@article{aworh_thakur_gensler_harrell_harden_fedorka-cray_jacob_2024, title={Characteristics of antimicrobial resistance in <i>Escherichia coli</i> isolated from retail meat products in North Carolina}, volume={19}, ISSN={["1932-6203"]}, DOI={10.1371/journal.pone.0294099}, abstractNote={Background Escherichia coli is commonly used as an indicator for antimicrobial resistance (AMR) in food, animal, environment, and human surveillance systems. Our study aimed to characterize AMR in E. coli isolated from retail meat purchased from grocery stores in North Carolina, USA as part of the National Antimicrobial Resistance Monitoring System (NARMS). Methods Retail chicken (breast, n=96; giblets, n=24), turkey (n=96), and pork (n=96) products were purchased monthly from different counties in North Carolina during 2022. Label claims on packages regarding antibiotic use were recorded at collection. E. coli was isolated from meat samples using culture-based methods and isolates were characterized for antimicrobial resistance using whole genome sequencing. Multi-locus sequence typing, phylogroups, and a single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP)-based maximum-likelihood phylogenic tree were generated. Data were analyzed statistically to determine differences between antibiotic use claims and meat type. Results Of 312 retail meat samples, 138 (44.2%) were positive for E. coli, with turkey (78/138; 56.5%) demonstrating the highest prevalence. Prevalence was lower in chicken (41/138; 29.7%) and pork (19/138;13.8%). Quality sequence data was available from 84.8% (117/138) of the E. coli isolates, which included 72 (61.5%) from turkey, 27 (23.1%) from chicken breast, and 18 (15.4%) from pork. Genes associated with AMR were detected in 77.8% (91/117) of the isolates and 35.9% (42/117) were defined as MDR (≥3 distinct classes of antimicrobials). Commonly observed AMR genes included tetB (35%), tetA (24.8%), aph(3’’)-lb (24.8%), and blaTEM-1 (20.5%), the majority of which originated from turkey isolates. Antibiotics use claims had no statistical effect on MDR E. coli isolates from the different meat types (X2=2.21, p =0.33). MDR was observed in isolates from meat products with labels indicating “no claims” (n=29; 69%), “no antibiotics ever” (n=9; 21.4%), and “organic” (n=4; 9.5%). Thirty-four different replicon types were observed. AMR genes were carried on plasmids in 17 E. coli isolates, of which 15 (88.2%) were from turkey and two (11.8%) from chicken. Known sequence types (STs) were described for 81 E. coli isolates, with ST117 (8.5%), ST297 (5.1%), and ST58 (3.4%) being the most prevalent across retail meat types. The most prevalent phylogroups were B1 (29.1%) and A (28.2%). Five clonal patterns were detected among isolates. Conclusions E. coli prevalence and the presence of AMR and MDR were highest in turkey retail meat. The lack of an association between MDR E. coli in retail meat and antibiotic use claim, including those with no indication of antimicrobial use, suggests that additional research is required to understand the origin of resistance. The presence of ST117, an emerging human pathogen, warrants further surveillance. The isolates were distinctly diverse suggesting an instability in population dynamics.}, number={1}, journal={PLOS ONE}, author={Aworh, Mabel Kamweli and Thakur, Siddhartha and Gensler, Catherine and Harrell, Erin and Harden, Lyndy and Fedorka-Cray, Paula J. and Jacob, Megan}, year={2024}, month={Jan} }
 @article{aworh_nilsson_egyir_owusu_hendriksen_2024, title={Rare serovars of non-typhoidal <i>Salmonella enterica</i> isolated from humans, beef cattle and abattoir environments in Nigeria}, volume={19}, ISSN={["1932-6203"]}, url={https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0296971}, DOI={10.1371/journal.pone.0296971}, abstractNote={Introduction Salmonella is considered one of the most significant pathogens in public health since it is a bacterium that is frequently linked to food-borne illnesses in humans. Some Salmonella serovars are responsible for outbreaks that are connected to the consumption of animal products. Cattle are connected to humans through a shared environment and the food chain as a significant source of animal protein. In Nigeria, antimicrobial medications are easily accessible for use in food-producing animals. Abattoir environments are reservoirs of foodborne bacteria like non-typhoidal Salmonella enterica (NTS), that have become resistant to antibiotics used for prophylaxis or treatment in animals. This study investigated the prevalence and resistance patterns of Salmonella enterica serovars in abattoir employees, beef cattle and abattoir environments in Abuja and Lagos, Nigeria. Methods A total of 448 samples were collected from healthy personnel, slaughtered cattle, and abattoir environments between May and December 2020. Using Kirby-Bauer disk diffusion method, the resistance profile of NTS isolates were determined. Multidrug resistance (MDR) was considered when NTS was resistant to ≥3 antimicrobial drug classes. We performed phenotypic and genotypic characterizations of all Salmonella isolates including serotyping. Descriptive statistics were used to analyze the data. Results Twenty-seven (6%) NTS isolates were obtained. Prevalence of NTS was highest in abattoir environments (15.5%; 9/58), followed by cattle (4.8%;13/272) and abattoir employees (4.2%; 5/118). A high prevalence of resistance was observed for gentamicin (85.2%; 23/27) and tetracycline (77.8%; 21/27). Whole-genome sequencing of 22 NTS showed dissemination of aac(6’)-laa (22/22), qnrB19 (1/22), fosA7 (1/22), and tetA (1/22) genes. Serovar diversity of NTS varied with source. S. Anatum, a rare serovar predominated with a prevalence of 18.2% (4/22). Chromosomal point mutations showed ParC T57S substitution in 22 NTS analyzed. Among 22 NTS, 131 mobile genetic elements (MGEs) were detected including insertion sequences (56.5%) and miniature inverted repeats (43.5%). Two integrating MGEs IS6 and IS21 were observed to carry the tetA gene + Incl-1 on the same contig in NTS originating from cattle. Rare serovars namely S. Abony and S. Stormont with MDR phenotypes recovered from cattle and abattoir environments were closely related with a pairwise distance of ≤5 SNPs. Conclusions First report of rare serovars in Nigeria with MDR phenotypes in humans, cattle, and abattoir environments. This study demonstrates the spread of resistance in the abattoir environment possibly by MGEs and emphasizes the importance of genomic surveillance. Beef cattle may be a risk to public health because they spread a variety of rare Salmonella serovars. Therefore, encouraging hand hygiene among abattoir employees while processing beef cattle will further reduce NTS colonization in this population. This requires a One Health collaborative effort among various stakeholders in human health, animal health, and environmental health.}, number={1}, journal={PLOS ONE}, author={Aworh, Mabel Kamweli and Nilsson, Pernille and Egyir, Beverly and Owusu, Felicia Amoa and Hendriksen, Rene S.}, editor={Trueba, GabrielEditor}, year={2024}, month={Jan} }
 @article{founou_yamba_kouamou_yeboah_saidy_jawara_bah_ba_aworh_darboe_2023, title={African women in science and development, bridging the gender gap}, volume={31}, url={http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.wdp.2023.100528}, DOI={10.1016/j.wdp.2023.100528}, abstractNote={Science and technology play a fundamental role in driving social progress and economic growth in today’s rapidly evolving world. Yet, despite considerable advancements, the gender gap in science remains a harsh reality, particularly for African women. This inequality directly impedes their invaluable perspectives and contributions to scientific advancements and innovations. Africa’s development requires significant investment in science, technology, engineering, and mathematics (STEM) fields and leadership. This opinion piece delves into the gender disparity prevailing in STEM, emphasizes the challenges that African women experience, highlights the immense potential that African women possess, and finally advocates for immediate efforts to bridge this gap.}, journal={World Development Perspectives}, publisher={Elsevier BV}, author={Founou, Luria Leslie and Yamba, Kaunda and Kouamou, Vinie and Yeboah, Esther Eyram Asare and Saidy, Binta and Jawara, Lalia A. and Bah, Haddy and Ba, Bissoume Sambe and Aworh, Mabel Kamweli and DARBOE, SAFFIATOU}, year={2023}, month={Sep}, pages={100528} }
 @article{fagbamila_ramon_lettini_muhammad_longo_antonello_aworh_kwaga_abdu_umoh_et al._2023, title={Assessing the mechanisms of multi-drug resistant non-typhoidal <i>Salmonella</i> (NTS) serovars isolated from layer chicken farms in Nigeria}, volume={18}, ISSN={["1932-6203"]}, url={https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0290754}, DOI={10.1371/journal.pone.0290754}, abstractNote={Background In Nigeria, there have been reports of widespread multiple antimicrobial resistance (AMR) amongst Salmonella isolated from poultry. To mitigate the impact of mortality associated with Salmonella on their farms, farmers resort to the use of antimicrobials without sound diagnostic advice. We conducted this study to describe the AMR patterns, mechanisms and genetic similarities within some Salmonella serovars isolated from different layer farms. Method We determine the AMR profiles of two hundred Salmonella isolates, selected based on frequency, serovar, and geographical and sample type distribution. We also assessed the mechanisms of multi-drug resistance for specific genetic determinants by using PCR protocols and gene sequence analysis. Pulsed-field gel electrophoresis (PFGE) was conducted on seven selected serovars to determine their genetic relatedness. Results Of 200 isolates, 97 (48.5%) revealed various AMR profiles, with the multiple antibiotic resistance (MAR) index ranging from 0.07–0.5. Resistance to ciprofloxacin was common in all the multi-drug resistant isolates, while all the isolates were susceptible to cefotaxime, ceftazidime, and meropenem. Genotypic characterization showed the presence of resistance genes as well as mutations in the nucleotide genes with subsequent amino acid substitutions. Fifteen isolates (43%) of S. Kentucky were indistinguishable, but were isolated from four different states in Nigeria (Ogun, n = 9; Kaduna, n = 6; Plateau, n = 3, and: Bauchi, n = 2). PFGE revealed 40 pulsotype patterns (Kentucky, n = 12; Larochelle, n = 9; Virchow, n = 5; Saintpaul, n = 4; Poona, n = 3; Isangi, n = 2, and; Nigeria, n = 2). Conclusion This study recorded strictly related but diversely distributed Salmonella serovars with high AMR rates in poultry. We recommend strict regulation on antimicrobial use and regular monitoring of AMR trends among bacteria isolated from animals and humans to inform public policy.}, number={9}, journal={PLOS ONE}, publisher={Public Library of Science (PLoS)}, author={Fagbamila, Idowu Oluwabunmi and Ramon, Elena and Lettini, Antonia A. and Muhammad, Maryam and Longo, Alessandra and Antonello, Keti and Aworh, Mabel K. and Kwaga, Jacob K. P. and Abdu, Paul A. and Umoh, Jarleth U. and et al.}, editor={Jomehzadeh, NabiEditor}, year={2023}, month={Sep} }
 @article{fagbamila_abdulkarim_aworh_uba_balogun_nguku_gandi_abdullahi_okolocha_kwaga_et al._2023, title={Cholera outbreak in some communities in North-East Nigeria, 2019: an unmatched case–control study}, volume={23}, ISSN={1471-2458}, url={http://dx.doi.org/10.1186/s12889-023-15332-4}, DOI={10.1186/s12889-023-15332-4}, abstractNote={Cholera, a diarrheal disease caused by the bacterium Vibrio cholerae, transmitted through fecal contamination of water or food remains an ever-present risk in many countries, especially where water supply, sanitation, food safety, and hygiene are inadequate. A cholera outbreak was reported in Bauchi State, North-eastern Nigeria. We investigated the outbreak to determine the extent and assess risk factors associated with the outbreak.We conducted a descriptive analysis of suspected cholera cases to determine the fatality rate (CFR), attack rate (AR), and trends/patterns of the outbreak. We also conducted a 1:2 unmatched case-control study to assess risk factors amongst 110 confirmed cases and 220 uninfected individuals (controls). We defined a suspected case as any person > 5 years with acute watery diarrhea with/without vomiting; a confirmed case as any suspected case in which there was laboratory isolation of Vibrio cholerae O1 or O139 from the stool while control was any uninfected individual with close contact (same household) with a confirmed case. Children under 5 were not included in the case definition however, samples from this age group were collected where such symptoms had occurred and line-listed separately. Data were collected with an interviewer-administered questionnaire and analyzed using Epi-info and Microsoft excel for frequencies, proportions, bivariate and multivariate analysis at a 95% confidence interval.A total of 9725 cases were line-listed with a CFR of 0.3% in the state. Dass LGA had the highest CFR (14.3%) while Bauchi LGA recorded the highest AR of 1,830 cases per 100,000 persons. Factors significantly associated with cholera infection were attending social gatherings (aOR = 2.04, 95% CI = 1.16-3.59) and drinking unsafe water (aOR = 1.74, 95% CI = 1.07-2.83).Attending social gatherings and drinking unsafe water were risk factors for cholera infection. Public health actions included chlorination of wells and distribution of water guard (1% chlorine solution) bottles to households and public education on cholera prevention. We recommend the provision of safe drinking water by the government as well as improved sanitary and hygienic conditions for citizens of the state.}, number={1}, journal={BMC Public Health}, publisher={Springer Science and Business Media LLC}, author={Fagbamila, Idowu O. and Abdulkarim, Muhammad A. and Aworh, Mabel K. and Uba, Belinda and Balogun, Muhammad S. and Nguku, Patrick and Gandi, Ajibji Y. and Abdullahi, Ibrahim and Okolocha, Emmanuel C. and Kwaga, Jacob K. P. and et al.}, year={2023}, month={Mar} }
 @article{carey_dyson_ingle_amir_aworh_chattaway_chew_crump_feasey_howden_et al._2023, title={Global diversity and antimicrobial resistance of typhoid fever pathogens: Insights from a meta-analysis of 13,000 Salmonella Typhi genomes}, volume={12}, url={http://dx.doi.org/10.7554/elife.85867}, DOI={10.7554/elife.85867}, abstractNote={Background: The Global Typhoid Genomics Consortium was established to bring together the typhoid research community to aggregate and analyse Salmonella enterica serovar Typhi (Typhi) genomic data to inform public health action. This analysis, which marks 22 years since the publication of the first Typhi genome, represents the largest Typhi genome sequence collection to date (n=13,000). Methods: This is a meta-analysis of global genotype and antimicrobial resistance (AMR) determinants extracted from previously sequenced genome data and analysed using consistent methods implemented in open analysis platforms GenoTyphi and Pathogenwatch. Results: Compared with previous global snapshots, the data highlight that genotype 4.3.1 (H58) has not spread beyond Asia and Eastern/Southern Africa; in other regions, distinct genotypes dominate and have independently evolved AMR. Data gaps remain in many parts of the world, and we show the potential of travel-associated sequences to provide informal ‘sentinel’ surveillance for such locations. The data indicate that ciprofloxacin non-susceptibility (>1 resistance determinant) is widespread across geographies and genotypes, with high-level ciprofloxacin resistance (≥3 determinants) reaching 20% prevalence in South Asia. Extensively drug-resistant (XDR) typhoid has become dominant in Pakistan (70% in 2020) but has not yet become established elsewhere. Ceftriaxone resistance has emerged in eight non-XDR genotypes, including a ciprofloxacin-resistant lineage (4.3.1.2.1) in India. Azithromycin resistance mutations were detected at low prevalence in South Asia, including in two common ciprofloxacin-resistant genotypes. Conclusions: The consortium’s aim is to encourage continued data sharing and collaboration to monitor the emergence and global spread of AMR Typhi, and to inform decision-making around the introduction of typhoid conjugate vaccines (TCVs) and other prevention and control strategies. Funding: No specific funding was awarded for this meta-analysis. Coordinators were supported by fellowships from the European Union (ZAD received funding from the European Union’s Horizon 2020 research and innovation programme under the Marie Sklodowska-Curie grant agreement No 845681), the Wellcome Trust (SB, Wellcome Trust Senior Fellowship), and the National Health and Medical Research Council (DJI is supported by an NHMRC Investigator Grant [GNT1195210]).}, journal={eLife}, publisher={eLife Sciences Publications, Ltd}, author={Carey, Megan and Dyson, Zoe Anne and Ingle, Danielle J and Amir, Afreenish and Aworh, Mabel K and Chattaway, Marie Anne and Chew, Ka Lip and Crump, John A. and Feasey, Nicholas A and Howden, Benjamin and et al.}, year={2023}, month={Sep} }
 @article{aworh_kwaga_hendriksen_okolocha_harrell_thakur_2023, title={Quinolone-resistant Escherichia coli at the interface between humans, poultry and their shared environment- a potential public health risk}, volume={5}, ISSN={2524-4655}, url={http://dx.doi.org/10.1186/s42522-023-00079-0}, DOI={10.1186/s42522-023-00079-0}, abstractNote={Commensal Escherichia coli residing in the guts of humans and animals are reservoirs of multidrug resistance (MDR) genes, including quinolone resistance genes, in humans and poultry. This study aimed to characterize quinolones resistance in E. coli recovered from poultry workers, chickens, and poultry farm/market environments in Abuja, Nigeria.This was a cross-sectional study conducted between December 2018 and April 2019 comprising poultry workers, chickens and their poultry farm/market environments. This study characterized E. coli isolates from stool, faecal and environmental samples using antimicrobial susceptibility testing and whole-genome sequencing methods. Core-genome multilocus sequences-based phylogeny was used to determine the relatedness between quinolone-resistant E. coli isolates. Data were analyzed using descriptive statistics.Of 110 E. coli isolates, quinolone-resistant phenotypes were observed in 68.2% (n = 75) isolates. Whole-genome sequencing detected plasmid-mediated quinolone resistance (PMQR) genes in 63.6% (n = 70) isolates. The most prevalent PMQR gene detected in 56 of these 70 E. coli isolates was qnrS1, followed by qnrB19 in 14 isolates and aac(6')-lb-cr in two isolates. Fifteen ciprofloxacin and 19 nalidixic acid-resistant isolates respectively showed double mutations in the quinolone-resistance determining regions (QRDRs) of gyrA, with single or double mutations in parC, and a single mutation in parE. The most prevalent amino-acid substitutions observed were S83L + D87N in gyrA (46.5%, n = 20), S80I in parC (51.2%, n = 22) and S458A in parE (14%, n = 6). About 2.9% (2/70) of PMQR isolates were extended-spectrum beta-lactamase (ESBL) producers while 2.9% (2/70) had plasmid-mediated colistin resistance (PMCR) genes.PMQR genes were prevalent in E. coli isolates recovered from healthy humans, chickens and poultry farm/market environments. PMCR genes (mcr-1.1) occurred in PMQR-positive isolates recovered from manure and drinking water originating from poultry farm/market environments. It was found that the gene encoding ESBL coexisted with qnrS-positive isolates of human and avian origin. Horizontal transfer of PMQR genes among E. coli isolates in the human-poultry-environment interface has public health implications for the spread of antimicrobial resistance. Relevant government agencies should enforce regulations to restrict the use of critically important antimicrobials in poultry production.}, number={1}, journal={One Health Outlook}, publisher={Springer Science and Business Media LLC}, author={Aworh, Mabel Kamweli and Kwaga, Jacob K. P. and Hendriksen, Rene S. and Okolocha, Emmanuel C. and Harrell, Erin and Thakur, Siddhartha}, year={2023}, month={Feb} }
 @article{ekong_aworh_grossi-soyster_wungak_maurice_altamirano_ekong_olugasa_nwosuh_shamaki_et al._2022, title={A Retrospective Study of the Seroprevalence of Dengue Virus and Chikungunya Virus Exposures in Nigeria, 2010–2018}, volume={11}, ISSN={2076-0817}, url={http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/pathogens11070762}, DOI={10.3390/pathogens11070762}, abstractNote={Arboviruses are important public health threats in many regions of the world. Nigeria has experienced outbreaks of arboviruses over the past decades, leading to concerns of widespread endemicity, which are frequently misdiagnosed. This study aimed to determine the seroprevalence of dengue virus (DENV) (a flavivirus) and chikungunya virus (CHIKV) (an alphavirus) infections in three major population centers of Nigeria. A convenience sample of 701 sera was collected from both healthy and febrile participants between August 2010 and March 2018. Sera were tested for prior exposure to CHIKV virus and DENV using indirect IgG ELISA. Results showed that 54.1% (379/701) of participants were seropositive for anti-DENV antibodies, 41.3% (290/701) were seropositive for anti-CHIKV antibodies, and 20.1% (141/701) had previous exposure to both. The seropositivity for prior CHIKV exposure and prior exposure to DENV and CHIKV was significantly associated with age (CHIKV: OR = 2.7 (95% CI: 1.7–4.3); DENV and CHIKV: OR = 2.2 (95% CI: 1.2–4.0) for adults compared to participants under 18 years old). Overall, the high seropositivity across all age groups suggests that arboviral infections are prevalent in Nigeria and indicates that surveillance and further epidemiological studies are required to determine the true burden of these infections and the spectrum of diseases associated with these exposures.}, number={7}, journal={Pathogens}, publisher={MDPI AG}, author={Ekong, Pius S. and Aworh, Mabel K. and Grossi-Soyster, Elysse N. and Wungak, Yiltawe S. and Maurice, Nanven A. and Altamirano, Jonathan and Ekong, Michael J. and Olugasa, Babasola O. and Nwosuh, Chika I. and Shamaki, David and et al.}, year={2022}, month={Jul}, pages={762} }
 @article{aworh_kwaga_okolocha_2022, title={Assessment of healthcare waste management practices among healthcare workers at two hospitals in Abuja, Nigeria}, volume={20}, ISSN={1595-093X 1595-093X}, url={http://dx.doi.org/10.4314/sokjvs.v20i5.17}, DOI={10.4314/sokjvs.v20i5.17}, abstractNote={Healthcare waste (HCW) is generated from hospitals or healthcare related facilities and is considered a major source of environmental contamination because it is made up of potentially harmful substances. In developing countries, especially Nigeria, management of HCW is becoming an issue of concern. The main objective of this study was to assess the current HCW management practices at two hospitals in Abuja, Nigeria. This cross-sectional study was conducted from June to July 2018 among randomly selected healthcare workers (HWs) practising at two hospitals in Abuja, Nigeria, using an electronic interviewer-administered questionnaire installed on a smartphone via an open data tool kit. We evaluated the waste segregation practices and assessed the knowledge of HWs regarding HCW in one public secondary and one private tertiary health facility. The status of waste management practice in the health facilities was carried out using the following criteria: waste management (responsibility, segregation, storage and packaging); waste transport; waste recycling and reuse; waste treatment and final disposal. Data gathered were analysed by performing descriptive statistics. Of the 105 health workers interviewed, 69 (65.7%) were females and mostly (44.8%) were within the age group 31-40 years. The proportion of respondents who had received specific training in the management of HCW was 17.1% (18/105). The level of HCW management practices in both facilities was found to be level 2: operating in a manner with some aspects that are considered sustainable. HCW management (HCWM) in Abuja is worth sustainable, especially in resource-limited settings. Hospital Management Board needs to ensure that measures needed to improve the HCWM at hospitals are provided.}, number={5}, journal={Sokoto Journal of Veterinary Sciences}, publisher={African Journals Online (AJOL)}, author={Aworh, MK and Kwaga, JKP and Okolocha, EC}, year={2022}, month={Aug} }
 @article{aworh_ekeng_nilsson_egyir_owusu-nyantakyi_hendriksen_2022, title={Extended-Spectrum ß-Lactamase-Producing Escherichia coli Among Humans, Beef Cattle, and Abattoir Environments in Nigeria}, volume={12}, ISSN={2235-2988}, url={http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/fcimb.2022.869314}, DOI={10.3389/fcimb.2022.869314}, abstractNote={Introduction Beef cattle, one of the food-producing animals, are linked to humans through a shared environment and the food chain as a major source of animal protein. Antimicrobial drugs are readily accessible for use in food animal production in Nigeria. Beef cattle and abattoir environments harbor pathogenic bacteria such as Escherichia coli (E. coli) which have developed resistance to antimicrobial agents used for prophylaxis or treatment. This study investigated the zoonotic transmission of extended-spectrum beta-lactamase-producing E. coli (ESBL-EC) among humans, beef cattle, and abattoir environments in Abuja and Lagos, Nigeria. Materials and Methods We conducted a cross-sectional study among abattoir workers, beef cattle, and abattoir environments in Abuja and Lagos. Stool, cecal, and environmental samples were collected from apparently healthy workers, slaughtered cattle, and abattoir environments from May to December 2020. Data were collected electronically using open data kit app installed on a mobile phone. Antimicrobial susceptibility patterns were determined using the Kirby–Bauer disk diffusion method against a panel of 16 antimicrobial agents. Phenotypic and genotypic characterizations of the isolates were conducted. Data were analyzed with descriptive statistics. Results From 21.7% (n = 97) of 448 samples, ESBL-EC were isolated and further characterized. Prevalence of ESBL-EC was highest in cattle (45.4%; n = 44), abattoir workers (41.2%; n = 40), and abattoir environment (13.4%; n = 13). Whole-genome sequencing of ESBL-EC showed dissemination of blaCTX-M-15 (90.7%; n = 88); blaCTX-M-14 (5.2%; n = 5); and blaCTX-M-55 (2.1%; n = 2) genes. The blaCTX-M-15 coexisted with blaCTX-M-14 and blaTEM-1 genes in 2.1% (n = 2) and 39.2% (n = 38) of the isolates, respectively. The presence of blaCTX-M-14 and blaCTX-M-15 genes was significantly associated with isolates originating from abattoir workers when compared with beef cattle isolates (p = 0.05; p < 0.01). The most prevalent sequence types (ST) were ST10 (n = 11), ST215 (n = 7), ST4684 (n = 7), and ST2178 (n = 6). ESBL-EC strain (ST205/B1) harbored mcr-1.1 and blaCTX-M15 and was isolated from a worker at Lagos abattoir. In 91 ESBL-EC isolates, 219 mobile genetic elements (MGEs) harbored resistance genes out of which β-lactam genes were carried on 64 different MGEs. Isolates showed equal distribution of insertion sequences and miniature inverted repeats although only a few composite transposons were detected (humans n = 12; cattle n = 9; environment n = 4). Two isolates of human and cattle origin (ST46/A) harboring ESBL genes and carried by MGEs were clonally related. Conclusions This is the first report of blaCTX-M-55 gene in humans and cattle in Nigeria. This study demonstrates the horizontal transfer of ESBL genes possibly by MGEs and buttresses the importance of genomic surveillance. Healthcare workers should be sensitized that people working closely with cattle or in abattoir environments are a high-risk group for fecal carriage of ESBL-EC when compared with the general population.}, journal={Frontiers in Cellular and Infection Microbiology}, publisher={Frontiers Media SA}, author={Aworh, Mabel Kamweli and Ekeng, Eme and Nilsson, Pernille and Egyir, Beverly and Owusu-Nyantakyi, Christian and Hendriksen, Rene S.}, year={2022}, month={Apr} }
 @article{carey_dyson_ingle_amir_aworh_chattaway_chew_crump_feasey_howden_et al._2022, title={Global diversity and antimicrobial resistance of typhoid fever pathogens: insights from 13,000SalmonellaTyphi genomes}, url={https://doi.org/10.1101/2022.12.28.22283969}, DOI={10.1101/2022.12.28.22283969}, abstractNote={The Global Typhoid Genomics Consortium was established to bring together the typhoid research community to aggregate and analyse Salmonella enterica serovar Typhi (Typhi) genomic data to inform public health action. This analysis, which marks twenty-one years since the publication of the first Typhi genome, represents the largest Typhi genome sequence collection to date (n=13,000), and provides a detailed overview of global genotype and antimicrobial resistance (AMR) distribution and temporal trends, generated using open analysis platforms (GenoTyphi and Pathogenwatch). Compared with previous global snapshots, the data highlight that genotype 4.3.1 (H58) has not spread beyond Asia and Eastern/Southern Africa; in other regions, distinct genotypes dominate and have independently evolved AMR. Data gaps remain in many parts of the world, and we show potential of travel-associated data to provide informal ''sentinel'' surveillance for such locations. The data indicate ciprofloxacin non-susceptibility (> 1 resistance determinant) is widespread across geographies and genotypes, with high-level resistance ([≥]3 determinants) reaching 20% prevalence in South Asia. Extensively drug-resistant (XDR) typhoid has become dominant in Pakistan (70% in 2020), but has not yet become established elsewhere. Ceftriaxone resistance has emerged in eight non-XDR genotypes, including a ciprofloxacin-resistant lineage (4.3.1.2.1) in India. Azithromycin resistance mutations were detected at low prevalence in South Asia, including in two common ciprofloxacin-resistant genotypes. The Consortium's aim is to encourage continued data sharing and collaboration to monitor the emergence and global spread of AMR Typhi, and to inform decision-making around the introduction of typhoid conjugate vaccines (TCVs) and other prevention and control strategies.}, author={Carey, Megan E. and Dyson, Zoe A. and Ingle, Danielle J. and Amir, Afreenish and Aworh, Mabel K. and Chattaway, Marie Anne and Chew, Ka Lip and Crump, John A. and Feasey, Nicholas A. and Howden, Benjamin P. and et al.}, year={2022}, month={Dec} }
 @article{medugu_aworh_iregbu_nwajiobi-princewill_abdulraheem_hull_harden_singh_obaro_egwuenu_et al._2022, title={Molecular characterization of multi drug resistant Escherichia coli isolates at a tertiary hospital in Abuja, Nigeria}, volume={12}, ISSN={2045-2322}, url={http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/s41598-022-19289-z}, DOI={10.1038/s41598-022-19289-z}, abstractNote={Abstract Infections caused by multi-drug resistant Escherichia coli cause significant morbidity and mortality especially in developing countries. In this study, we describe the molecular characteristics of E. coli isolated from clinical specimens and the patients’ outcomes. Phenotypic methods were used in the identification and antimicrobial susceptibility testing of E. coli from clinical specimens from a tertiary hospital in Abuja, Nigeria. Whole genome sequencing was used to describe the antimicrobial resistance genes, serotypes, sequence types/clonal complexes, and mobile genetic elements. The mean age of the patients was 20.3 years with 70.1% females and majority of isolates 75% from urine, 21% from blood cultures, and 3% each from cerebrospinal fluid and endo-cervical swabs. Of the 107 non-duplicate E. coli isolates, 101 (94.3%) were resistant to ampicillin, 95 (88.8%) to trimethoprim/sulfamethoxazole, 86 (80.4%) to ceftriaxone, 60 (56.1%) to gentamicin, and eight (7.5%) to meropenem. There were 102 (95.3%) isolates that were multi-drug resistant (MDR). Expression of Extended Spectrum Beta Lactamase (ESBL) phenotype was detected in 54 (50%) and bla CTX-M-15 genes detected in 75 (70.1%) isolates. The carbapenemase genes bla NDM-1 and bla NDM-5 were detected in six (5.6%), while the AmpC gene- bla CMY-2 , was detected in seven (6.5%) isolates. Two (1.9%) isolates simultaneously harboured the bla OXA-1 , bla CMY-2 , bla CTX-M-15 , and bla NDM-5 genes. In total, 35 sequence types (STs) were found with the majority being ST131 (n = 23; 21.5%). The most common serotype was O25:H4 associated with all 23 strains of ST131, followed by O1:H6/ST648 (n = 6). The ST410, ST671, and ST101 strains displayed phenotypic resistance to wide array of antibiotic classes and harbored high numbers of antibiotic resistance genes via in-silico analysis. The ST410 strain in particular harbored a higher number of antibiotic resistance genes and was phenotypically resistant to a wider array of antibiotics. Four pairs of isolates were closely related with three isolates (ST131, ST38, ST652) having a pairwise SNP difference of zero. 71/72 75/76 52/14. The MDR E. coli lineages circulating in this setting pose a clinical and public health threat as they can hinder effective prevention and management of infections. The genetic diversity and MDR E. coli with the emergence of ST410 and ST101 clones is concerning because of the potential for rapid dissemination in hospitals and communities- further increasing the problems of antibiotic resistance. Continuous routine surveillance of E. coli infections for AMR in hospitals becomes imperative, aimed at development of effective antimicrobial stewardship programs, facilitating prudent use of antimicrobial agents, and limiting dissemination of resistant strains.}, number={1}, journal={Scientific Reports}, publisher={Springer Science and Business Media LLC}, author={Medugu, Nubwa and Aworh, Mabel Kamweli and Iregbu, Kenneth and Nwajiobi-Princewill, Philip and Abdulraheem, Khadija and Hull, Dawn M. and Harden, Lyndy and Singh, Pallavi and Obaro, Stephen and Egwuenu, Abiodun and et al.}, year={2022}, month={Sep} }
 @article{aworh_kwaga_okolocha_2021, title={Assessing knowledge, attitude, and practices of veterinarians towards antimicrobial use and stewardship as drivers of inappropriate use in Abuja, Nigeria}, volume={3}, ISSN={2524-4655}, url={http://dx.doi.org/10.1186/s42522-021-00058-3}, DOI={10.1186/s42522-021-00058-3}, abstractNote={Antimicrobial resistance (AMR) has recently gained worldwide recognition, as the emergence of multi-drug resistant organisms has led to increased mortality and economic burden. This study aimed to assess knowledge, attitudes, and practices of veterinarians towards rational antimicrobial prescribing and identify factors influencing use.We interviewed veterinary doctors in Abuja, Nigeria using a 50-point questionnaire distributed via WhatsApp mobile application. The questionnaire inquired about their experiences, knowledge, attitudes, and practices towards AMR and stewardship. We analyzed the data by calculating frequencies and proportions.Of 220 registered veterinarians, 144 (65.5%) participated in the survey. Most (52.8%) were within the age group 30 - 39 years; males (72.2%), with a Master's degree (42.4%) and worked in public service (44.4%). Three-quarters (75.7%) had good knowledge of antimicrobials; 47.2% had received training on stewardship while 88.9% reported that they believed that overuse of antimicrobials was the major contributory factor towards AMR. Antimicrobial stewardship regulations are important in veterinary practice. Veterinarians were aware of the occurrence of resistant pathogens and agreed that restricting antimicrobial use in animal health care was necessary to reduce AMR.Most respondents referred to the veterinary formulary (VF) when in doubt of the appropriate antimicrobial agent to administer. We recommend that the VF be updated following the WHO list of critically-important-antimicrobials (CIA) and veterinarians educated not to use these CIAs in the treatment of food animals.}, number={1}, journal={One Health Outlook}, publisher={Springer Science and Business Media LLC}, author={Aworh, Mabel Kamweli and Kwaga, Jacob Kwada Paghi and Okolocha, Emmanuel Chukwudi}, year={2021}, month={Dec} }
 @article{aworh_kwaga_hendriksen_okolocha_thakur_2021, title={Genetic relatedness of multidrug resistant Escherichia coli isolated from humans, chickens and poultry environments}, volume={10}, ISSN={2047-2994}, url={http://dx.doi.org/10.1186/s13756-021-00930-x}, DOI={10.1186/s13756-021-00930-x}, abstractNote={Inappropriate use of antimicrobial agents in animal production has led to the development of antimicrobial resistance (AMR) in foodborne pathogens. Transmission of AMR foodborne pathogens from reservoirs, particularly chickens to the human population does occur. Recently, we reported that occupational exposure was a risk factor for multidrug-resistant (MDR) Escherichia coli (E. coli) among poultry-workers. Here we determined the prevalence and genetic relatedness among MDR E. coli isolated from poultry-workers, chickens, and poultry environments in Abuja, Nigeria. This study was conducted to address the gaps identified by the Nigerian AMR situation analysis.We conducted a cross-sectional study among poultry-workers, chickens, and poultry farm/live bird market (LBM) environments. The isolates were tested phenotypically for their antimicrobial susceptibility profiles, genotypically characterized using whole-genome sequencing (WGS) and in silico multilocus sequence types (MLST). We conducted a phylogenetic single nucleotide polymorphism (SNPs) analysis to determine relatedness and clonality among the isolates.A total of 115 (26.8%) out of 429 samples were positive for E. coli. Of these, 110 isolates were viable for phenotypic and genotypic characterization. The selection comprised 47 (42.7%) isolates from poultry-workers, 36 (32.7%) from chickens, and 27 (24.5%) from poultry-farm or LBM environments. Overall, 101 (91.8%) of the isolates were MDR conferring resistance to at least three drug classes. High frequency of resistance was observed for tetracycline (n = 102; 92.7%), trimethoprim/sulfamethoxazole (n = 93; 84.5%), streptomycin (n = 87; 79.1%) and ampicillin (n = 88; 80%). Two plasmid-mediated colistin genes-mcr-1.1 harboured on IncX4 plasmids were detected in environmental isolates. The most prevalent sequence types (ST) were ST-155 (n = 8), ST-48 (n = 8) and ST-10 (n = 6). Two isolates of human and environmental sources with a SNPs difference of 6161 originating from the same farm shared a novel ST. The isolates had similar AMR genes and plasmid replicons.MDR E.coli isolates were prevalent amongst poultry-workers, poultry, and the poultry farm/LBM environment. The emergence of MDR E. coli with novel ST in two isolates may be plasmid-mediated. Competent authorities should enforce AMR regulations to ensure prudent use of antimicrobials to limit the risk of transmission along the food chain.}, number={1}, journal={Antimicrobial Resistance & Infection Control}, publisher={Springer Science and Business Media LLC}, author={Aworh, Mabel Kamweli and Kwaga, Jacob K. P. and Hendriksen, Rene S. and Okolocha, Emmanuel C. and Thakur, Siddhartha}, year={2021}, month={Mar} }
 @article{aworh_kwaga_hendriksen_okolocha_thakur_2021, title={Genetic relatedness of multidrug resistant Escherichia coli isolated from humans, chickens and poultry environments}, url={https://doi.org/10.21203/rs.3.rs-36732/v3}, DOI={10.21203/rs.3.rs-36732/v3}, abstractNote={Abstract Background: Inappropriate use of antimicrobial agents in animal production has led to the development of antimicrobial resistance (AMR) in foodborne pathogens. Transmission of AMR foodborne pathogens from reservoirs, particularly chickens to the human population does occur. Recently, we reported that occupational exposure was a risk factor for multidrug-resistant (MDR) Escherichia coli (E. coli) among poultry-workers. Here we determined the prevalence and genetic relatedness among MDR E. coli isolated from poultry-workers, chickens, and poultry environments in Abuja, Nigeria. This study was conducted to address the gaps identified by the Nigerian AMR situation analysis. Methods: We conducted a cross-sectional study among poultry-workers, chickens, and poultry farm/live bird market (LBM) environments. The isolates were tested phenotypically for their antimicrobial susceptibility profiles, genotypically characterized using whole-genome sequencing (WGS) and in silico multilocus sequence types (MLST). We conducted a phylogenetic single nucleotide polymorphism (SNPs) analysis to determine relatedness and clonality among the isolates. Results: A total of 115 (26.8%) out of 429 samples were positive for E. coli. Of these, 110 isolates were viable for phenotypic and genotypic characterization. The selection comprised 47 (42.7%) isolates from poultry-workers, 36 (32.7%) from chickens, and 27 (24.5%) from poultry-farm or LBM environments. Overall, 101 (91.8%) of the isolates were MDR conferring resistance to at least three drug classes . High frequency of resistance was observed for tetracycline (n = 102; 92.7%), trimethoprim/sulfamethoxazole (n = 93; 84.5%), streptomycin (n = 87; 79.1%) and ampicillin (n = 88; 80%). Two plasmid-mediated colistin genes – mcr-1.1 harboured on IncX4 plasmids were detected in environmental isolates. The most prevalent sequence types (ST) were ST-155 (n = 8), ST-48 (n = 8) and ST-10 (n = 6). Two isolates of human and environmental sources with a SNPs difference of 6161 originating from the same farm shared a novel ST. The isolates had similar AMR genes and plasmid replicons. Conclusion: MDR E.coli isolates were prevalent amongst poultry-workers, poultry, and the poultry farm/LBM environment. The emergence of MDR E. coli with novel ST in two isolates may be plasmid-mediated. Competent authorities should enforce AMR regulations to ensure prudent use of antimicrobials to limit the risk of transmission along the food chain.}, author={Aworh, Mabel Kamweli and Kwaga, Jacob K. P. and Hendriksen, Rene S. and Okolocha, Emmanuel C. and Thakur, Siddhartha}, year={2021}, month={Feb} }
 @article{aworh_abiodun-adewusi_mba_helwigh_hendriksen_2021, title={Prevalence and risk factors for faecal carriage of multidrug resistant Escherichia coli among slaughterhouse workers}, volume={11}, ISSN={2045-2322}, url={http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/s41598-021-92819-3}, DOI={10.1038/s41598-021-92819-3}, abstractNote={Abstract The increasing occurrence of antimicrobial-resistant Escherichia coli in human and animal population has become a global public health problem that requires immediate intervention. We aimed to investigate prevalence and risk factors for faecal carriage of drug-resistant E. coli among slaughterhouse workers. We conducted this cross-sectional study among 118 apparently healthy workers in the largest slaughterhouses in Abuja and Lagos from July to December 2020. E. coli was isolated from stool samples of slaughterhouse workers and antimicrobial susceptibility testing performed using the Kirby-Bauer disk diffusion method. Multi-drug resistance (MDR) was defined as resistance to three or more classes of antibiotics. Majority were males: 88.1% (n = 104), aged > 41 years: 28.8% (n = 34), married: 70.3% (n = 83), and were butchers: 53.4% (n = 63). Prevalence of MDR E. coli was 50% (n = 59), highest among butchers compared to slaughterhouse cleaners. Of 75 E. coli isolates identified, 25.3% (n = 19) were ESBL producers; 78.7% (n = 59) were MDR. Keeping animals (p = 0.01); eating at the slaughterhouse (p = 0.03) and collecting waste (p = 0.02) remained independent risk factors for acquiring MDR E. coli . Prevalence of resistant E. coli was highest among butchers and associated with keeping animals at home, eating at work, and waste-collection. Hand-hygiene and responsible use of antibiotics among slaughterhouse workers should be encouraged.}, number={1}, journal={Scientific Reports}, publisher={Springer Science and Business Media LLC}, author={Aworh, Mabel Kamweli and Abiodun-Adewusi, Oluwadamilola and Mba, Nwando and Helwigh, Birgitte and Hendriksen, Rene S.}, year={2021}, month={Jun} }
 @article{ihekweazu_michael_nguku_waziri_habib_muturi_olufemi_dzikwi-emennaa_balogun_visa_et al._2021, title={Prioritization of zoonotic diseases of public health significance in Nigeria using the one-health approach}, volume={13}, ISSN={2352-7714}, url={http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.onehlt.2021.100257}, DOI={10.1016/j.onehlt.2021.100257}, abstractNote={Nigeria, with a population of over 190 million people, is rated among the 10 countries with the highest burden of infectious and zoonotic diseases globally. In Nigeria, there exist a sub-optimal surveillance system to monitor and track priority zoonoses. We therefore conducted a prioritization of zoonotic diseases for the first time in Nigeria to guide prevention and control efforts. Towards this, a two-day in-country consultative meeting involving experts from the human, animal, and environmental health backgrounds prioritized zoonotic diseases using a modified semi-quantitative One Health Zoonotic Disease Prioritization tool in July 2017. Overall, 36 of 52 previously selected zoonoses were identified for prioritization. Five selection criteria were used to arrive at the relative importance of prioritized diseases based on their weighted score. Overall, this zoonotic disease prioritization process marks the first major step of bringing together experts from the human-animal-environment health spectrum in Nigeria. Importantly, the country ranked rabies, avian influenza, Ebola Virus Disease, swine influenza and anthrax as the first five priority zoonoses in Nigeria. Finally, this One Health approach to prioritizing important zoonoses is a step that will help to guide future tracking and monitoring of diseases of grave public health importance in Nigeria.}, journal={One Health}, publisher={Elsevier BV}, author={Ihekweazu, Chikwe and Michael, Charles Akataobi and Nguku, Patrick M. and Waziri, Ndadilnasiya Endie and Habib, Abdulrazaq Garba and Muturi, Mathew and Olufemi, Abayomi and Dzikwi-Emennaa, Asabe A. and Balogun, Muhammad Shakir and Visa, Tyakaray Ibrahim and et al.}, year={2021}, month={Dec}, pages={100257} }
 @article{abdullahi_ibrahim_okeji_yandoma_bashir_haladu_idris_oseni_suleiman_yahaya_et al._2021, title={Viral suppression among HIV-positive patients on antiretroviral therapy in northwestern Nigeria: an eleven-year review of tertiary care centre records, January 2009–December 2019}, volume={21}, ISSN={1471-2334}, url={http://dx.doi.org/10.1186/s12879-021-06722-3}, DOI={10.1186/s12879-021-06722-3}, abstractNote={Abstract Background Human Immuno-Deficiency Virus (HIV) remains one of the world’s significant public health challenges. Viral suppression is the key indicator for treatment success in People living with HIV (PLHIV). We determined the level of viral suppression, and its associated factors among PLHIV attending Federal Medical Centre Katsina (FMC Katsina), Nigeria. Methods This retrospective descriptive cross-sectional study was conducted on 913 HIV positive adults enrolled in care between January 2009 and December 2019. Information on socio-demographics, clinical, immunological, Viral load (VL), and other relevant parameters were extracted from the patients’ care records. The primary outcome was the proportion of patients that achieved viral suppression. We also analyzed variables that were associated with VL suppression. Results Of 913, records of 831 (91.0%) registered patients were analyzed. During the period, 751 (90.4%) achieved viral suppression, 427 (51.4%) had CD4 counts ≥ 500 and 477 (57.4%) were on HAART for ≥ 5 years. Majority, 793 (95.4%) were on first-line HAART regimen (Tenofovir-Lamivudine-Dolutegravir or Abacavir-Lamivudine-Dolutegravir), and 809 (97.4%) in the non-advanced stage (WHO stages 1 and 2). The median (interquartile range) of viral load was 20 (20–40) vs 19,989 (3311–110,340) cp/ml in virally suppressed, and unsuppressed respectively. Factors associated with viral suppression included being unemployed (Adjusted OR [AOR] 4.9, 95% CI 2.771, 8.539), educated (AOR 4.2, 95% CI 1.098, 16.223), having a baseline CD4 count ≥ 500 cells/µl (AOR 2.7, 95% CI 1.588, 4.625), and being on first line HAART regimen [AOR 7.0, 95% CI 3.220, 15.648]. Conclusions Our study demonstrated a good viral suppression among PLHIV on HAART. Variables associated with viral suppression included unemployment, formal education, high baseline CD4 count, and first line HAART regimen.}, number={1}, journal={BMC Infectious Diseases}, publisher={Springer Science and Business Media LLC}, author={Abdullahi, Suleiman Bello and Ibrahim, Olayinka Rasheed and Okeji, Abdulkadir Baba and Yandoma, Rabilu Iliyasu and Bashir, Ibrahim and Haladu, Suleiman and Idris, Suleiman Ahmad and Oseni, T. I. A. and Suleiman, Bello Muhammad and Yahaya, Mohammed and et al.}, year={2021}, month={Oct} }
 @article{kwaghe_umeokonkwo_aworh_2020, title={Evaluation of the national tuberculosis surveillance and response systems, 2018 to 2019: National Tuberculosis, Leprosy and Buruli Ulcer Control Programme, Abuja, Nigeria}, volume={35}, ISSN={1937-8688}, url={http://dx.doi.org/10.11604/pamj.2020.35.54.21493}, DOI={10.11604/pamj.2020.35.54.21493}, abstractNote={Introduction Nigeria is among the countries with high Tuberculosis (TB) burden by global rating signifying the relevance of TB surveillance system evaluation in improving performance and capacity of the existing system. Hence, this evaluation was conducted in order to determine the gaps and proffer solution to enhance the TB surveillance system performance. Methods questionnaires were administered to eight key informants using face-to-face interview method; data obtained was analyzed. Total number of TB cases and estimated number of cases for year 2018 was obtained. Percentage of positive cases using the GeneXpert test for 6 months (January to June 2019) was obtained. Available documents and publications on the National Tuberculosis, Leprosy and Buruli Ulcer Control Programme (NTBLCP) were also sought for information. Results the NTBLCP has over 5,300 TB service points and 1,602 microscopy Centre’s distributed across the country. Acceptance for the standard TB case definition was 100%, forms used are easy to fill and diagnosis is laboratory-based requiring specialized trainings for laboratory personnel. The system had 25% sensitivity, high data quality with 100% timeliness. The TB surveillance system is representative of all ages. The system was first designed as TB and Leprosy Control Programme but later Buruli ulcer was incorporated into the Programme. First quarter supervisory visits are skipped due to late funding and delayed budget approval. Major share of the funding comes from donor partners. Conclusion the system is useful, representative, acceptable, has good data quality, timely, and sensitive. The system is stable but needs to be funded more by the government. There is need for early funding and budget approval to avoid skipping of supervisory visits due to funding challenges. The system is not simple due the various test that need to be conducted before, during and after treatment to detect and verify that the patient is cured. We recommend continuous training of health workers, routine monitoring and evaluation, integration of TB care and prevention into other health services programmes like HIV/AIDS and active case search at all levels to increase the sensitivity of the system. Speed up the process of integration of NTBLCP surveillance system with IDSR for data harmonization in the country.}, journal={Pan African Medical Journal}, publisher={Pan African Medical Journal}, author={Kwaghe, Ayi Vandi and Umeokonkwo, Chukwuma David and Aworh, Mabel Kamweli}, year={2020}, month={Feb} }
 @article{aworh_kwaga_okolocha_harden_hull_hendriksen_thakur_2020, title={Extended-spectrum ß-lactamase-producing Escherichia coli among humans, chickens and poultry environments in Abuja, Nigeria}, volume={2}, ISSN={2524-4655}, url={http://dx.doi.org/10.1186/s42522-020-00014-7}, DOI={10.1186/s42522-020-00014-7}, abstractNote={Globally, chicken is known to be a reservoir for the spread of antimicrobial resistance genes to humans. In Nigeria, antimicrobial drugs are readily accessible for use in poultry production, either for preventive or therapeutic purposes. Extended-spectrum beta-lactamase-producing Escherichia coli (ESBL-EC) are transmissible to humans because of their zoonotic potentials. People working very closely with chickens either on farms or markets are at greater risk. The aim of this study was to investigate the prevalence and zoonotic transmission of ESBL-EC among poultry-workers, chickens, and poultry environments in Abuja, Nigeria.We conducted a cross-sectional study among workers, chickens and poultry environment in selected farms/chicken markets in Abuja. Stool, faecal, and environmental samples were collected from apparently healthy workers, chickens, and farm/market environments from December 2018 to April 2019. Data were collected electronically using an open data kit (ODK) installed on a Smartphone. Antimicrobial resistance was determined using broth micro-dilution methods against a panel of 14 antimicrobial agents. We carried out the phenotypic and genotypic characterization of the isolates. Data were analyzed by computing frequencies, proportions and spearman's correlation (ρ).Of 429 samples, 26.8% (n = 115) were positive for Escherichia coli (E. coli). Of the 115 E. coli isolates, 32.2% (n = 37) were confirmed ESBL producers by phenotypic characterization. Prevalence of ESBL-EC was highest among both poultry-workers (37.8%; n = 14) and chickens (37.8%; n = 14) followed by the environment (24.3%; n = 9). Both human and chicken isolates showed similar patterns of multidrug resistance to tested antimicrobials with a positive correlation (ρ = 0.91). Among ESBL producers, we observed the dissemination of blaCTX-M (10.8%; n = 4) genes. The coexistence of blaCTX-M-15 and blaTEM-1 genes was observed in 8.1% (n = 3) of the isolates, out of which (66.7%; n = 2) were chicken isolates from the farm, while a single human isolate was from the chicken market.ESBL-EC isolates were prevalent amongst apparently healthy individuals, chickens and the poultry farm/market environment in Abuja. It is important to educate healthcare workers that people in proximity with poultry are a high-risk group for faecal carriage of ESBL-EC, hence pose a higher risk to the general population for the spread of antimicrobial resistance.}, number={1}, journal={One Health Outlook}, publisher={Springer Science and Business Media LLC}, author={Aworh, Mabel Kamweli and Kwaga, Jacob and Okolocha, Emmanuel and Harden, Lyndy and Hull, Dawn and Hendriksen, Rene S. and Thakur, Siddhartha}, year={2020}, month={May} }
 @article{aworh_kwaga_hendriksen_okolocha_thakur_2020, title={Genetic relatedness of multidrug resistant Escherichia coli isolated from humans, chickens and poultry environments}, url={https://doi.org/10.21203/rs.3.rs-36732/v1}, DOI={10.21203/rs.3.rs-36732/v1}, abstractNote={Abstract Background: Inappropriate use of antimicrobial agents in animal production has led to the development of antimicrobial resistance (AMR) in foodborne pathogens. Transmission of AMR foodborne pathogens from reservoirs, particularly chickens to the human population do occur. Recently, we reported that occupational exposure was a risk factor for multidrug-resistant (MDR) Escherichia coli (E. coli) among poultry-workers. Here we determined the prevalence and genetic relatedness among MDR E. coli isolated from poultry-workers, chickens, and poultry environments in Abuja, Nigeria. This study was conducted to address the gaps identified by the Nigerian AMR situation analysis. Methods: We conducted a cross-sectional study among poultry-workers, chickens, and poultry farm/live bird market (LBM) environments. The isolates were tested phenotypically for their antimicrobial susceptibility profiles, genotypically characterized using whole-genome sequencing (WGS) and in silico multilocus sequence types (MLST). We conducted a phylogenetic single nucleotide polymorphism (SNPs) analysis to determine relatedness and clonality among the isolates. Results: A total of 115 (26.8%) out of 429 samples were positive for E. coli. Of these, 110 isolates were viable for phenotypic and genotypic characterization. The selection comprised 47 (42.7%) isolates from poultry-workers, 36 (32.7%) from chickens, and 27 (24.5%) from poultry-farm or LBM environments. Overall, 101 (91.8%) isolates were determined MDR conferring resistance to at least three drug classes . High frequency of resistance were observed for tetracycline (n = 102; 92.7%), trimethoprim/sulfamethoxazole (n = 93; 84.5%), streptomycin (n = 87; 79.1%) and ampicillin (n = 88; 80%). Two plasmid-mediated colistin genes – mcr-1.1 harboured on IncX4 plasmids were detected in environmental isolates. The most prevalent sequence types (ST) were ST-155 (n = 8), ST-48 (n = 8) and ST-10 (n = 6). Two isolates of human and environmental sources with a SNPs difference of 6161 originating from the same farm shared a novel ST. The isolates had similar AMR genes and plasmid replicons. Conclusion: MDR E.coli isolates were prevalent amongst poultry-workers, poultry, and the poultry farm/LBM environment. The emergence of MDR E. coli with novel ST in two isolates may be plasmid-mediated. Competent authorities should enforce AMR regulations to ensure prudent use of antimicrobials to limit the risk of transmission along the food chain.}, author={Aworh, Mabel Kamweli and Kwaga, Jacob K. P. and Hendriksen, Rene S. and Okolocha, Emmanuel C. and Thakur, Siddhartha}, year={2020}, month={Jun} }
 @article{aworh_kwaga_hendriksen_okolocha_thakur_2020, title={Genetic relatedness of multidrug resistant Escherichia coli isolated from humans, chickens and poultry environments}, url={https://doi.org/10.21203/rs.3.rs-36732/v2}, DOI={10.21203/rs.3.rs-36732/v2}, abstractNote={Abstract Background: Inappropriate use of antimicrobial agents in animal production has led to the development of antimicrobial resistance (AMR) in foodborne pathogens. Transmission of AMR foodborne pathogens from reservoirs, particularly chickens to the human population do occur. Recently, we reported that occupational exposure was a risk factor for multidrug-resistant (MDR) Escherichia coli (E. coli) among poultry-workers. Here we determined the prevalence and genetic relatedness among MDR E. coli isolated from poultry-workers, chickens, and poultry environments in Abuja, Nigeria. This study was conducted to address the gaps identified by the Nigerian AMR situation analysis. Methods: We conducted a cross-sectional study among poultry-workers, chickens, and poultry farm/live bird market (LBM) environments. The isolates were tested phenotypically for their antimicrobial susceptibility profiles, genotypically characterized using whole-genome sequencing (WGS) and in silico multilocus sequence types (MLST). We conducted a phylogenetic single nucleotide polymorphism (SNPs) analysis to determine relatedness and clonality among the isolates. Results: A total of 115 (26.8%) out of 429 samples were positive for E. coli. Of these, 110 isolates were viable for phenotypic and genotypic characterization. The selection comprised 47 (42.7%) isolates from poultry-workers, 36 (32.7%) from chickens, and 27 (24.5%) from poultry-farm or LBM environments. Overall, 101 (91.8%) isolates were determined MDR conferring resistance to at least three drug classes . High frequency of resistance were observed for tetracycline (n = 102; 92.7%), trimethoprim/sulfamethoxazole (n = 93; 84.5%), streptomycin (n = 87; 79.1%) and ampicillin (n = 88; 80%). Two plasmid-mediated colistin genes – mcr-1.1 harboured on IncX4 plasmids were detected in environmental isolates. The most prevalent sequence types (ST) were ST-155 (n = 8), ST-48 (n = 8) and ST-10 (n = 6). Two isolates of human and environmental sources with a SNPs difference of 6161 originating from the same farm shared a novel ST. The isolates had similar AMR genes and plasmid replicons. Conclusion: MDR E.coli isolates were prevalent amongst poultry-workers, poultry, and the poultry farm/LBM environment. The emergence of MDR E. coli with novel ST in two isolates may be plasmid-mediated. Competent authorities should enforce AMR regulations to ensure prudent use of antimicrobials to limit the risk of transmission along the food chain.}, author={AWORH, MABEL KAMWELI and Kwaga, Jacob K. P. and Hendriksen, Rene S. and Okolocha, Emmanuel C. and Thakur, Siddhartha}, year={2020}, month={Nov} }
 @article{kwaghe_okomah_aworh_awosanya_umeokonkwo_yarai_ameh_kabir_2020, title={Magnitude and trends of ruminants, Pigs and poultry diseases in Taraba State, Nigeria, 2013- 2017: implications for public health}, volume={2}, ISSN={2707-2800}, url={http://dx.doi.org/10.11604/pamj-oh.2020.2.20.24652}, DOI={10.11604/pamj-oh.2020.2.20.24652}, abstractNote={INTRODUCTION: Livestock diseases could pose a threat to public health through zoonoses and exacerbation of antimicrobial resistance with indiscriminate drug use. Understanding and managing public health threats at the human-animal-environment interface is key to global health security. We determined the magnitude and trends of zoonotic and Transboundary animal diseases (TADs) among livestock in Taraba State, a nexus for livestock activities in Nigeria. METHODS: we reviewed records of clinical cases between 2013 and 2017 at the Veterinary Services Department, Ministry of Agriculture and Natural Resources, Taraba State. Data on livestock species, clinical diagnosis and sex were extracted and analyzed using descriptive statistics. RESULTS: of the total 1,535,267 cases in ruminants and pigs, top zoonotic diseases were Helminthoses (43.0 %), Trypanosomosis (21.2%) and ectoparasitism (14.9%); while TADs were Peste des Petits Ruminants (2.1%), Contagious Bovine Pleuropneumonia (1.4%) and Foot and mouth disease (1.3%). Cumulatively, 87.3% of the cases in ruminants and pigs in Taraba State were zoonotic diseases. Of the total 237,671 cases in poultry, the most reported was coccidiosis (71.4%); disease of zoonotic importance was enteric salmonellosis (3.1%), and the most TAD was Newcastle Disease (8.4 %). More than half (53.9 %) of the ruminant and pig cases were females. The frequency of occurrence of most cases was regular across the years. CONCLUSION: the magnitude and pattern of animal diseases of zoonotic and public Health importance in Taraba State is high and endemic. Public education and One-Health approach involving veterinary services; public and environmental health is advocated towards the prevention and control of these diseases.}, journal={PAMJ - One Health}, publisher={Pan African Medical Journal}, author={Kwaghe, Ayi Vandi and Okomah, Daniel Egom and Aworh, Mabel Kamweli and Awosanya, Emmanuel Kamweli and Umeokonkwo, Chukwuma David and Yarai, Emmanuel and Ameh, Celestine and Kabir, Junaid}, year={2020} }
 @article{olugbade_adeyemi_adeoti_ilesanmi_gidado_waziri_aworh_2019, title={Measles outbreaks and Supplemental Immunization Activities (SIAs): the Gwagwalada experience, Abuja 2015}, volume={32}, ISSN={1937-8688}, url={http://dx.doi.org/10.11604/pamj.supp.2019.32.1.13368}, DOI={10.11604/pamj.supp.2019.32.1.13368}, abstractNote={Introduction In November 2015 a measles outbreak was detected in several clustered settlements during the Northern Measles Supplementary Immunization Activities (SIAs) campaign in Gwagwalada, Nigeria, a measles outbreak was detected. Six weeks later another outbreak with 17 cases was reported in a different settlement in the same area council in December 2015 and January 2016. An outbreak investigation was initiated to characterize the outbreak in terms of time and person and implement prevention and control measures. Methods Suspected cases were defined as any person in Gwagwalada with onset of fever and rash between 1st November 2015 and 12th January 2016. Probable cases were defined as suspected cases with 3 days of rash or known exposure to someone with laboratory-confirmed measles. Confirmed case patients were defined as suspected or probable cases with Koplik spots or positive titer for immunoglobulin (Ig) M antibody. We conducted house to house case search, contact tracing and reviewed hospital records at the health facilities to determine the socio-demographic characteristics, clinical presentation and vaccination status of the cases. Results Active case search between November 2015 and January 2016 as well as record review from January 2015 to January 2016 showed that there were 109 suspected and 10 confirmed case patients. We identified 66 cases during the first reported outbreak with a case fatality rate of 6% (4 deaths) while 17 cases were identified 6 weeks later. The epidemic curve indicated a person-to-person transmission. Conclusion There had been cases of measles from January 2015 to November 2015 prior to the reported measles outbreak. However there was an unusual increase in the number of measles cases during the measles SIAs in communities where children were missed. Vaccination of all eligible children in the affected wards was carried out. The area council authorities and primary healthcare team need to create awareness on the importance of measles vaccination and ensure that these communities are targeted and covered during subsequent SIAs.}, journal={Pan African Medical Journal}, publisher={Pan African Medical Journal}, author={Olugbade, Olukemi Titilope and Adeyemi, Adeniran Sunday and Adeoti, Hadiza Adedotun and Ilesanmi, Olayinka Stephen and Gidado, Saheed Oluwatoyin and Waziri, Ndadilnasiya Endie and Aworh, Mabel}, year={2019}, pages={10} }
 @article{aworh_kwaga_okolocha_mba_thakur_2019, title={Prevalence and risk factors for multi-drug resistant Escherichia coli among poultry workers in the Federal Capital Territory, Abuja, Nigeria}, volume={14}, ISSN={1932-6203}, url={http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0225379}, DOI={10.1371/journal.pone.0225379}, abstractNote={Background Antimicrobial resistance has emerged as a global health threat. Antimicrobial resistant Escherichia coli infections are associated with high morbidity and expenditure when compared with infections caused by susceptible strains. In Nigeria, antimicrobial drugs are readily available over-the-counter with potential for indiscriminate use by poultry farmers and eventual development of drug resistance. The objective of this study was to investigate prevalence and risk factors for multi-drug resistant E. coli among poultry workers (PW) in Abuja, Nigeria. Materials and methods A cross-sectional study was conducted among 122 randomly selected apparently healthy poultry workers (poultry-farmers/ sellers) in Municipal and Kuje Area Councils from December 2018 to April 2019. Data was collected on socio-demographics and exposure factors using a structured interviewer-administered questionnaire. E. coli was isolated and identified from stool samples of poultry workers. Antibiotic susceptibility testing was done using Kirby-Bauer disk diffusion method. Multidrug resistance (MDR) was defined as resistance to three or more classes of antimicrobials. Data was analyzed by computing proportions, prevalence odds-ratios (POR) and logistic regression at 5% significance level. Results Among PW, there were 121 males (99.2%). Mean age of the male workers was 30.6 ± 9.7years, 54.6% (n = 66) married, 57.9% (n = 70) had secondary education and 62.0% (n = 75) were farm-workers. Prevalence of E. coli was 39.7% (n = 48), highest among farm-workers (POR = 2.7, 95% Confidence Interval [CI] = 1.3–5.7; p = 0.01) compared to poultry-sellers. Of the 48 E. coli isolates, 16.7% (n = 8) were extended spectrum beta lactamase (ESBL) producers and 79.2% (n = 38) were MDR. We detected resistance against Tetracycline: (83.3%, n = 40), Sulfamethoxazole-Trimethoprim: (79.2%, n = 38), Ampicillin: (77.1%, n = 37), Streptomycin: (72.9%, n = 35), Nalidixic acid: (50%, n = 24), Gentamicin: (41.7%, n = 20), Chloramphenicol: (31.3%, n = 15), Cephalothin: (27.1%, n = 13), Nitrofurantoin: (10.4%, n = 5) and Imipenem: (6.3%, n = 3). Absence of lavatory (POR = 2.7, 95% CI = 1.1–6.7); existence of farm/market for >10years (POR = 2.5, 95% CI = 1.1–5.4) and PW’s history of diarrhea in last three months (POR = 2.8, CI = 1.2–6.3) were associated with MDR. Controlling for age, absence of lavatory (adjusted OR [aOR] = 4.31, 95% CI = 1.6–11.9); PW’s history of diarrhea in last three months (aOR = 3.3,95%CI = 1.3–8.5) and work exposure >10years (aOR = 0.3, 95%CI = 0.1–0.9) remained independent risk factors for MDR. Conclusion Prevalence of resistant E. coli was highest among farm-workers and associated with older farms/markets, occupational exposure of over 10 years and poor hygienic measures. The management of Municipal and Kuje Area Councils were recommended to provide lavatories for public use in farm-settlements/markets. The importance of hand-hygiene and responsible use of antimicrobials in poultry production was emphasized.}, number={11}, journal={PLOS ONE}, publisher={Public Library of Science (PLoS)}, author={Aworh, Mabel Kamweli and Kwaga, Jacob and Okolocha, Emmanuel and Mba, Nwando and Thakur, Siddhartha}, editor={Woźniakowski, GrzegorzEditor}, year={2019}, month={Nov}, pages={e0225379} }
 @article{oloso_fagbo_garbati_olonitola_awosanya_aworh_adamu_odetokun_fasina_2018, title={Antimicrobial Resistance in Food Animals and the Environment in Nigeria: A Review}, volume={15}, ISSN={1660-4601}, url={http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph15061284}, DOI={10.3390/ijerph15061284}, abstractNote={Antimicrobial resistance (AMR) has emerged as a global health threat, which has elicited a high-level political declaration at the United Nations General Assembly, 2016. In response, member countries agreed to pay greater attention to the surveillance and implementation of antimicrobial stewardship. The Nigeria Centre for Disease Control called for a review of AMR in Nigeria using a “One Health approach”. As anecdotal evidence suggests that food animal health and production rely heavily on antimicrobials, it becomes imperative to understand AMR trends in food animals and the environment. We reviewed previous studies to curate data and evaluate the contributions of food animals and the environment (2000–2016) to the AMR burden in Nigeria using a Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) flowchart focused on three areas: Antimicrobial resistance, residues, and antiseptics studies. Only one of the 48 antimicrobial studies did not report multidrug resistance. At least 18 bacterial spp. were found to be resistant to various locally available antimicrobials. All 16 residue studies reported high levels of drug residues either in the form of prevalence or concentration above the recommended international limit. Fourteen different “resistotypes” were found in some commonly used antiseptics. High levels of residues and AMR were found in food animals destined for the human food chain. High levels of residues and antimicrobials discharged into environments sustain the AMR pool. These had evolved into potential public health challenges that need attention. These findings constitute public health threats for Nigeria’s teeming population and require attention.}, number={6}, journal={International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health}, publisher={MDPI AG}, author={Oloso, Nurudeen and Fagbo, Shamsudeen and Garbati, Musa and Olonitola, Steve and Awosanya, Emmanuel and Aworh, Mabel and Adamu, Helen and Odetokun, Ismail and Fasina, Folorunso}, year={2018}, month={Jun}, pages={1284} }
 @article{aworh_okolocha_awosanya_fasina_2017, title={Sero-prevalence and intrinsic factors associated with Brucella infection in food animals slaughtered at abattoirs in Abuja, Nigeria}, volume={10}, ISSN={1756-0500}, url={http://dx.doi.org/10.1186/s13104-017-2827-y}, DOI={10.1186/s13104-017-2827-y}, abstractNote={Brucellosis, a neglected tropical food-borne zoonotic disease, has a negative impact on both animal and human health as well as tremendous socio-economic impact in developing countries where rural income relies largely on livestock breeding and dairy products. It is endemic in the animal population in Nigeria and is a recognized occupational hazard. This work was done to establish the sero-prevalence and predisposing factors of food animals in Abuja, Nigeria to Brucella infection. Of 376 cattle, 203 sheep and 260 goats screened, 21 (5.6%); 19 (9.4%); 51 (19.6%) were positive, respectively for brucellosis with Rose Bengal Plate Test, and 2 (0.5%); 4 (2.0%); 10 (3.8%), respectively with c-ELISA. The likelihood of acquiring Brucella infection was higher among the Red Sokoto breed of goats compared to other breeds of goats (p = 0.05). This study showed that the prevalence of Brucella infection was low in food animals slaughtered at abattoirs in Abuja. However, of all animals screened, seropositivity to Brucella infection was highest in goats with Red Sokoto breed of goats more likely to acquire the disease when compared to other breeds.}, number={1}, journal={BMC Research Notes}, publisher={Springer Science and Business Media LLC}, author={Aworh, Mabel Kamweli and Okolocha, Emmanuel Chukuwdi and Awosanya, Emmanuel Jolaoluwa and Fasina, Folorunso Oludayo}, year={2017}, month={Oct} }
 @article{ajumobi_tsofo_yango_aworh_anagbogu_mohammed_umar-tsafe_mohammed_abdullahi_davis_et al._2014, title={High concentration of blood lead levels among young children in Bagega community, Zamfara - Nigeria and the potential risk factor}, volume={18}, url={http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?eid=2-s2.0-84950147325&partnerID=MN8TOARS}, DOI={10.11694/pamj.supp.2014.18.1.4264}, abstractNote={Introduction In May 2010, lead poisoning (LP) was confirmed among children <5years (U5) in two communities in Zamfara state, northwest Nigeria. Following reports of increased childhood deaths in Bagega, another community in Zamfara, we conducted a survey to investigate the outbreak and recommend appropriate control measures. Methods We conducted a cross-sectional survey in Bagega community from 23rd August to 6th September, 2010. We administered structured questionnaires to parents of U5 to collect information on household participation in ore processing activities. We collected and analysed venous blood samples from 185 U5 with LeadCare II machine. Soil samples were analysed with X-ray fluorescence spectrometer for lead contamination. We defined blood lead levels (BLL) of >10ug/dL as elevated BLL, and BLL ≥45ug/dL as the criterion for chelation therapy. We defined soil lead levels (SLL) of ≥400 parts per million (ppm) as elevated SLL. Results The median age of U5 was 36 months (Inter-quartile range: 17-48 months). The median BLL was 71µg/dL (range: 8-332µg/dL). Of the 185 U5, 184 (99.5%) had elevated BLL, 169 (91.4%) met criterion for CT. The median SLL in tested households (n = 37) of U5 was 1,237ppm (range: 53-45,270ppm). Households breaking ore rocks within the compound were associated with convulsion related-children's death (OR: 5.80, 95% CI: 1.08 - 27.85). Conclusion There was an LP outbreak in U5 in Bagega community possibly due to heavy contamination of the environment as a result of increased ore processing activities. Community-driven remediation activities are ongoing. We recommended support for sustained environmental remediation, health education, intensified surveillance, and case management.}, journal={The Pan African medical journal}, author={Ajumobi, O.O. and Tsofo, A. and Yango, M. and Aworh, M.K. and Anagbogu, I.N. and Mohammed, A. and Umar-Tsafe, N. and Mohammed, S. and Abdullahi, M. and Davis, L. and et al.}, year={2014}, pages={14} }
 @article{aworh_okolocha_kwaga_fasina_lazarus_suleman_poggensee_nguku_nsubuga_2013, title={Human brucellosis: seroprevalence and associated exposure factors among abattoir workers in Abuja, Nigeria - 2011}, volume={16}, ISSN={1937-8688}, url={http://dx.doi.org/10.11604/pamj.2013.16.103.2143}, DOI={10.11604/pamj.2013.16.103.2143}, abstractNote={Introduction Brucellosis, a neglected debilitating zoonosis, is a recognized occupational hazard with a high prevalence in developing countries. Transmission to humans can occur through contact with infected animals or animal products. Brucellosis presents with fever. In Nigeria, there is a possibility of missed diagnoses by physicians leading to a long debilitating illness. We conducted a study to determine the seroprevalence and factors associated with Human Brucellosis (HB) among abattoir-workers in Abuja, Nigeria. Methods We conducted a cross-sectional study and selected abattoir-workers using stratified random sampling. Structured questionnaires were used to collect data on demographics and exposure-factors. We tested the workers’ serum-samples using Rose-Bengal (RBPT) and ELISA tests. A worker with HB was one whose serum tested positive to RBPT or ELISA. We tested differences in proportions between workers with HB and those without HB using odds-ratio and X2 tests. Results Of 224 workers, 172 (76.8%) were male and mean age was 30 + 9.0 years. Of 224 sera collected, 54 were positive giving a seroprevalence of 24.1%. Of these, 32 (59.3%) were butchers, and 11 (20.4%) were meat-sellers. Slaughtering animals while having open-wounds (Odds-ratio (OR) = 2.15, 95% Confidence Interval (CI) = 1.15-4.04); occupational-exposure of >5years (OR = 2.30, CI = 1.11-4.78) and eating raw meat (OR = 2.75, CI = 1.21-6.26) were significantly associated with HB. Multivariate analyses showed that occupational-exposure of >5years (Adjusted OR (AOR) =2.45, CI = 1.15 – 5.30) and eating raw-meat (AOR = 2.64, CI = 1.14 - 6.14) remained significantly associated with HB. Conclusion Seroprevalence of HB among abattoir-workers in Abuja was high. Factors associated with HB were occupational-exposure of >5years and eating raw-meat. Abattoir-workers should be discouraged from eating raw-meat and educated on adherence to safe animal-product handling practices.}, journal={Pan African Medical Journal}, publisher={Pan African Medical Journal}, author={Aworh, Mabel Kamweli and Okolocha, Emmanuel and Kwaga, Jacob and Fasina, Folorunso and Lazarus, David and Suleman, Idris and Poggensee, Gabrielle and Nguku, Patrick and Nsubuga, Peter}, year={2013} }
 @article{maurice_wungak_gana_nanven_ngbede_ibrahim_aworh_konzing_hambolu_gugong_2013, title={Seroprevalence of bovine brucellosis in northern Plateau State, North Central Nigeria}, volume={3}, ISSN={2222-1808}, url={http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S2222-1808(13)60081-X}, DOI={10.1016/S2222-1808(13)60081-X}, abstractNote={To determine the seroprevalence of brucellosis among cattle in some local government areas (LGA) of the northern part of Plateau State, Nigeria. Sera obtained from a total of 270 randomly selected cattle from different herds in the four selected LGAs were for Brucellaantibodies using the Rose Bengal Plate Test (RBPT). An overall brucellosis seroprevalence of 9.6% (26/270) was obtained. The seroprevalence of Brucella antibodies among the cattle across the LGA ranged from 0%-37.3% with Riyom and Bassa LGA having the lowest and highest seroprevalence respectively while Barkin Ladi LGA had no sero-positive cattle. Females had a higher percentage of seropositives compared to males while cattle reared under extensive system of management had a higher (11.6%) percentage of sero-positives compared to cattle kept under the intensive system of management. However, there was no statistically significant (P>0.05) association between serological status and sex or management practice. The results of this study indicates that bovine brucellosis is still a problem among the cattle population in Plateau State, Nigeria. And the public and other animals are at risk of exposure to the disease agent in these animals which are still shedding the organism.}, number={5}, journal={Asian Pacific Journal of Tropical Disease}, publisher={Elsevier BV}, author={Maurice, Nanven Abraham and Wungak, Samuel Yiltawe and Gana, Balami Arhyel and Nanven, Magdalene Baneche and Ngbede, Emmanuel Ochefije and Ibrahim, Amina and Aworh, Mabel Kamweli and Konzing, Leviticus and Hambolu, Sunday Emmanuel and Gugong, Victor Tita}, year={2013}, month={Oct}, pages={337–340} }
 @article{aworh_omogbai_ighodalo-borha_akanbi_2012, title={Protective Effects of Allopurinol on Diclofenac-Induced Toxicity in Domestic Chicken}, volume={4}, url={http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?eid=2-s2.0-84870935765&partnerID=MN8TOARS}, number={4}, journal={International Journal of Toxicological and Pharmacological Research}, author={Aworh, M.K. and Omogbai, E.K.I. and Ighodalo-Borha, E.T. and Akanbi, O.B.}, year={2012}, pages={88–95} }
 @article{olabode_adah_nafarnda_aworh_bello_2012, title={Seroprevalence of Brucella Abortus Antibodies in Slaughtered Cattle and Meat by-products Handlers in Ilorin Abattoir, Kwara State, Nigeria}, volume={2}, number={3}, journal={Prime Journal of Microbiology Research}, author={Olabode, H.O.K. and Adah, B.M.J. and Nafarnda, W.D. and Aworh, M.K. and Bello, R.H.}, year={2012}, month={Mar}, pages={109–113} }
 @article{aworh_nwosuh_ajumobi_okewole_okolocha_akanbi_nguku_2011, place={Plateau State, Nigeria}, title={A Retrospective study of Rabies cases reported at Vom Christian Hospital, Plateau State, Nigeria, 2006-2010}, volume={32}, number={4}, journal={Nigerian Veterinary Journal}, author={Aworh, M.K. and Nwosuh, C.I. and Ajumobi, O.O. and Okewole, P.A. and Okolocha, E.C. and Akanbi, B.O. and Nguku, P.}, year={2011}, pages={366–370} }
 @article{aworh_joannis_okewole_meseko_okolocha_ekong_poggensee_nguku_2011, title={Evaluation of Laboratory Component of Highly Pathogenic Avian Influenza Surveillance in Nigeria, 2010}, number={59/60}, journal={Epidemiologie et Sante Animale}, author={Aworh, M.K. and Joannis, T. and Okewole, P. and Meseko, C. and Okolocha, E. and Ekong, P. and Poggensee, G. and Nguku, P.}, year={2011}, pages={301–304} }
 @article{wungak_aworh_maurice_balami_danmarwa_danthe_2011, title={Serological Survey of Antibodies against Brucella Abortus in Cattle in Jos South Local Government Area}, volume={8}, journal={Vom Journal of Veterinary Science}, author={Wungak, Y.S. and Aworh, M.K. and Maurice, N. and Balami, A.G. and Danmarwa, A. and Danthe, H.D.}, year={2011}, pages={39–43} }
 @article{aworh_alaka_olukunle_olabode_2008, title={Growth changes associated with feeding <i>Clarias gariepinus</i> with mouldy feeds}, volume={3}, ISSN={0794-4721}, url={http://dx.doi.org/10.4314/apra.v3i3.36395}, DOI={10.4314/apra.v3i3.36395}, number={3}, journal={Animal Production Research Advances}, publisher={African Journals Online (AJOL)}, author={Aworh, M K and Alaka, O O and Olukunle, O and Olabode, H O}, year={2008}, month={Jan} }