@article{kim_an_nsonwu_morrison_henry_2023, title={Undergraduate students' perceptions of learning from foreign-born faculty in American university settings}, volume={2}, ISSN={["1470-174X"]}, DOI={10.1080/03075079.2023.2183385}, abstractNote={ABSTRACT
 Foreign-born faculty (FBF) comprise between a quarter and a third of the higher education workforce in the U.S. today. As part of a larger mixed methods research project, we examined undergraduate students’ perceptions of FBF prior to and after engaging with them in the classroom. We conducted a cross-sectional online survey of undergraduate students (N = 474) enrolled at three public universities in the southeastern U.S. We examined demographic and educational correlates of undergraduate students’ perceptions of FBF, preferences regarding taking courses (preference factor) taught by FBF, and perceived benefits of learning (benefit factor) from FBF. Findings showed that several student characteristics (e.g. being Latinx/Hispanic; being born or raised with one or both parents from overseas; being an upperclassman; being a human-service major; taking at least one course with FBF) were associated with more positive perceptions of FBF and a higher level of perceived benefits of learning from FBF. The findings in this study strongly support the assertion that providing U.S. undergraduate students with more opportunities to learn from FBF in their college classrooms will support those students’ development of positive perceptions of diversity and difference as a key educational outcome.}, journal={STUDIES IN HIGHER EDUCATION}, author={Kim, Sung-Ju and An, Soonok and Nsonwu, Maura and Morrison, Sharon and Henry, Jacqueline}, year={2023}, month={Feb} }
 @inbook{nsonwu_busch-armendariz_2022, place={San Diego, CA}, title={Human trafficking and sexual exploitation}, booktitle={An International Approach to Social Work: Connecting Across Cultures to Inform Practice}, publisher={Cognella}, author={Nsonwu, M. and Busch-Armendariz, N.}, editor={Chama, Samson and Wick, D.Editors}, year={2022}, pages={151–162} }
 @article{welch-brewer_nsonwu_busch-armendariz_heffron_2021, title={Perceptions, Knowledge, and Attitudes about Human Trafficking Questionnaire: Extending Its Utility with Social Work Students}, volume={45}, ISSN={["1545-6838"]}, DOI={10.1093/swr/svab018}, abstractNote={Abstract}, number={4}, journal={SOCIAL WORK RESEARCH}, author={Welch-Brewer, Chiquitia and Nsonwu, Maura and Busch-Armendariz, Noel and Heffron, Laurie Cook}, year={2021}, month={Dec}, pages={257–268} }
 @article{nsonwu_nsonwu_busch-armendariz_2021, title={Social work’s mandate to look beneath the surface}, journal={NASW, The North Carolina Social Work Newsletter}, author={Nsonwu, M. and Nsonwu, A. and Busch-Armendariz, N.}, year={2021}, month={Aug} }
 @article{morrison_sudha_denzongpa_adrong_bernot_malotky_nsonwu_2021, title={Using Community-Based Participatory Research to Characterize Health and Lifestyle Behaviors of Montagnards, a Refugee-Origin Asian-American Subgroup}, volume={24}, ISSN={1557-1912 1557-1920}, url={http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10903-021-01272-x}, DOI={10.1007/s10903-021-01272-x}, abstractNote={Montagnards, an indigenous multitribal refugee-origin population concentrated in North Carolina, remain an invisible, medically underserved, and socioeconomically underrepresented Asian American sub-group. Yet this group is resilient, with language diversity, rich cultural traditions and family caregiving in multigenerational households. Using community-based participatory research methods, we developed and administered a two-part survey to 144 Montagnard adults, documenting socioeconomic characteristics, health indicators and lifestyle behaviors. Forty-one percent of participants had no formal education, 76% had little/no English proficiency and 28% described having a very hard time paying their bills. Seventy-seven percent were overweight per BMI category, 79% had elevated blood pressure and 100% scored high for significant depressive symptoms. Participants reported high levels of physical inactivity and daily dietary intake of MSG. However, Montagnards reported limited tobacco and alcohol use, a diet of fresh vegetables and rice, and regular church attendance. These represent protective lifestyle behaviors and targets for culturally responsive health interventions.}, number={5}, journal={Journal of Immigrant and Minority Health}, publisher={Springer Science and Business Media LLC}, author={Morrison, Sharon D. and Sudha, S. and Denzongpa, Kunga and Adrong, H’Yua and Bernot, Kelsie and Malotky, Michele and Nsonwu, Maura}, year={2021}, month={Sep}, pages={1103–1112} }
 @inbook{sienkiewicz_nsonwu_biddle_nikokeza_moore_busch_2020, place={New York}, title={"It is like we have died, but we are still breathing”: The Trauma of Housing Resettled Refugees Within a Neoliberal Model}, ISBN={9781433179235 9781433179242 97814331 978143317922879259}, booktitle={Realizing Nonviolent Resilience: Neoliberalism, Societal Trauma, and Marginalized Voice}, publisher={Peter Lang Publishers}, author={Sienkiewicz, H. and Nsonwu, M. and Biddle, L. and Nikokeza, N. and Moore, P. and Busch, M.A.}, editor={Rinker, J. and Lawler, J.Editors}, year={2020}, pages={79–98} }
 @article{malotky_mayes_price_smith_mann_guinyard_veale_ksor_siu_mlo_et al._2020, title={Fostering Inclusion through an Interinstitutional, Community-Engaged, Course-Based Undergraduate Research Experience}, volume={21}, ISSN={1935-7877 1935-7885}, url={http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/jmbe.v21i1.1939}, DOI={10.1128/jmbe.v21i1.1939}, abstractNote={Creation of an inclusive environment requires a culture of equity, justice, value and respect for diverse backgrounds, and opportunities for students to engage with communities while addressing issues in science and society. These tasks are particularly challenging for institutions lacking a diverse population. Here, we demonstrate evidence of a successful model for creating an inclusive environment in an interinstitutional course between a large, public, historically black institution and a small, private, primarily white institution. Because many individuals from underrepresented minority groups tend to value communal goals of working together and helping their communities, we incorporated two high-impact practices of community-engaged learning and course-based undergraduate research experiences (CUREs) focused on health disparities research in neighboring communities. Although the research projects varied each semester, they were linked by their impact on and engagement with the community. Students practiced cultural competency skills in both small group projects within the class and engagement activities in the community. We measured the efficacy of CURE components (novel authentic research, scientific process skills, iteration, collaboration, and broader impact) through a combination of direct and indirect assessments, quantitative and qualitative analysis. More than simply scientific skills, students from both institutions developed lasting interest in working with diverse populations as well as respecting and valuing different backgrounds. This inclusive environment, combined with increased interest in research, suggests that this course could potentially serve as a model for interinstitutional collaborations in creating inclusive environments that support the future success of diverse students, eventually changing the STEM research culture.}, number={1}, journal={Journal of Microbiology & Biology Education}, publisher={American Society for Microbiology}, author={Malotky, Michele K. H. and Mayes, Kayla M. and Price, Kailyn M. and Smith, Gustavo and Mann, Sherese N. and Guinyard, Mesha W. and Veale, Sarina and Ksor, Vung and Siu, Lek and Mlo, H’Lois and et al.}, year={2020}, month={Jan} }
 @article{nsonwu_brewer_marshall_durham_jernigan_folarin_bailey_2020, title={Perspectives in
            <scp>AE
            — From “the bank” to “the kitchen”: Pedagogical reflections of a constructivist theory framed course}, volume={32}, ISSN={1939-4225 1939-4225}, url={http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/nha3.20279}, DOI={10.1002/nha3.20279}, abstractNote={Using “banking” and “kitchen” metaphors to illustrate the educational frameworks of Freire's banking concept and constructivist learning theory, we—students and instructor—describe an innovative pedagogical adult learning-teaching model utilized in a required course, Qualitative Research, within the curriculum of a leadership studies doctoral program. This course used a constructivist learning theory framework to engage doctoral students as a community of learners in the discovery process of conducting qualitative research. Through reflection and a description of key components of this course, a critical examination of this pedagogical model is explored. Findings reveal the strengths of a constructivist approach to support and steer collaborative, exploratory learning whereby co-creating, collective processing, and co-learning promote invested learning.}, number={2}, journal={New Horizons in Adult Education and Human Resource Development}, publisher={Wiley}, author={Nsonwu, Maura and Brewer, Chiquitia Welch and Marshall, Ashley and Durham, Lori and Jernigan, Quintara A. and Folarin, Oluwafunke and Bailey, Gary}, year={2020}, month={Mar}, pages={67–73} }
 @article{nsonwu_welch-brewer_folarin_jernigan_durham_marshall_bailey_2019, title={"Unity is our strength”: perspectives on the recruitment and retention of African American male social work students}, volume={3}, DOI={10.1891/2474-8684.3.S1.S129}, number={S1}, journal={Urban Social Work}, author={Nsonwu, M. and Welch-Brewer, C. and Folarin, O. and Jernigan, Q. and Durham, L. and Marshall, A. and Bailey, G.}, year={2019}, pages={S129–S146} }
 @article{nsonwu_2019, title={Human Trafficking of Immigrants and Refugees in North Carolina}, volume={80}, ISSN={0029-2559 0029-2559}, url={http://dx.doi.org/10.18043/ncm.80.2.101}, DOI={10.18043/ncm.80.2.101}, abstractNote={North Carolina is home to refugee and immigrant groups who are vulnerable to becoming victims of human trafficking. Culturally relevant training and education is necessary to appropriately serve foreign-born victims of sex or labor trafficking. Health care professionals can be instrumental in identifying victims and providing coordinated and collaborative care.}, number={2}, journal={North Carolina Medical Journal}, publisher={North Carolina Institute of Medicine}, author={Nsonwu, Maura}, year={2019}, month={Mar}, pages={101–103} }
 @inbook{sienkiewicz_nichols_morrison_nsonwu_2019, place={Oxford}, title={Re-constructing Social Ties:
The Multi-ethnic Engagement Patterns of Refugees Residing within a North Carolina Settlement House}, booktitle={The Crux of Refugee Resettlement Rebuilding Social Networks}, publisher={Berghahan Books}, author={Sienkiewicz, H.C. and Nichols, T.R. and Morrison, S.D. and Nsonwu, M.B.}, editor={Willems, R. and Nelson, A. and Roedlach, A.Editors}, year={2019} }
 @inbook{sienkiewicz_nichols_morrison_nsonwu_evans_nikokeza_2019, place={Lanham, MD}, series={Crossing Borders in a Global World: Applying Anthropology to Migration Displacement, and Social Change}, title={Reconstructing Social Ties: The Multiethnic Engagement Patterns of Refugees Residing within a North Carolina Settlement House}, ISBN={9781498588904 9781498588898}, booktitle={The Crux of Refugee Resettlement: Rebuilding Social Networks}, publisher={Lexington Books}, author={Sienkiewicz, H. and Nichols, T. and Morrison, S. and Nsonwu, M. and Evans, M. and Nikokeza, N.}, editor={Willems, R. and Nelson, A. and Roedlach, A.Editors}, year={2019}, pages={4}, collection={Crossing Borders in a Global World: Applying Anthropology to Migration Displacement, and Social Change} }
 @misc{torres_nsonwu_heffron_busch-armendariz_2019, title={Unique contributions of social work in combating human trafficking}, ISBN={9781315277035}, url={http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9781315277035-14}, DOI={10.4324/9781315277035-14}, abstractNote={Social workers, as global human rights advocates and agents of change, are uniquely poised to address international and domestic human trafficking through multidimensional systems of care. Social work values, based on universal human rights and the empowerment of those seeking assistance, are centered on the most vulnerable populations, which are also the most often exploited for human trafficking worldwide. An examination of risks faced by populations, a victim’s removal from a trafficking situation, indicators for identification, and systems of care that work across these processes along with survivor rehabilitation is vital to deliver culturally competent and effective services to those affected by human trafficking. This chapter applies social work theory and international practice with the ecological perspective at mezzo and macro levels using a case study.
 Learning Objectives
 At the end of the chapter, readers will be able to:

 Describe the unique contribution of the social work profession at the mezzo and macro levels to address human trafficking locally and globally;
 Illustrate a multicultural perspective that depicts the “best practice” and intersecting role of social work that centers individuals and their communities;
 Identify indicators of human trafficking and sex and labor exploitation to assist social workers in international settings;
 Examine the intersection of systems of care in addressing needs of human trafficking victims;
 Compare the principles central to social work such as social justice and aspects embedded in the field of human trafficking; and
 Describe the unique role of the social worker in valuing the culturally relevant, community perspective of collectivism in combating human trafficking.}, journal={Routledge International Handbook of Human Trafficking}, publisher={Routledge}, author={Torres, Melissa I. M. and Nsonwu, Maura and Heffron, Laurie Cook and Busch-Armendariz, Noël Bridget}, year={2019}, month={Sep}, pages={342–363} }
 @misc{busch-armendariz_nsonwu_cookheffron_2018, title={Human Trafficking: Applying Research, Theory, and Case Studies}, ISBN={9781506305721 9781071800966}, url={http://dx.doi.org/10.4135/9781071800966}, DOI={10.4135/9781071800966}, publisher={SAGE Publications, Inc}, author={Busch-Armendariz, Noël Bridget and Nsonwu, Maura and CookHeffron, Laurie}, year={2018} }
 @inbook{nsonwu_heffron_welch-brewer_busch-armendariz_2018, title={Supporting Sex-Trafficking Survivors Through a Collaborative Single- Point-of -Contact Model: Mezzo and Micro Considerations}, url={http://dx.doi.org/10.7312/nich18092-016}, DOI={10.7312/nich18092-016}, booktitle={Social Work Practice with Survivors of Sex Trafficking and Commercial Sexual Exploitation}, publisher={Columbia University Press}, author={Nsonwu, Maura and Heffron, Laurie Cook and Welch-Brewer, Chiquitia and Busch-Armendariz, Noël Bridget}, editor={Nichols, Andrea and Edmond, Tonya and Heil, ErinEditors}, year={2018}, month={Dec}, pages={316–332} }
 @article{morrison_sudha_young_dharod_nie_siu_siu_ksor_sayers_bernot_et al._2018, title={When Community Calls, We Collaborate ! Community-Based Participatory Research With the Multilanguage Montagnard Refugee Community}, volume={12}, ISSN={["1557-055X"]}, DOI={10.1353/cpr.2018.0038}, abstractNote={Abstract:Background: Montagnard refugees, an indigenous multilingual tribal people from Vietnam, experience lifestyle changes and post-resettlement challenges in the United States that contribute to chronic health conditions. Foundational research and health data are lacking.Objectives: We describe the Montagnard Hypertension Study, a community-based participatory research (CBPR) project documenting chronic disease risk.Methods: We developed a Montagnard dictionary of hypertension-specific terminology and conducted two focus group discussions (FGD), 131 biological assessments (blood pressure, height, weight, waist circumference, scalp hair and saliva sample collection), and 127 behavioral surveys. We implemented two health fairs that offered services to the community.Lessons Learned: This is the first study to examine chronic disease using a CBPR framework for Montagnard health. We highlight lessons learned specific to constituents and their capacities, historical and current conflicts, and the iterative processes in CBPR design.Conclusions: CBPR is a practically achievable approach to studying chronic disease risk within indigenous, tribal communities, with implications for future research with Asian American subgroups and other minority populations.}, number={2}, journal={PROGRESS IN COMMUNITY HEALTH PARTNERSHIPS-RESEARCH EDUCATION AND ACTION}, author={Morrison, Sharon D. and Sudha, S. and Young, Andrew and Dharod, Jigna and Nie, Y. Bhim and Siu, H. Wier and Siu, Lek and Ksor, H. Vung and Sayers, Janet and Bernot, Kelsie and et al.}, year={2018}, pages={179–186} }
 @article{nsonwu_welch-brewer_heffron_lemke_busch-armendariz_sulley_cook_lewis_watson_moore_et al._2017, title={Development and Validation of an Instrument to Assess Social Work Students’ Perceptions, Knowledge, and Attitudes About Human Trafficking Questionnaire (PKA-HTQ)}, volume={27}, ISSN={1049-7315 1552-7581}, url={http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1049731515578537}, DOI={10.1177/1049731515578537}, abstractNote={Objective: This study sought to develop and evaluate the psychometric properties of a tool designed to assess social work students’ knowledge of and perceptions and attitudes toward human trafficking. To achieve this aim, the Perceptions, Knowledge, and Attitudes toward Human Trafficking Questionnaire (PKA-HTQ) was developed and its psychometric properties were evaluated. Specifically, the factor structure and the internal consistency of the PKA-HTQ were evaluated. }, number={5}, journal={Research on Social Work Practice}, publisher={SAGE Publications}, author={Nsonwu, Maura Busch and Welch-Brewer, Chiquitia and Heffron, Laurie Cook and Lemke, Melinda A. and Busch-Armendariz, Noel and Sulley, Caitlin and Cook, Sharon Warren and Lewis, Mary and Watson, Elizabeth and Moore, Wayne and et al.}, year={2017}, pages={561–571} }
 @article{wachter_cook heffron_busch-armendariz_nsonwu_kammer-kerwick_kellison_jones_sanders_2016, title={Responding to Domestic Minors Sex Trafficking (DMST): Developing Principle-Based Practices}, volume={2}, ISSN={2332-2705 2332-2713}, url={http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/23322705.2016.1145489}, DOI={10.1080/23322705.2016.1145489}, abstractNote={ABSTRACT Over the last decade, modern slavery has emerged as a major social-justice issue. Many new organizations in the United States have begun serving survivors of domestic minor sex trafficking (DMST), while others have expanded their services to include this vulnerable population in their mission. This qualitative study describes the principle-based practices that emerged from structured interviews with staff employed at five well-established organizations in the United States whose missions include providing direct services to DMST survivors. Thematic analysis identified five guiding principle-based practices for working with DMST survivors: nurture the humanity and dignity of clients; contextualize the needs of survivors within a broader social-justice framework; prioritize the immediate and practical needs of clients; support of the dynamic nature of survivors’ healing; help identify and engage community and professional partners who are essential to the work of serving DMST survivors and ending sex trafficking. This research enhances the field’s understanding of principle-based practice with DMST survivors and encourages those working with DMST survivors to critically consider the principles behind their practice. The findings are particularly important given complex vulnerabilities and needs, and the significant rise in the number of untrained organizations providing services to survivors.}, number={4}, journal={Journal of Human Trafficking}, publisher={Informa UK Limited}, author={Wachter, Karin and Cook Heffron, Laurie and Busch-Armendariz, Noël Bridget and Nsonwu, Maura B. and Kammer-Kerwick, Matt and Kellison, Bruce and Jones, Amy L. E. and Sanders, Gretchen M.}, year={2016}, month={Oct}, pages={259–271} }
 @article{wachter_heffron_snyder_nsonwu_busch-armendariz_2016, title={Unsettled integration: Pre- and post-migration factors in Congolese refugee women’s resettlement experiences in the United States}, volume={59}, ISSN={0020-8728 1461-7234}, url={http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0020872815580049}, DOI={10.1177/0020872815580049}, abstractNote={By 2019, the United States plans to resettle approximately 50,000 refugees from the Democratic Republic of the Congo. The purpose of this study was to identify and understand the challenges, risks, and strengths of adult Congolese refugee women resettled in the United States to help policymakers, service providers, and other stakeholders prepare for the arrival of Congolese women and their families. Researchers conducted in-depth interviews and focus groups with Congolese refugee women ( n = 28) and resettlement service providers ( n = 29) in three US cities. The findings of this study reveal the complex and dynamic nature of Congolese refugee women’s resettlement experiences in the United States and highlight the importance of recognizing the intersection of pre- and post-migration factors during resettlement. This article offers concrete implications for the social work profession and practitioners.}, number={6}, journal={International Social Work}, publisher={SAGE Publications}, author={Wachter, Karin and Heffron, Laurie Cook and Snyder, Susanna and Nsonwu, Maura Busch and Busch-Armendariz, Noël Bridget}, year={2016}, month={Jul}, pages={875–889} }
 @misc{heffron_snyder_wachter_nsonwu_busch-armendariz_2016, title={‘Something is missing here’}, url={http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9781315774947-12}, DOI={10.4324/9781315774947-12}, journal={Contemporary Feminisms in Social Work Practice}, publisher={Routledge}, author={Heffron, Laurie Cook and Snyder, Susanna and Wachter, Karin and Nsonwu, Maura and Busch-Armendariz, Noël}, year={2016}, month={Jan}, pages={166–180} }
 @article{nsonwu_dennison_long_2015, title={Foster Care Chronicles: Use of the Arts for Teens Aging Out of the Foster Care System}, volume={10}, ISSN={1540-1383 1540-1391}, url={http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/15401383.2014.935546}, DOI={10.1080/15401383.2014.935546}, abstractNote={This article describes the use of narrative and drama therapies as creative therapeutic interventions to engage and assist vulnerable youth. Foster Care Chronicles was a collaboration between a state university social work program and a local department of social services in a child welfare unit. This 2-year exploratory project employed an innovative approach to work with foster care youth, all of whom were within 2 years of “aging out” of care. The project utilized narrative therapy and drama therapy in a group setting by building on youths’ individual and collective strengths in writing, speaking, and acting. As these youth assessed their participation in this program, their reflections addressed developing aspects of self-image, self-healing, self-efficacy, and lessons learned.}, number={1}, journal={Journal of Creativity in Mental Health}, publisher={Informa UK Limited}, author={Nsonwu, Maura Busch and Dennison, Susan and Long, Jennifer}, year={2015}, month={Jan}, pages={18–33} }
 @article{nsonwu_2015, title={God-Talk in the Survival Epistemology of Liberian Refugee Women}, volume={34}, ISSN={1542-6432 1542-6440}, url={http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/15426432.2015.1045680}, DOI={10.1080/15426432.2015.1045680}, abstractNote={This qualitative research study examines and analyzes the narratives of Muslim and Christian Liberian refugee women. Findings speak to the expression of God-Talk in the collective subjective lives of the participants’ survival stories. This interpretation is based in a cultural context and historical perspective and utilizes a womanist theological framework. Narrative research methodology reveals an understanding that faith and its expression, God-Talk, is the mechanism of Liberian women’s’ epistemology of survival. Women’s reliance on God protects and guides them while ensuring their families’ survival. Six subcategories ground the findings in a cultural context.}, number={3}, journal={Journal of Religion & Spirituality in Social Work: Social Thought}, publisher={Informa UK Limited}, author={Nsonwu, Maura Busch}, year={2015}, month={Jul}, pages={304–327} }
 @book{bailey_biddle_busch_elobeid_evans_knul_mekonnen_morrison_nsonwu_sienkwiewicz_2015, title={Refugee and cultural challenges for the great lakes region of Africa: Recommendations for service providers}, institution={Association of Refugee Service Professionals & the Center for New North Carolinians}, author={Bailey, R. and Biddle, L. and Busch, M.A. and Elobeid, M. and Evans, M. and Knul, C. and Mekonnen, M. and Morrison, S. and Nsonwu, M. and Sienkwiewicz, H.}, year={2015} }
 @article{busch-armendariz_nsonwu_heffron_2014, title={A kaleidoscope: The role of the social work practitioner and the strength of social work theories and practice in meeting the complex needs of people trafficked and the professionals that work with them}, volume={57}, ISSN={0020-8728 1461-7234}, url={http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0020872813505630}, DOI={10.1177/0020872813505630}, abstractNote={ This qualitative research study explored responses to trafficking in persons. Fifty-five ( n = 55) interviews were collected and data were analyzed using qualitative iterative processes. The social worker and the utilization of social work perspectives provided a strong and effective framework for service delivery and effective interdisciplinary collaboration. The ecological, strengths-based, and victim-center approaches were a benefit to survivors and professionals specifically around coordinated efforts, trust-building, and increased cultural competence. Findings also support that individuals who are trafficked have unique needs and social workers’ theoretical and practice modalities are well suited to respond to and coordinate these distinct circumstances. }, number={1}, journal={International Social Work}, publisher={SAGE Publications}, author={Busch-Armendariz, Noël and Nsonwu, Maura Busch and Heffron, Laurie Cook}, year={2014}, month={Jan}, pages={7–18} }
 @article{xin_morrison_dharod_young_nsonwu_2014, title={Cross-Cultural “Allies” in Immigrant Community Practice: Roles of foreign-trained former Montagnard health professionals}, volume={6}, ISSN={2161-6590}, url={http://dx.doi.org/10.5195/hcs.2014.143}, DOI={10.5195/hcs.2014.143}, abstractNote={This pilot case study describes foreign-trained former Montagnard refugee physicians’ practice experiences in Vietnam and their current community health worker and “ally” roles within the Montagnard refugee community. It highlights key features that facilitate cross-culturally responsive health care. We interviewed five Vietnam-trained former Montagnard refugee physicians using an open-ended interview format during March, 2012. We used content analysis procedures to identify key themes characterizing Montagnard physicians’ former and current practice experiences and emphasizing the roles they currently play in their new homeland. Montagnard physicians were fighting infectious diseases in homeland Vietnamese communities. Since coming to the U.S., Montagnard physicians have reoriented their competencies to fit within a community health workers model, and have shifted practice to fighting chronic disease in this refugee community. Tasks now include describing and contextualizing unique characteristics of the Montagnard languages and cultures to outside constituents. They become cross-cultural allies to the U.S. health care and facilitate individuals’ medical adherence with mainstream physicians’ orders. They ensure accuracy of interpretation of Montagnard patients’ medical complaints during a medical visit. Our findings reveal the potential roles that can be ascribed to a cross-cultural ally and can be built into practice to fulfill the Montagnard community’s unmet health needs: oral historian, mediator, facilitator/negotiator, quality assurer, psychosocial confidant, and health advocate.}, number={1}, journal={Health, Culture and Society}, publisher={University Library System, University of Pittsburgh}, author={Xin, H. and Morrison, S. and Dharod, J. and Young, A. and Nsonwu, M.}, year={2014}, month={May}, pages={62–72} }
 @inbook{nsonwu_busch-armendariz_heffron_2014, title={Human Trafficking}, url={http://dx.doi.org/10.4135/9781483346663.n287}, DOI={10.4135/9781483346663.n287}, booktitle={Encyclopedia of Human Services and Diversity}, publisher={SAGE Publications, Inc.}, author={Nsonwu, Maura and Busch-Armendariz, Noel and Heffron, Laurie Cook}, editor={Cousins, Linwood H.Editor}, year={2014} }
 @misc{busch-armendariz_nsonwu_heffron_mahapatra_2014, title={Human Trafficking: Exploiting Labor}, url={http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/acrefore/9780199975839.013.1124}, DOI={10.1093/acrefore/9780199975839.013.1124}, abstractNote={Human trafficking has become a major national and international problem, and while research suggests that trafficking in human beings for the purpose of cheap labor is higher than trafficking for the purposes of sexual exploitation, much less is understood about labor trafficking. This entry summarizes the current knowledge about labor trafficking including important definitions, describes ways in which people are exploited for labor, outlines related policies and laws, summarizes needs of survivors, and offers ways in which social workers are and can be involved in responding to this crime.}, journal={Encyclopedia of Social Work}, publisher={NASW Press and Oxford University Press}, author={Busch-Armendariz, Noël and Nsonwu, Maura and Heffron, Laurie Cook and Mahapatra, Neely}, year={2014}, month={Feb} }
 @book{busch-armendariz_wachter_cook heffron_snyder_nsonwu_2014, place={Austin, Texas}, title={The continuity of risk: A three city study of Congolese women-at-risk resettled in the US}, institution={The Institute on Domestic Violence & Sexual Assault}, author={Busch-Armendariz, N. and Wachter, K. and Cook Heffron, L. and Snyder, S. and Nsonwu, M.B.}, year={2014} }
 @article{nsonwu_casey_cook_busch armendariz_2013, title={Embodying Social Work as a Profession}, volume={3}, ISSN={2158-2440 2158-2440}, url={http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/2158244013503835}, DOI={10.1177/2158244013503835}, abstractNote={ The purpose of this research is to highlight competing and contrasting definitions of social work that have been the subject of continuous ideological debate. These opposing interpretations have characterized public and professional discourse. It is the growth of, and struggle over, these conflicting versions of social work that we trace by exploring and expanding on the work of African American and White social work pioneers, feminist and empowerment epistemologies, and implications for social work practice and pedagogy. Our discussion emphasizes the construction of meaning through personal experiences by reuniting the head, hands, heart, and soul of our profession. We offer a reconstructed framework that echoes the groundbreaking work of our historical pioneers and collectively weaves their wisdom into contemporary social work practice. }, number={3}, journal={SAGE Open}, publisher={SAGE Publications}, author={Nsonwu, Maura B. and Casey, Kathleen and Cook, Sharon Warren and Busch Armendariz, Noel}, year={2013}, month={Jul}, pages={215824401350383} }
 @inbook{lewis_nsonwu_cook_bailey_mayfield-clark_2013, title={Examining the complexity of the nexus of poverty and health: Impact on immigrants and refugees}, booktitle={Series on Poverty and Health in America}, publisher={Praeger}, author={Lewis, M.T. and Nsonwu, M.B. and Cook, S. and Bailey, R. and Mayfield-Clark, A.B.}, editor={Fitzpatrick, K.Editor}, year={2013}, pages={59–86} }
 @article{dharod_xin_morrison_young_nsonwu_2013, title={Lifestyle and Food-Related Challenges Refugee Groups Face Upon Resettlement: Do we Have to Move Beyond Job and Language Training Programs?}, volume={8}, ISSN={1932-0248 1932-0256}, url={http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/19320248.2012.761574}, DOI={10.1080/19320248.2012.761574}, abstractNote={An exploratory qualitative study was conducted to assess lifestyle and food-related changes that refugees experience upon resettlement in the United States. A convenience sample including 18 refugee women and 5 refugees who were physicians prior to resettlement was interviewed. Overall, loss of social network, poor physical activity, and stress related to household expenditures were identified as major issues of resettlement lifestyle. Participants reported increase in intake of meat, soda/fruit drinks, and dairy after moving to the United States. Results also indicated that in contrast to daily, need-based food shopping, participants had to train themselves to do weekly or planned food shopping. In addition to job and language training, resettlement programs should focus on providing skills to adapt to nuances of the host country's infrastructure.}, number={2}, journal={Journal of Hunger & Environmental Nutrition}, publisher={Informa UK Limited}, author={Dharod, Jigna M. and Xin, Huaibo and Morrison, Sharon D. and Young, Andrew and Nsonwu, Maura}, year={2013}, month={Apr}, pages={187–199} }
 @article{busch nsonwu_busch-armendariz_cook heffron_mahapatra_fong_2013, title={Marital and Familial Strengths and Needs: Refugees Speak Out}, volume={22}, ISSN={1531-3204 1531-3212}, url={http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/15313204.2013.785350}, DOI={10.1080/15313204.2013.785350}, abstractNote={This study describes the marriage and family relationships of refugees as they transition through resettlement. Through in-depth interviews with 31 refugees representing 12 countries, participants describe their lives and experiences in their own “voices.” The findings reflect two broad themes that either support or impede self-sufficiency: (1) the internal or intimate dynamics of refugee lives, and (2) external and systems dynamics. Qualitative data analysis procedures yield findings that illuminated strengths of refugees, the challenges that they face, and suggestions for informative and responsive policy and program changes based on this knowledge.}, number={2}, journal={Journal of Ethnic And Cultural Diversity in Social Work}, publisher={Informa UK Limited}, author={Busch Nsonwu, Maura and Busch-Armendariz, NoËL and Cook Heffron, Laurie and Mahapatra, Neely and Fong, Rowena}, year={2013}, month={Apr}, pages={129–144} }
 @article{faulkner_mahapatra_cook-heffron_nsonwu_busch-armendariz_2013, title={Moving past victimization and trauma toward restoration: Immigrant mother survivors of sex trafficking in the United States share their inspiration}, volume={7}, number={2}, journal={International Perspectives on Victimology}, author={Faulkner, M. and Mahapatra, N. and Cook-Heffron, L. and Nsonwu, M. and Busch-Armendariz, N.}, year={2013}, pages={46–55} }
 @misc{nsonwu_2012, title={Liberia}, url={http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4419-5659-0_459}, DOI={10.1007/978-1-4419-5659-0_459}, journal={Encyclopedia of Immigrant Health}, publisher={Springer New York}, author={Nsonwu, Maura Busch}, year={2012}, pages={1011–1013} }
 @misc{nsonwu_2012, title={Narrative Research}, url={http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4419-5659-0_531}, DOI={10.1007/978-1-4419-5659-0_531}, journal={Encyclopedia of Immigrant Health}, publisher={Springer New York}, author={Nsonwu, Maura Busch}, year={2012}, pages={1113–1114} }
 @inbook{busch-armendariz_nsonwu_cook heffron_mahapatra_2012, title={Trafficking in persons}, booktitle={Encyclopedia of Sexual Violence and Abuse}, publisher={ABC-CLIO}, author={Busch-Armendariz, N. and Nsonwu, M. and Cook Heffron, L. and Mahapatra, N.}, editor={Postmus, J.Editor}, year={2012} }
 @article{armendariz-busch_nsonwu_cook-heffron_2011, title={Human trafficking victims and their children: Assessing needs and vulnerabilities and strengths and survivorhood}, volume={2}, url={https://digitalcommons.library.tmc.edu/childrenatrisk/vol2/iss1/3}, number={1}, journal={Journal of Applied Research on Children: Informing Policy for Children at risk}, author={Armendariz-Busch, N. and Nsonwu, M.B. and Cook-Heffron, L.}, year={2011}, pages={1–19} }
 @book{nsonwu_heffron_busch-armendariz_2011, title={Surviving the dead-end road/camino sin salida: Service impacts on victims of human trafficking}, number={2006-VT-BX-K006}, institution={Refugee Services of Texas, Inc. by the Office for Victims of Crime, Office of Justice Programs, U.S. Department of Justice}, author={Nsonwu, M.B. and Heffron, L.C. and Busch-Armendariz, N.}, year={2011}, month={Oct} }
 @article{busch nsonwu_gruber_charest_2010, title={The Urban Studio Project Recipe: A Multidisciplinary Approach to Feminist Practice Through Community Engagement}, volume={25}, ISSN={0886-1099 1552-3020}, url={http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0886109910375368}, DOI={10.1177/0886109910375368}, abstractNote={ The Urban Studio was initially planned to enhance the pedagogy and curriculum of students in the Department of Interior Architecture through the design and construction of a home for a needy family. This project grew to include faculty and students from the Department of Social Work when the need for a psychosocial perspective was identified. The project resulted in a discovery of the potential benefits of an interdisciplinary endeavor framed by a feminist perspective. It became both a service learning opportunity and a way to make a significant impact by ameliorating a substandard housing structure in a transitional neighborhood. }, number={3}, journal={Affilia}, publisher={SAGE Publications}, author={Busch Nsonwu, Maura and Gruber, Kenneth J. and Charest, Robert M.}, year={2010}, month={Jun}, pages={307–312} }
 @book{busch-armendariz_nsonwu_heffron_hernandez_garza_2009, title={Human trafficking victims: Survivors speak out about long-term needs}, number={2006-VT-BX-K006}, institution={Refugee Services of Texas, Inc. by the Office for Victims of Crime, Office of Justice Programs, U.S. Department of Justice}, author={Busch-Armendariz, N.B. and Nsonwu, M.B. and Heffron, L.C. and Hernandez, M. and Garza, J.}, year={2009} }
 @inproceedings{busch-armendariz_nsonwu_cook heffron_2009, title={Understanding human trafficking:  Development of typologies of traffickers PHASE II}, url={https://digitalcommons.unl.edu/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=1008&context=humtraffconf.}, booktitle={First Annual Interdisciplinary Conference on Human Trafficking}, publisher={University of Nebraska-Lincoln Digital Commons}, author={Busch-Armendariz, N.B. and Nsonwu, M.B. and Cook Heffron, L.}, year={2009}, pages={1–13} }
 @book{busch-armendariz_nsonwu_heffron_garza_hernandez_2009, title={Understanding human trafficking: Development of typologies of human trafficking}, number={2006-VT-BX- K006}, institution={Refugee Services of Texas, Inc. by the Office for Victims of Crime, Office of Justice Programs, U.S. Department of Justice}, author={Busch-Armendariz, N.B. and Nsonwu, M.B. and Heffron, L.C. and Garza, J. and Hernandez, M.}, year={2009} }
 @article{nsonwu_taylor_2006, title={Operationalizing Diversity Issues in Lead Safety Education}, volume={4}, ISSN={1556-2948 1556-2956}, url={http://dx.doi.org/10.1300/J500v04n03_06}, DOI={10.1300/J500v04n03_06}, abstractNote={Immigrant children, especially those in large urban areas and those living in lower-income housing built before 1978 can be affected by lead paint and lead dust (HAFA, 2003). Additionally, some children may have been exposed in their home countries, especially when those countries do not have the same types of lead use restriction policies (Haslam, 2003). Because of the high risk for lead paint poisoning in the growing immigrant population in Guilford County, North Carolina, the Center for New North Carolinians (CNNC) participated in the Greensboro Lead Safe Housing Program in 2002 to provide education about lead poisoning prevention to immigrant groups (cnnc.uncg.edu).}, number={3}, journal={Journal of Immigrant & Refugee Studies}, publisher={Informa UK Limited}, author={Nsonwu, Maura Busch and Taylor, Melissa Floyd}, year={2006}, month={Jul}, pages={115–119} }