondents with lower household income reported high levels of constraints to participation in winter recreation at CPMR. Overall, structural constraints were the most prominent barriers affecting visitation to CPMR. Our findings showed that all respondents were more likely to visit public lands (e.g., sno-parks) for winter recreation than CPMR. Public parks and sno-parks may provide particularly unique and valuable opportunities for Latinx residents and individuals from low-income groups who are historically underrepresented with respect to winter recreation in California’s Central Valley. Overall, our results yield two key conclusions regarding winter recreation: (1) commercial resort managers (e.g., CPMR) should seek ways to minimize existing structural and cultural barriers to visitation, thereby attracting a more diverse clientele; and (2) providers should consider public lands such as sno-parks as key alternatives for diverse residents seeking winter recreation experiences—especially non-White and lowincome populations who rarely visit private mountain resorts.}, number={4}, journal={Journal of Park and Recreation Administration}, publisher={Sagamore Publishing, LLC}, author={Whiting, Jason and Larson, Lincoln and Greenwood, Christopher and Lankford, Samuel}, year={2020}, month={Nov}, pages={41–62} }
 @article{larson_cooper_futch_singh_shipley_dale_lebaron_takekawa_2020, title={The diverse motivations of citizen scientists: Does conservation emphasis grow as volunteer participation progresses?}, volume={242}, ISSN={0006-3207}, url={http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.biocon.2020.108428}, DOI={10.1016/j.biocon.2020.108428}, abstractNote={Citizen science has proven to be a valuable tool for biodiversity conservation. However, to maximize the conservation benefits of citizen science programs, researchers and practitioners would gain from a better understanding of project volunteers and what drives them to participate. We examined the diverse motivations of volunteers (n = 3041) participating in Audubon's Christmas Bird Count, one of the world's oldest ecological monitoring citizen (or community) science projects. Principal axis factor analysis along a 16-item scale revealed six distinct intrinsic and extrinsic motivational constructs: science and conservation, outdoor recreation and discovery, commitment and tradition, social interaction, classic birding, and personal accomplishment. Most participants reported multiple motivations, but 40% indicated contribution to science and conservation was their primary reason for initially engaging with the project. As project participation continued, science and conservation-related motives became even more important (with 55% listing as primary continuing motivation). Regression analyses showed motivational orientations varied by socio-demographic attributes and levels/type of project participation. For example, social interaction and tradition were more important to aspiring project leaders than casual observers. Results highlight insights into deepening project engagement and recruiting and retaining citizen scientists. Adapted and applied across different contexts, our instrument and motivational constructs could help to facilitate volunteer management and enhance citizen science's capacity to advance biodiversity conservation goals.}, journal={Biological Conservation}, publisher={Elsevier BV}, author={Larson, Lincoln R. and Cooper, Caren B. and Futch, Sara and Singh, Devyani and Shipley, Nathan J. and Dale, Kathy and LeBaron, Geoffrey S. and Takekawa, John Y.}, year={2020}, month={Feb}, pages={108428} }
 @article{barger_larson_ogletree_torquati_rosenberg_gaither_bartz_gardner_moody_2020, title={Tree Canopy Coverage Predicts Lower Conduct Problem Severity in Children with ASD}, volume={13}, ISSN={1931-5864 1931-5872}, url={http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/19315864.2020.1714824}, DOI={10.1080/19315864.2020.1714824}, abstractNote={ABSTRACT Introduction: Conduct problems are commonly reported among individuals with autism spectrum disorders (ASD) and children with other special health care needs (CSHCN). Environmental research indicates that exposure to natural environments can lead to decreased conduct problems; opposite effects (i.e., increased problems) are associated with built “gray” environments (e.g., roadways). Methods: This exploratory study analyzed the association between Zip-code level tree canopy coverage and severity of conduct problems in typical children, children with ASD, and CSHCN. Tree canopy data came from National Land Cover Database and ASD data came from the cross-sectional National Survey of Children’s Health (2011/2012). Results: Percent tree canopy coverage predicted a decreased risk of severe conduct problems in youth with ASD, but not CSHCN; “gray” space was unassociated with conduct problems in any children. Conclusions: Community tree canopy coverage is negatively associated with conduct problems in children with ASD. More research using individual assessments and street level metrics will help better determine the relationship between canopy coverage and conduct problems in ASD.}, number={1}, journal={Journal of Mental Health Research in Intellectual Disabilities}, publisher={Informa UK Limited}, author={Barger, Brian and Larson, Lincoln R. and Ogletree, Scott and Torquati, Julia and Rosenberg, Steven and Gaither, Cassandra Johnson and Bartz, Jody Marie and Gardner, Andrew and Moody, Eric}, year={2020}, month={Jan}, pages={43–61} }
 @article{riungu_hallo_backman_brownlee_beeco_larson_2020, title={Water-based recreation management: a normative approach to reviewing boating thresholds}, volume={36}, ISSN={1040-2381 2151-5530}, url={http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/10402381.2019.1711469}, DOI={10.1080/10402381.2019.1711469}, abstractNote={Abstract Riungu GK, Hallo JC, Backman KF, Brownlee M, Beeco JA, Larson LR. 2020. Water-based recreation management: a normative approach to reviewing boating thresholds. Lake Reserv Manage. 36:139–154. Recreational boating is one of the major water-based recreation activities in the United States. Multiple public natural lakes and rivers are used for boating, but these waterways are a limited natural resource. The building of dams and their associated reservoirs have increased opportunities for boating, but even these areas at times remain quite crowded. In order to ensure that both resource and experiential capacities are not exceeded, density-related thresholds for boating, measured in surface acres of water per watercraft, need to be determined. Despite thresholds specifying the minimum acceptable conditions for boating, agencies managing waterways often apply thresholds that are not site-specific or evidence-based, and fail to solicit input from the public. Therefore, thresholds for boating capacity vary widely. Social norms have been widely applied in park and outdoor recreation management, and hence are likely to enhance the consistency, objectivity, and accuracy of estimation of boating capacity and the utilization of this capacity. This study applied normative approaches to estimate utilization of boating amenities and to update boating thresholds at 2 reservoirs in Washington State. Additionally, the study found visitors’ perceived level of crowding was a significant predictor of their perceptions of safety and security at both reservoirs. Therefore, there is a safety-related need for waterway managers to determine and implement crowding-based boating thresholds derived from visitor perceptions.}, number={2}, journal={Lake and Reservoir Management}, publisher={Informa UK Limited}, author={Riungu, Geoffrey Koome and Hallo, Jeffrey C. and Backman, Kenneth F. and Brownlee, Matthew and Beeco, J. Adam and Larson, Lincoln R.}, year={2020}, month={Feb}, pages={139–154} }
 @article{harris_schmalz_larson_fernandez_griffin_2019, title={Contested Spaces: Intimate Segregation and Environmental Gentrification on Chicago's 606 Trail}, volume={19}, ISSN={1535-6841 1540-6040}, url={http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/cico.12422}, DOI={10.1111/cico.12422}, abstractNote={The 606, a greenway in Chicago, has been lauded as a transformative revitalization project that provides diverse benefits and connects communities. However, the greenway has become a source of conflict among Latinx residents who question the trail's value and influence on their communities. Using observations and interviews with users and residents, this study examined potential consequences of The 606, including intimate segregation, which occurs when individuals use social and physical barriers to stratify themselves in a shared environment, and impacts of environmental gentrification. Results revealed division along The 606 with Latinx users isolating themselves in western trail segments, citing feelings of exclusion, discrimination, and resistance to gentrification. Conversely, white users were found to avoid western trail segments due to fear and pervasive stereotypes. The study highlights the urban park paradox, where green space provides benefits to communities while simultaneously generating unintentional consequences that potentially reinforce segregation and social inequities.}, number={4}, journal={City & Community}, publisher={Wiley}, author={Harris, Brandon and Schmalz, Dorothy and Larson, Lincoln and Fernandez, Mariela and Griffin, Sarah}, year={2019}, month={Aug}, pages={933–962} }
 @article{staples_larson_worsley_green_carroll_2019, title={Effects of an art-based environmental education camp program on the environmental attitudes and awareness of diverse youth}, volume={50}, ISSN={0095-8964 1940-1892}, url={http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00958964.2019.1629382}, DOI={10.1080/00958964.2019.1629382}, abstractNote={ABSTRACT This study used a combination of surveys and drawing-based metrics to evaluate whether integration of art-based activities into EE camp programing could enhance environmental orientations of diverse youth ages 6–12 (n = 285) in Athens, GA, USA. Compared to a control group, art-based EE had a positive effect on children’s eco-awareness and environmental knowledge. However, effects of the art-based EE were comparable to those observed for a conventional EE summer camp. Interactions between the treatment and demographic variables (e.g., gender, age, race/ethnicity) were minimal, suggesting that both types of EE programing worked well for different groups of youth. Results highlight the potential value of art in EE research and practice.}, number={3}, journal={The Journal of Environmental Education}, publisher={Informa UK Limited}, author={Staples, Ami Flowers and Larson, Lincoln R. and Worsley, Ti’Era and Green, Gary T. and Carroll, John P.}, year={2019}, month={May}, pages={208–222} }
 @article{wilcer_larson_hallo_baldwin_2019, title={Exploring the Diverse Motivations of Day Hikers: Implications for Hike Marketing and Management}, volume={37}, ISSN={2160-6862}, url={http://dx.doi.org/10.18666/JPRA-2019-9176}, DOI={10.18666/JPRA-2019-9176}, abstractNote={Day hiking is a popular outdoor recreation activity, yet relatively little is known about hikers and their reasons for participating. Focusing on the popular First Day Hikes initiative, we sought to discover who hikes, why, and how those motivations might differ among sub-groups of hikers. Data were collected using intercept surveys of First Day Hikers ( n = 1,934) across three states on January 1, 2016. We identified 10 broader categories of hiking motivations addressing a wide range of physiological and psychological needs. These included enjoying nature (reported by 27% of participants), trying something new (22%), celebrating the new year (19%), learning from others (15%), spending time with family (14%), and exercising (14%). Logistic regression models exploring motivation correlates showed that hikers’ motivations varied across socio-demographic groups (e.g., age, first-time hikers, hikers with children) and influenced the types of hikes selected. Some of these differences were anticipated. For example, compared to other groups, first time hikers were more likely to be motivated by trying something new and hikers with children more likely to be motivated by spending time with family. Models also yielded new insights. Compared to repeat hikers, first time hikers were more likely to hike for exercise and health reasons and older participants were more likely to hike for exercise. Participants who chose easy hikes were more likely to be motivated by learning from others and spending time with family; participants who chose hikes close to home were more likely to be motivated by exercise and celebrating the New Year. Overall, a majority of First Day Hike participants lived within 30 miles of the state park they visited, highlighting the important contributions of local parks (especially state parks) to outdoor recreation. With enhanced knowledge of day hiking motivations, managers will be better equipped to create and advertise hiking opportunities with certain combinations of attributes that offer a variety of desired benefits to diverse constituents. Additional research exploring hiking motivations and preferences will continue to inform marketing and management approaches that appeal to different types of hikers. Subscribe to JPRA}, number={3}, journal={The Journal of Park and Recreation Administration}, publisher={Sagamore Publishing, LLC}, author={Wilcer, Sarah R. and Larson, Lincoln R. and Hallo, Jeffrey C. and Baldwin, Elizabeth}, year={2019}, pages={53–69} }
 @article{cothran_bowker_larson_parajuli_whiting_green_2019, title={Fee hikes at state parks in Georgia: Effects on visitation, revenues, welfare, and visitor diversity}, volume={38}, ISSN={2160-6862}, url={http://dx.doi.org/10.18666/JPRA-2019-9726}, DOI={10.18666/JPRA-2019-9726}, abstractNote={Public land management agencies that provide outdoor recreation opportunities face financial constraints. Raising access fees is one approach to enhance fiscal sustainability. However, increased access costs may reduce visitation. Actual visitation changes are contingent on visitors’ price sensitivity, and these changes will influence revenue collection, visitor composition, changes in visitor welfare, and local economic impacts. Importantly, higher entrance fees may disproportionately affect visitors of different ethnicities and individuals from low-income populations. In this study, we developed a travel cost model using data collected during 2010 from 1,309 visitors across  three  state parks in northern Georgia to estimate the structure of recreation demand and the effects of potential fee increases across diverse populations. Results were applied to simulate the effects of various entrance fee levels on park revenue, visitor diversity, and visitor welfare, accounting for differential responses to fee hikes across different racial/ethnic groups. We found visitor demand to the parks was largely inelastic, signaling that decreases in visitation effected by a modest fee increase (e.g., from $5 to $8) would lead to higher total revenues. At higher fee values, decreased visitation offset potential revenue gains. Hispanics were less sensitive to entrance fee hikes than other visitors, suggesting that shifting fee structures could also impact visitor composition. If fees were to increase at state parks, the proportion of Hispanic visitors at parks would likely grow. This means that Hispanics would bear a disproportionate share of the cost burden under increasing fee scenarios. Additionally, state park recreation demand was highest among low-income visitors, suggesting that fee increases could have particularly significant negative impact on that group. To balance the possibly competing agency objectives of revenue generation and increased diversity, park managers may benefit from greater ex ante information provided by an applied framework like that developed in this analysis. Such analyses are expected to better inform management and policy makers concerning the likely economic effects of variation in state park access costs, including disproportionate impacts on racial/ethnic minorities. Subscribe to JPRA}, number={3}, journal={Journal of Park and Recreation Administration}, publisher={Sagamore Publishing, LLC}, author={Cothran, J. Wyatt and Bowker, J. M. and Larson, Lincoln R. and Parajuli, Rajan and Whiting, Jason W. and Green, Gary T.}, year={2019}, pages={55–76} }
 @article{larson_duffy_fernandez_sturts_gray_powell_2019, title={Getting Started on the Tenure Track: Challenges and Strategies for Success}, volume={34}, ISSN={1937-156X 2162-4097}, url={http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/1937156X.2019.1589804}, DOI={10.1080/1937156X.2019.1589804}, abstractNote={Abstract Tenure-track positions at institutions of higher education are often highly coveted because they offer job stability, academic freedom, and higher pay. Despite this allure, the academic career path is fraught with challenges, particularly during the first few years of a tenure-track position where one must balance new demands and escalating expectations. We synthesized existing literature with data collected through an online survey of leisure academics and discussions derived from the “Growing Up Academic” panel sessions that took place during the 2016 Academy of Leisure Sciences Teaching Institute to examine the challenges and opportunities that individuals must navigate during the early years on the tenure track. Challenges identified included concerns about transitioning identities, divergent responsibilities, insecurities, and uncertain expectations regarding tenure and promotion. Many of these issues were more pronounced for faculty of color. However, participants also highlighted some key strategies that could be employed to address challenges: (a) Know expectations and document progress, (b) Collaborate regularly, (c) Seek professional mentors, (d) Develop an academic identity, (e) Be proactive and strategic in all areas of scholarship, and (f) Be realistic. Emerging scholars who heed this advice will be better equipped to navigate the early stages of academic life and successfully achieve tenure.}, number={1}, journal={SCHOLE: A Journal of Leisure Studies and Recreation Education}, publisher={Informa UK Limited}, author={Larson, Lincoln R. and Duffy, Lauren N. and Fernandez, Mariela and Sturts, Jill and Gray, Joey and Powell, Gwynn M.}, year={2019}, month={Jan}, pages={36–51} }
 @article{duffy_larson_fernandez_powell_2019, title={Introduction to Special Issue on Navigating Academic Life (Part 2): Responding to Change}, volume={34}, ISSN={1937-156X 2162-4097}, url={http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/1937156X.2019.1622943}, DOI={10.1080/1937156X.2019.1622943}, abstractNote={The landscape of academia is changing. Since the Great Recession of the late 2000s, there has been significant restructuring of the purpose and function of institutions of higher education, precipitating shifts in the roles, responsibilities, and experiences of faculty. Part 2 of this Schole Special Issue on Navigating Academic Life, Responding to Change, takes a deeper dive into the contemporary challenges of higher education and the varied experiences that faculty members in recreation and leisure are confronting as they face increasingly managerialist cultures, continued drives towards efficiency and production, diversifying student and faculty populations, and furthering commitment to industry needs in a competitive global workforce. The articles offered here provide diverse illustrations of the nuanced changes of faculty life that are prompted by these complex and interlinked socio-cultural, political, and economic factors. Similar to the first part of the special issue, perspectives and reflections from a diverse array of scholars representing various academic career stages and contexts are provided. The end result is a collection of insights and recommendations that illustrate the variety of ways that scholars can adapt and respond to the changing landscape of higher education in the 21st century. To begin with, Kumm, Harmon, Evans, Plunkett, and Widuch situate the readers into the context of modern higher education that is largely being driven by neoliberal ideology. The authors describe how their much-needed curriculum revision and redesign project generated some unexpected results, including cultivation of a larger community of practice that prepared faculty to address other challenges beyond the curriculum. In reflecting on their experience, they illustrate how benefits of such a collaborative process afforded more than just tangible outputs and outcomes; it became a conduit for self-awareness, community, and belonging. By revealing heuristics that can enhance group functioning in all types of situations, the authors argue that collaboration is more than just a means to achieve specific ends. Greenwood, Greenwood, Hendricks, and Bruther-Blakely also address the need for adaptation. They focus on a programmatic name and curriculum change in response to the shifting industry trends that leisure, parks, recreation, tourism and related fields are facing by embracing the ideas of the experience economy. In this article, faculty at Cal Poly San Luis Obispo discuss the planning process that inspired a transition from a Department of Recreation, Parks, and Tourism Administration to Experience Industry Management. This case highlights how higher education programs might respond to industry needs and the pressure of serving the market economy. Building on existing scholarship that examines the unfavorable effects of the increasing pressures of the academy on faculty members, Oakleaf, Burk, and Mausolf provide a critical review of academic life, focusing on a specific group: academic mothers. In their qualitative study looking at work–life balance within an emerging corporate university culture, they find that mothers face unrealistic expectations, unsupportive colleagues, and conflicting workplace policies. They assert}, number={2}, journal={SCHOLE: A Journal of Leisure Studies and Recreation Education}, publisher={Informa UK Limited}, author={Duffy, Lauren N. and Larson, Lincoln R. and Fernandez, Mariela and Powell, Gwynn M.}, year={2019}, month={Jul}, pages={69–70} }
 @article{duffy_fernandez_larson_powell_2019, title={Introduction to the Special Issue on Navigating Academic Life (Part 1): Pathways to Success}, volume={34}, ISSN={1937-156X 2162-4097}, url={http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/1937156X.2019.1589788}, DOI={10.1080/1937156X.2019.1589788}, number={1}, journal={SCHOLE: A Journal of Leisure Studies and Recreation Education}, publisher={Informa UK Limited}, author={Duffy, Lauren N. and Fernandez, Mariela and Larson, Lincoln R. and Powell, Gwynn M.}, year={2019}, month={Jan}, pages={1–2} }
 @article{sene-harper_matarrita-cascante_larson_2019, title={Leveraging local livelihood strategies to support conservation and development in West Africa}, volume={29}, ISSN={2211-4645}, url={http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.envdev.2018.11.002}, DOI={10.1016/j.envdev.2018.11.002}, abstractNote={Over the past 30 years, the promotion of alternative occupations has been central to livelihood-centered conservation projects (LCP). However, continued pressure on protected areas and high poverty levels in surrounding communities suggest that other LCP approaches may be needed. One historically understudied approach focuses on enhancing pre-existing livelihood strategies to achieve conservation and development goals. We assessed the efficacy of the alternative occupations and pre-existing livelihood strategies approaches to LCPs using two case studies of adjacent protected areas along the Senegal River in West Africa. One community in Senegal promotes tourism as an alternative occupation; another in Mauritania builds on the local fishing-farming mixed livelihood strategy. From 2014 to 2015 we used qualitative methods (e.g. semi-structured interviews and participant observations) to examine each LCP's capacity to deliver positive conservation and development outcomes, focusing on perceived outcomes on local livelihoods and conservation goals. Overall, LCP which focused on the pre-existing fishing-farming livelihood strategy received more positive perceptions in terms of enhancing local livelihoods, fostering positive conservation behaviors, and improving park-community relations. We conclude that these observed outcomes stem from acknowledgment of and adherence to local needs and priorities within the context of local vulnerability and a park management approach that fostered a sense of resource ownership. In places where alternative occupations like tourism have not succeeded in delivering positive conservation and development goals, this paper presents an alternative strategy that is rooted in the social and environmental realities of local communities.}, journal={Environmental Development}, publisher={Elsevier BV}, author={Sene-Harper, Aby and Matarrita-Cascante, David and Larson, Lincoln R.}, year={2019}, month={Mar}, pages={16–28} }
 @article{rigolon_keith_harris_mullenbach_larson_rushing_2019, title={More than “Just Green Enough”: Helping Park Professionals Achieve Equitable Greening and Limit Environmental Gentrification}, volume={38}, ISSN={2160-6862}, url={http://dx.doi.org/10.18666/JPRA-2019-9654}, DOI={10.18666/JPRA-2019-9654}, abstractNote={Cities around the world are increasingly developing iconic parks and greenways in historically marginalized neighborhoods to provide social, health, and environmental benefits to their residents. Yet some iconic green space projects trigger increases in housing prices in nearby areas, resulting in the influx of wealthy newcomers and the displacement of the lowest income residents, in a process referred to as environmental gentrification . In this context, park and recreation managers face a dilemma: How should they integrate green spaces in low-income areas when those efforts might ultimately displace the vulnerable residents they are designed to serve? To resolve this dilemma, scholars have proposed the concept of “just green enough” to describe sustainability-oriented initiatives that seek to promote green space development while keeping low-income residents in place. Yet we know very little about what this “just green enough” approach means for park and recreation management or how it relates to the three key components of environmental justice (distributional, procedural, and interactional). To address this gap, we explore strategies that park and recreation managers are employing to combat environmental gentrification. Using comparative case studies of park projects in Atlanta, Chicago, and Philadelphia, we integrate primary interview and focus group data with information from secondary sources (e.g., recreation management plans, land use plans, housing policies) to search for solutions that can work across a range of diverse contexts. We advance the “just green enough” approach by presenting four sets of strategies that park and recreation professionals can use to achieve environmentally just outcomes when working on new or renovated parks in marginalized communities. First, park agencies need to partner with urban planners to establish or preserve a sufficient number of affordable housing units near new or renovated parks. Second, park agencies need to ensure that their leadership staff and on-the-ground employees reflect the ethnoracial diversity of the communities around new or renovated parks. Third, community outreach activities for new or renovated parks should adequately engage people of different races/ethnicities, ages, and incomes, and prepare the most marginalized people to meaningfully participate. Fourth, new and renovated parks and their recreation programs should welcome and engage longtime residents, and not just wealthier newcomers. Together, these strategies outline a more than “just green enough” approach that helps park professionals achieve equitable greening by (1) ensuring marginalized populations get just as much, if not more, access to quality green space as privileged groups, and (2) protecting longtime local residents’ ability to stay in place and thrive in the face of gentrification. Subscribe to JPRA}, number={3}, journal={Journal of Park and Recreation Administration}, publisher={Sagamore Publishing, LLC}, author={Rigolon, Alessandro and Keith, Samuel J. and Harris, Brandon and Mullenbach, Lauren E. and Larson, Lincoln R. and Rushing, Jaclyn}, year={2019}, pages={29–54} }
 @article{rosa_collado_profice_larson_2019, title={Nature-based recreation associated with connectedness to nature and leisure satisfaction among students in Brazil}, volume={38}, ISSN={0261-4367 1466-4496}, url={http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/02614367.2019.1620842}, DOI={10.1080/02614367.2019.1620842}, abstractNote={ABSTRACT There is growing evidence that nature-based recreation (NBR) during childhood promotes connectedness to nature, which in turn fuels NBR during adulthood. In addition to providing a number of health benefits, NBR participation may enhance leisure satisfaction, an important predictor of happiness and life satisfaction. In this exploratory study, we tested these hypothesised links using a path model with a cross-sectional sample of 224 Brazilian college students, where NBR participation during childhood increases connectedness to nature and NBR participation during adulthood, which in turn promotes leisure satisfaction. The model fit the data well χ2 (2) = 1.924, χ2/df = 0.962 (N = 220, p = .38), CFI = 1.00, AGFI = .978, GFI = .996, and RMSEA = .00, with results showing an indirect positive link between NBR during childhood and leisure satisfaction, and a direct link between NBR during adulthood and leisure satisfaction. The indirect effect of connectedness to nature on leisure satisfaction was also significant: NBR during childhood fostered connectedness to nature, which motivated NBR during adulthood and higher levels of leisure satisfaction. Leisure practitioners can improve people’s leisure satisfaction by promoting engagement in NBR activities across life stages and emphasising connection to nature.}, number={5}, journal={Leisure Studies}, publisher={Informa UK Limited}, author={Rosa, Claudio D. and Collado, Silvia and Profice, Christiana Cabicieri and Larson, Lincoln R.}, year={2019}, month={May}, pages={682–691} }
 @article{mccreary_seekamp_larson_smith_davenport_2019, title={Predictors of visitors’ climate-related coping behaviors in a nature-based tourism destination}, volume={26}, ISSN={2213-0780}, url={http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jort.2019.03.005}, DOI={10.1016/j.jort.2019.03.005}, abstractNote={Climate change affects the supply of nature-based tourism opportunities as well as the demand visitors place on those opportunities. Climate-induced changes in visitor demand, specifically climate-related coping behaviors (e.g., seeking safer recreation sites, changing trip timing, using weather forecasts to plan trips), are influenced by multiple factors such as season of visit, specific visitor attributes, and general climate change beliefs and concern. Understanding the relationships between visitor characteristics and coping behaviors within the context of a changing climate will help recreation managers and tourism providers anticipate shifts in demand and adapt strategically. In this study, we present results from a series of binary logistic regression models of summer and winter visitor survey data to examine climate-related coping behaviors within a regional nature-based tourism area (the North Shore region of Lake Superior in Minnesota). Findings reveal that winter recreationists, younger visitors, and visitors who are concerned about climate change, are most inclined to use behavioral coping in response to changing climate and environmental conditions. Specifically, we found that winter season recreationists are much more likely to report having experienced a past climate-related impact, and that weather information, alternative gear, and flexibility in timing their trips are important in overcoming these constraints. Further, younger visitors were more likely to use informational (weather forecast) coping, site substitution, and activity substitution to respond to climate-related impacts. This study expands upon climate-related recreation and tourism research by documenting how recreationists’ informational, spatial, and temporal coping behaviors vary across visitor characteristics. Further research is needed to determine if the behavioral coping preferences and patterns found in this study emerge across diverse contexts. However, our findings here can help managers begin to strategically plan and collaborate to maintain destination-level attractiveness to visitors despite changing environmental conditions. Management implications: Understanding how visitors respond to environmental changes is important in sustaining ‘weather-resistant’ visitor flows. In anticipation of on-site disruptions and future demand shifts, regional partnerships within nature-based destinations may mitigate reductions in visitor demand and accommodate shifting patterns in visitor flows. For example, recreation managers and tourism providers could identify and jointly market alternative recreation opportunities when conditions are not conducive to participating in desired activities, as well as develop a networked approach for communicating weather and site safety information.}, journal={Journal of Outdoor Recreation and Tourism}, publisher={Elsevier BV}, author={McCreary, Allie and Seekamp, Erin and Larson, Lincoln R. and Smith, Jordan W. and Davenport, Mae A.}, year={2019}, month={Jun}, pages={23–33} }
 @article{kitheka_baldwin_larson_2019, title={Romanticism in urban landscapes: parks, tourism, and the rebirth of Chattanooga, Tennessee}, volume={5}, ISSN={1461-6688 1470-1340}, url={http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/14616688.2019.1618904}, DOI={10.1080/14616688.2019.1618904}, abstractNote={Abstract Modern cities are increasingly emphasizing the positive influence of nature and greenspace on quality of life for urban residents and tourists. However, the impetus for these innovations and factors impacting their success have not been adequately studied. Is the commodification of environmental amenities (i.e. ecosystem services) a sufficient recipe for sustainable development, or does true nature-based ‘revitalization’ require appeals to deeper sentiments, attachments, and value systems rooted in emotional and esthetic experience (e.g. biophilic and romanticist principles)? This research uses a case study approach to explore the contributions of parks and other green infrastructure to the rebirth of the city of Chattanooga, once the ‘dirtiest city in America.’ Thirty key informants were interviewed to discuss the transformation of the industrial city. Response data were corroborated with secondary sources, photography, and informal consultations. Findings suggest that recognition of both instrumental and intrinsic values of nature and investment in the city’s environmental amenities played a pivotal role in Chattanooga’s rebirth as a popular outdoor mecca and tourist destination. While an emphasis on environmental assets helped the city craft a ‘green vision’ for the future, it was a strong connection to place and collective identity based on these assets that helped sustain that vision and make it a reality. Applications of similar modern romanticist thinking may help catalyze sustainable development initiatives that foster transformations in other aging industrial cities.}, journal={Tourism Geographies}, publisher={Informa UK Limited}, author={Kitheka, Bernard M. and Baldwin, Elizabeth D. and Larson, Lincoln R.}, year={2019}, month={May}, pages={1–25} }
 @article{fernandez_sturts_duffy_larson_gray_powell_2019, title={Surviving and Thriving in Graduate School}, volume={34}, ISSN={1937-156X 2162-4097}, url={http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/1937156X.2019.1589791}, DOI={10.1080/1937156X.2019.1589791}, abstractNote={Abstract Graduate school is critical period of professional development in the lives of aspiring scholars, presenting a number of challenges and opportunities. Synthesizing insights from an online survey of individuals on The Academy of Leisure Sciences (TALS) listserv, a group of academics and professionals at various levels within the parks, recreation, tourism, and leisure field around the world, this article aimed to highlight these challenges and identity strategies for surviving and thriving during graduate school. The thematic analysis revealed five major themes. Challenges identified included juggling responsibilities, funding support, equity and institutional barriers, imposter syndrome, and finding the right job. Participants also highlighted some key strategies that could be employed to navigate challenges, including focus on and finish the dissertation, finding reliable mentors, cultivating professional networks, consider a transition job first, and be true to yourself. Doctoral students who heed this advice will not only be more likely to successfully complete graduate school, but they will also be better positioned for future success in an academic career.}, number={1}, journal={SCHOLE: A Journal of Leisure Studies and Recreation Education}, publisher={Informa UK Limited}, author={Fernandez, Mariela and Sturts, Jill and Duffy, Lauren N. and Larson, Lincoln R. and Gray, Joey and Powell, Gwynn M.}, year={2019}, month={Jan}, pages={3–15} }
 @article{gray_larson_fernandez_duffy_sturts_powell_roberts_2019, title={The Academic Job Search: Steps for Success}, volume={34}, ISSN={1937-156X 2162-4097}, url={http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/1937156X.2019.1589794}, DOI={10.1080/1937156X.2019.1589794}, abstractNote={Abstract The complex and uncertain academic job search is often a terrifying prospect for aspiring recreation and leisure scholars. New doctoral candidates are eager for meaningful lived experiences and useful advice regarding the steps for a successful job search, including finding the right opportunities, submitting applications, interviewing well, and negotiating effectively. In this article, we address the significant challenges and considerations doctoral students face throughout the academic job search process. By outlining some of the best practices and strategies for success through the lens of recreation and leisure studies, we hope to help readers know what to expect and how to prepare—ultimately converting the seemingly daunting task of finding the right academic job into an exciting and rewarding opportunity.}, number={1}, journal={SCHOLE: A Journal of Leisure Studies and Recreation Education}, publisher={Informa UK Limited}, author={Gray, Joey and Larson, Lincoln R. and Fernandez, Mariela and Duffy, Lauren N. and Sturts, Jill and Powell, Gwynn M. and Roberts, Kelsie}, year={2019}, month={Jan}, pages={16–28} }
 @article{auerbach_barthelmess_cavalier_cooper_fenyk_haklay_hulbert_kyba_larson_lewandowski_et al._2019, title={The problem with delineating narrow criteria for citizen science}, volume={116}, ISSN={0027-8424 1091-6490}, url={http://dx.doi.org/10.1073/pnas.1909278116}, DOI={10.1073/pnas.1909278116}, abstractNote={Heigl et al. (1) propose an international definition of citizen science based on quality criteria for projects. As an international group of scholars with extensive background in the theory and practice of citizen science, we find the Opinion by Heigl et al. (1) antithetical to the creativity, innovation, and bottom-up pathways to knowledge generation that are embodied by citizen science. The minimum quality standards Heigl et al. (1) propose do not represent the interdisciplinary consensus of the international citizen science community*, and we fear that such a definition would confine rather than define the field.

Many citizen science professionals, including some of the authors of this … 

[↵][1]1To whom correspondence may be addressed. Email: jeremy.auerbach{at}colostate.edu.

 [1]: #xref-corresp-1-1}, number={31}, journal={Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences}, publisher={Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences}, author={Auerbach, Jeremy and Barthelmess, Erika L. and Cavalier, Darlene and Cooper, Caren B. and Fenyk, Heather and Haklay, Mordechai and Hulbert, Joseph M. and Kyba, Christopher C. M. and Larson, Lincoln R. and Lewandowski, Eva and et al.}, year={2019}, month={Jul}, pages={15336–15337} }
 @article{bowers_larson_sandoval_2019, title={Urban Youth Perspectives on the Benefits and Challenges of Outdoor Adventure Camp}, volume={14}, ISSN={2325-4017}, url={http://dx.doi.org/10.5195/jyd.2019.809}, DOI={10.5195/jyd.2019.809}, abstractNote={Consistent evidence indicates that urban youth, and particularly youth of color, report relatively low levels of participation in quality youth program experiences and spend less time outdoors as compared to non-urban and White youth. Outdoor adventure camps (OACs) provide an excellent opportunity for engaging these youth in experiences that can help promote positive youth development (PYD). In the present study, we examined the experiences and perceptions of 75 urban youth who participated in a 3-day high adventure camp experience. Through a mixed-method approach, results indicated that urban youth from all racial and ethnic backgrounds grew in several PYD outcomes including social competencies and self-improvement capacities. Many youth also reported growing in their connection to nature as a consequence of participating in the OAC. Youth thought camp was a positive and worthwhile experience, reflecting key attributes of a PYD setting. Overall, the OAC provided a challenging and engaging growth environment for youth. Findings highlight implications for socially just and culturally inclusive outdoor adventure programming aimed at diverse urban youth.}, number={4}, journal={Journal of Youth Development}, publisher={University Library System, University of Pittsburgh}, author={Bowers, Edmond P. and Larson, Lincoln R. and Sandoval, Alexandra M.}, year={2019}, month={Dec}, pages={122–143} }
 @article{krafte holland_larson_powell_2018, title={Characterizing conflict between humans and big cats Panthera spp: A systematic review of research trends and management opportunities}, volume={13}, ISSN={1932-6203}, url={http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0203877}, DOI={10.1371/journal.pone.0203877}, abstractNote={Conservation of big cats (Panthera spp.), a taxonomic group including tigers, lions, jaguars, leopards and snow leopards, is a daunting challenge. As expanding human populations across Panthera range countries exacerbate competition for land and prey, conflicts between humans and big cats are inevitable. Through a systematic review of the peer-reviewed literature published from 1991 to 2014 and indexed in Web of Science and Google Scholar (186 articles), our study explored the current state of knowledge regarding human-Panthera conflict and potential solutions, examining variables such as spatial and temporal distribution of research, methods used to study conflict, evaluation of interventions, and management recommendations. Our synthesis revealed several key data gaps and research needs. More studies could utilize diverse data collection approaches to focus on both the ecological and socio-cultural context for conflict. Additionally, only 21% of articles included in the review evaluated conflict mitigation interventions, and few of these yielded conclusive results. Success ratios suggest that compensation schemes and livestock management strategies were more effective tools for addressing conflict than either direct interventions (lethal removal or translocation of animals) or community interventions (e.g. education, ecotourism, local management). More studies should systematically evaluate the efficacy of conflict mitigation strategies, many of which are consistently recommended without empirical support. Results highlight trends and opportunities that can be used to inform future research and management efforts focused on human-Panthera conflict, ultimately enhancing the potential for coexistence between humans and carnivore species worldwide.}, number={9}, journal={PLOS ONE}, publisher={Public Library of Science (PLoS)}, author={Krafte Holland, Kathleen and Larson, Lincoln R. and Powell, Robert B.}, editor={Serrano Ferron, EmmanuelEditor}, year={2018}, month={Sep}, pages={e0203877} }
 @article{shipley_larson_cooper_dale_lebaron_takekawa_2018, title={Do birdwatchers buy the duck stamp?}, volume={24}, ISSN={1087-1209 1533-158X}, url={http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/10871209.2018.1517227}, DOI={10.1080/10871209.2018.1517227}, abstractNote={ABSTRACT Bird watchers (birders) are stakeholders in wildlife conservation; yet, few federal programs provide formal mechanisms for birders to contribute economically to conservation. One exception is the Migratory Bird Hunting and Conservation Stamp (duck stamp), a unique conservation tool historically aimed at waterfowl hunters that generates revenue to acquire and protect wetland habitat. This article examined duck stamp purchasing behavior among birders participating in the National Audubon Society’s annual citizen science project, the Christmas Bird Count (CBC) (n = 3,072). Twenty percent of CBC participants had purchased a duck stamp between 2013 and 2015, and about 40% of those purchasers were also hunters. Birding specialization was a key predictor of duck stamp purchasing behavior, with highly specialized nonhunting birders purchasing stamps at rates approximately equal to hunters. Future research should continue to explore reasons birders buy (or do not buy) duck stamps and the broader implications on wildlife conservation.}, number={1}, journal={Human Dimensions of Wildlife}, publisher={Informa UK Limited}, author={Shipley, Nathan J. and Larson, Lincoln R. and Cooper, Caren B. and Dale, Kathy and LeBaron, Geoff and Takekawa, John}, year={2018}, month={Sep}, pages={61–70} }
 @article{wilcer_larson_hallo_baldwin_2018, title={First Day Hikes: Participation, Impacts, and Implications for the Future}, volume={36}, ISSN={2160-6862}, url={http://dx.doi.org/10.18666/JPRA-2018-V36-I2-8403}, DOI={10.18666/jpra-2018-v36-i2-8403}, abstractNote={First Day Hikes, which occur on New Year’s Day, are part of a nationwide initiative led by America’s State Parks to get more people outdoors. The concept became a national movement in 2012 when all 50 state park systems held at least one First Day Hike for the first time. In 2017, over 60,000 hikers across the United States attended one of nearly 1,300 First Day Hikes offered. Despite the popularity of the First Day Hike initiative, little is known about the First Day Hikers themselves or the broader impacts of this experience. Synthesizing data from three popular First Day Hike states (GA, MA, SC), our study used pre and post-hike feedback from participants to highlight positive and negative aspects of the hikes, assess broader program impacts, and identify potential opportunities for improvement in future years. Results illustrate a variety of factors driving the overall success of the First Day Hikes initiative and suggest that this and similar park-based programs have the potential to affect outdoor recreation participation, foster connections between people and nature, and inspire future stewardship behavior. Recommendations for managers derived from evaluation data and participant feedback include a more targeted emphasis on marketing toward and recruiting specific subgroups (such as first-time hikers, families with children, and racial/ethnic minorities), improving crowd control to enhance visitor experiences, and working to foster stronger enduring connections between First Day Hike participants and the parks they are visiting. Subscribe to JPRA}, number={2}, journal={The Journal of Park and Recreation Administration}, publisher={Sagamore Publishing, LLC}, author={Wilcer, Sarah R. and Larson, Lincoln R. and Hallo, Jeffrey C. and Baldwin, Elizabeth}, year={2018}, pages={213–226} }
 @article{larson_barger_ogletree_torquati_rosenberg_gaither_bartz_gardner_moody_schutte_et al._2018, title={Gray space and green space proximity associated with higher anxiety in youth with autism}, volume={53}, ISSN={1353-8292}, url={http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.healthplace.2018.07.006}, DOI={10.1016/j.healthplace.2018.07.006}, abstractNote={This study used ZIP code level data on children's health (National Survey of Children's Health, 2012) and land cover (National Land Cover Database, 2011) from across the United States to investigate connections between proximity to green space (tree canopy), gray space (impervious surfaces), and expression of a critical co-morbid condition, anxiety, in three groups of youth: children diagnosed with autism spectrum disorder (ASD, n = 1501), non-ASD children with special healthcare needs (CSHCN, n = 15,776), and typically developing children (n = 53,650). Both impervious surface coverage and tree canopy coverage increased the risk of severe anxiety in youth with autism, but not CSHCN or typical children. Children with ASD might experience the stress-reducing benefits of nature differently than their typically developing peers. More research using objective diagnostic metrics at finer spatial scales would help to illuminate complex relationships between green space, anxiety, and other co-morbid conditions in youth with ASD.}, journal={Health & Place}, publisher={Elsevier BV}, author={Larson, Lincoln and Barger, Brian and Ogletree, Scott and Torquati, Julia and Rosenberg, Steven and Gaither, Cassandra Johnson and Bartz, Jody Marie and Gardner, Andrew and Moody, Eric and Schutte, Anne and et al.}, year={2018}, month={Sep}, pages={94–102} }
 @article{keith_larson_shafer_hallo_fernandez_2018, title={Greenway use and preferences in diverse urban communities: Implications for trail design and management}, volume={172}, ISSN={0169-2046}, url={http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.landurbplan.2017.12.007}, DOI={10.1016/j.landurbplan.2017.12.007}, abstractNote={Greenways represent corridors of benefits with a unique capacity to contribute to sustainable urban development, yet more research is needed to understand the extent to which greenway-related benefits are realized and distributed across diverse populations and settings. Using intercept surveys of greenway users during summer 2015, our study explored use patterns and preferences along two trails traversing diverse neighborhoods: the Eastside Trail in Atlanta, GA (n = 505), and the Leon Creek Greenway in San Antonio, TX (n = 429). Descriptive statistics and regression-based analyses revealed that exercising and escaping the stress of city life were the top motivations for visiting both trails, and safety and security were rated as top concerns among visitors (particularly women and racial/ethnic minorities). On the urban Eastside Trail, where more users accessed the trail by foot or bicycle and engaged in a variety of trail-based activities, cultural benefits linked to social interaction and community connectivity were more widely acknowledged. On the suburban Leon Creek Greenway, where most visitors tended to travel longer distances to access the trail, typically for physically-active recreation, experiential benefits stemming from outdoor recreation in natural settings were more strongly recognized. Both trails attracted substantial numbers of racial/ethnic minorities, with Hispanics and other non-white users representing about 55% of Leon Creek Greenway and 32% of Eastside Trail visitors. Social and nature-based motivations were more common among these user groups. Planners and managers can utilize these results to identify strategies for maximizing greenway-related benefits among diverse groups of potential trail users.}, journal={Landscape and Urban Planning}, publisher={Elsevier BV}, author={Keith, Samuel J. and Larson, Lincoln R. and Shafer, C. Scott and Hallo, Jeffrey C. and Fernandez, Mariela}, year={2018}, month={Apr}, pages={47–59} }
 @article{mascovich_larson_andrews_2018, title={Lights on, or Lights Off? Hotel Guests' Response to Nonpersonal Educational Outreach Designed to Protect Nesting Sea Turtles}, volume={17}, ISSN={1071-8443}, url={http://dx.doi.org/10.2744/CCB-1299.1}, DOI={10.2744/CCB-1299.1}, abstractNote={Abstract 
 Light pollution from beachfront hotels has the potential to impact nesting and hatching sea turtles. Education strategies could be used to alter visitor behavior and mitigate this threat. We tested the efficacy of a sea turtle–friendly education card that encouraged visitors to “protect the night, hide the light.” Cards were placed in beachfront hotel rooms at a prominent sea turtle nesting site: Jekyll Island, Georgia. We assessed visitor responses by conducting nightly observations to determine the proportion of occupied guest rooms with beach-visible lights under 2 different scenarios (cards present or cards absent). We found that less than half of all hotel guests closed room blinds to minimize artificial light on the nesting beach, and compliance rates seemed to be lower during peak visitation times. The nonpersonal educational treatment (card) had little effect on visitors' sea turtle–friendly lighting choices and behaviors, highlighting the need for other approaches to encourage responsible tourist behavior at ecologically sensitive beach destinations.}, number={2}, journal={Chelonian Conservation and Biology}, publisher={Chelonian Conservation and Biology Journal}, author={Mascovich, Katie A. and Larson, Lincoln R. and Andrews, Kimberly M.}, year={2018}, month={Dec}, pages={206} }
 @article{larson_szczytko_bowers_stephens_stevenson_floyd_2018, title={Outdoor Time, Screen Time, and Connection to Nature: Troubling Trends Among Rural Youth?}, volume={10}, ISSN={0013-9165 1552-390X}, url={http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0013916518806686}, DOI={10.1177/0013916518806686}, abstractNote={Evidence suggests that contemporary children are spending less time outdoors than their predecessors. Concurrent reports also highlight the rise of electronic media use in the lives of youth. We explored relationships between self-reported outdoor time, screen time, and connection to nature in a sample of sixth- to eighth-grade students across rural South Carolina ( N = 543). We found that most youth spent time outdoors, but they spent more time with electronic media. The outdoor versus screen time discrepancy was particularly pronounced for girls, African Americans, and eighth graders. Connection to nature, linked to outdoor time, was highest among boys, White students, and sixth graders. Our study contributes to growing evidence highlighting the negative influence of escalating screen time on outdoor time and connection to nature during adolescence. Programs designed to address these troubling trends could focus on two groups at particularly high risk: girls and youth of color.}, journal={Environment and Behavior}, publisher={SAGE Publications}, author={Larson, Lincoln R. and Szczytko, Rachel and Bowers, Edmond P. and Stephens, Lauren E. and Stevenson, Kathryn T. and Floyd, Myron F.}, year={2018}, month={Oct}, pages={001391651880668} }
 @article{larson_cooper_stedman_decker_gagnon_2018, title={Place-Based Pathways to Proenvironmental Behavior: Empirical Evidence for a Conservation–Recreation Model}, volume={31}, ISSN={0894-1920 1521-0723}, url={http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/08941920.2018.1447714}, DOI={10.1080/08941920.2018.1447714}, abstractNote={ABSTRACT This study expands existing models of proenvironmental behavior (PEB) to examine the potentially important and interacting influences of nature-based recreation and sense of place on participation in conservation-oriented activities. We tested hypothesized relationships using a structural equation modeling approach that accounted for common behavioral antecedents within a sample of 1,124 nature-based recreationists and property owners in rural counties of New York, USA. We found that place attachment played an important role in strengthening connections between nature-based recreation and PEB. Birdwatching and hunting participation contributed independently and significantly to PEB, both directly and indirectly through effects on place meanings and place attachment. While birdwatching appeared to influence place attachment by impacting environmental place meanings, hunting exerted similar effects by affecting sociocultural place meanings. Ultimately, our synthesis results in the articulation of a comprehensive conservation–recreation model that could help researchers and practitioners identify and explore novel pathways to PEB.}, number={8}, journal={Society & Natural Resources}, publisher={Informa UK Limited}, author={Larson, Lincoln R. and Cooper, Caren B. and Stedman, Richard C. and Decker, Daniel J. and Gagnon, Ryan J.}, year={2018}, month={Mar}, pages={871–891} }
 @article{cooper_larson_holland_gibson_farnham_hsueh_culligan_mcgillis_2017, title={Contrasting the Views and Actions of Data Collectors and Data Consumers in a Volunteer Water Quality Monitoring Project: Implications for Project Design and Management}, volume={2}, ISSN={2057-4991}, url={http://dx.doi.org/10.5334/cstp.82}, DOI={10.5334/cstp.82}, abstractNote={Data collection or generation is the primary way that the majority of volunteers advance the scientific goals of citizen science projects, but other activities such as data consumption also may influence learning, civic, and conservation outcomes. Project designers and managers balance goals for multiple outcomes and thus need to consider the influence of all project-related activities on outcomes. In a study of the kayak-based Citizen’s Water Quality Testing (CWQT) Program in New York City, we compared the characteristics, perceptions, and behaviors of those collecting and using CWQT data (data collectors) and those solely using the data (data consumers). Data collectors (n = 40) and consumers (n = 24) were similar in gender and political orientation, but collectors were younger, devoted more time to the project, and experienced far more face-to-face interactions related to the project. Data collectors and consumers had similar motivations for participation, except that collectors were more likely motivated by recognition for their efforts. Lack of free time was the largest barrier to participation for both types of participants, and a significantly greater barrier for consumers. Data collectors and consumers trusted volunteer-collected data more than government-collected data. Collectors and consumers both recognized multiple scientific, environmental, and social benefits associated with the project, and both were equally likely to use volunteer-collected data for a variety of purposes, such as informing decisions about conservation and recreation. Importantly, both groups were equally likely to undertake a suite of conservation behaviors. We synthesize and expand current conceptual frameworks of citizen science participation and outcomes, highlighting the need for further study to understand mechanisms and linkages between the varied activities of citizen science projects and broader social and ecological impacts. To achieve conservation goals, project managers should broaden the definition of participant to include those carrying out activities other than data collection (such as data use) and explicitly manage for potential benefits derived by consumers of citizen science.}, number={1}, journal={Citizen Science: Theory and Practice}, publisher={Ubiquity Press, Ltd.}, author={Cooper, Caren B. and Larson, Lincoln R. and Holland, Kathleen Krafte and Gibson, Rebecca A. and Farnham, David J. and Hsueh, Diana Y. and Culligan, Patricia J. and McGillis, Wade R.}, year={2017}, pages={8} }
 @article{harris_larson_ogletree_2017, title={Different Views From The 606: Examining the Impacts of an Urban Greenway on Crime in Chicago}, volume={50}, ISSN={0013-9165 1552-390X}, url={http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0013916517690197}, DOI={10.1177/0013916517690197}, abstractNote={ Parks and greenways provide many benefits to urban communities, but their relationship to crime is often debated. We examined the links between an elevated linear trail and crime within census block groups (CBGs) surrounding Chicago’s Bloomingdale Trail, colloquially known as The 606, using two different approaches: (a) a matched case-control comparison of crime trends in 606-proximate CBGs and similar socioeconomic status (SES) neighborhoods in other parts of the city and (b) spatially oriented hierarchical regression models of crime in 606-proximate CBGs before and after trail construction. Using this dichotomous approach, we detected a positive influence of The 606 on all types of crime (violent, property, and disorderly) when examined at a coarse scale, particularly in low SES neighborhoods (Study 1), and an inverse relationship between trail proximity and property crime on a spatially proximate scale (Study 2). Future research should continue to explore complex relationships between urban greenways and crime in diverse cities. }, number={1}, journal={Environment and Behavior}, publisher={SAGE Publications}, author={Harris, Brandon and Larson, Lincoln and Ogletree, Scott}, year={2017}, month={Feb}, pages={56–85} }
 @article{quartuch_stedman_decker_larson_siemer_baumer_2017, title={Exploring Nontraditional Pathways Into Hunting in New York State: Implications for Recruitment and Retention}, volume={22}, ISSN={1087-1209 1533-158X}, url={http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/10871209.2017.1334247}, DOI={10.1080/10871209.2017.1334247}, abstractNote={ABSTRACT Anecdotal evidence suggests that adults lacking previous hunting experience and family support for hunting comprise a growing proportion of new hunters. Empirical evidence of such a trend is lacking. Furthermore, hunting motivations and constraints for these “nontraditional path hunters” (NTPHs) have not been well documented. We articulate a strategy for identifying potential NTPHs in New York, describe socialization mechanisms initiating NTPHs into hunting, and explore motivations and constraints of these hunters. Data were collected using a Web-based survey of 3,605 NTPHs identified among 2014 Sportsman Education course graduates in New York. We found that many NTPHs were initiated by friends and co-workers, and their motivations and constraints were similar to traditional hunters. These findings suggest that NTPHs are not a panacea to the trend of declining numbers of hunters in New York.}, number={5}, journal={Human Dimensions of Wildlife}, publisher={Informa UK Limited}, author={Quartuch, Michael R. and Stedman, Richard C. and Decker, Daniel J. and Larson, Lincoln R. and Siemer, William F. and Baumer, Meghan S.}, year={2017}, month={Jun}, pages={391–405} }
 @article{stedman_larson_tidball_tidball_curtis_2017, title={Hunting and the local food movement: Insights from central New York State}, volume={41}, ISSN={1938-5463}, url={http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/wsb.802}, DOI={10.1002/wsb.802}, abstractNote={ABSTRACT}, number={4}, journal={Wildlife Society Bulletin}, publisher={Wiley}, author={Stedman, Richard C. and Larson, Lincoln R. and Tidball, Keith G. and Tidball, Moira and Curtis, Paul D.}, year={2017}, month={Sep}, pages={720–728} }
 @article{larson_lauber_kay_cutts_2017, title={Local Government Capacity to Respond to Environmental Change: Insights from Towns in New York State}, volume={60}, ISSN={0364-152X 1432-1009}, url={http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00267-017-0860-1}, DOI={10.1007/s00267-017-0860-1}, abstractNote={Local governments attempting to respond to environmental change face an array of challenges. To better understand policy responses and factors influencing local government capacity to respond to environmental change, we studied three environmental issues affecting rural or peri-urban towns in different regions of New York State: climate change in the Adirondacks (n = 63 towns), loss of open space due to residential/commercial development in the Hudson Valley (n = 50), and natural gas development in the Southern Tier (n = 62). Our analysis focused on towns' progression through three key stages of the environmental policy process (issue awareness and salience, common goals and agenda setting, policy development and implementation) and the factors that affect this progression and overall capacity for environmental governance. We found that-when compared to towns addressing open space development and natural gas development-towns confronted with climate change were at a much earlier stage in the policy process and were generally less likely to display the essential resources, social support, and political legitimacy needed for an effective policy response. Social capital cultivated through collaboration and networking was strongly associated with towns' policy response across all regions and could help municipalities overcome omnipresent resource constraints. By comparing and contrasting municipal responses to each issue, this study highlights the processes and factors influencing local government capacity to address a range of environmental changes across diverse management contexts.}, number={1}, journal={Environmental Management}, publisher={Springer Science and Business Media LLC}, author={Larson, Lincoln R. and Lauber, T. Bruce and Kay, David L. and Cutts, Bethany B.}, year={2017}, month={Apr}, pages={118–135} }
 @article{whiting_larson_green_kralowec_2017, title={Outdoor recreation motivation and site preferences across diverse racial/ethnic groups: A case study of Georgia state parks}, volume={18}, ISSN={2213-0780}, url={http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jort.2017.02.001}, DOI={10.1016/j.jort.2017.02.001}, abstractNote={As the demographic composition of the United States changes, racial and ethnic minorities constitute a larger proportion of the overall population. Understanding the nature-based outdoor recreation behavior of these groups has therefore become increasingly important to public land managers. This study examined racial and ethnic differences in motivations and site preferences of diverse Georgia state park visitors. Data were collected via intercept surveys of visitors to three state parks in northern Georgia (n=1207). Analyses revealed four broad motivational categories: social interaction, physical health and fitness, relaxation and restoration, and nature interaction. Setting preferences focused on three types of park environments: natural areas, maintained outdoor areas, and developed outdoor areas and facilities. Visitors rated all motivation categories as important; however, social interaction motivations were most popular across all groups. Latinos were more socially motivated in their visitation than all other groups, highlighting the potential value of state park settings in meeting activity needs unique to the Latino community. African American and Asian visitors were generally less likely than other groups to rate nature interaction as an important motivation. Associations between specific motivations and site preferences were observed, with social interaction motivations strongly associated with developed and maintained areas, and physical health and fitness motivations more strongly associated with natural areas. All groups of state park users reported a stronger preference for developed and maintained outdoor areas relative to natural areas. Efforts to understand and capitalize on diverse recreation motivations and preferences can help park managers accommodate the needs and desires of constituents from different racial and ethnic groups. Results of this study highlight the strong link between motivations and site preferences, illustrating how park design and management can facilitate or impede different types of experiences for visitors from all cultural backgrounds.}, journal={Journal of Outdoor Recreation and Tourism}, publisher={Elsevier BV}, author={Whiting, Jason W. and Larson, Lincoln R. and Green, Gary T. and Kralowec, Chuck}, year={2017}, month={Jun}, pages={10–21} }
 @article{larson_usher_chapmon_2017, title={Surfers as Environmental Stewards: Understanding Place-protecting Behavior at Cape Hatteras National Seashore}, volume={40}, ISSN={0149-0400 1521-0588}, url={http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/01490400.2017.1305306}, DOI={10.1080/01490400.2017.1305306}, abstractNote={ABSTRACT Resource-based adventure activities have a unique potential to foster connections to place that may assist park managers in simultaneously promoting enjoyable visitor experiences and achieving environmental sustainability. Our study examined links among recreation, conservation, and place attachment by comparing the pro-environmental attitudes and behaviors of surfers (n = 52) and other types of recreationists (n = 56) at Cape Hatteras National Seashore (CAHA). Intercept surveys during 2016 revealed that when compared to nonsurfers, surfers were more frequent visitors to CAHA and reported significantly higher levels of place attachment. When controlling for other variables, surfers were also more likely than other recreationists to engage in both high-effort (e.g., participating in environmental groups) and low-effort (e.g., picking up litter on the beach) forms of place-protecting, pro-environmental behavior at CAHA. Managers should consider the potentially powerful role that surfers and other adventure recreationists may play as environmental stewards and park advocates.}, number={5}, journal={Leisure Sciences}, publisher={Informa UK Limited}, author={Larson, Lincoln R. and Usher, Lindsay E. and Chapmon, Tara}, year={2017}, month={Apr}, pages={442–465} }
 @article{jennings_larson_yun_2016, title={Advancing Sustainability through Urban Green Space: Cultural Ecosystem Services, Equity, and Social Determinants of Health}, volume={13}, ISSN={1660-4601}, url={http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph13020196}, DOI={10.3390/ijerph13020196}, abstractNote={Urban green spaces provide an array of benefits, or ecosystem services, that support our physical, psychological, and social health. In many cases, however, these benefits are not equitably distributed across diverse urban populations. In this paper, we explore relationships between cultural ecosystem services provided by urban green space and the social determinants of health outlined in the United States Healthy People 2020 initiative. Specifically, we: (1) explore connections between cultural ecosystem services and social determinants of health; (2) examine cultural ecosystem services as nature-based health amenities to promote social equity; and (3) recommend areas for future research examining links between urban green space and public health within the context of environmental justice.}, number={2}, journal={International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health}, publisher={MDPI AG}, author={Jennings, Viniece and Larson, Lincoln and Yun, Jessica}, year={2016}, month={Feb}, pages={196} }
 @article{larson_conway_krafte_hernandez_carroll_2016, title={Community-based conservation as a potential source of conflict around a protected area in Sierra Leone}, volume={43}, ISSN={0376-8929 1469-4387}, url={http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/S0376892916000096}, DOI={10.1017/S0376892916000096}, abstractNote={SUMMARY}, number={3}, journal={Environmental Conservation}, publisher={Cambridge University Press (CUP)}, author={Larson, Lincoln R. and Conway, April L. and Krafte, Kathleen E. and Hernandez, Sonia M. and Carroll, John P.}, year={2016}, month={Apr}, pages={242–252} }
 @article{jennings_larson_larson_2016, title={Ecosystem Services and Preventive Medicine}, volume={50}, ISSN={0749-3797}, url={http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.amepre.2015.11.001}, DOI={10.1016/j.amepre.2015.11.001}, abstractNote={Modern public health challenges require interdisciplinary solutions that integrate knowledge of human behavior and its complex relationship with the physical environment. Historically, this discourse was dominated by studies of hazards and other negative health consequences associated with human–environment interactions. However, growing evidence1 suggests that contact with green spaces (e.g., parks, forests, gardens) can be beneficial to physical and mental health. Despite these findings, integration of the natural environment into preventive medicine policy and practice has been slow.}, number={5}, journal={American Journal of Preventive Medicine}, publisher={Elsevier BV}, author={Jennings, Viniece L. and Larson, Claire K. and Larson, Lincoln R.}, year={2016}, month={May}, pages={642–645} }
 @article{larson_keith_fernandez_hallo_shafer_jennings_2016, title={Ecosystem services and urban greenways: What's the public's perspective?}, volume={22}, ISSN={2212-0416}, url={http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ecoser.2016.10.004}, DOI={10.1016/j.ecoser.2016.10.004}, abstractNote={Ecosystem services (ES) are an important tool for quantifying the value of nature, yet there are often disconnects between services defined and measured by scientists and those that are realized and appreciated by the general public. Our study explored public perceptions of urban ES by examining benefits associated with greenways in two U.S. cities. Respondents (n =460) recognized all types of ES, though environmental benefits (e.g., air and water quality regulation; acknowledged by 74% of respondents) were less widely recognized than cultural benefits (e.g., economic impacts, social connectivity; 90%) or experiential benefits (e.g., attractive scenery, recreation; 98%). The distinction between these last two categories is rarely made in conventional ES frameworks, but it may be practically significant from the public's perspective. Benefit perceptions varied across geographic and socio-demographic contexts. Enhanced integration of cultural and experiential benefits into urban ES frameworks could lead to more equitable and informed decisions about the provision, management, and valuation of urban green space across diverse settings and populations.}, journal={Ecosystem Services}, publisher={Elsevier BV}, author={Larson, Lincoln R. and Keith, Samuel J. and Fernandez, Mariela and Hallo, Jeffrey C. and Shafer, C. Scott and Jennings, Viniece}, year={2016}, month={Dec}, pages={111–116} }
 @article{camus_hurt_larson_prevost_2016, title={Facebook as an Online Teaching Tool: Effects on Student Participation, Learning, and Overall Course Performance}, volume={64}, ISSN={8756-7555 1930-8299}, url={http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/87567555.2015.1099093}, DOI={10.1080/87567555.2015.1099093}, abstractNote={ABSTRACT Online discussions are widely viewed as a valuable tool for encouraging student engagement and promoting interaction with course material outside of the traditional classroom. Strategies for conducting online discussions vary and are not confined to traditional, university-sponsored learning management systems (LMS). Social media platforms such as Facebook, which provide a variety of social benefits to students, might also represent a viable mechanism for educational information exchange and learning. Our study tested this proposition by comparing the effects of a Facebook-based and LMS-based online discussion forum on students' participation, achievement of learning goals, and overall course performance. Our findings suggest that different forums can affect classroom dynamics and student learning in different ways. While Facebook may be better at fostering student participation and encouraging peer-to-peer dialogue, the university-sponsored LMS may be a more effective tool for encouraging students to develop coherent arguments and apply course content in other contexts. Since this study shows that platform of an online discussion assignment matters, college instructors should consider the benefits and drawbacks of each platform before developing an online discussion assignment. Instructor choice of platform should depend on course content, instructor's teaching preferences, and online discussion assignment goals.}, number={2}, journal={College Teaching}, publisher={Informa UK Limited}, author={Camus, Melinda and Hurt, Nicole E. and Larson, Lincoln R. and Prevost, Luanna}, year={2016}, month={Mar}, pages={84–94} }
 @article{jennings_yun_larson_2016, title={Finding Common Ground: Environmental Ethics, Social Justice, and a Sustainable Path for Nature-Based Health Promotion}, volume={4}, ISSN={2227-9032}, url={http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/healthcare4030061}, DOI={10.3390/healthcare4030061}, abstractNote={Decades of research have documented continuous tension between anthropocentric needs and the environment’s capacity to accommodate those needs and support basic human welfare. The way in which society perceives, manages, and ultimately utilizes natural resources can be influenced by underlying environmental ethics, or the moral relationship that humans share with the natural world. This discourse often centers on the complex interplay between the tangible and intangible benefits associated with nonhuman nature (e.g., green space), both of which are relevant to public health. When ecosystem degradation is coupled with socio-demographic transitions, additional concerns related to distributional equity and justice can arise. In this commentary, we explore how environmental ethics can inform the connection between the ecosystem services from green space and socially just strategies of health promotion.}, number={3}, journal={Healthcare}, publisher={MDPI AG}, author={Jennings, Viniece and Yun, Jessica and Larson, Lincoln}, year={2016}, month={Aug}, pages={61} }
 @book{holland_larson_2016, title={Human-Panthera Conflict--Lit Review Data}, author={Holland, K.K. and Larson, L.R.}, year={2016} }
 @article{larson_conway_hernandez_carroll_2016, title={Human-wildlife conflict, conservation attitudes, and a potential role for citizen science in Sierra Leone, Africa}, volume={14}, ISSN={0972-4923}, url={http://dx.doi.org/10.4103/0972-4923.191159}, DOI={10.4103/0972-4923.191159}, abstractNote={Protection of tropical biodiversity is often difficult due to persistent gaps in ecological data and complex conflicts between wildlife conservation and human livelihoods. To better understand the nature and extent of these conflicts, we conducted intercept surveys (n = 522) with local villagers around the Tiwai Island Wildlife Sanctuary in Sierra Leone (August - December, 2010). Results revealed high levels of crop depredation, retaliatory killing, and bushmeat harvesting in villages surrounding the protected area. We also found that pro-conservation attitudes were less prevalent among younger adults and immigrants to the region. Efforts to mitigate human-wildlife conflict could emphasise an enhanced awareness and appreciation of wildlife resources among these particular socio-demographic groups. In the second part of our study (May 2012), we interviewed a subset of local residents (n = 14) to explore the feasibility and utility of expanding our initial survey effort to create a more comprehensive and sustainable framework for monitoring human-wildlife interactions based on Public Participation in Scientific Research (PPSR) principles. Findings highlighted the challenges of implementing a PPSR-type model in this difficult management context and the potential benefits of using “citizen science” to improve data collection capacity, increase local empowerment, and influence wildlife conservation.}, number={3}, journal={Conservation and Society}, publisher={Medknow}, author={Larson, LincolnR and Conway, AprilL and Hernandez, SoniaM and Carroll, JohnP}, year={2016}, pages={205} }
 @article{larson_jennings_cloutier_2016, title={Public Parks and Wellbeing in Urban Areas of the United States}, volume={11}, ISSN={1932-6203}, url={http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0153211}, DOI={10.1371/journal.pone.0153211}, abstractNote={Sustainable development efforts in urban areas often focus on understanding and managing factors that influence all aspects of health and wellbeing. Research has shown that public parks and green space provide a variety of physical, psychological, and social benefits to urban residents, but few studies have examined the influence of parks on comprehensive measures of subjective wellbeing at the city level. Using 2014 data from 44 U.S. cities, we evaluated the relationship between urban park quantity, quality, and accessibility and aggregate self-reported scores on the Gallup-Healthways Wellbeing Index (WBI), which considers five different domains of wellbeing (e.g., physical, community, social, financial, and purpose). In addition to park-related variables, our best-fitting OLS regression models selected using an information theory approach controlled for a variety of other typical geographic and socio-demographic correlates of wellbeing. Park quantity (measured as the percentage of city area covered by public parks) was among the strongest predictors of overall wellbeing, and the strength of this relationship appeared to be driven by parks’ contributions to physical and community wellbeing. Park quality (measured as per capita spending on parks) and accessibility (measured as the overall percentage of a city’s population within ½ mile of parks) were also positively associated with wellbeing, though these relationships were not significant. Results suggest that expansive park networks are linked to multiple aspects of health and wellbeing in cities and positively impact urban quality of life.}, number={4}, journal={PLOS ONE}, publisher={Public Library of Science (PLoS)}, author={Larson, Lincoln R. and Jennings, Viniece and Cloutier, Scott A.}, editor={Lepczyk, Christopher A.Editor}, year={2016}, month={Apr}, pages={e0153211} }
 @article{skupien_andrews_larson_2016, title={Teaching Tolerance? Effects of Conservation Education Programs on Wildlife Acceptance Capacity for the American Alligator}, volume={21}, ISSN={1087-1209 1533-158X}, url={http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/10871209.2016.1147624}, DOI={10.1080/10871209.2016.1147624}, abstractNote={ABSTRACT Growing populations of American alligators (Alligator mississippiensis) in human-dominated landscapes present a challenge to wildlife managers concerned with promoting coexistence between humans and alligators. Where structural fixes such as direct removal of animals are not viable options, cognitive fixes such as conservation education programs should be considered. We evaluated the effectiveness of two conservation education programs (classroom-based program, field excursion) on three outcome variables that help define wildlife acceptance capacity for American alligators: beliefs and attitudes, perceived risk, and potential for coexistence. We found respondents who took part in both education programs had more positive beliefs and attitudes toward alligators, and believed in a greater potential for coexistence than individuals in a control group who did not undergo either intervention. Control group respondents also perceived higher risk from alligators. These data suggest that conservation education programs can impact stakeholder beliefs, attitudes, and perceptions, ultimately influencing acceptance capacity for predators.}, number={3}, journal={Human Dimensions of Wildlife}, publisher={Informa UK Limited}, author={Skupien, Gregory M. and Andrews, Kimberly M. and Larson, Lincoln R.}, year={2016}, month={Mar}, pages={264–279} }
 @article{joshi_poudyal_larson_2016, title={The influence of sociopolitical, natural, and cultural factors on international tourism growth: a cross-country panel analysis}, volume={19}, ISSN={1387-585X 1573-2975}, url={http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10668-016-9767-x}, DOI={10.1007/s10668-016-9767-x}, number={3}, journal={Environment, Development and Sustainability}, publisher={Springer Science and Business Media LLC}, author={Joshi, Omkar and Poudyal, Neelam C. and Larson, Lincoln R.}, year={2016}, month={Feb}, pages={825–838} }
 @article{cooper_larson_dayer_stedman_decker_2015, title={Are wildlife recreationists conservationists? Linking hunting, birdwatching, and pro-environmental behavior}, volume={79}, ISSN={0022-541X}, url={http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jwmg.855}, DOI={10.1002/jwmg.855}, abstractNote={There is a widely held assumption that outdoor experiences are a key precursor to pro-environmental behavior (PEB). We tested the hypothesis that wildlife recreationists are more likely than non-recreationists to voluntarily engage in different types of PEB, grouped as conservation behaviors and environmental lifestyle behaviors. Via mail and web-based surveys of rural New York residents (n = 941), we compared the self-reported PEBs of 4 types of recreationists: hunters, birdwatchers, hunter–birdwatchers (i.e., individuals who regularly engaged in both activities), and non-nature-based recreationists. We statistically controlled for group differences in socio-demographic characteristics and environmental beliefs. We found wildlife recreationists—both hunters and birdwatchers—were 4–5 times more likely than non-recreationists to engage in conservation behaviors, which included a suite of activities such as donating to support local conservation efforts, enhancing wildlife habitat on public lands, advocating for wildlife recreation, and participating in local environmental groups. Moreover, effects were additive; hunter–birdwatchers had the greatest likelihood of engaging in all types of conservation behaviors. On the other hand, engagement in environmental lifestyle behaviors such as recycling, energy conservation, and green purchasing were roughly comparable among all types of wildlife recreationists and non-recreationists. Our findings of elevated rates of conservation behaviors among hunters and birdwatchers despite different demographic attributes and environmental beliefs highlight the similar conservation potential associated with different types of wildlife recreation. Diversified strategies that include programs to encourage both hunting and birdwatching are likely to bring about long-term gains for conservation. © 2015 The Wildlife Society.}, number={3}, journal={The Journal of Wildlife Management}, publisher={Wiley}, author={Cooper, Caren and Larson, Lincoln and Dayer, Ashley and Stedman, Richard and Decker, Daniel}, year={2015}, month={Mar}, pages={446–457} }
 @article{larson_whiting_green_bowker_2015, title={Contributions of non-urban state parks to youth physical activity: a case study in northern Georgia}, volume={33}, number={2}, journal={Journal of Park and Recreation Administration}, author={Larson, L.R. and Whiting, J.W. and Green, G.T. and Bowker, J.M.}, year={2015}, pages={20–36} }
 @article{larson_cooper_hauber_2015, title={Emotions as Drivers of Wildlife Stewardship Behavior: Examining Citizen Science Nest Monitors’ Responses to Invasive House Sparrows}, volume={21}, ISSN={1087-1209 1533-158X}, url={http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/10871209.2015.1086933}, DOI={10.1080/10871209.2015.1086933}, abstractNote={ABSTRACT Growing evidence suggests wildlife stewardship behaviors might be affected by emotional dispositions toward particular species. To test this hypothesis, we studied wildlife management choices made by backyard citizen scientists (N = 448) involved in two North American bird nest monitoring projects. Our exploratory study characterized nest monitors’ efforts to manage invasive house sparrows, which compete with native songbirds for nesting sites, and examined the relative influence of cognitive and affective factors on management orientations. Results revealed that nearly all respondents engaged in some form of house sparrow management, and most respondents favored a combination of lethal and non-lethal management approaches. Core affect, emotional dispositions, and experiential variables were the primary drivers of citizen scientists’ management decisions, with anger toward house sparrows and firsthand contact with house sparrow damage as the strongest positive correlates of lethal management orientations. Findings highlight the potentially powerful influence of affect and emotions on wildlife stewardship actions.}, number={1}, journal={Human Dimensions of Wildlife}, publisher={Informa UK Limited}, author={Larson, Lincoln R. and Cooper, Caren B. and Hauber, Mark E.}, year={2015}, month={Dec}, pages={18–33} }
 @article{larson_stedman_cooper_decker_2015, title={Understanding the multi-dimensional structure of pro-environmental behavior}, volume={43}, ISSN={0272-4944}, url={http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jenvp.2015.06.004}, DOI={10.1016/j.jenvp.2015.06.004}, abstractNote={We examined the multi-dimensional structure of pro-environmental behavior (PEB) in a mixed-methods study of rural residents of New York, USA. In Phase 1, we asked 41 landowners to identify a range of behaviors that might enhance local environmental quality. We then developed a 13-item PEB scale based on interview responses and literature review. In Phase 2, we incorporated this self-reported PEB scale into a survey of 1082 rural landowners and recreationists. Confirmatory factor analysis identified four key PEB domains: conservation lifestyle behaviors (e.g., household actions in the private sphere), social environmentalism (e.g., peer interactions and group membership), environmental citizenship (e.g., civic engagement in the policy arena), and land stewardship (e.g., support for wildlife and habitat conservation). Results revealed variable participation rates in each type of PEB, confirmed the need to account for land stewardship in rural settings, and highlighted challenges and opportunities for PEB assessment across various social and geographical contexts.}, journal={Journal of Environmental Psychology}, publisher={Elsevier BV}, author={Larson, Lincoln R. and Stedman, Richard C. and Cooper, Caren B. and Decker, Daniel J.}, year={2015}, month={Sep}, pages={112–124} }
 @article{larson_stedman_decker_siemer_baumer_2014, title={Exploring the Social Habitat for Hunting: Toward a Comprehensive Framework for Understanding Hunter Recruitment and Retention}, volume={19}, ISSN={1087-1209 1533-158X}, url={http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/10871209.2014.850126}, DOI={10.1080/10871209.2014.850126}, abstractNote={Decades of decline in the number of hunters in the United States have made hunter recruitment and retention (HRR) a high priority within the North American wildlife management community. Sociodemographic changes (e.g., urbanization, shifting racial/ethnic composition, parcelization of rural properties) suggest a need to re-examine conventional knowledge of HRR processes and develop insight that reflects contemporary contexts. In this article, we emphasize the “social habitat” for hunting and adopt a social–ecological model of hunting behavior to explore the myriad factors that interact to influence HRR at multiple scales. We examine the dynamic, hierarchical social structures that influence HRR, including forces that operate at the individual, micro (e.g., family), meso (e.g., community), and macro (e.g., society) levels. The review suggests that future research addressing HRR could expand to account for a broader, more diverse social habitat for hunting that includes these multiple scales.}, number={2}, journal={Human Dimensions of Wildlife}, publisher={Informa UK Limited}, author={Larson, Lincoln R. and Stedman, Richard C. and Decker, Daniel J. and Siemer, William F. and Baumer, Meghan S.}, year={2014}, month={Mar}, pages={105–122} }
 @article{conway_hernandez_carroll_green_larson_2014, title={Local awareness of and attitudes towards the pygmy hippopotamus Choeropsis liberiensis in the Moa River Island Complex, Sierra Leone}, volume={49}, ISSN={0030-6053 1365-3008}, url={http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/S003060531300077X}, DOI={10.1017/S003060531300077X}, abstractNote={Abstract}, number={3}, journal={Oryx}, publisher={Cambridge University Press (CUP)}, author={Conway, April L. and Hernandez, Sonia M. and Carroll, John P. and Green, Gary T. and Larson, Lincoln}, year={2014}, month={Mar}, pages={550–558} }
 @article{larson_whiting_green_bowker_2014, title={Physical Activity Levels and Preferences of Ethnically Diverse Visitors to Georgia State Parks}, volume={46}, ISSN={0022-2216 2159-6417}, url={http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00222216.2014.11950342}, DOI={10.1080/00222216.2014.11950342}, abstractNote={Abstract Parks provide many outdoor recreation opportunities that encourage physical activity and healthy lifestyles, and research has recently begun to explore the demographic, social, and environmental factors associated with park-based activity levels, particularly outside of urban areas. This study used a mixed methods approach to investigate physical activity levels and correlates among demographically diverse state park visitors in Georgia. Data were collected during summer 2010 via onsite intercept surveys (n = 1,073) and structured observations of visitor behavior (n = 9,453 individuals observed). Analyses revealed substantial levels of activity during park visits and highlighted links between socially oriented recreation participation and park-based physical activity, particularly for Latinos and African Americans. Results could provide park managers with insightful information for promoting and sustaining park-based physical activity across diverse communities.}, number={5}, journal={Journal of Leisure Research}, publisher={Informa UK Limited}, author={Larson, Lincoln and Whiting, Jason W. and Green, Gary T. and Bowker, J. M.}, year={2014}, month={Nov}, pages={540–562} }
 @article{larson_whiting_green_bowker_2014, title={Physical activity locations in Georgia: Frequency of use by socio-demographic group}, volume={5-6}, ISSN={2213-0780}, url={http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jort.2013.11.001}, DOI={10.1016/j.jort.2013.11.001}, abstractNote={Active outdoor recreation helps to mitigate health consequences associated with sedentary behavior. Enhanced understanding of socio-demographic differences in physical activity (PA) location preferences could therefore contribute to health promotion. This study examined frequency of use for various PA locations in Georgia, a state with historically high levels of physical inactivity and obesity. Data were collected via intercept surveys of visitors to state parks (n=761) and flea markets near the parks (n=234). According to these self-reports, homes and backyards were used most frequently for PA followed by neighborhood settings. State parks and gyms or recreation centers were used less frequently than other recreation settings. Latinos relied more on parks and less on homes/backyards for PA than others groups. African Americans and Asians used gyms or recreation centers more often than other groups. Development of built environments that promote active living should account for PA location choices across diverse communities. Physical activity is widely recognized as key element of health promotion, yet data depicting frequency of use for PA locations and variations among demographic groups is limited. By examining the frequency of use for various PA locations across a diverse population in north Georgia, this study revealed several patterns that have implications for recreation management: Localized outdoor settings (e.g., homes/backyards, neighborhoods) are used more often for PA than other recreation locations (i.e., parks). Females use neighborhood settings more often for PA than males. Latinos and African Americans use parks more often for PA than Whites. African Americans, Asians and high income individuals use gyms and recreation centers more often for PA than other groups. Efforts to promote PA via outdoor recreation should consider multiple aspects of the built environment and account for a range of diverse preferences that influence site use patterns across different demographic groups.}, journal={Journal of Outdoor Recreation and Tourism}, publisher={Elsevier BV}, author={Larson, Lincoln R. and Whiting, Jason W. and Green, Gary T. and Bowker, J.M.}, year={2014}, month={Apr}, pages={68–72} }
 @article{larson_whiting_green_bowker_2014, title={Physical activity of youth in non-urban parks: an observation-based assessment}, volume={38}, ISSN={1492-7713 2151-2221}, url={http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/14927713.2015.1042212}, DOI={10.1080/14927713.2015.1042212}, abstractNote={Public parks play an important role in healthy, active living, but the extent to which parks influence the physical activity (PA) of diverse youth outside of urban areas has not been adequately explored. This study used systematic behavioural observations to examine demographic factors and environmental attributes associated with youth PA in non-urban state parks of Georgia, USA. Young park visitors (n = 9072) were observed in two zones: lakefront and trail/multi-use areas. A majority of youth (67.3%) were observed in a state of either moderate or vigorous physical activity. Demographic variables were associated with PA levels in each zone. In lakefront zones, males, younger children and African Americans were most likely to be active. Activity levels at trails and multi-use areas were highest for white youth and lowest for Latinos. As racial and ethnic diversity increases, efforts to encourage youth PA in park settings should account for distinct recreation preferences among different cultural groups.}, number={3-4}, journal={Leisure/Loisir}, publisher={Informa UK Limited}, author={Larson, Lincoln R. and Whiting, Jason W. and Green, Gary T. and Bowker, J.M.}, year={2014}, month={Oct}, pages={225–232} }
 @article{flowers_carroll_green_larson_2014, title={Using art to assess environmental education outcomes}, volume={21}, ISSN={1350-4622 1469-5871}, url={http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/13504622.2014.959473}, DOI={10.1080/13504622.2014.959473}, abstractNote={Construction of developmentally appropriate tools for assessing the environmental attitudes and awareness of young learners has proven to be challenging. Art-based assessments that encourage creativity and accommodate different modes of expression may be a particularly useful complement to conventional tools (e.g. surveys), but their efficacy and feasibility across diverse contexts has not been adequately explored. To examine the potential utility of integrating art into evaluations of environmental education outcomes, we adapted an existing drawing prompt and corresponding grading rubric to assess the environmental attitudes and awareness of children (ages 6–12) at summer camps in Athens, GA, USA (n = 285). We then compared children’s drawings with scores on a more typical survey instrument that measured similar outcomes, the Children Environmental Perception’s Scale. Results showed that a drawing prompt was a practical and unique learner-centered tool for measuring distinct components of environmental attitudes and awareness. Findings also revealed different response patterns across the two instruments, highlighting the value of using multiple approaches (e.g. art-based and survey-based) to assess cognitive and affective aspects of children’s environmental orientations.}, number={6}, journal={Environmental Education Research}, publisher={Informa UK Limited}, author={Flowers, Ami A. and Carroll, John P. and Green, Gary T. and Larson, Lincoln R.}, year={2014}, month={Sep}, pages={846–864} }
 @article{cloutier_larson_jambeck_2013, title={Are sustainable cities “happy” cities? Associations between sustainable development and human well-being in urban areas of the United States}, volume={16}, ISSN={1387-585X 1573-2975}, url={http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10668-013-9499-0}, DOI={10.1007/s10668-013-9499-0}, number={3}, journal={Environment, Development and Sustainability}, publisher={Springer Science and Business Media LLC}, author={Cloutier, Scott and Larson, Lincoln and Jambeck, Jenna}, year={2013}, month={Nov}, pages={633–647} }
 @article{larson_lovelace_2013, title={Evaluating the efficacy of questioning strategies in lecture-based classroom environments: Are we asking the right questions?}, volume={24}, number={1}, journal={Journal on Excellence in College Teaching}, author={Larson, L.R. and Lovelace, M.D.}, year={2013}, pages={105–122} }
 @article{larson_whiting_green_2013, title={Young People's Outdoor Recreation and State Park Use: Perceived Benefits from the Parent/Guardian Perspective}, volume={23}, ISSN={1546-2250}, url={http://dx.doi.org/10.7721/chilyoutenvi.23.3.0089}, DOI={10.7721/chilyoutenvi.23.3.0089}, abstractNote={Abstract:This study examined adult (i.e., parent or guardian) reported metrics of young people's (age 0 to 17 years) outdoor recreation participation, state park use, and recreation-related benefits across a demographically diverse population in north Georgia. Methods included on-site (n 1,039) and off-site (n 279) intercept survey sampling in state parks and flea markets near the parks. Results revealed most guardians were aware of youth recreation benefits and particularly valued communal recreation experiences such as interactions with family and friends in outdoor environments. State parks were particularly popular locations for socially oriented recreation, especially for Latino families. Results suggest that understanding of young people's recreation and park use patterns could be enhanced through closer examination of adult perceptions regarding children and youths' time outdoors.}, number={3}, journal={Children, Youth and Environments}, publisher={Children, Youth and Environments Center}, author={Larson, Lincoln R. and Whiting, Jason W. and Green, Gary T.}, year={2013}, pages={89} }
 @article{sharp_larson_green_tomek_2012, title={Comparing Interpretive Methods Targeting Invasive Species Management at Cumberland Island National Seashore}, volume={17}, ISSN={1092-5872 2692-9376}, url={http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/109258721201700203}, DOI={10.1177/109258721201700203}, abstractNote={Interpretation designed to increase public understanding and appreciation of environmental issues can provide support for management actions in protected areas, but the relative impact of different interpretive strategies on public awareness and attitudes has not been adequately explored. The purpose of this research was to compare the effects of two interpretive programs (a non-personal, visual-based flyer and an interpersonal, audio-based talk) relative to a control group on visitors’ knowledge of, attitudes toward, and support for invasive species management at Cumberland Island National Seashore, Georgia. In general, the interpretive talk appeared to be more effective than the flyer at increasing awareness and generating support for invasive species management. Although visitors exposed to each of the treatments displayed greater knowledge of invasive species, effects on attitudes and management preferences were minimal. Future research examining the effects of interpretive media on public awareness of and support for controversial management decisions could therefore explore mechanisms for maximizing the impact of interpretive programming on visitors’ attitudes and preferences.}, number={2}, journal={Journal of Interpretation Research}, publisher={SAGE Publications}, author={Sharp, Ryan L. and Larson, Lincoln R. and Green, Gary T. and Tomek, Sara}, year={2012}, month={Nov}, pages={23–40} }
 @article{larson_poudyal_2012, title={Developing sustainable tourism through adaptive resource management: a case study of Machu Picchu, Peru}, volume={20}, ISSN={0966-9582 1747-7646}, url={http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/09669582.2012.667217}, DOI={10.1080/09669582.2012.667217}, abstractNote={Machu Picchu, Peru, is recognized as a top international travel destination. Pressure from the approximately 900,000 tourists who annually visit the ancient Inca city threatens the ecological integrity, physical substance and cultural authenticity of the World Heritage Site and surrounding area, including the Inca Trail. Multiple organizations and agencies currently involved in the management of Machu Picchu have distinct agendas for the conservation and development of the city, and conflicts regarding public access, economic growth and cultural preservation are rampant. Attempts to establish carrying capacities have failed, with proposed daily visitor levels ranging from 800 to 4000. This paper explores the complex issues surrounding tourism at Machu Picchu and presents a potential solution: an adaptive management approach based on the UN World Tourism Organization's (UNWTO) sustainable tourism framework. This integrative strategy accounts for multiple perspectives and synthesizes disparate goals embraced by diverse stakeholders, including the Peruvian government, international conservation organizations, foreign tourists, private tour operators, regional authorities and indigenous communities. The focus on Machu Picchu as an adaptive management case study site outlines key steps leading to implementation, offering planning and policy implications for sustainability initiatives at numerous developing-world tourism destinations facing similar political and socio-economic challenges.}, number={7}, journal={Journal of Sustainable Tourism}, publisher={Informa UK Limited}, author={Larson, Lincoln R. and Poudyal, Neelam C.}, year={2012}, month={Sep}, pages={917–938} }
 @article{small_larson_green_shenk_2012, title={Effects of an environmental educator training workshop on environmental knowledge, awareness, and teaching self-efficacy}, volume={10}, number={1}, journal={Illuminare}, author={Small, R.M. and Larson, L.R. and Green, G.T. and Shenk, A.}, year={2012}, pages={30–43} }
 @article{whiting_larson_green_2012, title={Monitoring visitation in Georgia state parks using the System for Observing Play and Recreation in Communities (SOPARC)}, volume={30}, number={4}, journal={Journal of Park and Recreation Administration}, author={Whiting, J.W. and Larson, L.R. and Green, G.T.}, year={2012}, pages={21–37} }
 @article{hurt_moss_bradley_larson_lovelace_prevost_riley_domizi_camus_2012, title={The ‘Facebook' Effect: College Students' Perceptions of Online Discussions in the Age of Social Networking}, volume={6}, ISSN={1931-4744}, url={http://dx.doi.org/10.20429/ijsotl.2012.060210}, DOI={10.20429/ijsotl.2012.060210}, abstractNote={Despite the growing prominence of Facebook in the lives of college students, few studies have investigated the potential of these innovative web-based communication tools for engaging students in academic discussions. This study used a pre-test, post-test design in two introductory-level courses at a large public university to compare students’ (n = 107) perceptions of, attitudes toward, and perceived learning associated with two different online discussion tools: the Facebook group forum and a university-sponsored online tool. Although pre-course surveys indicated that few students enjoyed online discussions, postcourse analysis revealed significant changes in students’ opinions regarding the value and functionality of web-based discussion forums, with Facebook as their clear preference. Students who participated in Facebook discussions enjoyed the site’s familiarity, navigability, and aesthetically appealing interface. Facebook users also reported that they were able to become better acquainted with classmates, felt like valued participants in the course, and learned more course material. This study suggests that, if used appropriately, Facebook may help to increase college student engagement in certain learning contexts by cultivating classroom community and stimulating intellectual discourse.}, number={2}, journal={International Journal for the Scholarship of Teaching and Learning}, publisher={Georgia Southern University}, author={Hurt, Nicole E. and Moss, Gregory and Bradley, Christen and Larson, Lincoln and Lovelace, Matthew and Prevost, Luanna and Riley, Nancy and Domizi, Denise and Camus, Melinda}, year={2012}, month={Jul} }
 @article{larson_green_cordell_2011, title={Children’s time outdoors: Results and implications of the National Kids Survey}, volume={29}, number={2}, journal={Journal of Park and Recreation Administration}, author={Larson, L.R. and Green, G.T. and Cordell, H.K.}, year={2011}, pages={1–20} }
 @article{larson_whiting_green_2011, title={Exploring the influence of outdoor recreation participation on pro-environmental behaviour in a demographically diverse population}, volume={16}, ISSN={1354-9839 1469-6711}, url={http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/13549839.2010.548373}, DOI={10.1080/13549839.2010.548373}, abstractNote={This study used structural equation modelling to examine the effects of socio-demographic variables and outdoor recreation participation on pro-environmental behaviour (PEB) among an ethnically diverse population of adult state-park visitors near Atlanta, Georgia, USA (N = 319). Data collected through intercept surveys at three state parks were used to examine interactions among potential predictors of PEB, including socio-demographics (ethnicity, gender, education, and income), outdoor recreation participation (during childhood and adulthood), and environmental value orientations (biocentric and anthropocentric). The best fitting model accounted for 40% of the variance in self-reported PEB and indicated the strongest positive relationship between adult outdoor recreation participation and PEB (β = 0.54, t = 5.70). Biocentric and anthropocentric value orientation scores were also significant antecedents of PEB (β = 0.17, t = 1.99, and β = 0.19, t = 2.56, respectively), and both were influenced by socio-demographic variables. Overall, results suggest that a diverse public's environmental ethos and propensity to engage in PEBs could be influenced by outdoor recreation opportunities.}, number={1}, journal={Local Environment}, publisher={Informa UK Limited}, author={Larson, Lincoln R. and Whiting, Jason W. and Green, Gary T.}, year={2011}, month={Jan}, pages={67–86} }
 @article{sharp_larson_green_2011, title={Factors influencing public preferences for invasive alien species management}, volume={144}, ISSN={0006-3207}, url={http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.biocon.2011.04.032}, DOI={10.1016/j.biocon.2011.04.032}, abstractNote={Invasive species research has traditionally focused on the ecological aspects of invasions and their threats to biodiversity. Few studies have incorporated social dimensions of invasive alien species (IAS) management. In this study, we surveyed visitors (N = 1166) to Cumberland Island National Seashore, GA, USA, to measure their knowledge of, attitudes toward, and preferences for various IAS management options. Multinomial logistic regression, two-step cluster analysis, and the Potential for Conflict Index were used to determine factors that predict support for IAS control, identify subgroups of visitors with unique management preferences, and evaluate the level of consensus among these distinct groups. Results showed that, although knowledge and perceived threat scores were related to management preferences, environmental attitude orientations were the best indicators of support for IAS control. Absolute ecocentric visitors (typically younger, less educated individuals with less experience in parks) believed that all living things have a right to coexist without disruption and favored a hands-off management approach. Adaptive ecocentric visitors (typically older, more educated individuals with more experience in parks) believed that some degree of human interference is necessary to maintain ecosystem integrity and favored hands-on management. Despite these different perspectives, adaptive on-site control of invasive species was viewed as the most acceptable and least controversial management option across all visitor subgroups. This study may inform IAS management practices by providing a framework for identifying stakeholder characteristics and synthesizing public preferences to minimize conflict and highlight ecologically beneficial and socially acceptable outcomes.}, number={8}, journal={Biological Conservation}, publisher={Elsevier BV}, author={Sharp, Ryan L. and Larson, Lincoln R. and Green, Gary T.}, year={2011}, month={Aug}, pages={2097–2104} }
 @article{whiting_pawelko_green_larson_2011, title={Whitewater kayaking: A social world investigation}, volume={9}, number={1}, journal={Illuminare}, author={Whiting, J.W. and Pawelko, K.A. and Green, G.T. and Larson, L.R.}, year={2011}, pages={1–15} }
 @article{larson_castleberry_green_2010, title={Effects of an environmental education program on the environmental orientations of children from different gender, age, and ethnic groups}, volume={28}, number={3}, journal={Journal of Park and Recreation Administration}, author={Larson, L.R. and Castleberry, S.B. and Green, G.T.}, year={2010}, pages={95–113} }
 @article{larson_green_castleberry_2009, title={Construction and Validation of an Instrument to Measure Environmental Orientations in a Diverse Group of Children}, volume={43}, ISSN={0013-9165 1552-390X}, url={http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0013916509345212}, DOI={10.1177/0013916509345212}, abstractNote={An understanding of children’s environmental orientations is of critical importance as opportunities for authentic contact with nature diminish. Current instruments for measuring children’s environmental attitudes are complex, and few have been tested across diverse audiences. This study employed a mixed-methods approach that included pilot tests, final survey implementation, and interviews to create a survey instrument for assessing the environmental attitudes and awareness of children ( N = 254) from different age (6- to 13-yearolds) and ethnic groups (African American, Hispanic, and White). Reliability and validity analyses indicated the scale was a psychometrically sound method for accurately and efficiently measuring children’s perceptions of nature across a demographic range. Eco-affinity and eco-awareness emerged as two distinct components of environmental orientations. This new evaluation tool may help educators and researchers examine the ways children perceive the natural world. It may also help to identify cognitive and affective aspects of existing environmental education programs that need improvement.}, number={1}, journal={Environment and Behavior}, publisher={SAGE Publications}, author={Larson, Lincoln R. and Green, Gary T. and Castleberry, Steven B.}, year={2009}, month={Oct}, pages={72–89} }