@misc{lucas_mudge_1997, title={Fungicidal compositions for the enhancement of turf quality}, volume={5,643,852}, number={1997 July 1}, publisher={Washington, DC: U.S. Patent and Trademark Office}, author={Lucas, L. T. and Mudge, L. C.}, year={1997} }
 @misc{lucas_1997, title={Fungicidal compositions for the treatment of crown and root rot in turfgrass}, volume={5,665,672}, number={1997 Sept. 9}, publisher={Washington, DC: U.S. Patent and Trademark Office}, author={Lucas, L. T.}, year={1997} }
 @misc{lucas_1994, title={Method for enhancing turf quality of bent grass}, volume={5,336,661}, number={1994 Aug. 9}, publisher={Washington, DC: U.S. Patent and Trademark Office}, author={Lucas, L. T.}, year={1994} }
 @article{lucas_newnam_1988, title={Evaluation of nematicides for control of sting nematode in bermudagrass, 1987}, volume={43}, journal={Fungicide and Nematicide Tests}, author={Lucas, L. T. and Newnam, M. R.}, year={1988}, pages={164} }
 @article{lucas_1980, title={Control of spring dead spot of Bermudagrass with fungicides in North Carolina}, volume={64}, DOI={10.1094/pd-64-868}, abstractNote={LUCAS, L. T. 1980. Control of spring dead spot of bermudagrass with fungicides in North Carolina. Plant Disease 64:868-870. Spring dead spot (SDS) of bermudagrass was controlled with five monthly applications of benomyl, PCNB, or a combination of fungicides during July-November in 1973 and 1974. Applications of chloroneb, nabam, maneb, or carboxin did not control the disease. The severity of SDS increased in plots without fungicides that received extra nitragen in August and September. SDS was controlled in the spring of 1976 and 1977 with three monthly applications of benomyl at 145 g a.i./93 m 2 in the fall (October, November, and December) and with single applications in October or November of 1975. Spring dead spot (SDS) of bermudagrass (Cynodon dactylon (L.) Pers.) was first described in Oklahoma in 1960 (2,11). The disease occurs in the northern range of adaptation of bermudagrass across the southern United States where winter weather is cold enough for periods of winter dormancy to develop (10). Symptoms of SDS are circular dead areas 0.2-1 m in diameter that appear in the spring as bermudagrass resumes growth from dormancy. The dead spots often appear in the same places and may enlarge for several years (11; unpublished). Bermudagrass slowly grows over the spots during the summer, which suggests the presence of a pathogen or toxin in the soil (3,11). Several fungi have been isolated from bermudagrass in affected areas (4,7,10), but attempts to reproduce typical symptoms of the disease by inoculation with these fungi have failed in the United States. Smith (7) isolated Ophiobolus herpotrichus (Fr.) Sacc. from SDSaffected bermudagrass in New South Wales, Australia, and demonstrated that this fungus could cause root and stolon rot in the greenhouse. Later Leptosphaeria narmari (Walker and Smith) was described and shown to cause root rot and spring dead spot-like symptoms in inoculated turf (8). The disease cannot be identified as the same disease in the United States and Australia until a causal agent is identified in the United States. Some fungicides have been evaluated for the control of SDS in the United States and Australia. Nabam applied four times at monthly intervals beginning 6 wk Journal Series Paper 6292 of the North Carolina Agricultural Research Service, Raleigh. The use of trade names does not imply endorsement by the North Carolina Agricultural Research Service of the products named nor criticism of similar ones not mentioned. 0191-2917/80/09086803/$03.00/0 01980 American Phytopathological Society 868 Plant DiseaseNol. 64 No. 9 before the first killing frost in the fall was reported to control SDS in Missouri (3). Smith (9) reported control of SDS in Australia with nabam or thiram applied every 4 wk from the last month of summer until early spring. Many fungicides tested at rates recommended for control of other turf diseases were not effective in Georgia (3). Several fungicides with activity against certain types of fungi were evaluated at different rates and times of the year for the control of SDS in the research reported here. Preliminary results have been reported (5). MATERIALS AND METHODS Experiments were conducted on 4to 6-yr-old 'Tifton 419' bermudagrass on golf course fairways near Goldsboro and Raleigh, NC, where SDS had been severe in the spring. Treatments were replicated four times in a randomized complete block design with 3.05 X 3.05 m plots in all experiments. Fungicides were applied (rates and times are indicated in the tables) as a drench in 3.8 L of water per 9.3 m' except when otherwise indicated. The fungicides were not washed into the soil with irrigation after application. Benomyl, PCNB, chlorothalonil, chloroneb, maneb, and nabam were applied to plots near Goldsboro once a month for 5 mo beginning in July of 1973 and 1974 (Table 1). The proper amounts of fungicides were mixed in 3.8 L of water and applied evenly with a sprinkler can to 9.3 m plots. Methyl bromide was applied in one treatment at 454 g/9.3 m' to undisturbed turf with SDS under a polyethylene cover to determine if the disease could be eliminated by killing the grass and sterilizing the soil. Two weeks after treatment, healthy Tifton 419 bermudagrass plugs (5.7 cm in diam) were transplanted into the methyl bromide-treated area on 0.3 m centers. Extra ammonium nitrate was applied in August and September at the rate of 454 g of N per 93 m in one treatment because the use of high rates of nitrogen fertilizer Table 1. Effect of five monthly applications of selected fungicides in 1973 and 1974 on spring dead spot (SDS) development in the spring of 1974 and 1975 at Goldsboro, North Carolina No. of SDS/plotb Turf qualityc % SDSd Treatment 13 July 16 May 2 May 16 May 2 May 2 May (g a.i./93m )a 1973 1974 1975 1974 1975 1975 Benomyl (145) 5.0 2.5* e 0* 8.8* 8.8* 0* PCNB (284) 6.3 5.3 0* 7.0* 7.3* 0* Chlorothalonil 8.5 6.8 1.3* 4.8 6.8* 7* (210) Chloroneb (180) 7.8 7.3 3.5 3.3 5.5 15 Combination of 7.0 1.8* 0* 8.8* 8.8* 0*}, number={9}, journal={Plant Disease}, author={Lucas, L. T.}, year={1980}, pages={868} }
 @article{lucas_chamblee_campbell_1974, title={Ladino clover mystery studied}, volume={32}, number={3}, journal={Research and Farming}, author={Lucas, L. T. and Chamblee, D. S. and Campbell, W. V.}, year={1974}, pages={8} }
 @article{lucas_blake_barker_1974, title={Nematodes associated with bentgrass and bermudagrass golf greens in North Carolina}, volume={58}, number={9}, journal={Plant Disease Reporter}, author={Lucas, L. T. and Blake, C. T. and Barker, K. R.}, year={1974}, pages={822} }