@inbook{edwards_2023, title={Healthy lifestyles - The efficacy of sport for health development initiatives for community health}, DOI={10.4337/9781800378926.00020}, abstractNote={This chapter examines how, within the context of sport for development (SFD), organisations strategically leverage sport to promote positive health outcomes. Sport for Health Development (SFHD) programmes have typically been implemented in the Global South and attempt to reduce poor health indicators, raise health awareness, prevent disease, and improve life skills linked to health and well-being. SFHD uses sport as a mechanism to address issues related to health, often at the individual level. To overcome suggested limitations of current approaches and maximise sport’s efficacy in community health promotion, SFHD initiatives need to adopt a public health model and focus on community engagement to identify locally important health problems and valid solutions to focus programme activities, affirm local social and cultural contexts, empower local residents to design and manage programmes, leverage partnerships with non-sport organisations to build community capacity within a culture of health promotion, and incorporate robust evaluation plans.}, booktitle={Handbook of Sport and International Development}, publisher={Edward Elgar Publishing}, author={Edwards, Michael}, year={2023}, month={Nov}, pages={151–161} }
 @article{penbrooke_edwards_bocarro_henderson_hipp_2022, title={Applying Systems Thinking Approaches to Address Preventive Health Factors through Public Parks and Recreation Agencies}, volume={40}, ISSN={["2160-6862"]}, DOI={10.18666/JPRA-2021.11007}, number={1}, journal={JOURNAL OF PARK AND RECREATION ADMINISTRATION}, author={Penbrooke, Teresa and Edwards, Michael and Bocarro, Jason and Henderson, Karla and Hipp, J. Aaron}, year={2022}, pages={98–114} }
 @article{robledo_edwards_bocarro_behnke_casper_2022, title={Examination of Ecological Systems Contexts Within a Latino-Based Community Sport Youth Development Initiative}, volume={4}, ISSN={2624-9367}, url={http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/fspor.2022.869589}, DOI={10.3389/fspor.2022.869589}, abstractNote={Youth Development Programs (YDPs) can serve as effective mechanisms to alleviate social and psychological adversities while enhancing and developing resilience among youth. Recently, more YDPs have incorporated sport within Sport for Development (SFD) models to achieve these goals. Due to the growing Latino population in the US and the wide achievement gap between Latinos and other demographic populations, there is a need to explore programs that may support individual development as well as long-term change with regard to social inequality. There is also a need to better understand the ecological contexts within SFD programs and how these contexts may support underserved youth. Specifically, using an ecological systems perspective, this study seeks to explore the implementation of a sport program by a YDP in order to examine the ecological processes that may support or inhibit the efficacy of sport programs working with underserved youth. Juntos is a YDP that primarily serves Latinx youth and families by assisting youth with graduating high school and pursuing higher education opportunities. Juntos incorporates two annual soccer tournaments (i.e., Kicking it with Juntos and Copa Unidos). A qualitative case study approach was implemented in two counties in North Carolina. Interviews were conducted with tournament participants, county coordinators and planning committee members. Findings found three key themes related to three ecological levels 1. At the Microsystem level, sport was implemented to engage youth and connect to non-sport program outcomes, but divergent perceptions of goals among stakeholders potentially inhibited intentional implementation. At the Mesosystem level, sport provided a mechanism to engage in collaborative relationships and encouraged parental participation. At the Macrosystem level, sport celebrated Latino culture and attempted to address social barriers facing Latinx youth, but some aspects of culture may have created barriers to access for girls. Findings suggested that while the programs emphasized mesosystem engagement, more integration across exosystem and macrosystem levels may be needed for sustainable outcomes.}, journal={Frontiers in Sports and Active Living}, publisher={Frontiers Media SA}, author={Robledo, Mayra V. and Edwards, Michael B. and Bocarro, Jason N. and Behnke, Andrew O. and Casper, Jonathan M.}, year={2022}, month={Jun} }
 @article{abildso_daily_meyer_edwards_jacobs_mcclendon_perry_roemmich_2021, title={Environmental Factors Associated with Physical Activity in Rural US Counties}, volume={18}, ISSN={["1660-4601"]}, url={https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph18147688}, DOI={10.3390/ijerph18147688}, abstractNote={Background: Rural U.S. adults’ prevalence of meeting physical activity (PA) guidelines is lower than urban adults, yet rural-urban differences in environmental influences of adults’ PA are largely unknown. The study’s objective was to identify rural-urban variations in environmental factors associated with the prevalence of adults meeting PA guidelines. Methods: County-level data for non-frontier counties (n = 2697) were used. A five-category rurality variable was created using the percentage of a county’s population living in a rural area. Factor scores from Factor Analyses (FA) were used in subsequent Multiple Linear Regression (MLR) analyses stratified by rurality to identify associations between environmental factor scores and the prevalence of males and females meeting PA guidelines. Results: FA revealed a 13-variable, four-factor structure of natural, social, recreation, and transportation environments. MLR revealed that natural, social, and recreation environments were associated with PA for males and females, with variation by sex for social environment. The natural environment was associated with PA in all but urban counties; the recreation environment was associated with PA in the urban counties and the two most rural counties. Conclusions: Variations across the rural-urban continuum in environmental factors associated with adults’ PA, highlight the uniqueness of rural PA and the need to further study what succeeds in creating active rural places.}, number={14}, journal={INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH}, publisher={MDPI AG}, author={Abildso, Christiaan G. and Daily, Shay M. and Meyer, M. Renee Umstattd and Edwards, Michael B. and Jacobs, Lauren and McClendon, Megan and Perry, Cynthia K. and Roemmich, James N.}, year={2021}, month={Jul} }
 @article{carlton_mckenzie_bocarro_edwards_casper_suau_kanters_2021, title={Objective Assessment of Physical Activity and Associated Contexts During High School Sport Practices}, volume={3}, ISSN={["2624-9367"]}, DOI={10.3389/fspor.2021.548516}, abstractNote={Background: Organized sports provide children and adolescents with opportunities to achieve recommended amounts of moderate to vigorous physical activity (MVPA), and schools are a primary setting for sports programs. The main aims of this study were to examine participant physical activity (PA) levels during the most popular high school sports in the United States and to assess the influences of practice contextual factors on PA levels.}, journal={FRONTIERS IN SPORTS AND ACTIVE LIVING}, author={Carlton, Troy and McKenzie, Thomas L. and Bocarro, Jason N. and Edwards, Michael and Casper, Jonathan and Suau, Luis and Kanters, Michael A.}, year={2021}, month={Jul} }
 @article{edwards_bocarro_bunds_bush_casper_dorsch_chalip_kanters_kanters_2021, title={Parental perceptions of the impact of COVID-19 and returning to play based on level of sport}, volume={25}, ISSN={1743-0437 1743-0445}, url={http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/17430437.2021.2016703}, DOI={10.1080/17430437.2021.2016703}, abstractNote={Abstract This study examined the impact of COVID-19 on youth sport parents based on competition level to understand how the pandemic affected youth sport and factors associated with youth returning to sport. Survey data were collected from samples of US sport parents in two waves - early in the pandemic (N = 751) and as programs began to resume (N = 707). Data showed elite sport parents were more willing to return. Although most participants returned to play, significant numbers had not resumed participation. Parent comfort was the most important factor associated with resuming. However, parents allowed children to resume play due to perceived external pressure, potentially creating stress among parents regarding sport participation decisions. Attending school in person and household income were associated with the ability to resume sport suggesting the need to provide school sport environments and consider the financial impacts of COVID-19 on sport families.}, number={7}, journal={Sport in Society}, publisher={Informa UK Limited}, author={Edwards, Michael B. and Bocarro, Jason N. and Bunds, Kyle S. and Bush, Kimberly A. and Casper, Jonathan M. and Dorsch, Travis E. and Chalip, Laurence and Kanters, David and Kanters, Michael A.}, year={2021}, month={Dec}, pages={1273–1290} }
 @article{barrett_jones_bunds_casper_edwards_2021, title={Teamwork makes the <i>net-work</i>: participant-governed networks and athletics sustainability collaboration}, volume={23}, ISSN={1467-6370 1467-6370}, url={http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/IJSHE-05-2021-0188}, DOI={10.1108/IJSHE-05-2021-0188}, abstractNote={
Purpose
Athletic departments play an important role in sustainability-based collaborative processes due to their boundary spanning connections with both internal and external university stakeholders. As a result, athletic department representatives have become prominent members of university participant-governed network structures. The purpose of this study is to examine the role of dedicated “athletics green teams” as a unique form of control and coordination by considering how green team interactions support and augment the collaborative network of actors who are responsible for executing athletics sustainability practices on university campuses.
}, number={5}, journal={International Journal of Sustainability in Higher Education}, publisher={Emerald}, author={Barrett, Martin and Jones, Gareth J. and Bunds, Kyle S. and Casper, Jonathan M. and Edwards, Michael B.}, year={2021}, month={Oct}, pages={1090–1106} }
 @article{mcgillivray_koenigstorfer_bocarro_edwards_2021, title={The role of advocacy organisations for ethical mega sport events}, volume={8}, ISSN={["1839-2083"]}, DOI={10.1080/14413523.2021.1955531}, abstractNote={HIGHLIGHTS We interviewed advocacy organisations campaigning for human rights. We explore the roles and relationships between mega sport event stakeholders with respect to human rights. We found that mega sport event stakeholders recognize the importance of, and accept responsibility for, human rights. We found that building trust with, while protecting the independence of, advocacy organisations is important. We found that advocacy organizations have moved away from shaming to a more collaborative approach with awarding bodies. We recommend that event governance and monitoring need to be implemented before and after the event. Non-governmental organisations have sought to enshrine progressive and ethical principles, protocols, and practices into governance arrangements for mega sport events. Evidence on whether, and how, they influence awarding bodies and events for the better, however, is scarce. Two research questions guided the present research: What role human rights advocacy organisations play at different stages of the event lifecycle? What is the nature of relationships between advocacy organisations and event awarding bodies to ensure that human rights are effectively embedded into decision-making processes? The authors conducted interviews with representatives from three advocacy organisations campaigning for human rights, two event awarding bodies and two intermediary organisations. A thematic analysis revealed four central themes: accepting responsibility for human rights; considering events as human-rights leveraging opportunity; facilitating within-coalition balance and independence of advocacy organisations; and implementing good governance and structural change. The findings contribute to the understanding of advocacy organisations within the sport event context by identifying relevant roles and relationships (including success factors and burdens on human rights).}, journal={SPORT MANAGEMENT REVIEW}, author={McGillivray, David and Koenigstorfer, Joerg and Bocarro, Jason N. and Edwards, Michael B.}, year={2021}, month={Aug} }
 @article{abildso_perry_jacobs_umstattd meyer_mcclendon_edwards_roemmich_ramsey_stout_2021, title={What Sets Physically Active Rural Communities Apart from Less Active Ones? A Comparative Case Study of Three US Counties}, volume={18}, ISSN={["1660-4601"]}, url={https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph182010574}, DOI={10.3390/ijerph182010574}, abstractNote={Background: Rural US communities experience health disparities, including a lower prevalence of physical activity (PA). However, “Positive Deviants”—rural communities with greater PA than their peers—exist. The purpose of this study was to identify the factors that help create physically active rural US communities. Methods: Stakeholder interviews, on-site intercept interviews, and in-person observations were used to form a comparative case study of two rural counties with high PA prevalence (HPAs) and one with low PA prevalence (LPA) from a southern US state, selected based on rurality and adult PA prevalence. Interview transcripts were inductively coded by three readers, resulting in a thematic structure that aligned with a Community Capital Framework, which was then used for deductive coding and analysis. Results: Fifteen stakeholder interviews, nine intercept interviews, and on-site observations were conducted. Human and Organizational Capital differed between the HPAs and LPA, manifesting as Social, Built, Financial, and Political Capital differences and a possible “spiraling-up” or cyclical effect through increasing PA and health (Human Capital), highlighting a potential causal model for future study. Conclusions: Multi-organizational PA coalitions may hold promise for rural PA by directly influencing Human and Organizational Capital in the short term and the other forms of capital in the long term.}, number={20}, journal={INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH}, publisher={MDPI AG}, author={Abildso, Christiaan G. and Perry, Cynthia K. and Jacobs, Lauren and Umstattd Meyer, M. Renee and McClendon, Megan and Edwards, Michael B. and Roemmich, James N. and Ramsey, Zachary and Stout, Margaret}, year={2021}, month={Oct} }
 @article{jones_hyun_edwards_casper_bocarro_lynch_2020, title={Is "school sport" associated with school belongingness? Testing the influence of school sport policy}, volume={23}, ISSN={["1839-2083"]}, DOI={10.1016/j.smr.2019.12.003}, abstractNote={Highlights• Interscholastic sport is often prioritized by administrators due to a presumed influence on school belongingness.• The association between sport and school belongingness is different depending on policy context.• The indirect effect of sport competence is stronger in schools with interscholastic sport policies.• Policymakers should look beyond "single entity" categorizations of school sport.}, number={5}, journal={SPORT MANAGEMENT REVIEW}, author={Jones, Gareth J. and Hyun, Moonsup and Edwards, Michael B. and Casper, Jonathan and Bocarro, Jason N. and Lynch, James}, year={2020}, month={Nov}, pages={925–936} }
 @article{carrillo_barbieri_knollenberg_edwards_2020, title={The stress from my tour leading job: Differences between genders}, volume={44}, ISSN={["1839-5260"]}, DOI={10.1016/j.jhtm.2020.06.013}, abstractNote={This study compared job stressors between female and male Tour Leaders (TLs) operating in South America, mainly Peru and Bolivia. In 2017, 82 TLs were surveyed about their level of stress on 30 items representing four sources of job stress: job roles, nature of the job, tourists’ attitudes and behaviors, and external factors. Statistical tests determined that female TLs perceive higher levels of stress from sexual harassment, natural disasters, facilitating the tourists-locals interaction, having limited free time during trips and constant packing/unpacking. Male TLs reported higher levels of stress when tourists supersede their authority. These results indicate the need to amend policy and managerial guidelines to increase gender equity in the tour leading profession.}, journal={JOURNAL OF HOSPITALITY AND TOURISM MANAGEMENT}, author={Carrillo, Brendali and Barbieri, Carla and Knollenberg, Whitney and Edwards, Michael B.}, year={2020}, month={Sep}, pages={211–214} }
 @article{barrett_bunds_casper_edwards_showalter_jones_2019, title={'A Nut We Have Officially yet to Crack': Forcing the Attention of Athletic Departments Toward Sustainability Through Shared Governance}, volume={11}, ISSN={["2071-1050"]}, DOI={10.3390/su11195198}, abstractNote={In many ways, intercollegiate athletics represents the ‘sustainable’ front porch of higher education. The high-visibility, high-impact nature of elite-level college athletics make athletic departments a central player in the sustainable development journey. However, not all athletic departments respond to this responsibility, nor are all responses uniformly successful. According to national reporting frameworks, an increasing number of universities in the United States are choosing to involve their athletic departments in university-level sustainability governance structures, but the benefits and limitations of this remain unclear. Using the theory of loosely coupled systems, and more specifically, the voice of compensations (which views loose coupling as an unsatisfactory state), the purpose of this paper is to explore perceptions of athletic department engagement in shared sustainability governance, and, thus, a whole-of-institution approach. Semi-structured interviews with sustainability office personnel were conducted and analyzed, and the findings imply that shared sustainability governance has the potential to focus the attention of athletic departments toward sustainability, as well as to reaffirm shared values. Yet, to maximize the impact of athletic departments toward the sustainable development goals of a university, sustainability office personnel suggest the deployment of additional change levers, in a multi-dimensional fashion, as supplementary coupling mechanisms. These would include more rigorous sustainability goals (top-down), continued collaboration on ‘low-hanging fruit’ initiatives (lateral), student-athlete engagement (bottom-up), and the development of an internal sustainability framework (inside-out).}, number={19}, journal={SUSTAINABILITY}, author={Barrett, Martin and Bunds, Kyle S. and Casper, Jonathan M. and Edwards, Michael B. and Showalter, D. Scott and Jones, Gareth J.}, year={2019}, month={Oct} }
 @article{barrett_bunds_casper_edwards_2019, title={A Descriptive Analysis of Corporate Environmental Responsibility in Major League Professional Sport}, volume={11}, ISSN={["2327-0187"]}, DOI={10.18666/JASM-2019-V11-I3-9509}, abstractNote={This article explores corporate environmentalism across North American major league professional sport through a webpage content analysis of disclosed business practices and programs. The results of the content analysis reify previous academic work, which suggests corporate environmental responsibility in professional sport is varied. Yet, the results also point to an increasingly standardized approach to integrated/operational business practices focusing on materials and resources, and energy and atmosphere, as well as campaign-based programs focusing on corporate social marketing. The findings identify an opportunity for professional team sport organizations to innovate new cause-related marketing and cause promotion programs, and point to a key role for senior leaders in leveraging advanced capabilities to catalyze knowledge development in other business practices and programs. Additionally, by establishing common areas of success, the findings present an opportunity for professional team sport organizations to communicate their environmental successes collectively. Subscribe to JASM}, number={3}, journal={JOURNAL OF APPLIED SPORT MANAGEMENT}, author={Barrett, Martin and Bunds, Kyle S. and Casper, Jonathan M. and Edwards, Michael B.}, year={2019}, pages={35–46} }
 @article{jones_edwards_bocarro_svensson_misener_2019, title={A community capacity building approach to sport-based youth development}, volume={9}, ISSN={1441-3523}, url={http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.smr.2019.09.001}, DOI={10.1016/j.smr.2019.09.001}, abstractNote={Highlights• Sport for development (SFD) research has been critiqued for "individual-oriented" approaches to positive youth development (PYD).• Community capacity building provides a complementary framework for youth SFD organizations to also promote community capacity.• Youth SFD organizations offer a unique context to promote PYD and community capacity, but must be strategically managed to do so.• Promoting community capacity can enhance youth-context interactions outside program context, and promote sustainable development.}, journal={Sport Management Review}, publisher={Elsevier BV}, author={Jones, Gareth J. and Edwards, Michael B. and Bocarro, Jason N. and Svensson, Per G. and Misener, Katie}, year={2019}, month={Sep} }
 @article{mcgillivray_edwards_brittain_bocarro_koenigstorfer_2019, title={A conceptual model and research agenda for bidding, planning and delivering Major sport events that lever human rights}, volume={38}, ISSN={["1466-4496"]}, DOI={10.1080/02614367.2018.1556724}, abstractNote={ABSTRACT In this conceptual article, the authors propose a framework for how progressive human rights outcomes may be obtained in the context of bidding, planning and implementing major sport events (MSEs) through the implementation of four pathways, including good governance, the democratic participation of stakeholders, the formalisation of human rights agendas and the deployment of sensitive urban development. The authors argue that there is a need for adherence to internationally recognised standards, such as the Universal Declaration of Human Rights and the United Nations Guiding Principles on Business and Human Rights if rhetorical statements from MSE awarding bodies and host organisers are to be accountable to a wider set of actors. If researchers and practitioners want to address some of the critical issues related to human rights and MSEs, it is imperative that key actors working in the rights sphere are involved in shaping the research agenda and monitoring its implementation. Academics need to take a proactive approach aimed at achieving both theoretically grounded and practically relevant solutions, with engagement occurring over an extended period of time. This approach, avowedly political and concerned with genuine action, is a key way in which MSE stakeholders can be held to account for their actions in regard to human rights.}, number={2}, journal={LEISURE STUDIES}, author={McGillivray, David and Edwards, Michael B. and Brittain, Ian and Bocarro, Jason and Koenigstorfer, Joerg}, year={2019}, month={Mar}, pages={175–190} }
 @article{edwards_rowe_2019, title={Managing sport for health: An introduction to the special issue}, volume={22}, ISSN={["1441-3523"]}, DOI={10.1016/j.smr.2018.12.006}, abstractNote={Highlights• Sport should be aligned with community needs and should be empowering.• Sport should be adaptable and evolving to ensure sport culture values health.• Sport organisations should leverage partnership for health to promote organisational sustainability.• Achieving health outcomes requires reshaping sport systems and strategies toward intentional health objectives.}, number={1}, journal={SPORT MANAGEMENT REVIEW}, author={Edwards, Michael B. and Rowe, Katie}, year={2019}, month={Feb}, pages={1–4} }
 @article{koenigstorfer_bocarro_byers_edwards_jones_preuss_2019, title={Mapping research on legacy of mega sporting events: structural changes, consequences, and stakeholder evaluations in empirical studies}, volume={38}, ISSN={0261-4367 1466-4496}, url={http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/02614367.2019.1662830}, DOI={10.1080/02614367.2019.1662830}, abstractNote={ABSTRACT Findings from empirical studies on the legacy of hosting a mega sporting event are inconclusive. This paper considers empirical studies published in English language peer-reviewed journals between 1997 and 2016 to identify trends and gaps in current knowledge related to event-attributed changes in structures, consequences, and stakeholder evaluations. Following systematic literature search guidelines, 233 articles (238 studies) were coded. The authors assessed structural changes, consequences, and stakeholder evaluations. Contextual factors, such as type of event, timeframe, and geographical location were also considered, as well as research design, methods, and a risk of bias assessment. Most studies considered structural changes per se, without further specification (such as the urban and human level). Economic and social consequences were the two most often considered consequences. The range of stakeholders considered in the studies was diverse, although host city residents received the most research attention. The mapping helps scholars better understand dominant themes, critically appraise studies as well as identify gaps in existing research. The authors discuss managerial implications and propose research directions that address concerns: unclear definition and biased selection of relevant stakeholder groups, short legacy timeframes, and the low-level evidence for cause-effect relationships in the legacy production process.}, number={6}, journal={Leisure Studies}, publisher={Informa UK Limited}, author={Koenigstorfer, Joerg and Bocarro, Jason N. and Byers, Terri and Edwards, Michael B. and Jones, Gareth J. and Preuss, Holger}, year={2019}, month={Sep}, pages={729–745} }
 @article{meyer_edwards_jorgenson_moore_2019, title={PHYSICAL ACTIVITY IN RURAL POPULATIONS}, ISBN={["978-0-8261-3458-5"]}, DOI={10.1891/9780826134592.0019}, journal={PHYSICAL ACTIVITY AND PUBLIC HEALTH PRACTICE}, author={Meyer, M. Renee Umstattd and Edwards, Michael B. and Jorgenson, Lindsay Elliott and Moore, Justin B.}, year={2019}, pages={307–326} }
 @inbook{umstattd meyer_edwards_jorgenson_moore_2019, place={New York}, title={Physical Activity in Rural Populations}, booktitle={Physical Activity and Public Health Practice}, publisher={Springer Publishing Company}, author={Umstattd Meyer, M.R. and Edwards, M.B. and Jorgenson, L.E. and Moore, J.B.}, editor={Bornstein, D.B. and Eyler, A.E. and Maddock, J.E. and Moore, J.B.Editors}, year={2019}, pages={307–328} }
 @article{duerden_layland_lacanienta_hodge_goates_edwards_2019, title={Reporting Quantitative Methods and Findings: Best Practices Fidelity in the Leisure Science Literature}, volume={44}, ISSN={0149-0400 1521-0588}, url={http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/01490400.2019.1571969}, DOI={10.1080/01490400.2019.1571969}, abstractNote={Abstract This article identified best practices for quantitative methods and results reporting and then evaluated leisure science articles’ adherence to them. A two-stage stratified sampling method identified 112 articles. A codebook was developed, and 26 universal codes addressing abstract, methods, and results were applied to each article to generate best practices scores (BPS). BPS ranged from 6 to 21 (M = 14.89, SD = 2.95). Articles were more likely to use best practices for abstract, sample selection, recruitment, statistics, and data analysis, and less likely for participant characteristics, instrumentation, and data collection procedures. Comparisons of BPS across journals identified significant differences.}, number={3}, journal={Leisure Sciences}, publisher={Informa UK Limited}, author={Duerden, Mat D and Layland, Eric Keith and Lacanienta, Andrew and Hodge, Camilla and Goates, Michael and Edwards, Michael B}, year={2019}, month={Feb}, pages={1–16} }
 @inbook{edwards_casper_2019, place={College Station, Texas}, edition={3rd}, title={Sport and Health}, ISBN={9780578520827}, booktitle={Sociology of Sport and Physical Activity}, publisher={Center for Sport Management Research and Education}, author={Edwards, M.B. and Casper, J}, editor={Cunningham, G.B. and Singer, J.N.Editors}, year={2019} }
 @inbook{jones_bocarro_edwards_2019, place={Urbana, IL}, edition={2nd}, title={The status of youth sport in American society}, booktitle={Youth Development Principles and Practices in Out-of-School Time Settings}, publisher={Sagamore/Venture}, author={Jones, G.J. and Bocarro, J.N. and Edwards, M.B.}, editor={Witt, P.A. and Caldwell, L.L.Editors}, year={2019} }
 @article{carrillo_barbieri_knollenberg_edwards_2019, title={Tour Leading in South America: Job Inputs and Outcomes}, volume={59}, ISSN={0047-2875 1552-6763}, url={http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0047287519880018}, DOI={10.1177/0047287519880018}, abstractNote={ Tour Leader’s (TLs) performance is a key determinant of tourists’ satisfaction. Yet, research on the set of rewards and stressors (job inputs) that TLs experience and how these affect their quality of life and job satisfaction (job outcomes) is scant. This study, framed within the facet analysis model, fills this knowledge gap using data collected from 82 TLs operating in South America. Respondents were satisfied with nonfinancial rewards and perceived low stress levels resulting from their jobs. Although most reported positive psychological outcomes, they also acknowledged a decrease in their quality of convivial life. Analysis indicated that job inputs significantly affected TLs’ psychological and convivial well-being and job satisfaction. Study results expand the scholarship of the inputs and outcomes of tour leading and provides managerial and policy insights to increase TLs’ quality of life and job satisfaction, which is critical to enhance job performance. }, number={7}, journal={Journal of Travel Research}, publisher={SAGE Publications}, author={Carrillo, Brendali and Barbieri, Carla and Knollenberg, Whitney and Edwards, Michael B.}, year={2019}, month={Oct}, pages={004728751988001} }
 @article{jones_wegner_bunds_edwards_bocarro_2018, title={Examining the Environmental Characteristics of Shared Leadership in a Sport-for-Development Organization}, volume={32}, ISSN={["1543-270X"]}, DOI={10.1123/jsm.2017-0274}, abstractNote={To promote community development, sport-for-development (SFD) organizations strive to build local leadership that fosters long-term sustainability. Although shared leadership (SL) structures are particularly effective in these settings, there has been limited attention to SL within the SFD context, especially from a multilevel perspective. While previous studies of leadership in sport have primarily focused on the individual traits of leaders, multilevel analysis is required to understand how environmental characteristics relate to leadership development. This qualitative case study analyzes the development and deployment of SL in an American SFD organization. Interviews, observations, and document analysis are used to generate data, and theoretical thematic analysis is used to identify key themes related to the environmental characteristics of SL. Results highlight how environmental characteristics are related to SL, as well as group and task characteristics. The discussion integrates these findings with SL theory to discuss implications for the management of SFD projects in this context, and recommends integrated forms of leadership that combine shared and servant leadership approaches.}, number={2}, journal={JOURNAL OF SPORT MANAGEMENT}, author={Jones, Gareth J. and Wegner, Christine E. and Bunds, Kyle S. and Edwards, Michael B. and Bocarro, Jason N.}, year={2018}, month={Mar}, pages={82–95} }
 @article{duerden_edwards_goates_dyer_2018, title={Examining the impact and influence of the leisure science literature}, volume={21}, ISSN={["2159-6816"]}, DOI={10.1080/11745398.2017.1387799}, abstractNote={ABSTRACT This study explored the impact and influence of the leisure sciences literature through an analysis of highly cited articles. Discriminant function analysis identified whether articles had more exclusive impact inside or outside the field. Research themes and methodologies were examined based on these classifications. Results indicate articles with the greatest impact within the leisure literature tended to be quantitative studies drawing upon survey data and non-experimental designs focused on general leisure and outdoor/forest recreation. Articles with the greatest impact outside the leisure literature were more recent and focused on place attachment, psychological motivation, or community parks and recreation and used quasi-experimental design or measurement development approaches. Based on this study’s findings, to increase the interdisciplinary relevance of the leisure science literature more theoretically framed studies employing quasi-experimental or measurement development approaches focusing on specific topics (e.g. place attachment) and populations (e.g. minorities, youth) are needed.}, number={2}, journal={ANNALS OF LEISURE RESEARCH}, author={Duerden, Mat D. and Edwards, Michael B. and Goates, Michael C. and Dyer, Justin}, year={2018}, pages={215–226} }
 @article{jones_edwards_bocarro_bunds_smith_2018, title={Leveraging community sport organizations to promote community capacity: Strategic outcomes, challenges, and theoretical considerations}, volume={21}, ISSN={["1441-3523"]}, DOI={10.1016/j.smr.2017.07.006}, abstractNote={Highlights• Provides an empirical investigation of community capacity building through sport.• Strategies were effective at building local skills, knowledge, and social relations.• Redundant social ties hindered several community capacity building strategies.• Limited organizational capacity influenced ability to promote community capacity.}, number={3}, journal={SPORT MANAGEMENT REVIEW}, author={Jones, Gareth J. and Edwards, Michael B. and Bocarro, Jason N. and Bunds, Kyle S. and Smith, Jordan W.}, year={2018}, month={Jun}, pages={279–292} }
 @article{brittain_bocarro_edwards_2018, title={The impact of sport and physical activity as a rehabilitation tool upon Invictus Games Competitors}, volume={15}, number={Supplement 1}, journal={Journal of Physical Activity & Health}, author={Brittain, I. and Bocarro, J. and Edwards, M.B.}, year={2018}, month={Oct}, pages={S48–S49} }
 @inbook{jones_edwards_passenger_2017, place={New York}, series={Routledge advances in event research}, title={"Lead Up and Legacy": a case study of the 2015 Rugby World Cup}, ISBN={9781315558981}, booktitle={Legacies and Mega Events: Fact or Fairy Tales?}, publisher={Routledge}, author={Jones, G. and Edwards, M.B. and Passenger, N.}, editor={Brittain, I. and Bocarro, J. and Byers, T. and Swart, K.Editors}, year={2017}, pages={199–209}, collection={Routledge advances in event research} }
 @article{jones_edwards_bocarro_bunds_smith_2017, title={A structural perspective of cross-sector partnerships involving youth sport nonprofit organizations}, volume={18}, ISSN={1618-4742 1746-031X}, url={http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/16184742.2017.1322625}, DOI={10.1080/16184742.2017.1322625}, abstractNote={ABSTRACT Research question: Reductions in public funding for sport and recreation programs have created a vacuum in services that has increasingly been filled by nonprofit organizations. However, nonprofits often lack the organizational capacity to efficiently and sustainably deliver sport and recreation programs to the public. Cross-sector partnerships have been highlighted as an effective strategy to build organizational capacity, yet are currently underutilized by youth sport nonprofit organizations. While previous research has focused on functional characteristics of these partnerships, very few studies have examined their broader structural characteristics. Research methods: This study utilized structured interviews to collect quantitative network data from youth sport nonprofits registered in a large Southeastern US city (n = 32) to understand how cross-sector partnerships have been used to build organizational capacity. Using social network analysis, the study uncovers the size and composition of the network, identifies key external actors and industry sectors, and examines the network’s underlying balance and stability. Results and findings: Results indicate wide variation in the utilization and composition of partnerships, and an unbalanced structure that may influence their functional characteristics. Implications: The discussion provides empirically grounded recommendations to improve these structural characteristics and help youth sport managers effectively utilize cross-sector partnerships.}, number={2}, journal={European Sport Management Quarterly}, publisher={Informa UK Limited}, author={Jones, Gareth J. and Edwards, Michael B. and Bocarro, Jason N. and Bunds, Kyle S. and Smith, Jordan W.}, year={2017}, month={Jul}, pages={133–155} }
 @article{jones_edwards_bocarro_bunds_smith_2017, title={An integrative review of sport-based youth development literature}, volume={20}, ISSN={["1743-0445"]}, DOI={10.1080/17430437.2015.1124569}, abstractNote={Abstract Sport is frequently regarded as an effectual mechanism for promoting positive youth development (PYD). However, this connection is not inherent, and depends upon a variety of programmatic and contextual factors. To help elucidate these linkages, scholars have called for more process-based approaches to programme evaluation and research. This paper contributes to that agenda by presenting the results of a systematic integrative review of the empirical sport-based PYD literature. Using a theory of change to guide coding and analysis, these findings demonstrate how various aspects of the change process (i.e. resources/inputs, outcomes, impacts) have been integrated into empirical research. In addition to identifying trends and gaps in the literature, the authors use this information to provide informed recommendations for future research in the area of sport-based PYD.}, number={1}, journal={SPORT IN SOCIETY}, author={Jones, Gareth J. and Edwards, Michael B. and Bocarro, Jason N. and Bunds, Kyle S. and Smith, Jordan W.}, year={2017}, month={Jan}, pages={161–179} }
 @article{jones_edwards_bocarro_bunds_smith_2017, title={Collaborative Advantages: The Role of Interorganizational Partnerships for Youth Sport Nonprofit Organizations}, volume={31}, ISSN={["1543-270X"]}, DOI={10.1123/jsm.2016-0118}, abstractNote={Interorganizational partnerships have been used by nonprofits in a variety of industries to build organizational capacity, yet they are currently underutilized by many youth sport nonprofit organizations. While previous research has highlighted key features of dyadic relationships that inhibit the development and maintenance of partnerships, there has been less attention to the influence of broader or complete networks. This study examined key structural properties of a youth sport nonprofit network in one municipality to determine how interorganizational partnerships were used to build organizational capacity. Whole network analysis was used to study partnerships between youth sport nonprofits and analyze the configuration and structural features of the network. Results indicated a fragmented network of youth sport nonprofit organizations, with the majority of organizations operating independently of one another, and the network itself characterized by unbalanced ties. The discussion highlights how this network structure influences organizational action and contributes to relational issues often observed at the dyadic level. The introduction of a third-party brokerage organization is discussed as a potentially useful strategy for improving this network structure.}, number={2}, journal={JOURNAL OF SPORT MANAGEMENT}, author={Jones, Gareth J. and Edwards, Mike and Bocarro, Jason N. and Bunds, Kyle S. and Smith, Jordan W.}, year={2017}, month={Mar}, pages={148–160} }
 @article{hardison-moody_edwards_bocarro_stein_kanters_sherman_rhew_stallings_bowen_2017, title={Shared Use of Physical Activity Facilities Among North Carolina Faith Communities, 2013}, volume={14}, ISSN={["1545-1151"]}, DOI={10.5888/pcd14.160393}, abstractNote={Introduction Shared use of recreational facilities is a promising strategy for increasing access to places for physical activity. Little is known about shared use in faith-based settings. This study examined shared use practices and barriers in faith communities in North Carolina. Methods Faith communities in North Carolina (n = 234) completed an online survey (October–December 2013) designed to provide information about the extent and nature of shared use of recreational facilities. We used binary logistic regression to examine differences between congregations that shared use and those that did not share use. Results Most of the faith communities (82.9%) that completed the survey indicated that they share their facilities with outside individuals and organizations. Formal agreements were more common when faith communities shared indoor spaces such as gymnasiums and classroom meeting spaces than when they shared outdoor spaces such as playgrounds or athletic fields. Faith communities in the wealthiest counties were more likely to share their spaces than were faith communities in poorer counties. Faith communities in counties with the best health rankings were more likely to share facilities than faith communities in counties that had lower health rankings. The most frequently cited reasons faith communities did not share their facilities were that they did not know how to initiate the process of sharing their facilities or that no outside groups had ever asked. Conclusion Most faith communities shared their facilities for physical activity. Research is needed on the relationship between shared use and physical activity levels, including the effect of formalizing shared-use policies.}, number={E11}, journal={Preventing Chronic Disease}, author={Hardison-Moody, A. and Edwards, M.B. and Bocarro, J.N. and Stein, A. and Kanters, M.A. and Sherman, D. and Rhew, L.K. and Stallings, W.M. and Bowen, S.K.}, year={2017} }
 @article{carlton_kanters_bocarro_floyd_edwards_suau_2017, title={Shared use agreements and leisure time physical activity in North Carolina public schools}, volume={95}, ISSN={0091-7435}, url={http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ypmed.2016.08.037}, DOI={10.1016/j.ypmed.2016.08.037}, abstractNote={Although increasing community access to public schools through shared use agreements (SUAs) has been a recommended strategy for promoting physical activity (PA) among national, state and local organizations, empirical evidence examining the efficacy of SUAs is limited. This study examined the degree of usage and production of PA among schools with shared use, and how variation in PA output is related to characteristics of the school, type of activity, facility type, and when activity occurs. Data were collected in 20 schools across North Carolina using System for Observing Play and Recreation in Communities (SOPARC) and Structured Physical Activity Surveys (SPAS) to assess PA in school athletic facilities during out of school time. Findings indicated that although schools had a policy of shared or open use, most facilities were empty during non-school hours. Hierarchal linear regression models also showed that formal programming was positively associated with both use and PA levels. Given the abundance of empty facilities, community groups in need of space to facilitate structured PA programs should pursue avenues of sharing facilities with public schools. Furthermore, to increase the efficacy of shared use, structured physical activity programs may be needed. Future studies are encouraged to further explore the effects of the specific types of shared use programs on PA production as well other aspects of the built environment surrounding schools.}, journal={Preventive Medicine}, publisher={Elsevier BV}, author={Carlton, Troy A. and Kanters, Michael A. and Bocarro, Jason N. and Floyd, Myron F. and Edwards, Michael B. and Suau, Luis J.}, year={2017}, month={Feb}, pages={S10–S16} }
 @inbook{matarrita-cascante_edwards_2016, place={State College, Pennsylvania}, title={Community Capacity}, booktitle={Community Development: Applications for Leisure, Sport, and Tourism}, publisher={Venture Publishing}, author={Matarrita-Cascante, D. and Edwards, M.B.}, editor={Sharpe, E. and Mair, H. and Yuen, F.Editors}, year={2016} }
 @article{schultz_layton_edwards_bacarro_moore_tepperberg_bality_floyd_2016, title={Potential Measures for Linking Park and Trail Systems to Public Health}, volume={34}, ISSN={2160-6862}, url={http://dx.doi.org/10.18666/jpra-2016-v34-i1-7143}, DOI={10.18666/jpra-2016-v34-i1-7143}, abstractNote={Executive Summary: The connection between the outdoor environment and general well-being has been intuitively recognized for centuries. Recent research has built a body of knowledge supporting the role of parks and trails in public health regarding physical, mental, social and ecological health domains. However, different populations and communities use parks and trails in varying ways and to different degrees. Understanding these differences can play an important role in guiding systematic park and trail system planning for maximizing beneficial health outcomes. In light of this, a collaborative process involving the National Park Service (NPS) Rivers, Trails, and Conservation Assistance Program (RTCA) and North Carolina State University (NCSU), with support from the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC), was used to identify potential health measures associated with public parks and trails that could be used for future surveillance, advocacy, and planning. This literature review is the initial step in the process of recommending measures that are both valid and feasible for practitioner and planning use. A systematic strategy was utilized to search for studies that incorporated measures of health or well-being related to parks and trail system planning. A total of 37 study measures were identified that focused on one of five health categories: physical, psychological, social, ecosystem services, and the built environment. Current practices for allocating parks and trails in the planning process are not based on empirical evidence and may or may not support the goals of public health and well-being that were a large part of the original impetus for providing public parks and trails. The health problems agencies are trying to address are not going away, and may be exacerbated by new ones as cities continue to grow and change. The intent of this study is to identify validated metrics, which link parks and trails to public health goals. The collection of park and trail data related to these public health outcomes could be used to inform policies, practices, guidelines, and other strategies for the allocation and management of parks and trails. Results from this research have four important implications for professionals and advocates in the fields of parks, recreation, trails, greenways, open space, and health: (1) to help make the case for public health goals related to park and trail system planning; (2) guide practitioners in their efforts to provide health-related recreation opportunities; (3) support community recreation and conservation projects; and (4) encourage more productive conversations among planners, advocates, managers, and researchers.}, number={1}, journal={Journal of Park and Recreation Administration}, publisher={Sagamore Publishing, LLC}, author={Schultz, Courtney L. and Layton, Robby and Edwards, Michael B. and Bacarro, Jason N. and Moore, Roger L. and Tepperberg, Stephanie and Bality, Attila and Floyd, Myron F.}, year={2016}, pages={4–23} }
 @article{meyer_moore_abildso_edwards_gamble_baskin_2016, title={Rural Active Living: A Call to Action}, volume={22}, ISSN={["1550-5022"]}, DOI={10.1097/phh.0000000000000333}, abstractNote={Rural residents are less physically active than their urban counterparts and disproportionately affected by chronic diseases and conditions associated with insufficient activity. While the ecological model has been successful in promoting and translating active living research in urban settings, relatively little research has been conducted in rural settings. The resulting research gap prohibits a comprehensive understanding and application of solutions for active living in rural America. Therefore, the purpose of this article was to assess the evidence base for an ecological model of active living for rural populations and outline key scientific gaps that inhibit the development and application of solutions. Specifically, we reexamined the 4 domains conceptualized by the model and suggest that there is a dearth of research specific to rural communities across all areas of the framework. Considering the limited rural-specific efforts, we propose areas that need addressing to mobilize rural active living researchers and practitioners into action.}, number={5}, journal={JOURNAL OF PUBLIC HEALTH MANAGEMENT AND PRACTICE}, author={Meyer, M. Renee Umstattd and Moore, Justin B. and Abildso, Christiaan and Edwards, Michael B. and Gamble, Abigail and Baskin, Monica L.}, year={2016}, pages={E11–E20} }
 @article{bush_edwards_jones_hook_armstrong_2016, title={Service Learning For Social Change: Raising Social Consciousness Among Sport Management Students}, volume={10}, ISSN={1938-6974 2163-2367}, url={http://dx.doi.org/10.1123/smej.2015-0008}, DOI={10.1123/smej.2015-0008}, abstractNote={Recently, scholars of sport management have called for more research aimed at understanding how sport can be leveraged for social change. This interest has contributed to a burgeoning paradigm of sport management research and practice developed around using sport as a catalyst for broader human and community development. In order for sport practitioners to successfully develop, implement, and sustain these programs, integration of development-based theory and concepts are needed in sport management curricula. Service learning is one pedagogical approach for achieving this objective, and is well suited for promoting social change practices among students. This study assesses how participation in a sport-for-development (SFD) service learning project impacted the social consciousness and critical perspectives of sport management students. Results suggest the experience raised student’s awareness of community issues, developed a more holistic perspective on the role of service, and influenced their future careers.}, number={2}, journal={Sport Management Education Journal}, publisher={Human Kinetics}, author={Bush, Kimberly A. and Edwards, Michael B. and Jones, Gareth J. and Hook, Jessica L. and Armstrong, Michael L.}, year={2016}, month={Oct}, pages={127–139} }
 @inbook{bocarro_edwards_2016, title={Sport Participation}, ISBN={9781446282199 9781473919761}, url={http://dx.doi.org/10.4135/9781473919761.n16}, DOI={10.4135/9781473919761.n16}, booktitle={Contemporary Issues in Sport Management: A Critical Introduction}, publisher={SAGE Publications Ltd}, author={Bocarro, Jason and Edwards, Michael}, year={2016}, pages={203–216} }
 @article{jones_bunds_carlton_edwards_bocarro_2016, title={The salience of sport in cross-race friendship selection}, volume={2}, ISSN={2372-8078}, url={http://dx.doi.org/10.17161/jas.v2i1.5020}, DOI={10.17161/jas.v2i1.5020}, abstractNote={In response to growing racial concerns, stakeholders have called for programs that facilitate positive cross-race interactions. Adolescence has been targeted as the most effective life stage to initiate programs promoting relationships. Since schools are one of the primary social influences on adolescent development, they have been emphasized as a particularly important setting for promoting intergroup contact. Sport plays an important role in the experiences of students, and contributes to intergroup relations within a school. The purpose of this study is to examine the unique effect of sport participation on cross-race friendship selection. Using data from Wave I of The National Longitudinal Study of Adolescent Health (Add Health), mixed-effects regression models and analysis of variance (ANOVA) were used to assess the effects of sport participation on friendship heterogeneity. Overall, participation in sport activities did not significantly influence the racial heterogeneity of adolescent’s friendship networks.}, number={1}, journal={Journal of Amateur Sport}, publisher={The University of Kansas}, author={Jones, Gareth and Bunds, Kyle S. and Carlton, Troy A. and Edwards, Michael B. and Bocarro, Jason N.}, year={2016}, month={Feb}, pages={73} }
 @inbook{bocarro_edwards_2015, place={State College, Pennsylvania}, title={Leisure, Health, and Physical Activity}, booktitle={Leisure Matters: The State and Future of Leisure Studies}, publisher={Venture Publishing}, author={Bocarro, J.N. and Edwards, M.B.}, editor={Walker, G. and Scott, D. and Stodolska, M.Editors}, year={2015} }
 @article{duerden_edwards_lizzo_2015, title={Participant impact of the conservation corps experience}, volume={7}, ISSN={1948-5123}, url={http://dx.doi.org/10.7768/1948-5123.1248}, DOI={10.7768/1948-5123.1248}, abstractNote={This study examined the impact of conservation corps experiences on participants. Based upon existing gaps in the conservation corps literature and drawing from research on other comparable programs, this study addressed the following research questions: did involvement in a conservation corps program increase participants' (a) intention to pursue natural resource management related careers or education, (b) positive attitudes towards public lands, and (c) environmental activism? A quasi-experimental design was used to answer these questions. The participant group for the study came from 10 different Public Lands Service Coalition corps in the Western United States during the 2011 season. The comparison group was recruited from an online panel drawn from the same states as the participating PLSC organizations. ANCOVA results revealed that participants experienced positive growth in relation to the comparisons over the course of their involvement in the program.}, number={1}, journal={Journal of Outdoor Recreation, Education, and Leadership}, publisher={Sagamore Publishing, LLC}, author={Duerden, Mat D and Edwards, Michael B and Lizzo, Robin}, year={2015}, month={Mar}, pages={35–47} }
 @article{bocarro_floyd_smith_edwards_schultz_baran_moore_cosco_suau_2015, title={Social and Environmental Factors Related to Boys’ and Girls’ Park-Based Physical Activity}, volume={12}, ISSN={1545-1151}, url={http://dx.doi.org/10.5888/pcd12.140532}, DOI={10.5888/pcd12.140532}, abstractNote={Introduction Parks provide opportunities for physical activity for children. This study examined sex differences in correlates of park-based physical activity because differences may indicate that a standard environmental intervention to increase activity among children may not equally benefit boys and girls. Methods The System for Observation Play and Recreation in Communities was used to measure physical activity among 2,712 children and adolescents in 20 neighborhood parks in Durham, North Carolina, in 2007. Sedentary activity, walking, vigorous park activity, and energy expenditure were the primary outcome variables. Hierarchical logit regression models of physical activity were estimated separately for boys and girls. Results Type of activity area and presence of other active children were positively associated with boys’ and girls’ physical activity, and presence of a parent was negatively associated. A significant interaction involving number of recreation facilities in combination with formal activities was positively associated with girls’ activity. A significant interaction involving formal park activity and young boys (aged 0–5 y) was negatively associated with park-based physical activity. Conclusion Activity area and social correlates of park-based physical activity were similar for boys and girls; findings for formal park programming, age, and number of facilities were mixed. Results show that girls’ physical activity was more strongly affected by social effects (eg, presence of other active children) whereas boys’ physical activity was more strongly influenced by the availability of park facilities. These results can inform park planning and design. Additional studies are necessary to clarify sex differences in correlates of park-based physical activity.}, number={E97}, journal={Preventing Chronic Disease}, publisher={Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC)}, author={Bocarro, Jason N. and Floyd, Myron F. and Smith, William R. and Edwards, Michael B. and Schultz, Courtney L. and Baran, Perver and Moore, Robin A. and Cosco, Nilda and Suau, Luis J.}, year={2015}, month={Jun} }
 @misc{edwards_2015, title={The role of sport in community capacity building: An examination of sport for development research and practice}, volume={18}, ISSN={["1441-3523"]}, DOI={10.1016/j.smr.2013.08.008}, abstractNote={Highlights• SFD builds capacity via social interaction, skill building, and empowerment.• SFD may be less effective developing shared values and critical learning cultures.• There is a need for evidence of capacity building outcomes in North America.• Sport practitioners need grounding in developmental components of SFD programs.• Participatory action research may better promote capacity building through SFD.}, number={1}, journal={SPORT MANAGEMENT REVIEW}, author={Edwards, Michael B.}, year={2015}, month={Feb}, pages={6–19} }
 @article{kanters_mckenzie_edwards_bocarro_mahar_martel_hodge_2015, title={Youth sport practice model gets more kids active with more time practicing skills}, volume={28}, number={2}, journal={Retos}, author={Kanters, M.A. and McKenzie, T.L. and Edwards, M.B. and Bocarro, J.N. and Mahar, M.T. and Martel, K. and Hodge, C.}, year={2015}, pages={173–177} }
 @book{edwards_duerden_theriault_jones_2014, place={Raleigh, NC}, title={Ecosystem impacts related to conservation corps activities}, institution={Conservation Legacy and the Corps Network}, author={Edwards, M.B. and Duerden, M. and Theriault, D. and Jones, G.}, year={2014} }
 @article{kanters_edwards_mckenzie_lounsbery_carlton_2014, title={How overweight and obese are high school football players in the United States?}, volume={11}, number={Supp 1}, journal={Journal of Physical Activity and Health}, author={Kanters, M.A. and Edwards, M.B. and McKenzie, T.L. and Lounsbery, M. and Carlton, T.}, year={2014}, pages={S160} }
 @article{edwards_kanters_bocarro_2014, title={Policy Changes to Implement Intramural Sports in North Carolina Middle Schools: Simulated Effects on Sports Participation Rates and Physical Activity Intensity, 2008–2009}, volume={11}, ISSN={1545-1151}, url={http://dx.doi.org/10.5888/pcd11.130195}, DOI={10.5888/pcd11.130195}, abstractNote={Introduction Extracurricular school sports programs can provide adolescents, including those who are economically disadvantaged, with opportunities to engage in physical activity. Although current models favor more exclusionary interscholastic sports, a better understanding is needed of the potential effects of providing alternative school sports options, such as more inclusive intramural sports. The purpose of this study was to simulate the potential effect of implementing intramural sports programs in North Carolina middle schools on both the rates of sports participation and on energy expenditure related to physical activity levels. Methods Simulations were conducted by using a school-level data set developed by integrating data from multiple sources. Baseline rates of sports participation were extrapolated from individual-level data that were based on school-level characteristics. A regression model was estimated by using the simulated baseline school-level sample. Participation rates and related energy expenditure for schools were calculated on the basis of 2 policy change scenarios. Results Currently, 37.2% of school sports participants are economically disadvantaged. Simulations suggested that policy changes to implement intramural sports along with interscholastic sports could result in more than 43,000 new sports participants statewide, of which 64.5% would be economically disadvantaged students. This estimate represents a 36.75% increase in economically disadvantaged participants. Adding intramural sports to existing interscholastic sports programs at all middle schools in North Carolina could have an annual effect of an additional 819,892.65 kilogram calories expended statewide. Conclusion Implementing intramural sports may provide economically disadvantaged students more access to sports, thus reducing disparities in access to school sports while increasing overall physical activity levels among all children.}, journal={Preventing Chronic Disease}, publisher={Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC)}, author={Edwards, Michael B. and Kanters, Michael A. and Bocarro, Jason N.}, year={2014}, month={Jan} }
 @article{bocarro_kanters_edwards_casper_mckenzie_2014, title={Prioritizing School Intramural and Interscholastic Programs Based on Observed Physical Activity}, volume={28}, ISSN={["2168-6602"]}, DOI={10.4278/ajhp.130430-quan-205}, abstractNote={Purpose. To examine which school sports engage children in more physical activity. }, number={3}, journal={AMERICAN JOURNAL OF HEALTH PROMOTION}, author={Bocarro, Jason N. and Kanters, Michael A. and Edwards, Michael B. and Casper, Jonathan M. and McKenzie, Thomas L.}, year={2014}, pages={S65–S71} }
 @article{edwards_theriault_shores_melton_2014, title={Promoting Youth Physical Activity in Rural Southern Communities: Practitioner Perceptions of Environmental Opportunities and Barriers}, volume={30}, ISSN={["1748-0361"]}, DOI={10.1111/jrh.12072}, abstractNote={Abstract}, number={4}, journal={JOURNAL OF RURAL HEALTH}, author={Edwards, Michael B. and Theriault, Daniel S. and Shores, Kindal A. and Melton, Karen M.}, year={2014}, pages={379–387} }
 @article{kanters_bocarro_filardo_edwards_mckenzie_floyd_2014, title={Shared Use of School Facilities With Community Organizations and Afterschool Physical Activity Program Participation: A Cost-Benefit Assessment}, volume={84}, ISSN={0022-4391}, url={http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/josh.12148}, DOI={10.1111/josh.12148}, abstractNote={ABSTRACT}, number={5}, journal={Journal of School Health}, publisher={Wiley}, author={Kanters, Michael A. and Bocarro, Jason N. and Filardo, Mary and Edwards, Michael B. and McKenzie, Thomas L. and Floyd, Myron F.}, year={2014}, month={Apr}, pages={302–309} }
 @article{lee_dunlap_edwards_2014, title={The Implication of Bourdieu's Theory of Practice for Leisure Studies}, volume={36}, ISSN={0149-0400 1521-0588}, url={http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/01490400.2013.857622}, DOI={10.1080/01490400.2013.857622}, abstractNote={The purpose of this article is to illustrate the effectiveness of Pierre Bourdieu's sociological theory and encourage more holistic use of his concepts of habitus, capital, field, and symbolic violence in leisure research. We briefly review the manner in which leisure researchers have utilized Bourdieu's work. Second, we apply Bourdieu's notions of habitus, capital, field, and symbolic violence to understand inequitable participation in hunting activities in American society. We conclude by offering recent issues in recreational hunting and recommendations for practitioners based on interpretations of Bourdieu's concepts.}, number={3}, journal={Leisure Sciences}, publisher={Informa UK Limited}, author={Lee, Kangjae Jerry and Dunlap, Rudy and Edwards, Michael B.}, year={2014}, month={May}, pages={314–323} }
 @article{matarrita-cascante_edwards_outley_clark_wu_2014, title={The Role of Community Nurture in Adolescent Interest in College Attendance}, volume={54}, ISSN={1054-139X}, url={http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jadohealth.2013.10.054}, DOI={10.1016/j.jadohealth.2013.10.054}, abstractNote={In January 2010, the Department of State Health Services (DSHS) began the Texas Healthy Adolescent Initiative (THAI) in six communities across Texas. THAI is a population-based initiative to improve the overall health and well-being of Texas adolescents, and to prepare them for adult life. This study examined the project in one THAI site, the community of Harlandale in San Antonio, Texas. The Harlandale community is a low-income, predominantly Hispanic community in which attendance to college has historically not been a priority for families and adolescents. This study focused in understanding the role that the Harlandale community, particularly through their local leadership group, Familias en Acción, has played in promoting interest in attending college and admission success. This study used a mixed-methods approach to explore the role of community in enhancing student interest in higher education and increasing the efficacy of parents to support student transition to college. Data were collected through researcher observations, analysis of site documents (e.g., monthly reports, meeting minutes, and agendas), interviews and focus groups with community stakeholders, and surveys to youth participants and parents. Familias en Acción's greatest community impacts were facilitating parental involvement in the educational process, and strengthening community capacity, particularly among parents and youth. Through the THAI project, members of the Harlandale community, particularly parents, developed feelings of empowerment, competence, and readiness to address local issues facing youth. This was achieved, in party, through increasing parental confidence in navigating educational systems and reducing anxiety about financial and social barriers to higher education. Community impact was supported by the use of community-based participatory research approaches, a strong organizational structure, incentives for community participation, the ability to leverage existing community coalitions, and a concentrated geographic focus. Specific challenges to community impact included community conditions (e.g., poverty and gang activity) that were outside the scope of the program's capacity, unsuccessful organizational network building, and lack of physical space to conduct programs and events. The family engagement approach adopted by Familias en Acción was effective in bringing the community together around a specific youth issue in the community. By meeting the basic needs of participating families, working outside of traditional organizational networks, and building the capacity of families to support each other within the community, Familias en Acción nurtured a critical foundation to support community efforts.}, number={2}, journal={Journal of Adolescent Health}, publisher={Elsevier BV}, author={Matarrita-Cascante, David and Edwards, Mike and Outley, Corliss Wilson and Clark, Heather R. and Wu, Yiju}, year={2014}, month={Feb}, pages={S20} }
 @article{edwards_duerden_lizzo_campbell_kamper_2014, title={Youth Time Outside A Comparison of Time Use Methodologies}, volume={46}, ISSN={["2159-6417"]}, DOI={10.1080/00222216.2014.11950346}, abstractNote={Abstract Significant public attention has been given to the perceived lack of youth time spent outside. Diverse approaches make it difficult to develop consensus around youth time-use patterns and guide efforts to get kids outside. The purpose of this study was to compare results of a 7-day time diary used to document adolescent outdoor time with results from other time-use methodologies. Seventh graders (N=43) were selected to complete week-long time-use diaries and recall surveys. Time diary estimates were compared to an online survey, a simulated two-day time diary, and a simulated experience sampling. Results suggested that differences existed between time outside recorded in time diaries and recall survey. Using two days of diary data or experience sampling was more comparable.}, number={5}, journal={JOURNAL OF LEISURE RESEARCH}, author={Edwards, Michael B. and Duerden, Mat D. and Lizzo, Robin D. and Campbell, Katherine S. and Kamper, Lauren M.}, year={2014}, pages={635–643} }
 @article{luckey_murphrey_cummins_edwards_2013, title={Assessing youth perceptions and knowledge of agriculture: The impact of participating in an AgVenture program}, volume={51}, url={https://archives.joe.org/joe/2013june/rb3.php}, number={3}, journal={Journal of Extension}, author={Luckey, A.N. and Murphrey, T.P. and Cummins, R.L. and Edwards, M.B.}, year={2013} }
 @book{theriault_edwards_2013, place={College Station, TX}, title={Best practices for structuring successful strategic alliances}, number={28}, institution={Youth Development Initiative, Texas A&M AgriLife Extension Service}, author={Theriault, D. and Edwards, M.B.}, year={2013} }
 @article{edwards_cunningham_2013, title={Examining the Associations of Perceived Community Racism With Self-Reported Physical Activity Levels and Health Among Older Racial Minority Adults}, volume={10}, ISSN={1543-3080 1543-5474}, url={http://dx.doi.org/10.1123/jpah.10.7.932}, DOI={10.1123/jpah.10.7.932}, abstractNote={Background:Racial health disparities are more pronounced among older adults. Few studies have examined how racism influences health behaviors. This study’s purpose was to examine how opportunities for physical activity (PA) and community racism are associated with older racial minorities’ reported engagement in PA. We also investigated how PA levels influenced health.}, number={7}, journal={Journal of Physical Activity and Health}, publisher={Human Kinetics}, author={Edwards, Michael B. and Cunningham, George}, year={2013}, month={Sep}, pages={932–939} }
 @article{pitts_edwards_moore_shores_dubose_mcgranahan_2013, title={Obesity Is Inversely Associated With Natural Amenities and Recreation Facilities Per Capita}, volume={10}, ISSN={1543-3080 1543-5474}, url={http://dx.doi.org/10.1123/jpah.10.7.1032}, DOI={10.1123/jpah.10.7.1032}, abstractNote={Background:Little is known about the associations between natural amenities, recreation facility density, and obesity, at a national level. Therefore, the purpose of this paper was to examine associations between county-level natural amenities, density of recreation facilities, and obesity prevalence among United States counties.}, number={7}, journal={Journal of Physical Activity and Health}, publisher={Human Kinetics}, author={Pitts, Stephanie B. Jilcott and Edwards, Michael B. and Moore, Justin B. and Shores, Kindal A. and DuBose, Katrina Drowatzky and McGranahan, David}, year={2013}, month={Sep}, pages={1032–1038} }
 @book{theriault_edwards_2013, place={College Station, TX}, title={Promoting physical activity in youth development programs.}, number={27}, institution={Youth Development Initiative, Texas A&M AgriLife Extension Service}, author={Theriault, D. and Edwards, M.B.}, year={2013} }
 @article{bryant_outley_edwards_2013, title={Social Justice and Civic Engagement through Participation in a Youth Health Leadership Program}, volume={8}, ISSN={2325-4017 2325-4009}, url={http://dx.doi.org/10.5195/jyd.2013.97}, DOI={10.5195/jyd.2013.97}, abstractNote={This program brief examines the impact of a community-based health leadership program on youth participants’ perceptions of citizenship in the context of social justice for community-level policy changes to promote physical activity. Youth participants completed journal entries and interviews. Results suggest citizenship developed as participants considered issues of social justice through exposure to new environments and experiences. However, youth struggled with issues of adultism and relating social injustices to their role as citizens.}, number={2}, journal={Journal of Youth Development}, publisher={University Library System, University of Pittsburgh}, author={Bryant, Marie J. and Outley, Corliss and Edwards, Michael B.}, year={2013}, month={Jun}, pages={76–83} }
 @book{campbell_edwards_2012, place={College Station, TX}, title={Building capacity for youth development in rural areas}, number={20}, institution={Youth Development Initiative, Texas A&M AgriLife Extension Service}, author={Campbell, K.S. and Edwards, M.B.}, year={2012} }
 @article{edwards_bocarro_kanters_2012, title={Place Disparities in Supportive Environments for Extracurricular Physical Activity in North Carolina Middle Schools}, volume={45}, ISSN={0044-118X 1552-8499}, url={http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0044118x11416677}, DOI={10.1177/0044118x11416677}, abstractNote={ Disadvantaged rural youth may be especially at risk for obesity and poorer health due to physical inactivity. Research suggests that extracurricular school programs can increase physical activity for this population. This study sought to determine whether local differences existed in the availability of supportive environments for extracurricular physical activity in North Carolina middle schools. Multiple data sources, including a self-administered questionnaire to personnel at 325 schools were integrated. Multilevel models were estimated using a composite index for supportive environments as the dependent variable and school compositional factors, economic resources, and community social factors as explanatory variables. Study findings suggested adolescents living in socioeconomically deprived rural areas had fewer environmental resources for extracurricular physical activity. Rural schools in poor areas of the state with high racial heterogeneity demonstrated the lowest environmental support. Reduced availability of supportive school environments may be one factor contributing to physical inactivity in the state. }, number={2}, journal={Youth & Society}, publisher={SAGE Publications}, author={Edwards, Michael B. and Bocarro, Jason N. and Kanters, Michael A.}, year={2012}, month={May}, pages={265–285} }
 @article{kanters_bocarro_edwards_casper_floyd_2012, title={School Sport Participation Under Two School Sport Policies: Comparisons by Race/Ethnicity, Gender, and Socioeconomic Status}, volume={45}, ISSN={0883-6612 1532-4796}, url={http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s12160-012-9413-2}, DOI={10.1007/s12160-012-9413-2}, abstractNote={School-based extracurricular sport remains an effective strategy to increase physical activity. However, school sport is often limited to a small number of elite athletes. Few schools provide more inclusive sport programs that offer a wider array of activities regardless of ability. The aim of this study was to examine school sport participation in middle schools (ages 11–14) with contrasting school sport delivery strategies (intramural vs. interscholastic). Data were obtained through an online survey administered to students at four public middle schools (grades 6–8) in a southeastern US city (n = 2,582). More students participated in school sports at intramural schools. Boys were more likely to participate in after-school sports at intramural schools. Low-income and Black children, two groups at greater risk of physical inactivity and other negative outcomes, had greater participation in intramural programs. After-school intramural sports in middle school is a promising strategy for increasing sport participation.}, number={S1}, journal={Annals of Behavioral Medicine}, publisher={Oxford University Press (OUP)}, author={Kanters, Michael A. and Bocarro, Jason N. and Edwards, Michael B. and Casper, Jonathan M. and Floyd, Myron F.}, year={2012}, month={Sep}, pages={113–121} }
 @inbook{edwards_casper_2012, place={College Station, Texas}, edition={2nd}, title={Sport and Health}, booktitle={Sociology of Sport and Physical Activity}, publisher={Center for Sport Management Research and Education}, author={Edwards, M.B. and Casper, J}, editor={Cunningham, G.B. and Singer, J.N.Editors}, year={2012} }
 @article{edwards_miller_blackburn_2011, title={After-School Programs for Health Promotion in Rural Communities}, volume={17}, ISSN={1078-4659}, url={http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/phh.0b013e318207ce3a}, DOI={10.1097/phh.0b013e318207ce3a}, abstractNote={Rural youth have a higher risk for lower health and developmental outcomes, often facing numerous constraints (eg, poor socioeconomic conditions, lower levels of social support, fewer recreational programs and facilities, and inadequate transportation). After-school programs have the potential to effectively deliver health-promoting activities but often face significant challenges in these areas. Ashe County is a rural community in the Appalachian region of North Carolina. Ashe County is economically depressed and its youth population has many poor health and developmental indicators. However, with more than 20 years of sustained activity, one important community resource trying to address disparities in youth health and development is the Ashe County 4-H After-School Program. To successfully overcome inherent challenges, the program has positioned itself as essential to community development, supported and retained qualified personnel, and cultivated a network of key partners to continue its efforts to provide essential youth programs for this rural community.}, number={3}, journal={Journal of Public Health Management and Practice}, publisher={Ovid Technologies (Wolters Kluwer Health)}, author={Edwards, Michael B. and Miller, Jennifer L. and Blackburn, Linda}, year={2011}, pages={283–287} }
 @article{edwards_jilcott_floyd_moore_2011, title={County-Level Disparities in Access to Recreational Resources and Associations with Adult Obesity}, volume={29}, number={2}, journal={Journal of Park and Recreation Administration}, author={Edwards, M.B. and Jilcott, S.B. and Floyd, M.F. and Moore, J.B.}, year={2011}, pages={39–54} }
 @article{edwards_kanters_bocarro_2011, title={Opportunities for Extracurricular Physical Activity in North Carolina Middle Schools}, volume={8}, ISSN={1543-3080 1543-5474}, url={http://dx.doi.org/10.1123/jpah.8.5.597}, DOI={10.1123/jpah.8.5.597}, abstractNote={Background:This study’s purpose was to assess the opportunities for North Carolina adolescents to be physically active in extracurricular middle school environments and to compare opportunities across community types.}, number={5}, journal={Journal of Physical Activity and Health}, publisher={Human Kinetics}, author={Edwards, Michael B. and Kanters, Michael A. and Bocarro, Jason N.}, year={2011}, month={Jul}, pages={597–605} }
 @article{floyd_bocarro_smith_baran_moore_cosco_edwards_suau_fang_2011, title={Park-Based Physical Activity Among Children and Adolescents}, volume={41}, ISSN={0749-3797}, url={http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.amepre.2011.04.013}, DOI={10.1016/j.amepre.2011.04.013}, abstractNote={Background Availability of parks is associated with higher levels of physical activity among children and adolescents. Few studies examine actual park use and park-based physical activity in these populations. Purpose This study examined associations among individual, park, and neighborhood environmental characteristics and children's and adolescent's park-based physical activity. Methods Data were collected in 2007 on 2712 children in 20 randomly selected parks in Durham NC. The System for Observing Play and Recreation in Communities (SOPARC) provided measures of physical activity. Hierarchic regression analysis assessed associations among individual, park, and neighborhood environmental characteristics and children's park-based physical activity. Data were analyzed in 2010. Results Of the 2712 children observed, 34.2% and 13.2% were engaged in walking or vigorous physical activity. Environmental features of parks were associated with activity levels whereas neighborhood characteristics were not. Physical activity was negatively associated with gender (girls) (p=0.003); presence of a parent (p<0.0001); presence of nonparental adult (p=0.006); and an interaction involving the 0–5 years age group and style of play (p=0.017). Higher level of physical activity was associated with presence of other active children (p<0.0001); courts (e.g., basketball); and an interaction between number of recreation facilities and formal activities (p=0.004). Conclusions These social factors and design features should be considered in order to stimulate higher levels of park-based physical activity among children and adolescents. Availability of parks is associated with higher levels of physical activity among children and adolescents. Few studies examine actual park use and park-based physical activity in these populations. This study examined associations among individual, park, and neighborhood environmental characteristics and children's and adolescent's park-based physical activity. Data were collected in 2007 on 2712 children in 20 randomly selected parks in Durham NC. The System for Observing Play and Recreation in Communities (SOPARC) provided measures of physical activity. Hierarchic regression analysis assessed associations among individual, park, and neighborhood environmental characteristics and children's park-based physical activity. Data were analyzed in 2010. Of the 2712 children observed, 34.2% and 13.2% were engaged in walking or vigorous physical activity. Environmental features of parks were associated with activity levels whereas neighborhood characteristics were not. Physical activity was negatively associated with gender (girls) (p=0.003); presence of a parent (p<0.0001); presence of nonparental adult (p=0.006); and an interaction involving the 0–5 years age group and style of play (p=0.017). Higher level of physical activity was associated with presence of other active children (p<0.0001); courts (e.g., basketball); and an interaction between number of recreation facilities and formal activities (p=0.004). These social factors and design features should be considered in order to stimulate higher levels of park-based physical activity among children and adolescents.}, number={3}, journal={American Journal of Preventive Medicine}, publisher={Elsevier BV}, author={Floyd, Myron F. and Bocarro, Jason N. and Smith, William R. and Baran, Perver K. and Moore, Robin C. and Cosco, Nilda G. and Edwards, Michael B. and Suau, Luis J. and Fang, Kunsheng}, year={2011}, month={Sep}, pages={258–265} }
 @article{edwards_bocarro_kanters_casper_2011, title={Participation in Interscholastic and Intramural Sport Programs in Middle Schools: An Exploratory Investigation of Race and Gender}, volume={35}, ISSN={1558-8661 1558-867X}, url={http://dx.doi.org/10.1123/rsj.35.2.157}, DOI={10.1123/rsj.35.2.157}, abstractNote={ Although school-sponsored extracurricular sport remains one of the most popular and effective ways to increase adolescents' physical activity levels, it is designed to include a small number of a school's elite athletes. Fewer schools offer intramural sports, and little is known about participation in these activities. The purpose of this study is to compare variations in how students participate in interscholastic and intramural school sport programs. Using a sample of seventh and eighth graders in two southeastern middle schools, results indicated that school sport participation levels were higher in intramurals than interscholastic sports for all studied categories of students except for White girls. In addition, students participating in intramural sports played nearly twice as many sports during the school year as students participating in interscholastic sports. Gender and race differences in school sport participation both confirm and contradict previous research and suggest that schools should consider cultural factors when planning sport programs for diverse populations of young people. }, number={2}, journal={Recreational Sports Journal}, publisher={SAGE Publications}, author={Edwards, Michael B. and Bocarro, Jason N. and Kanters, Michael and Casper, Jonathan}, year={2011}, month={Oct}, pages={157–173} }
 @article{edwards_matarrita-cascante_2011, title={Rurality in Leisure Research: A Review of Four Major Journals}, volume={43}, ISSN={0022-2216 2159-6417}, url={http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00222216.2011.11950245}, DOI={10.1080/00222216.2011.11950245}, abstractNote={Abstract Rurality maintains a significant position in the United States' culture and economic system. A key aspect to enhancing rural areas is appropriate research to inform policy and practice. The purpose of this paper was to systematically review leisure and recreation research and summarize how academics in this field conceptualize rural settings and issues. For our sample, we selected four major leisure journals in the U.S. given their leading roles as sources of research and knowledge. We identified 57 articles focusing on U.S. rurality and six topical themes. Findings suggested that future research in this area should consider the context of different rural settings, account for axiological orientations in approaches to rurality, and recognize the complexities and implications of rural measures.}, number={4}, journal={Journal of Leisure Research}, publisher={Informa UK Limited}, author={Edwards, Michael B. and Matarrita-Cascante, David}, year={2011}, month={Dec}, pages={447–474} }
 @book{kanters_bocarro_edwards_2011, place={Raleigh, NC}, title={School Sport Policy Analysis: Examining Policy Changes to Increase the Impact of After-School Sports and Facilities on Physical Activity}, institution={North Carolina State University: IPARC: Investigating Places for Active Recreation in Communities}, author={Kanters, M.A. and Bocarro, J.N. and Edwards, M.B.}, year={2011} }
 @article{edwards_alderman_estes_2010, title={An appraisal of stock car racing's economic and geographic development in North America: NASCAR as flexible accumulation}, volume={8}, ISSN={1475-8962 1740-2808}, url={http://dx.doi.org/10.1504/ijsmm.2010.033955}, DOI={10.1504/ijsmm.2010.033955}, abstractNote={Despite the growing popularity of NASCAR stock car racing throughout North America, it has remained largely ignored in the sport management research literature. This article suggests that unlike other major spectator sports, which formed cartel systems based on the principles of industrial Fordism, NASCAR organised within a capitalist system more characteristic of Harvey's theory of flexible accumulation. Using NASCAR as a case study, we describe its organisation within an ideal type methodology. The unique characteristics of NASCAR include fragmentation of production systems, new dimensions of labour practises, new consumption processes, and geographical manipulation and re-configuration. Because of its economic system, NASCAR is better positioned than other North American sports to break free from geographic constraints and exploit emerging markets. However, approaching NASCAR within the framework of flexible accumulation reveals that the sport may be more vulnerable to future crises than other major North American spectator sports.}, number={1/2}, journal={International Journal of Sport Management and Marketing}, publisher={Inderscience Publishers}, author={Edwards, Michael B. and Alderman, Derek H. and Estes, Steven G.}, year={2010}, pages={160} }
 @article{edwards_peachey_2010, title={Irreconcilable Differences or Vibrant Habitat? An Examination of Sport Management’s Perceived Invasion of Recreation’s Nest}, volume={4}, ISSN={1938-6974 2163-2367}, url={http://dx.doi.org/10.1123/smej.4.1.18}, DOI={10.1123/smej.4.1.18}, abstractNote={Throughout sport management’s history, scholars have wrestled with the discipline’s appropriate home within the academy. Sport management programs are often placed within other departments or schools, with one potential home being established parks and recreation management departments. However, one of the most prevalent issues within the parks and recreation academic field is the perceived invasion of sport management into its “nest.” In a recent article in the field’s leading education journal, a prominent scholar suggests that parks and recreation programs housing sport management run the risk of undermining their mission and may ultimately face extinction. The purpose of this paper, therefore, is to offer a response to this article, and examine the position of sport management within traditional parks and recreation departments. We argue that because of the interrelatedness of the disciplines and shared ontological and epistemological roots, fostering collaboration rather than divisiveness would enhance the scholarship, academic integrity and student learning outcomes of both fields.}, number={1}, journal={Sport Management Education Journal}, publisher={Human Kinetics}, author={Edwards, Michael B. and Peachey, Jon Welty}, year={2010}, month={Oct}, pages={18–30} }
 @article{bocarro_casper_henderson_floyd_moore_kanters_laven_edwards_2009, title={Physical activity promotion in North Carolina: Perceptions of public park and recreation directors}, volume={27}, number={1}, journal={Journal of Park and Recreation Administration}, author={Bocarro, J.N. and Casper, J. and Henderson, K. and Floyd, M.F. and Moore, R. and Kanters, M.A. and Laven, K. and Edwards, M.B.}, year={2009}, pages={1–16} }
 @article{henderson_oakleaf_james_swanson_moore_edwards_hickerson_2008, title={The Experience of Learning/Teaching Qualitative Research Approaches: An Ethnographic Autobiography}, volume={23}, ISSN={1937-156X 2162-4097}, url={http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/1937156x.2008.11949608}, DOI={10.1080/1937156x.2008.11949608}, abstractNote={Abstract The purpose of this paper is to use reflexive methodology to describe the emotions and experiences of doctoral students and a professor who collaboratively conducted a research study using triangulated qualitative research data. The study was the major learning strategy in a doctoral seminar focusing on qualitative research approaches. In using an ethnographic autobiography, the authors were the subjects of their own research. Data were examined from journals kept by the students and the instructor during the semester. Four themes are discussed: learning by risk-taking, learning by doing, learning by working together, and learning by reflection. The value of examining learners' emotions and implications for teaching research methods using experiential learning are addressed.}, number={1}, journal={SCHOLE: A Journal of Leisure Studies and Recreation Education}, publisher={Informa UK Limited}, author={Henderson, Karla and Oakleaf, Linda and James, Penny and Swanson, Jason and Moore, Annette and Edwards, Michael and Hickerson, Benjamin}, year={2008}, month={Apr}, pages={27–41} }
 @article{hickerson_moore_oakleaf_edwards_james_swanson_henderson_2008, title={The role of a senior center in promoting physical activity for older adults}, volume={26}, number={1}, journal={Journal of Park and Recreation Administration}, author={Hickerson, B.D. and Moore, A. and Oakleaf, L. and Edwards, M.B. and James, P.A. and Swanson, J. and Henderson, K.A.}, year={2008}, pages={22–39} }
 @article{lee_scott_floyd_edwards_2001, title={Structural Inequalities in Outdoor Recreation Participation: A Multiple Hierarchy Stratification Perspective}, volume={33}, ISSN={0022-2216 2159-6417}, url={http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00222216.2001.11949953}, DOI={10.1080/00222216.2001.11949953}, abstractNote={The purpose of this study is to empirically test the multiple hierarchy stratification perspective on outdoor recreation participation. Data for this study are from a telephone survey conducted of 3,000 Texas residents in 1998. Logistic regression analyses provided strong support for the multiple hierarchy stratification perspective. The results show that elderly minority females who do not have a college degree, and who do not make more than $20,000 per year occupy the lowest rank in the hierarchy of outdoor recreation participation probability. In contrast, young Anglo males who have a college degree, and who make more than $20,000 per year occupy the highest rank in the hierarchy. The remaining groups fall somewhere in the middle. The results indicate that if equity is to be achieved, outdoor recreation managers and planners must make an effort to find ways to enhance outdoor recreation participation among multiple disadvantaged populations.}, number={4}, journal={Journal of Leisure Research}, publisher={Informa UK Limited}, author={Lee, K. J. and Scott, D. and Floyd, Myron F. and Edwards, Michael}, year={2001}, month={Dec}, pages={427–449} }