@article{bonyak_vann_ye_lewis_gorny_2024, title={A 2-year, multi-county survey of plant-parasitic nematodes in North Carolina flue-cured tobacco}, volume={3}, ISSN={["1435-0645"]}, url={https://doi.org/10.1002/agj2.21565}, DOI={10.1002/agj2.21565}, abstractNote={Abstract}, journal={AGRONOMY JOURNAL}, author={Bonyak, Hannah C. and Vann, Matthew C. and Ye, Weimin and Lewis, Ramsey S. and Gorny, Adrienne M.}, year={2024}, month={Mar} }
 @article{castillo_acosta_hodge_vann_lewis_2023, title={Analysis of alkaloids and reducing sugars in processed and unprocessed tobacco leaves using a handheld near infrared spectrometer}, volume={1}, ISSN={["1751-6552"]}, DOI={10.1177/09670335221148594}, abstractNote={ Near infrared (NIR) spectroscopy calibration models were developed to predict chemical properties of flue-cured tobacco ( Nicotiana tabacum L.) leaf samples using a microPHAZIRTM handheld NIR spectrometer. The sample data set consisted of 348 leaf-bundled samples of upper-stalk flue-cured tobacco leaves collected from an array of cultivars evaluated in multiple locations. Unprocessed leaf samples were intact whole unground leaves collected from curing barns. Processed leaf samples were further dried and ground before scanning. The NIR prediction models for percent reducing sugars, percent total alkaloids, and percent nicotine were very good for processed leaves [r2 (SEP in %) values = 0.98 (0.82), 0.92 (0.17), and 0.92 (0.14), respectively]. The models for the same three variables for unprocessed leaves were also very good, with only slightly lower fit statistics [r2 (SEP) = 0.93 (1.58), 0.87 (0.22), and 0.88 (0.18), respectively). Fit statistics for anabasine NIR models were intermediate with r2 (SEP in %) values ranging from 0.73 (0.003) to 0.76 (0.003), while the lowest fit statistics were observed for anatabine and norticotine with r2 (SEP in %) ranging from 0.49 (0.005) to 0.55 (0.017), respectively, for both unprocessed and processed leaves. Hence, use of a handheld NIR spectrometer would be of more limited value for these variables. The chemical composition of flue-cured tobacco leaf samples for some chemical traits can be directly assessed at the point when the leaves exit the curing barns, thus minimizing the need to dry and grind samples for colorimetric and chromatographic analyses. }, journal={JOURNAL OF NEAR INFRARED SPECTROSCOPY}, author={Castillo, Miguel S. and Acosta, Juan J. and Hodge, Gary R. and Vann, Matthew C. and Lewis, Ramsey S.}, year={2023}, month={Jan} }
 @article{tiecher_pace_gatiboni_vann_hardy_fisher_2023, title={Flue-cured tobacco and Cl rates: Implications on yield, quality, and nutrient concentration}, volume={2}, ISSN={["1435-0645"]}, url={https://doi.org/10.1002/agj2.21272}, DOI={10.1002/agj2.21272}, abstractNote={Abstract}, journal={AGRONOMY JOURNAL}, author={Tiecher, Tales and Pace, Cara Ruth and Gatiboni, Luke and Vann, Matthew and Hardy, David and Fisher, Loren}, year={2023}, month={Feb} }
 @article{james_vann_suchoff_mcginnis_whipker_edmisten_gatiboni_2023, title={Hemp yield and cannabinoid concentrations under variable nitrogen and potassium fertilizer rates}, volume={4}, ISSN={["1435-0653"]}, url={https://doi.org/10.1002/csc2.20966}, DOI={10.1002/csc2.20966}, abstractNote={Abstract}, journal={CROP SCIENCE}, author={James, Maggie S. and Vann, Matthew C. and Suchoff, David H. and McGinnis, Michelle and Whipker, Brian E. and Edmisten, Keith L. and Gatiboni, Luciano C.}, year={2023}, month={Apr} }
 @article{henry_veazie_furman_vann_whipker_2023, title={Spectral Discrimination of Macronutrient Deficiencies in Greenhouse Grown Flue-Cured Tobacco}, volume={12}, ISSN={["2223-7747"]}, DOI={10.3390/plants12020280}, abstractNote={Remote sensing of nutrient disorders has become more common in recent years. Most research has considered one or two nutrient disorders and few studies have sought to distinguish among multiple macronutrient deficiencies. This study was conducted to provide a baseline spectral characterization of macronutrient deficiencies in flue-cured tobacco (Nicotiana tabacum L.). Reflectance measurements were obtained from greenhouse-grown nutrient-deficient plants at several stages of development. Feature selection methods including information entropy and first and second derivatives were used to identify wavelengths useful for discriminating among these deficiencies. Detected variability was primarily within wavelengths in the visible spectrum, while near-infrared and shortwave-infrared radiation contributed little to the observed variability. Principal component analysis was used to reduce data dimensionality and the selected components were used to develop linear discriminant analysis models to classify the symptoms. Classification models for young, intermediate, and mature plants had overall accuracies of 92%, 82%, and 75%, respectively, when using 10 principal components. Nitrogen, sulfur, and magnesium deficiencies exhibited greater classification accuracies, while phosphorus and potassium deficiencies demonstrated poor or inconsistent results. This study demonstrates that spectral analysis of flue-cured tobacco is a promising methodology to improve current scouting methods.}, number={2}, journal={PLANTS-BASEL}, author={Henry, Josh and Veazie, Patrick and Furman, Marschall and Vann, Matthew and Whipker, Brian}, year={2023}, month={Jan} }
 @article{oreja_inman_jordan_vann_jennings_leon_2022, title={Effect of cotton herbicide programs on weed population trajectories and frequency of glyphosate-resistant Palmer amaranth (Amaranthus palmeri)}, volume={7}, ISSN={["1550-2759"]}, url={https://doi.org/10.1017/wsc.2022.41}, DOI={10.1017/wsc.2022.41}, abstractNote={Abstract}, journal={WEED SCIENCE}, publisher={Cambridge University Press (CUP)}, author={Oreja, Fernando H. and Inman, Matthew D. and Jordan, David L. and Vann, Matthew and Jennings, Katherine M. and Leon, Ramon G.}, year={2022}, month={Jul} }
 @article{machanoff_vann_woodley_suchoff_2022, title={Evaluation of conservation tillage practices in the production of organic flue-cured tobacco}, volume={5}, ISSN={["2639-6696"]}, url={https://doi.org/10.1002/agg2.20317}, DOI={10.1002/agg2.20317}, abstractNote={Abstract}, number={4}, journal={AGROSYSTEMS GEOSCIENCES & ENVIRONMENT}, author={Machanoff, Cordelia H. and Vann, Matthew Christopher and Woodley, Alex L. and Suchoff, David}, year={2022} }
 @article{machanoff_vann_woodley_suchoff_2022, title={Evaluation of the use of polyethylene mulches in the production of organic flue-cured tobacco}, volume={7}, ISSN={["1435-0645"]}, url={https://doi.org/10.1002/agj2.21100}, DOI={10.1002/agj2.21100}, abstractNote={Abstract}, journal={AGRONOMY JOURNAL}, author={Machanoff, Cordelia A. and Vann, Matthew Christopher and Woodley, Alex L. and Suchoff, David}, year={2022}, month={Jul} }
 @article{clapp_vann_cahoon_jordan_fisher_inman_2022, title={Evaluations of S-Metolachlor in flue-cured tobacco weed management programs}, volume={2}, ISSN={["1435-0645"]}, url={https://doi.org/10.1002/agj2.20984}, DOI={10.1002/agj2.20984}, abstractNote={Abstract}, journal={AGRONOMY JOURNAL}, author={Clapp, Andrew M. and Vann, Matthew C. and Cahoon, Charles W. and Jordan, David L. and Fisher, Loren R. and Inman, Matt D.}, year={2022}, month={Feb} }
 @article{vann_johnson_jordan_fisher_edmisten_2022, title={Flue-cured tobacco response to sublethal rates of glufosinate}, volume={8}, ISSN={["2374-3832"]}, url={https://doi.org/10.1002/cft2.20141}, DOI={10.1002/cft2.20141}, abstractNote={Abstract}, number={1}, journal={CROP FORAGE & TURFGRASS MANAGEMENT}, publisher={Wiley}, author={Vann, Matthew and Johnson, Virginia Alice and Jordan, David and Fisher, Loren and Edmisten, Keith}, year={2022} }
 @article{kulesza_manning_vann_suchoff_woodley_mcginnis_2022, title={Organic nitrogen fertilizer sources for field production of flue-cured tobacco (Nicotiana tabacum L.)}, volume={2}, ISSN={["1435-0645"]}, url={https://doi.org/10.1002/agj2.20989}, DOI={10.1002/agj2.20989}, abstractNote={Abstract}, journal={AGRONOMY JOURNAL}, publisher={Wiley}, author={Kulesza, Stephanie B. and Manning, Nicholas J. and Vann, Matthew C. and Suchoff, David H. and Woodley, Alexander L. and McGinnis, Michelle M.}, year={2022}, month={Feb} }
 @article{inman_vann_fisher_gannon_jordan_jennings_2021, title={Evaluation of dicamba retention in spray tanks and its impact on flue-cured tobacco}, volume={35}, ISSN={["1550-2740"]}, url={http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/wet.2020.73}, DOI={10.1017/wet.2020.73}, abstractNote={Abstract}, number={1}, journal={WEED TECHNOLOGY}, publisher={Cambridge University Press (CUP)}, author={Inman, Matthew D. and Vann, Matthew C. and Fisher, Loren R. and Gannon, Travis W. and Jordan, David L. and Jennings, Katie M.}, year={2021}, month={Feb}, pages={35–42} }
 @article{vann_inman_fisher_2021, title={Flue-cured tobacco holding-ability is affected by harvest timing}, volume={11}, ISSN={["2374-3832"]}, url={https://doi.org/10.1002/cft2.20137}, DOI={10.1002/cft2.20137}, abstractNote={Abstract}, journal={CROP FORAGE & TURFGRASS MANAGEMENT}, publisher={Wiley}, author={Vann, Matthew C. and Inman, Matthew D. and Fisher, Loren R.}, year={2021}, month={Nov} }
 @article{cheek_vann_lewis_fisher_2021, title={Genetics influence postharvest measurements of flue-cured tobacco more than nitrogen application rate}, volume={113}, ISSN={["1435-0645"]}, url={https://doi.org/10.1002/agj2.20565}, DOI={10.1002/agj2.20565}, abstractNote={Abstract}, number={2}, journal={AGRONOMY JOURNAL}, publisher={Wiley}, author={Cheek, Joseph A. and Vann, Matthew C. and Lewis, Ramsey S. and Fisher, Loren R.}, year={2021}, month={Mar}, pages={1020–1028} }
 @article{mahoney_jordan_hare_leon_roma-burgos_vann_jennings_everman_cahoon_2021, title={Palmer Amaranth (Amaranthus palmeri) Growth and Seed Production When in Competition with Peanut and Other Crops in North Carolina}, volume={11}, ISSN={["2073-4395"]}, url={https://doi.org/10.3390/agronomy11091734}, DOI={10.3390/agronomy11091734}, abstractNote={Palmer amaranth (Amaranthus palmeri S. Wats.) is a highly competitive weed that can be difficult to manage in many cropping systems. Research to date has not quantified the growth and development of A. palmeri in a manner that allows direct comparisons across cropping systems. Research was conducted to compare the growth, development, and seed production of A. palmeri when competing with corn (Zea mays L.), cotton (Gossypium hirsutum L.), peanut (Arachis hypogaea L.), and soybean [Glycine max (L.) Merr.] when emerging with crops or emerging three weeks after crops emerge. Regardless of when A. palmeri emerged, seed production was greatest and similar in cotton and peanut and exceeded that of corn and soybean; seed production in soybean exceeded that of corn. However, seed production was approximately 10-fold greater when A. palmeri emerged with crops compared with emergence three weeks later. These results illustrate the importance of controlling weeds during the first three weeks of the season relative to contributions of A. palmeri to the weed seed bank and is the first report comparing seed production in presence of these crops in a manner allowing a statistical comparison of seed production and highlighting the importance of crop sequence for seed bank management.}, number={9}, journal={AGRONOMY-BASEL}, publisher={MDPI AG}, author={Mahoney, Denis J. and Jordan, David L. and Hare, Andrew T. and Leon, Ramon G. and Roma-Burgos, Nilda and Vann, Matthew C. and Jennings, Katherine M. and Everman, Wesley J. and Cahoon, Charles W.}, year={2021}, month={Sep} }
 @article{mahoney_jordan_hare_roma-burgos_jennings_leon_vann_everman_cahoon_2021, title={The influence of soybean population and POST herbicide application timing on in-season and subsequent-season Palmer amaranth (Amaranthus palmeri) control and economic returns}, volume={35}, ISSN={["1550-2740"]}, DOI={10.1017/wet.2020.87}, abstractNote={Abstract}, number={1}, journal={WEED TECHNOLOGY}, author={Mahoney, Denis J. and Jordan, David L. and Hare, Andrew T. and Roma-Burgos, Nilda and Jennings, Katherine M. and Leon, Ramon G. and Vann, Matthew C. and Everman, Wesley J. and Cahoon, Charles W.}, year={2021}, month={Feb}, pages={106–112} }
 @article{vann_suchoff_machacek_cheek_whitley_2021, title={Tobacco injury and sucker control efficacy following applications of pelargonic acid}, volume={7}, ISSN={["2374-3832"]}, url={https://doi.org/10.1002/cft2.20086}, DOI={10.1002/cft2.20086}, abstractNote={Core Ideas}, number={1}, journal={CROP FORAGE & TURFGRASS MANAGEMENT}, publisher={Wiley}, author={Vann, Matthew C. and Suchoff, David H. and Machacek, Jeremy L. and Cheek, Joseph A. and Whitley, D. Scott}, year={2021} }
 @article{hahn_woodley_vann_2021, title={Winter cover crop management in the production of organic flue-cured tobacco}, volume={113}, ISSN={["1435-0645"]}, url={https://doi.org/10.1002/agj2.20656}, DOI={10.1002/agj2.20656}, abstractNote={Abstract}, number={3}, journal={AGRONOMY JOURNAL}, publisher={Wiley}, author={Hahn, Samuel. L. and Woodley, Alex. L. and Vann, Matthew. C.}, year={2021}, month={May} }
 @article{vann_cheek_machacek_whitley_moody_council_hartley_green_2020, title={First report of cigar tobacco production in western North Carolina}, volume={6}, ISSN={["2374-3832"]}, url={https://doi.org/10.1002/cft2.20063}, DOI={10.1002/cft2.20063}, abstractNote={Over the last two decades, burley tobacco (Nicotiana tabacum L.) production has declined by 5,300 acres in western North Carolina (North Carolina Department of Agriculture and Consumer Services, 2005; USDA-NASS, 2019). The loss of burley tobacco has left a void in the agricultural economy. Cigar wrapper tobacco types, such as Pennsylvania seedleaf (PA41) and Connecticut broadleaf, may be suitable replacements for burley because of their overlapping production practices. Cigar tobacco has not been produced in western North Carolina; therefore, knowledge gaps exist regarding its growth habits in the region. The objective of this study was to quantify the days to flower removal, yield, and grade distribution of six cigar tobacco varieties. In 2019, experiments were initiated at the Mountain Research Station in Waynesville, NC (35.48N, –82.96W) and the Upper Mountain Research Station in Laurel Springs, NC (36.39N, –81.30W). Treatments were arranged in a randomized complete block design replicated four times. Plots consisted of a single row measuring 4 by 33 ft with a planting density of 7,260 plants acre–1. At each location, three PA41 varieties (‘Eshbach’, ‘Grower's Choice’, and ‘Welk's Pride’) and three Connecticut broadleaf varieties (‘B2’, ‘D1’, and ‘PAB’) were compared. Tobacco was transplanted on 31 May in Waynesville and 6 June in Laurel Springs. Plants were deflowered at CORESTA growth stage 65 (CORESTA, 2019), leaving 18 to 20 leaves per plant. Twenty plants per plot were then stalk-cut 2.5 wk later and air-cured according to existing burley recommendations (Swetnam & Bailey, 2019). Once cured, the leaves were stripped from the stalk and classified into wrapper (uniform color and structure, free of holes, >9 inches wide), binder (the same qualities as wrapper but with no more than two holes on one side of the leaf), straight strip (leaf that is not classified as wrapper or binder), or filler grades (small, inconsistent in color, moldy, rotten, or damaged). Data for days to deflowering, yield per acre, and grade distribution were subject to ANOVA via the PROC GLIMMIX procedure (SAS Institute Inc., Cary, NC). Within each analysis, replication was considered as a random factor, whereas variety and tobacco type were fixed factors. Treatment means were reported as least square means. Contrast statements were used to compare PA41 and Connecticut broadleaf types. Variety means within each type were separated by Fisher's Protected LSD at P ≤ .05. Figures were created using Sigma Plot (Systat Software, Inc., San Jose, CA). At Waynesville (P < .001) and Laurel Springs (P < .001), PA41 yielded more than Connecticut broadleaf by 684 to 1,164 lb acre–1, depending on the location (Figure 1a). Days to flower removal was also significant at both locations (P < .001), with PA41 varieties requiring 10 to 12 additional days to reach this stage of management (Figure 1b). Cured leaf grades were less consistent, as tobacco type was only significant for wrapper at Waynesville (P = .039) and binder at Laurel Springs (P = .002). The frequency of wrapper grade was extremely low, regardless of the type or location (0.5–5.3%), although PA41 produced more wrapper than Connecticut broadleaf in Waynesville (3.4% vs. 0.5%, respectively) (Figure 1c). Binder grades were more prevalent in Connecticut broadleaf at Laurel Springs (Figure 1d). Designations of straight strip and filler were not influenced by tobacco type at either of the locations (Figure 1e,f). Cured leaf yield and days to flower removal were similar within each tobacco type at Laurel Springs (Table 1). The same observations were made for wrapper, binder, and filler grades (Table 1). Eshbach produced a smaller percentage of straight strip grades relative to Grower's Choice (Table 1); however, straight strip grades were similar within Connecticut broadleaf varieties (Table 1). In contrast, cured leaf yield differed between PA41 and Connecticut broadleaf varieties at the Waynesville location. Within the PA41 varieties, Grower's Choice had a higher yield than Welk's Pride, with Eshbach being intermediate (Table 2). The yield potential of PAB was greater than that of D1 and B2 within the Connecticut broadleaf type (Table 2). Days to flower removal and grade distribution were similar among varieties within each tobacco type at this location (Table 2). Direct comparisons of these tobacco types and varieties have not been reported; therefore, this information is novel and provides useful insights to stakeholders as cigar tobacco is offered as an alternative to burley tobacco. Cigar tobacco production will not occur without substantial change and education. For example, deflowering may occur 2 wk earlier in cigar production, with fewer leaves remaining on the plant relative to burley (12–14 vs. 18–20). Farmers will also have to harvest and handle cigar tobacco much more delicately than burley to reduce physical leaf damage. The adoption of pesticide application programs that are more proactive than what is allowed by current practices will also be required. The failure to produce substantial proportions of wrapper grades in our study is a reflection of having too many leaves per plant, reactive pest control, and aggressive handling. Each of these factors will be addressed in later field studies and shared with farmers at Extension events. In addition, other research agronomists should consider that the current practices used to evaluate burley tobacco trials may not prove suitable for cigar and they should therefore be adapted accordingly. The authors declare no conflicts of interest.}, number={1}, journal={CROP FORAGE & TURFGRASS MANAGEMENT}, publisher={Wiley}, author={Vann, Matthew C. and Cheek, Joseph A. and Machacek, Jeremey L. and Whitley, D. Scott and Moody, Chad and Council, John and Hartley, Michael and Green, Benjamin}, year={2020} }
 @article{clapp_vann_cahoon_jordan_fisher_inman_2020, title={Flue-cured tobacco tolerance to S-metolachlor}, volume={6}, url={https://doi.org/10.1017/wet.2020.71}, DOI={10.1017/wet.2020.71}, abstractNote={Abstract}, journal={Weed Technology}, publisher={Cambridge University Press (CUP)}, author={Clapp, Andrew M. and Vann, Matthew C. and Cahoon, Charles W., Jr. and Jordan, David L. and Fisher, Loren R. and Inman, Matthew D.}, year={2020}, month={Dec}, pages={1–6} }
 @article{finch_vann_wells_fisher_brown_2020, title={Impacts of lower-leaf removal timing, number, and nitrogen application to flue-cured tobacco}, volume={6}, ISSN={["2374-3832"]}, url={https://doi.org/10.1002/cft2.20059}, DOI={10.1002/cft2.20059}, abstractNote={Abstract}, number={1}, journal={CROP FORAGE & TURFGRASS MANAGEMENT}, publisher={Wiley}, author={Finch, Camden E. and Vann, Matthew C. and Wells, Randy and Fisher, Loren R. and Brown, A. Blake}, year={2020} }
 @article{pace_vann_fisher_hardy_2020, title={Implications of chloride application rate and nitrogen fertilizer source to flue‐cured tobacco}, volume={112}, url={https://doi.org/10.1002/agj2.20251}, DOI={10.1002/agj2.20251}, abstractNote={Abstract}, number={4}, journal={Agronomy Journal}, publisher={Wiley}, author={Pace, C.R. and Vann, M.C. and Fisher, L.R. and Hardy, D.H.}, year={2020}, month={Jul}, pages={2916–2927} }
 @article{inman_jordan_vann_hare_york_cahoon_2020, title={Influence of timing of Palmer amaranth control in dicamba-resistant cotton on yield and economic return}, volume={4}, url={http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/wet.2020.37}, DOI={10.1017/wet.2020.37}, abstractNote={Abstract}, journal={Weed Technology}, publisher={Cambridge University Press (CUP)}, author={Inman, Matthew D. and Jordan, David L. and Vann, Matthew C. and Hare, Andrew T. and York, Alan C. and Cahoon, Charles W.}, year={2020}, month={Apr}, pages={1–7} }
 @article{montgomery_henry_vann_whipker_huseth_mitasova_2020, title={Measures of Canopy Structure from Low-Cost UAS for Monitoring Crop Nutrient Status}, volume={4}, ISSN={2504-446X}, url={http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/drones4030036}, DOI={10.3390/drones4030036}, abstractNote={Deriving crop information from remotely sensed data is an important strategy for precision agriculture. Small unmanned aerial systems (UAS) have emerged in recent years as a versatile remote sensing tool that can provide precisely-timed, fine-grained data for informing management responses to intra-field crop variability (e.g., nutrient status and pest damage). UAS sensors with high spectral resolution used to compute informative vegetation indices, however, are practically limited by high cost and data dimensionality. This research extends spectral analysis for remote crop monitoring to investigate the relationship between crop health and 3D canopy structure using low-cost UAS equipped with consumer-grade RGB cameras. We used flue-cured tobacco as a case study due to its known sensitivity to fertility variation and nutrient-specific symptomology. Fertilizer treatments were applied to induce plant health variability in a 0.5 ha field of flue-cured tobacco. Multi-view stereo images from three UAS surveys collected during crop development were processed into orthoimages used to compute a visible band spectral index and photogrammetric point clouds using Structure from Motion (SfM). Plant structural metrics were then computed from detailed high resolution canopy surface models (0.05 m resolution) interpolated from the photogrammetric point clouds. The UAS surveys were complimented by nutrient status measurements obtained from plant tissues. The relationships between foliar nitrogen (N), phosphorus (P), potassium (K), and boron (B) concentrations and the UAS-derived metrics were assessed using multiple linear regression. Symptoms of N and K deficiencies were well captured and differentiated by the structural metrics. The strongest relationship observed was between canopy shape and N foliar concentration (adj. r2 = 0.59, increasing to adj. r2 = 0.81 when combined with the spectral index). B foliar concentration was consistently better predicted by canopy structure with a maximum adj. r2 = 0.41 observed at the latest growth stage surveyed. Overall, combining information about canopy structure and spectral reflectance increased model fit for all measured nutrients compared to spectral alone. These results suggest that an important relationship exists between relative canopy shape and crop health that can be leveraged to improve the usefulness of low cost UAS for precision agriculture.}, number={3}, journal={Drones}, publisher={MDPI AG}, author={Montgomery, Kellyn and Henry, Josh and Vann, Matthew and Whipker, Brian E. and Huseth, Anders and Mitasova, Helena}, year={2020}, month={Jul}, pages={36} }
 @article{mahoney_jordan_roma-burgos_jennings_leon_vann_everman_cahoon_2020, title={Susceptibility of Palmer amaranth (Amaranthus palmeri) to herbicides in accessions collected from the North Carolina Coastal Plain}, volume={68}, ISSN={["1550-2759"]}, url={http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/wsc.2020.67}, DOI={10.1017/wsc.2020.67}, abstractNote={Abstract}, number={6}, journal={WEED SCIENCE}, publisher={Cambridge University Press (CUP)}, author={Mahoney, Denis J. and Jordan, David L. and Roma-Burgos, Nilda and Jennings, Katherine M. and Leon, Ramon G. and Vann, Matthew C. and Everman, Wesley J. and Cahoon, Charles W.}, year={2020}, month={Nov}, pages={582–593} }
 @article{agronomic practices affecting nicotine concentration in flue-cured tobacco: a review_2019, DOI={doi:10.2134/agronj2019.04.0268}, abstractNote={Proposed regulations mandating lower nicotine concentrations in tobacco (Nicotiana tabacum L.) products will likely require changes in tobacco production to reduce nicotine while maintaining yield and quality. The agronomic practices used for tobacco production have a significant impact on the synthesis and accumulation of nicotine in flue‐cured tobacco. Nicotine is the primary alkaloid in flue‐cured tobacco and is one of the main reasons for its commercial production. Most agronomic practices that improve plant health and yield have a positive effect on nicotine production and accumulation. Some of the most important factors that affect nicotine concentrations are N fertilization, planting density, topping practices, sucker control, and harvesting practices. The amount of N available to the plant has a substantial effect on nicotine, as N is a primary component of the nicotine molecule. Factors leading to higher N uptake lead to higher nicotine concentrations. Plant and leaf densities within the field also have a significant effect on nicotine, where increasing densities leads to lower nicotine concentrations. Flowering and sucker production are both significant sinks of energy and other resources. Eliminating the inflorescence via topping and controlling suckers lead to higher nicotine concentrations. In fact, substantial nicotine synthesis and accumulation occurs in the days and weeks following topping. This comprehensive review discusses the agronomic factors affecting alkaloid production in flue‐cured tobacco, and how these factors can be adjusted to manipulate the ultimate nicotine concentration.}, journal={Agronomy Journal}, year={2019}, month={Sep} }
 @misc{henry_vann_lewis_2019, title={Agronomic Practices Affecting Nicotine Concentration in Flue-Cured Tobacco: A Review}, volume={111}, ISSN={["1435-0645"]}, DOI={10.2134/agronj2019.04.0268}, abstractNote={Proposed regulations mandating lower nicotine concentrations in tobacco (Nicotiana tabacum L.) products will likely require changes in tobacco production to reduce nicotine while maintaining yield and quality. The agronomic practices used for tobacco production have a significant impact on the synthesis and accumulation of nicotine in flue‐cured tobacco. Nicotine is the primary alkaloid in flue‐cured tobacco and is one of the main reasons for its commercial production. Most agronomic practices that improve plant health and yield have a positive effect on nicotine production and accumulation. Some of the most important factors that affect nicotine concentrations are N fertilization, planting density, topping practices, sucker control, and harvesting practices. The amount of N available to the plant has a substantial effect on nicotine, as N is a primary component of the nicotine molecule. Factors leading to higher N uptake lead to higher nicotine concentrations. Plant and leaf densities within the field also have a significant effect on nicotine, where increasing densities leads to lower nicotine concentrations. Flowering and sucker production are both significant sinks of energy and other resources. Eliminating the inflorescence via topping and controlling suckers lead to higher nicotine concentrations. In fact, substantial nicotine synthesis and accumulation occurs in the days and weeks following topping. This comprehensive review discusses the agronomic factors affecting alkaloid production in flue‐cured tobacco, and how these factors can be adjusted to manipulate the ultimate nicotine concentration.}, number={6}, journal={AGRONOMY JOURNAL}, author={Henry, Josh B. and Vann, Matthew C. and Lewis, Ramsey S.}, year={2019}, pages={3067–3075} }
 @article{finch_vann_fisher_wells_brown_2019, title={Lower-Leaf Removal and Nitrogen Application Programs for Flue-Cured Tobacco Production}, volume={111}, ISSN={["1435-0645"]}, DOI={10.2134/agronj2018.10.0637}, abstractNote={Core Ideas
Lower‐leaf removal will reduce cured leaf yield but can reduce the portion of lower‐demand stalk positionsNitrogen application after leaf removal is of limited value and is currently discouragedIf these programs are to find commercial success, a higher selling price should be offered by leaf purchasers
}, number={4}, journal={AGRONOMY JOURNAL}, author={Finch, Camden E. and Vann, Matthew C. and Fisher, Loren R. and Wells, Randy and Brown, A. Blake}, year={2019}, pages={1933–1939} }
 @article{perceptions of undergraduate students regarding global hunger_2019, journal={NACTA}, year={2019}, month={Mar} }
 @article{mahoney_jordan_hare_leon_vann_burgos_jennings_2019, title={The Effect of Nozzle Selection and Carrier Volume on Weed Control in Soybean in North Carolina}, volume={5}, ISSN={["2374-3832"]}, DOI={10.2134/cftm2019.05.0037}, abstractNote={Core Ideas Nozzle selection did not affect PRE or POST herbicide efficacy. Carrier volumes from 7.5 to 60 gal/acre generally provided similar weed control. Soybean yield was not affected by nozzle selection or carrier volume. Lower carrier volumes may provide increased farm efficiency.}, number={1}, journal={CROP FORAGE & TURFGRASS MANAGEMENT}, author={Mahoney, Denis J. and Jordan, David L. and Hare, Andrew T. and Leon, Ramon G. and Vann, Matthew C. and Burgos, Nilda R. and Jennings, Katherine M.}, year={2019}, month={Oct} }
 @article{mahoney_jordan_hare_leon_vann_burgos_jennings_2019, title={The Influence of Postemergence Herbicide Timing and Frequency on Weed Control and Soybean Yield}, volume={5}, ISSN={["2374-3832"]}, DOI={10.2134/cftm2019.05.0036}, abstractNote={Core Ideas Optimizing herbicide timing and frequency for weed control in soybean is critical. Two or more postemergence herbicide applications were required in twin- and narrow-row soybean. Herbicide programs generally provided similar soybean yield. More intensive herbicide programs did not reduce economic returns. Understanding optimal herbicide timing and frequency is critical for mitigating weed seed return to the soil seedbank and maximizing crop yields. Research was conducted over 2016–2018 in North Carolina to determine postemergence-only herbicide application timing and the frequency necessary for adequate weed control, soybean [Glycine max (L.) Merr.] yield, and economic return in twin- and narrow-row soybean. Predominant weeds included common ragweed (Ambrosia artemisiifolia L.), large crabgrass [Digitaria sanguinalis (L.) Scop.], Palmer amaranth (Amaranthus palmeri S.Watson), and Texas millet [Urochloa texana (Buckley) R.D.Webster]. Four postemergence timings included early (EPOST), mid-postemergence, late, and very late postemergence (VLPOST) applications in various combinations. An untreated control was included for comparison. Regardless of planting pattern, broadleaf weed control was 9 to 48% higher when herbicides were applied two or more times than with single EPOST or VLPOST-only applications. Generally, two to three applications were needed to provide 100% annual grass control, whereas single applications only provided 71 to 92% control. Applying herbicides increased yield by 21 to 46% when compared with untreated soybean. In treated soybean, yield following the VLPOST treatment was generally lower than under other regimes. Trends for economic return were similar to those of yield. The data illustrate that multiple postemergence applications are needed for adequate weed control and do not adversely affect net returns. Although yields were protected with the EPOST-only treatment, caution must be taken to mitigate returning weed seed to the soil seedbank, as control for this treatment was lower than when herbicides were applied multiple times.}, number={1}, journal={CROP FORAGE & TURFGRASS MANAGEMENT}, author={Mahoney, Denis J. and Jordan, David L. and Hare, Andrew T. and Leon, Ramon G. and Vann, Matthew C. and Burgos, Nilda R. and Jennings, Katherine M.}, year={2019}, month={Nov} }
 @article{bennett_vann_fisher_2018, title={Application Methods of Organic Poultry Feather Meal to Flue-Cured Tobacco}, volume={110}, ISSN={["1435-0645"]}, DOI={10.2134/agronj2017.11.0678}, abstractNote={Core Ideas
There is flexibility with poultry feather meal application methods.
Broadcast application before planting initiates N release earlier.
Sidedress application is more efficient in high rainfall growing seasons.
}, number={5}, journal={AGRONOMY JOURNAL}, publisher={American Society of Agronomy}, author={Bennett, Nathan and Vann, Matthew and Fisher, Loren}, year={2018}, pages={1874–1882} }
 @article{mason_vann_fisher_mcginnis_2018, title={Late-Season Nitrogen Application to Tobacco Produced in Fine-Textured Soils}, volume={4}, ISSN={["2374-3832"]}, DOI={10.2134/cftm2018.02.0007}, abstractNote={Core Ideas
Nitrogen is key to maximum leaf yield and quality.
Nitrogen management is currently based upon expected conditions.
Alternative strategies could improve N management.
Alternative strategies are not suitable for fine‐textured soil types.
}, number={1}, journal={CROP FORAGE & TURFGRASS MANAGEMENT}, publisher={American Society of Agronomy}, author={Mason, J. Hunter and Vann, Matthew C. and Fisher, Loren R. and McGinnis, Michelle S.}, year={2018}, month={Jul} }
 @article{henry_vann_mccall_cockson_whipker_2018, title={Nutrient Disorders o Burley and Flue-Cured Tobacco: Part 1-Macronutrient Deficiencies}, volume={4}, ISSN={["2374-3832"]}, DOI={10.2134/cftm2017.11.0076}, abstractNote={Core Ideas
Recognizing macronutrient disorders is important for commercial production.
Foliar nutrient concentrations were identified for burley and flue‐cured tobacco.
Symptoms and critical values were compared with published results.
}, number={1}, journal={CROP FORAGE & TURFGRASS MANAGEMENT}, publisher={American Society of Agronomy}, author={Henry, Josh B. and Vann, Matthew and McCall, Ingram and Cockson, Paul and Whipker, Brian E.}, year={2018}, month={Mar} }
 @article{henry_vann_mccall_cockson_whipker_2018, title={Nutrient Disorders of Burley and Flue-Cured Tobacco: Part 2-Micronutrient Disorders}, volume={4}, ISSN={["2374-3832"]}, DOI={10.2134/cftm2017.11.0077}, abstractNote={Core Ideas
Recognizing micronutrient disorders is important for commercial production.
Unique, previously unobserved nutrient disorder symptoms were observed.
Foliar nutrient concentrations were identified for burley and flue‐cured tobacco.
Symptoms and critical values were compared with published results.
}, number={1}, journal={CROP FORAGE & TURFGRASS MANAGEMENT}, publisher={American Society of Agronomy}, author={Henry, Josh B. and Vann, Matthew and McCall, Ingram and Cockson, Paul and Whipker, Brian E.}, year={2018}, month={Mar} }
 @inbook{vann_fisher_inman_2018, place={Boca Raton, FL}, title={Sustainable Weed Control in Tobacco}, booktitle={Weed Control: Sustainability, Hazards, and Risks in Cropping Systems Worldwide}, publisher={CRC Press-Taylor and Francis Group}, author={Vann, M.C. and Fisher, L.R. and Inman, M.D.}, editor={Korres, N.E. and Burgos, N.R. and Duke, S.O.Editors}, year={2018}, pages={367–382} }
 @article{vann_fisher_wells_jordan_heitman_2017, title={Alternative Ridging Practices for Flue-Cured Tobacco Production in North Carolina}, volume={3}, ISSN={2374-3832}, url={http://dx.doi.org/10.2134/cftm2017.02.0016}, DOI={10.2134/cftm2017.02.0016}, abstractNote={Core Ideas
Alternative ridging methods could prove beneficial for tobacco producers.
Conservation tillage efforts have demonstrated little success.
Fine‐textured soils will require special management considerations.
Soil resistance is considered to be a limiting production factor.
Coarse‐textured soils appear to be better suited than fine‐textured soils.
}, number={1}, journal={Crop, Forage & Turfgrass Management}, publisher={Wiley}, author={Vann, Matthew C. and Fisher, Loren R. and Wells, Randy and Jordan, David L. and Heitman, Joshua L.}, year={2017}, month={Jun}, pages={cftm2017.02.0016} }
 @article{vann_fisher_whitley_2017, title={Cyantraniliprole and Spinosad Residues in Flue-Cured Tobacco}, volume={54}, url={http://www.tobaccoscienceonline.org/doi/full/10.3381/17-059}, DOI={10.3381/17-059}, number={1}, journal={Tobacco Science}, author={Vann, M.C. and Fisher, L.R. and Whitley, D.S.}, year={2017}, month={Jan}, pages={1–3} }
 @article{vann_bennett_fisher_reberg-horton_burrack_2017, title={Poultry Feather Meal Application in Organic Flue-Cured Tobacco Production}, volume={109}, ISSN={["1435-0645"]}, url={https://dl.sciencesocieties.org/publications/aj/articles/109/6/2800?highlight=&search-result=1}, DOI={10.2134/agronj2017.05.0287}, abstractNote={Core Ideas
Poultry feather meal is acceptable in organic flue‐cured tobacco production.
Application rates of organic N should reflect those in conventional production.
Soil moisture is critical for N mineralization and assimilation.
}, number={6}, journal={AGRONOMY JOURNAL}, publisher={American Society of Agronomy}, author={Vann, Matthew and Bennett, Nathan and Fisher, Loren and Reberg-Horton, S. C. and Burrack, Hannah}, year={2017}, pages={2800–2807} }
 @article{vann_2017, title={Soil Applied Malefic Hydrazide Does Not Suppress Tobacco Axillary Bud Growth}, volume={3}, ISSN={["2374-3832"]}, url={https://dl.sciencesocieties.org/publications/cftm/articles/3/1/cftm2017.07.0043?highlight=&search-result=1}, DOI={10.2134/cftm2017.07.0043}, abstractNote={Core Ideas
Maleic hydrazide residues are a threat to the US tobacco industry.
Alternative application methods could prove beneficial.
Root absorption of maleic hydrazide appears to be limited.
}, number={1}, journal={CROP FORAGE & TURFGRASS MANAGEMENT}, publisher={American Society of Agronomy}, author={Vann, Matthew C.}, year={2017}, month={Dec} }
 @article{verification of nitrogen and phosphorus application rates to flue-cured tobacco_2017, journal={Tobacco Science}, year={2017} }
 @article{vann_fisher_2017, title={Verification of nitrogen and phosphorus application rates to flue-cured tobacco}, volume={54}, journal={Tobacco Science}, author={Vann, M. and Fisher, L.}, year={2017}, pages={4–5} }
 @article{wells_eickholt_lewis_vann_fisher_2016, title={Heat Unit Accumulation and Days to Anthesis Relationship in Tobacco Genotypes with an Introgressed QTL Affecting Leaf Number}, volume={56}, ISSN={["1435-0653"]}, url={http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?eid=2-s2.0-84990194504&partnerID=MN8TOARS}, DOI={10.2135/cropsci2016.04.0278}, abstractNote={Plant breeders and crop managers would benefit from an increased ability to predict the requirements for onset of anthesis in tobacco (Nicotiana tabacum L.). This study was performed to determine the relationship in the field between heat unit (HU) accumulation and the onset of anthesis in tobacco genotypes varying for the zygosity of an introgressed quantitative trait loci (QTL) designated as Many Leaves (Ml) affecting flowering team and leaf number. Three commercially important cultivars or breeding lines (Speight 168, K326, and NCTG‐61), their nearly isogenic homozygous (MlMl) and heterozygous (Mlml) counterparts, and three BC6F3 null‐segregant (mlml) lines, were evaluated at three locations and over 2 yr. Days to anthesis (DTA) and HU accumulation were determined. In each environment, the MlMl, Mlml, and mlml genotypes were found to be grouped according to the zygosity of the Ml trait, with the mlml genotypes flowering first followed by Mlml and MlMl genotypes, respectively. An exception to this trend was Speight 168 MlMl, which consistently fell within the Mlml grouping for DTA. No consistent relationships were observed between HU and DTA, which was highly variable among environments. Integrated HU (area under the HU curve) during the 28 d after transplanting (DAT) was positively associated (R2 = 0.98; P = 0.0001) with the range of DTA among all genotypes. Integrated HU was a better indicator of the pattern of HU attainment than merely the amount. Early HU exposure seemed important in determining the range in DTA amongst the genotypes examined.}, number={6}, journal={CROP SCIENCE}, author={Wells, Randy and Eickholt, David P. J. and Lewis, Ramsey and Vann, Matthew C. and Fisher, Loren R.}, year={2016}, pages={3228–3236} }
 @article{drake_vann_fisher_2015, title={INFLUENCE OF NITROGEN APPLICATION RATE ON THE YIELD, QUALITY, AND CHEMICAL COMPONENTS OF FLUE-CURED TOBACCO, PART II: APPLICATION METHOD}, volume={52}, DOI={10.3381/14-043}, abstractNote={Research was conducted in 2012 and 2013 to determine the effect of nitrogen application timing and method on the yield, quality, and leaf chemistry of flue-cured tobacco. Liquid urea–ammonium–nitrate supplied 100% of the total nitrogen and was applied in differing combinations of rates, timings, and methods. Nitrogen rates above, at, and below recommendation for specific locations were split into two, three, or four application timings depending on treatment. Nitrogen application was initiated at transplanting and concluded before or at topping. Applications of nitrogen were either soil applied at each interval or were soil applied until topping where application occurred over top to promote stalk rundown. Leaf tissue samples were collected at layby and topping to evaluate total nitrogen content throughout the growing season. Composite cured leaf tissue samples from all four stalk positions were analyzed for total alkaloid and reducing-sugar content. Yield data were collected and leaf quality was determin...}, journal={Tobacco Science}, publisher={Tobacco Science}, author={Drake, M.P and Vann, M.C and Fisher, L.R}, year={2015}, month={Jan}, pages={26–34} }
 @article{drake_vann_fisher_2015, title={NITROGEN APPLICATION RATE INFLUENCE ON YIELD, QUALITY, AND CHEMICAL CONSTITUENTS OF FLUE-CURED TOBACCO, PART I: APPLICATION TIMING}, volume={52}, DOI={10.3381/14-041r.1}, abstractNote={Research was conducted at 5 locations between 2012 and 2013 to determine the effect of nitrogen application rate and timing on yield, quality, and leaf chemistry of flue-cured tobacco. Urea–ammoniu...}, journal={Tobacco Science}, publisher={Tobacco Science}, author={Drake, M.P. and Vann, M.C. and Fisher, L.R.}, year={2015}, month={Jan}, pages={11–17} }
 @article{azoxystrobin, butralin, and flumetralin residues in flue-cured tobacco_2014, url={http://www.tobaccoscienceonline.org/doi/pdf/10.3381/14-034R.1}, DOI={10.3381/14-034R.1}, journal={Tobacco Science}, year={2014} }
 @article{vann_fisher_2014, title={Azoxystrobin, butralin, and flumetralin residues in flue-cured tobacco}, volume={51}, journal={Tobacco Science}, author={Vann, M.C and Fisher, L.R.}, year={2014}, pages={23–28} }
 @article{bifenthrin, clothianidin, and flubendiamide residues in flue-cured tobacco_2013, url={http://www.tobaccoscienceonline.org/doi/pdf/10.3381/13-029R.1}, DOI={10.3381/13-029R.1}, journal={Tobacco Science}, year={2013}, month={Jan} }
 @article{vann_fisher_stewart_2013, title={Bifenthrin, clothianidin, and flubendiamide residues in flue-cured tobacco}, volume={50}, journal={Tobacco Science}, author={Vann, M.C. and Fisher, L.R. and Stewart, A.M.}, year={2013}, pages={25–30} }
 @article{vann_fisher_jordan_smith_hardy_stewart_2013, title={Potassium Rate and Application Effect on Flue-Cured Tobacco}, volume={105}, ISSN={["0002-1962"]}, url={http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?eid=2-s2.0-84875203584&partnerID=MN8TOARS}, DOI={10.2134/agronj2012.0259}, abstractNote={Research was conducted at two locations in 2009 and 2010 to evaluate the effect of various K rates and application methods on the yield and quality of flue‐cured tobacco (Nicotiana tabacum L.). Treatments included five rates of K from sulfate of potash magnesia (0–0–22): 0, 84, 140, 196, and 252 kg K2O ha−1 that were applied: broadcast 1 mo before transplanting, broadcast 1 wk before transplanting, banded at transplanting, and a split application with one‐half rate banded at transplanting followed by one‐half rate banded at layby. Tissue samples were collected throughout the season at three separate growth stages: layby, topping, and after curing. Tissue samples were analyzed for total alkaloid and reducing sugars, N, P, K, and Mg content. Soil samples were collected the same day as K fertilizer application from plots not receiving supplemental K. Data were subjected to ANOVA using the PROC GLM procedure in SAS. Treatment means were separated using Fisher’s Protected LSD test at p ≤ 0.05. Application method and timing had no effect on any measured parameters; furthermore, crop yield and quality was not affected by K rates >0 kg K2O ha−1 at three of four locations. It is likely that early broadcast applications of K2O with current rate recommendations would only be of concern with combinations of conditions that included coarse soil textures, low K indices, and/or excessive leaching rainfall.}, number={2}, journal={AGRONOMY JOURNAL}, author={Vann, Matthew C. and Fisher, Loren R. and Jordan, David L. and Smith, W. David and Hardy, David H. and Stewart, Alexander M.}, year={2013}, pages={304–310} }
 @article{vann_fisher_jordan_hardy_smith_stewart_2012, title={THE EFFECT OF POTASSIUM RATE ON THE YIELD AND QUALITY OF FLUE-CURED TOBACCO (NICOTIANA TABACUM L.)}, volume={49}, DOI={10.3381/12-019r.1}, abstractNote={Research was conducted at 2 locations in 2009 and 2010 to determine the effect of potassium rate on the yield and quality of flue-cured tobacco. Treatments included 8 rates of potassium from sulfate of potash magnesia (K-Mag, 0–0–22): 0, 84, 112, 140, 168, 196, 224, and 252 kg K2O ha−1. A complete (N–P–K) fertilizer that supplied 134 kg K2O ha−1 was also included as a control treatment. All fertilizer was applied in a single band application within 10 days after transplanting. Yield was measured and samples were assigned an official U.S. Department of Agriculture (USDA) grade. Crop value was determined based on yield and grade. Tissue samples were collected throughout the season at 3 separate times: at layby, at topping, and after curing. Tissue samples were analyzed for total alkaloid and reducing sugar content as well as N, P, K, and Mg content at North Carolina State University. Soil samples were also collected at transplanting, which corresponded with potassium fertilizer application, and were analyze...}, journal={Tobacco Science}, publisher={Tobacco Science}, author={Vann, M. C. and Fisher, L. R. and Jordan, D. L. and Hardy, D. H. and Smith, W. D. and Stewart, A. M.}, year={2012}, month={Jan}, pages={14–20} }