@article{hudgins_koch_ambrose_leung_2022, title={Hotspots of pest-induced US urban tree death, 2020-2050}, ISSN={["1365-2664"]}, DOI={10.1111/1365-2664.14141}, abstractNote={Abstract}, journal={JOURNAL OF APPLIED ECOLOGY}, author={Hudgins, Emma J. and Koch, Frank H. and Ambrose, Mark J. and Leung, Brian}, year={2022}, month={Mar} }
 @article{koch_ambrose_yemshanov_wiseman_cowett_2018, title={Modeling urban distributions of host trees for invasive forest insects in the eastern and central USA: A three-step approach using field inventory data}, volume={417}, ISSN={["1872-7042"]}, DOI={10.1016/j.foreco.2018.03.004}, abstractNote={Despite serving as invasion gateways for non-native forest pests, urban forests are less well understood than natural forests. For example, only a fraction of communities in the USA and Canada have completed urban forest inventories, and most have been limited to street trees; sample-based inventories that provide valid community-wide estimates of urban forest composition are much rarer. As a proof of concept, we devised a three-step approach to model urban tree distributions regionally using available street tree and whole-community inventory data. We illustrate the approach for three tree genera – ash (Fraxinus spp.), maple (Acer spp.), and oak (Quercus spp.) – that are hosts for high-profile insect pests. The objective of the first step was to estimate, for communities with only street tree inventories, the proportion of the community's total basal area (BA) in each host genus. Utilizing data from communities with paired street tree and whole-community inventories, we applied polynomial regression to estimate whole-community BA proportion per genus as a function of a community's street tree BA proportion and its geographic location. The objective of the second step was to estimate per-genus BA proportions for communities in our prediction region (eastern and central USA) with no urban forest inventory. We used stochastic gradient boosting to predict these proportions as a function of environmental and other variables. In the third step, we developed a generalized additive model for estimating the total BA of a community as a function of its canopy cover, geographic location, and area. We then combined the outputs from the second and third steps to estimate ash, maple, and oak BA for the nearly 24,000 communities in our prediction region. By merging these estimates with similar information on natural forests, we can provide more complete representations of host distributions for pest risk modeling, spread modeling, and other applications.}, journal={FOREST ECOLOGY AND MANAGEMENT}, author={Koch, Frank H. and Ambrose, Mark J. and Yemshanov, Denys and Wiseman, P. Eric and Cowett, F. D.}, year={2018}, month={May}, pages={222–236} }
 @article{bigsby_ambrose_tobin_sills_2014, title={The cost of gypsy moth sex in the city}, volume={13}, ISSN={["1610-8167"]}, DOI={10.1016/j.ufug.2014.05.003}, abstractNote={Since its introduction in the 1860s, gypsy moth, Lymantria dispar (L.), has periodically defoliated large swaths of forest in the eastern United States. Prior research has suggested that the greatest costs and losses from these outbreaks accrue in residential areas, but these impacts have not been well quantified. We addressed this lacuna with a case study of Baltimore City. Using two urban tree inventories, we estimated potential costs and losses from a range of gypsy moth outbreak scenarios under different environmental and management conditions. We combined outbreak scenarios with urban forest data to model defoliation and mortality and based the costs and losses on the distribution of tree species in different size classes and land uses throughout Baltimore City. In each outbreak, we estimated the costs of public and private suppression, tree removal and replacement, and human medical treatment, as well as the losses associated with reduced pollution uptake, increased carbon emissions and foregone sequestration. Of the approximately 2.3 M trees in Baltimore City, a majority of the basal area was primary or secondary host for gypsy moth. Under the low outbreak scenario, with federal and state suppression efforts, total costs and losses were $5.540 M, much less than the $63.666 M estimated for the high outbreak scenario, in which the local public and private sectors were responsible for substantially greater tree removal and replacement costs. The framework that we created can be used to estimate the impacts of other non-native pests in urban environments.}, number={3}, journal={URBAN FORESTRY & URBAN GREENING}, author={Bigsby, Kevin M. and Ambrose, Mark J. and Tobin, Patrick C. and Sills, Erin O.}, year={2014}, pages={459–468} }
 @article{coulston_ambrose_riiters_conkling_2005, title={Forest health monitoring: 2002 National Technical Report}, journal={Forest health monitoring : 2002 national technical report}, publisher={Asheville, NC : U.S. Dept. of Agriculture, Forest Service, Southern Research Station}, author={Coulston, J. and Ambrose, M. J. and Riiters, K. H. and Conkling, B. L.}, year={2005} }
 @article{coulston_ambrose_riiters_conkling_smith_2005, title={Forest health monitoring: 2003 National Technical Report}, journal={Forest health monitoring : 2003 national technical report}, publisher={Asheville, NC : U.S. Dept. of Agriculture, Forest Service, Southern Research Station}, author={Coulston, J. W. and Ambrose, M. J. and Riiters, K. H. and Conkling, B. L. and Smith, W. D.}, year={2005} }