@article{salam_lucia_jameel_2015, title={A New Class of Biobased Paper Dry Strength Agents: Synthesis and Characterization of Soy-Based Polymers}, volume={3}, ISSN={["2168-0485"]}, DOI={10.1021/sc500764m}, abstractNote={The goal of the current effort was to develop a new soy-based (soy flour) derivative to impart high fiber–fiber strength improvements to two-dimensional paper sheets. The success of the research hinged on successful proliferation of carboxylic and/or amine functionalities onto the polymeric backbone of the soy flour to significantly contribute to improved interfiber bonding of the paper–fiber sheets. Diethylenetriaminepentaacetic acid (DTPA) was reacted with soy flour in the presence of sodium hypophosphite and complexed with chitosan for the development of a new class of dry strength agents to improve integration into pulp fibers and thus increase interfiber bonding. The synthetic conditions including surface modifier concentration, time, temperature, pH, and material-to-liquor ratio were optimized. The paper materials incorporating the DTPA cross-linked (modified) soy flour agent demonstrated unprecedented tensile strength increases. A 1% soy protein flour–DTPA–-chitosan agent by mass of pulp-based slur...}, number={3}, journal={ACS SUSTAINABLE CHEMISTRY & ENGINEERING}, author={Salam, Abdus and Lucia, Lucian A. and Jameel, Hasan}, year={2015}, month={Mar}, pages={524–532} }
 @inproceedings{salam_jameel_liu_lucia_2014, title={Novel class of soy flour biobased functional additives for dry strength enhancements in recovered and virgin pulp fiber networks}, volume={1178}, DOI={10.1021/bk-2014-1178.ch011}, abstractNote={The domain of paper/pulp fiber dry strength has witnessed a paucity of research efforts over the last decade. Soy flour as a potential new comer to the field is a modestly priced, yet complex glycoprotein-based biomacromolecule compared to a number of other paper dry strength biomacromolecules such as cationized starch, carboxymethyl cellulose (CMC), and guar gum. Nevertheless, and perhaps more importantly, it possesses a relatively rich hydrogen-bonding surface functional density, but high susceptibility to bacterial digestion due to its (mainly) protein-based composition. Unfortunately, within the construct of any commercial paper-based applications, the results of the digestion are a characteristically unpleasant odor, machine fouling, and potential paper strength losses, vital issues to consider for its potential application as a dry strength additive. The installation of carboxylic and amine groups onto the surface of soy flour for addressing the latter issues offers an attractive solution. In the present chapter, paper dry strength data after the application of soy flour modified with diethylenetriaminetetracaetic acid (DTPA) and further crosslinked with chitosan are presented. The synthesis conditions, reactant concentration, time, temperature and pH were evaluated with the objective of mechanical property optimization in the final paper-based sheet. The tensile indices of modified soy flour additive-treated recycled OCC pulp sheets, NSSC (virgin) pulp sheets, and kraft (virgin) pulp sheets increased by 52%, 53%, and 58%, respectively, while the inter-fiber bonding strength increased 2.5-3.0 times. The modified soy flour additive-treated pulp sheets had significantly increased water repellency, gloss, and reduced roughness. Finally, decomposition of both modified and unmodified soy flour additives was studied under open-air conditions. The unmodified soy flour additive decomposed rapidly (within 24 hours) as indicated by its characteristically foul odor, an observation that did not hold for the modified soy flour additive that kept intact despite nearly two years of open-air exposure. The chemical and physical properties of the modified soy flour and modified soy flour additive-treated pulp sheets were characterized by FTIR, TGA, DSC, and contact angle measurements.}, booktitle={Soy-based chemicals and materials}, author={Salam, A. and Jameel, H. and Liu, Y. and Lucia, Lucian}, year={2014}, pages={255–264} }
 @article{salam_pawlak_venditti_el-tahlawy_2010, title={Synthesis and Characterization of Starch Citrate−Chitosan Foam with Superior Water and Saline Absorbance Properties}, volume={11}, ISSN={1525-7797 1526-4602}, url={http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/bm1000235}, DOI={10.1021/bm1000235}, abstractNote={The objective of this research was to synthesize and characterize high-value foam gel materials with unique absorptive and mechanical properties from starch citrate-chitosan. The effects of starch citrate concentration, pH, solid to liquid ratio, reaction time, and temperature on absorbency, weight loss in water, and strength were determined. The cross-linked starch citrate-chitosan foam is flexible and elastic and has significantly increased absorbance and strength and decreased weight loss in water compared to starch-chitosan foam. A unique characteristic of the starch citrate-chitosan foam is that it absorbs more saline solution than pure water, which is the opposite of current commercial super absorbents. An increased strength, increased degradation temperature, increased storage modulus, and decreased weight loss in water for starch citrate-chitosan relative to starch-chitosan are in agreement with amide bonds formed between the carboxyl group of starch citrate and the amino group of chitosan.}, number={6}, journal={Biomacromolecules}, publisher={American Chemical Society (ACS)}, author={Salam, Abdus and Pawlak, Joel J. and Venditti, Richard A. and El-tahlawy, Khaled}, year={2010}, month={May}, pages={1453–1459} }