Works (102)

Updated: December 9th, 2024 08:35

2024 journal article

2024 ISFM and AAFP consensus guidelines on the long-term use of NSAIDs in cats

JOURNAL OF FELINE MEDICINE AND SURGERY, 26(4).

By: S. Taylor, M. Gruen n, K. Kukanich*, B. Lascelles n, B. Monteiro*, L. Sampietro, S. Robertson*, P. Steagall*

author keywords: Carprofen; meloxicam; robenacoxib; analgesia; chronic kidney disease; osteoarthritis; degenerative joint disease; pain management; chronic pain
Sources: Web Of Science, NC State University Libraries
Added: June 24, 2024

2024 journal article

A randomized, controlled clinical trial demonstrates improved owner-assessed cognitive function in senior dogs receiving a senolytic and NAD plus precursor combination

SCIENTIFIC REPORTS, 14(1).

author keywords: Aging; Senolytic; NAD plus; Canine cognitive dysfunction syndrome; Cognitive impairment; Longevity
Sources: Web Of Science, NC State University Libraries
Added: June 24, 2024

2024 conference paper

Automated Depth Sensing-Based Computer Vision for Dog Tail Wagging Interpretation

Martin, D., Park, J., Carson, M., Gruen, M., Bozkurt, A., & Roberts, D. L. (2024, December 2).

By: D. Martin, J. Park, M. Carson, M. Gruen, A. Bozkurt & D. Roberts

Source: ORCID
Added: November 28, 2024

2024 journal article

Establishing a clinically applicable frailty phenotype screening tool for aging dogs

FRONTIERS IN VETERINARY SCIENCE, 11.

By: K. Russell n, A. Mondino n, G. Fefer n, E. Griffith n, K. Saker n, M. Gruen n, N. Olby n

author keywords: frailty; canine frailty; frailty phenotype; geriatric; aging dogs
UN Sustainable Development Goal Categories
3. Good Health and Well-being (OpenAlex)
Sources: Web Of Science, NC State University Libraries
Added: October 21, 2024

2024 journal article

Pilot Study on the Efficacy and Safety of Long-Term Oral Imepitoin Treatment for Control of (Thunder)Storm-Associated Noise Phobia/Noise Aversion in Dogs Using an Individualized-Dose Titration Approach

ANIMALS, 14(4).

By: A. Munoz Amezcua n, J. Jones n, E. Griffith n & M. Gruen n

author keywords: imepitoin; storm; anxiety; anxiolytic; antiepileptic; noise; phobia; clinical trial
TL;DR: Imepitoin given during storm season at doses ranging from 10 to 30 mg/kg PO BID reduced clinical signs of fear and anxiety during storms for the dogs in this study, which supports the use of this medication at an individually titrated dose. (via Semantic Scholar)
UN Sustainable Development Goal Categories
2. Zero Hunger (OpenAlex)
Sources: Web Of Science, NC State University Libraries
Added: March 11, 2024

2024 journal article

Qualitative Exploration of the Hidden Curriculum in Communicating Dog Breed Stereotypes During Veterinary Clinical Training

Journal of Veterinary Medical Education.

By: R. Caddiell, M. Gruen n, B. Lascelles n & A. Kedrowicz n

Source: ORCID
Added: April 8, 2024

2024 journal article

Voxelwise analysis of the central hearing pathway in senior dogs reveals changes associated with fractional lifespan

SCIENTIFIC REPORTS, 14(1).

By: C. Yang n, P. Yap*, Y. Wu*, N. Zidan n, G. Fefer n, N. Nelson n, M. Gruen n, N. Olby n

author keywords: Age-related hearing loss; Central presbycusis; Canine; Diffusion tensor imaging
Sources: Web Of Science, NC State University Libraries
Added: August 19, 2024

2024 conference paper

Wireless Tension Sensors for Characterizing Dog Frailty in Veterinary Settings

Nichols, C., Wu, Y., Gruen, M., Roberts, D. L., & Bozkurt, A. (2024, December 2).

By: C. Nichols, Y. Wu, M. Gruen, D. Roberts & A. Bozkurt

Source: ORCID
Added: November 28, 2024

2023 journal article

A novel task of canine olfaction for use in adult and senior pet dogs

SCIENTIFIC REPORTS, 13(1).

By: M. Khan n, A. Mondino n, K. Russell n, B. Case n, G. Fefer n, H. Woods n, N. Olby n, M. Gruen n

MeSH headings : Dogs; Animals; Smell; Food; Aging; Neuropsychological Tests
TL;DR: A novel olfaction test using spontaneous search behavior in dogs to find a hidden food treat in a three-choice task with both light-phase and dark-phase conditions is described, making it feasible to compare between and within groups of pet dogs. (via Semantic Scholar)
Sources: Web Of Science, NC State University Libraries, ORCID
Added: February 19, 2023

2023 journal article

Activity patterns are associated with fractional lifespan, memory, and gait speed in aged dogs

SCIENTIFIC REPORTS, 13(1).

MeSH headings : Humans; Dogs; Animals; Alzheimer Disease; Longevity; Walking Speed; Gait; Cognition; Cognitive Dysfunction; Aging / psychology; Pain
TL;DR: It is found that activity patterns in dogs are associated with fractional lifespan and working memory, and dogs with higher on/off leash gait speed are more active in the afternoon of weekdays. (via Semantic Scholar)
Sources: Web Of Science, NC State University Libraries, ORCID
Added: February 19, 2023

2023 article

Age-associated changes in electroretinography measures in companion dogs

Salzman, M. M., Merten, N., Panek, W. K., Fefer, G., Mondino, A., Westermeyer, H. D., … Mowat, F. M. (2023, June 11). DOCUMENTA OPHTHALMOLOGICA, Vol. 6.

author keywords: Translational model; Aging; Retina; ERG; Canine; Anxiolytic
TL;DR: Consideration of anxiolytic medication use should be made when conducting ERG studies in dogs, as aged companion dogs have slower and reduced amplitude responses in both rod- and cone-mediated ERG. (via Semantic Scholar)
UN Sustainable Development Goal Categories
Sources: Web Of Science, NC State University Libraries, ORCID
Added: June 19, 2023

2023 journal article

Development and validation of a sleep questionnaire, SNoRE 3.0, to evaluate sleep in companion dogs

SCIENTIFIC REPORTS, 13(1).

By: A. Mondino n, C. Ludwig n, C. Menchaca n, K. Russell n, K. Simon n, E. Griffith n, A. Kis*, B. Lascelles n, M. Gruen n, N. Olby n

TL;DR: A valid and reliable questionnaire tool is described, that can be used as a cost-effective way to monitor dog sleep in clinical settings. (via Semantic Scholar)
UN Sustainable Development Goal Categories
8. Decent Work and Economic Growth (OpenAlex)
Sources: Web Of Science, NC State University Libraries
Added: October 23, 2023

2023 journal article

Longitudinal Analysis of Canine Oral Microbiome Using Whole Genome Sequencing in Aging Companion Dogs

ANIMALS, 13(24).

author keywords: oral; microbiome; canine cognitive dysfunction syndrome; Alzheimer's disease
TL;DR: The importance of defining the oral microbiota in aged dogs with a view to understanding potential therapeutic targets is shown, with an increased fungal and bacterial alpha diversity in aging dogs over time and nearly universal oral dysbiosis. (via Semantic Scholar)
Sources: Web Of Science, NC State University Libraries
Added: January 16, 2024

2023 journal article

Pain sensitivity differs between dog breeds but not in the way veterinarians believe

FRONTIERS IN PAIN RESEARCH, 4.

author keywords: healthcare provider beliefs; attitudes; stereotypes; perceptions of patient pain; canine behavior; quantitative sensory testing; animal welfare; affective states
Sources: Web Of Science, NC State University Libraries
Added: August 21, 2023

2023 journal article

Relationship between engagement with the impossible task, cognitive testing, and cognitive questionnaires in a population of aging dogs

FRONTIERS IN VETERINARY SCIENCE, 9.

By: M. Khan n, A. Mondino n, K. Russell n, B. Case n, G. Fefer n, H. Woods n, N. Olby n, M. Gruen n

author keywords: canine cognitive dysfunction syndrome; canine cognition; frustration; aging; dogs
TL;DR: The high correlation with several cognitive measures and the ease of administration of this test makes it a useful tool in evaluating canine cognitive dysfunction syndrome, however it is unclear if increased frustration or other cognitive processes are contributing to the observed changes. (via Semantic Scholar)
Sources: Web Of Science, NC State University Libraries
Added: February 6, 2023

2023 article

Response to Hansen Wheat et al.: Additional analysis further supports the early emergence of cooperative communication in dogs compared to wolves raised with more human exposure

Salomons, H., Smith, K. C. M., Callahan-Beckel, M., Callahan, M., Levy, K., Kennedy, B. S. S., … Hare, B. (2023, February 21). LEARNING & BEHAVIOR, Vol. 2.

By: H. Salomons*, K. Smith*, M. Callahan-Beckel*, M. Callahan*, K. Levy*, B. Kennedy*, E. Bray*, G. Gnanadesikan* ...

MeSH headings : Dogs; Animals; Humans; Wolves / physiology; Triticum; Domestication; Gestures
TL;DR: Additional analyses and considerations support the domestication hypothesis as laid out by Salomons et al. ( 2021). (via Semantic Scholar)
UN Sustainable Development Goal Categories
Sources: Web Of Science, NC State University Libraries
Added: March 20, 2023

2023 journal article

Sleep and cognition in aging dogs. A polysomnographic study

FRONTIERS IN VETERINARY SCIENCE, 10.

By: A. Mondino n, M. Catanzariti*, D. Mateos*, M. Khan n, C. Ludwig n, A. Kis*, M. Gruen n, N. Olby n

author keywords: NREM sleep; REM sleep; canine cognitive dysfunction syndrome; quantitative EEG; power spectrum; coherence; complexity
TL;DR: Polysomnographic recordings in dogs can detect sleep-wakefulness cycle changes associated with dementia, and their potential clinical use to monitor the progression of canine cognitive dysfunction syndrome is evaluated. (via Semantic Scholar)
Sources: Web Of Science, NC State University Libraries
Added: May 22, 2023

2023 journal article

Veterinary education and experience shape beliefs about dog breeds Part 1: Pain sensitivity

SCIENTIFIC REPORTS, 13(1).

TL;DR: It is suggested that veterinary education and clinical experiences influence pain sensitivity ratings across dog breeds, and veterinary students rated pain sensitivity across breeds of dog more similarly to veterinary faculty and staff. (via Semantic Scholar)
Sources: Web Of Science, NC State University Libraries
Added: January 2, 2024

2023 journal article

Veterinary education and experience shape beliefs about dog breeds. Part 2: Trust

SCIENTIFIC REPORTS, 13(1).

Sources: Web Of Science, NC State University Libraries
Added: January 2, 2024

2023 journal article

Winning the race with aging: age-related changes in gait speed and its association with cognitive performance in dogs

FRONTIERS IN VETERINARY SCIENCE, 10.

By: A. Mondino n, M. Khan n, B. Case n, G. Fefer n, W. Panek n, M. Gruen n, N. Olby n

author keywords: canine cognitive dysfunction syndrome; canine gerontology; mobility; walking speed; memory; attention
TL;DR: Dogs' food-motivated gait speed off leash is correlated with fractional lifespan and cognitive performance in dogs, particularly in the domains of attention and working memory and proves to be a more effective indicator of age-related deterioration and cognitive decline than gaitspeed on leash. (via Semantic Scholar)
Sources: Web Of Science, NC State University Libraries
Added: July 24, 2023

2022 journal article

2022 AAHA Pain Management Guidelines for Dogs and Cats

JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN ANIMAL HOSPITAL ASSOCIATION, 58(2), 55–76.

By: M. Gruen n, B. Lascelles n, E. Colleran, A. Gottlieb, J. Johnson, P. Lotsikas, D. Marcellin-Little*, B. Wright

MeSH headings : Animals; Cat Diseases / diagnosis; Cat Diseases / drug therapy; Cats; Dog Diseases / drug therapy; Dogs; Pain / drug therapy; Pain / veterinary; Pain Management / veterinary; Pain Measurement / veterinary
TL;DR: These updated guidelines present a practical and logical approach to the assessment and management of acute and chronic pain in canine and feline patients, and include a tiered decision tree that prioritizes the use of the most efficacious therapeutic modalities for the treatment of chronic pain. (via Semantic Scholar)
UN Sustainable Development Goal Categories
3. Good Health and Well-being (Web of Science; OpenAlex)
Sources: Web Of Science, NC State University Libraries
Added: April 18, 2022

2022 journal article

Canine Geriatric Syndrome: A Framework for Advancing Research in Veterinary Geroscience

FRONTIERS IN VETERINARY SCIENCE, 9.

By: B. McKenzie, F. Chen, M. Gruen n & N. Olby n

author keywords: aging; lifespan; healthspan; quality of life; caregiver burden
TL;DR: A new conceptual framework for aging in dogs, the Canine Geriatric Syndrome (CGS), which consists of the multiple, interrelated physical, functional, behavioral, and metabolic changes that characterize canine aging as well as the resulting clinical manifestations, including frailty, diminished quality of life, and age-associated disease is proposed. (via Semantic Scholar)
Sources: Web Of Science, NC State University Libraries
Added: November 14, 2022

2022 article

Relationship between hearing, cognitive function, and quality of life in aging companion dogs

Fefer, G., Khan, M. Z., Panek, W. K., Case, B., Gruen, M. E., & Olby, N. J. (2022, August 6). JOURNAL OF VETERINARY INTERNAL MEDICINE, Vol. 8.

By: G. Fefer n, M. Khan n, W. Panek n, B. Case n, M. Gruen n & N. Olby n

author keywords: canine cognitive dysfunction syndrome; CCDS; cognitive testing; dementia; presbycusis
MeSH headings : Aging; Animals; Cognition; Dementia / epidemiology; Dog Diseases; Dogs; Hearing; Humans; Pets; Presbycusis / epidemiology; Presbycusis / veterinary; Prospective Studies; Quality of Life
TL;DR: Presbycusis negatively alters owner‐pet interactions and is associated with poor executive performance and owner‐assessed dementia severity, and in multivariate analysis, higher CADES score was associated with worse hearing. (via Semantic Scholar)
UN Sustainable Development Goal Categories
1. No Poverty (OpenAlex)
Sources: Web Of Science, NC State University Libraries, ORCID
Added: August 22, 2022

2022 journal article

Static posturography as a novel measure of the effects of aging on postural control in dogs

PLOS ONE, 17(7).

By: A. Mondino n, G. Wagner n, K. Russell n, E. Lobaton n, E. Griffith n, M. Gruen n, B. Lascelles n, N. Olby n

Ed(s): R. Evans

MeSH headings : Acceleration; Aging; Animals; Arthralgia; Dogs; Postural Balance; Reproducibility of Results
TL;DR: It is found that pressure sensitive walkway systems are a reliable tool to evaluate postural sway in dogs; and that postural swayed is affected by morphometric parameters and increases with age and joint pain. (via Semantic Scholar)
Sources: Web Of Science, NC State University Libraries, ORCID
Added: September 12, 2022

2022 journal article

Use of Cognitive Testing, Questionnaires, and Plasma Biomarkers to Quantify Cognitive Impairment in an Aging Pet Dog Population

JOURNAL OF ALZHEIMERS DISEASE, 87(3), 1367–1378.

By: G. Fefer n, W. Panek n, M. Khan n, M. Singer n, H. Westermeyer n, F. Mowat n, D. Murdoch*, B. Case n, N. Olby n, M. Gruen n

author keywords: Blood biomarkers; canine cognitive dysfunction syndrome; CCDS; cognitive testing; dementia; neurofilament light chain; NfL
TL;DR: It is suggested that a multi-dimensional approach using a combination of questionnaires, specific cognitive tests, and pNfL concentration can be used to quantify cognitive decline in aging pet dogs. (via Semantic Scholar)
UN Sustainable Development Goal Categories
10. Reduced Inequalities (OpenAlex)
Sources: Web Of Science, NC State University Libraries
Added: June 20, 2022

2021 article

A Literature Review: Pet Bereavement and Coping Mechanisms

Park, R. M., Royal, K. D., & Gruen, M. E. (2021, June 7). JOURNAL OF APPLIED ANIMAL WELFARE SCIENCE, Vol. 6.

By: R. Park n, K. Royal n & M. Gruen n

author keywords: Pet loss; pet grief; coping mechanisms; ambiguous pet loss; disenfranchised grief
MeSH headings : Animals; Bereavement; Grief; Adaptation, Psychological
TL;DR: Overall, this review was able to identify a consensus among the literature that bereaved pet owners are likely to experience disenfranchisement surrounding their loss. (via Semantic Scholar)
UN Sustainable Development Goal Categories
Sources: ORCID, Web Of Science, NC State University Libraries
Added: June 8, 2021

2021 chapter

Aggression, overview – Dogs

In L. P. Tilley & F. W. K. Smith (Eds.), Blackwell’s Five-Minute Veterinary Consult: Canine and Feline (7th ed.). New York: Wiley-Blackwell.

By: B. Sherman & M. Gruen

Ed(s): L. Tilley & F. Smith

Source: NC State University Libraries
Added: October 10, 2020

2021 journal article

Assessment of Sensory Thresholds in Dogs using Mechanical and Hot Thermal Quantitative Sensory Testing

JOVE-JOURNAL OF VISUALIZED EXPERIMENTS, 10(176).

By: R. Cunningham n, R. Park n, D. Knazovicky n, B. Lascelles n & M. Gruen n

MeSH headings : Animals; Dogs; Hot Temperature; Humans; Osteoarthritis; Pain; Pain Measurement / methods; Pain Threshold / physiology; Reproducibility of Results; Sensory Thresholds / physiology
TL;DR: The QST operator and handler should be familiar and comfortable with handling dogs and interpreting dogs' behavioral responses to potentially painful stimuli to determine the endpoint of testing, reduce stress, and maintain safety during the testing process. (via Semantic Scholar)
UN Sustainable Development Goal Categories
Sources: Web Of Science, NC State University Libraries
Added: November 15, 2021

2021 journal article

Association between Dog Owner Demographics and Decision to Seek Veterinary Care

VETERINARY SCIENCES, 8(1).

By: R. Park n, M. Gruen n & K. Royal n

author keywords: canine; veterinary care; veterinarian; demographics; client; human animal interactions
TL;DR: Education, outreach and community-based veterinary medicine efforts should allocate resources to underserved communities identified within the context that they are affected by barriers to obtaining veterinary care for their dog(s). (via Semantic Scholar)
UN Sustainable Development Goal Categories
16. Peace, Justice and Strong Institutions (OpenAlex)
Sources: Web Of Science, NC State University Libraries, ORCID
Added: January 6, 2021

2021 journal article

Cooperative Communication with Humans Evolved to Emerge Early in Domestic Dogs

CURRENT BIOLOGY, 31(14), 3137-+.

By: H. Salomons*, K. Smith*, M. Callahan-Beckel*, M. Callahan*, K. Levy*, B. Kennedy*, E. Bray*, G. Gnanadesikan* ...

MeSH headings : Animals; Behavior, Animal; Biological Evolution; Cognition; Communication; Dogs; Domestication; Gestures; Human-Animal Interaction; Humans; Wolves
UN Sustainable Development Goal Categories
Sources: Web Of Science, NC State University Libraries
Added: August 16, 2021

2021 journal article

Evaluation of Pexion(R) (imepitoin) for treatment of storm anxiety in dogs: A randomised, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial

VETERINARY RECORD, 188(9).

By: I. Perdew n, C. Emke n, B. Johnson n, V. Dixit n, Y. Song n, E. Griffith n, P. Watson*, M. Gruen n

MeSH headings : Animals; Anxiety / drug therapy; Dog Diseases / drug therapy; Dogs; Double-Blind Method; Female; Imidazoles / therapeutic use; Male; Treatment Outcome; Weather
TL;DR: Imepitoin was significantly superior to placebo in storm logs and weekly surveys for weeks 2 and 4, and in the end-of-study survey, and twice daily administration of imepitoin decreased anxiety scores in dogs with storm anxiety. (via Semantic Scholar)
Sources: ORCID, Web Of Science, NC State University Libraries
Added: January 22, 2021

2021 article

Evaluation of a nutritional supplement for the alleviation of pain associated with feline degenerative joint disease: a prospective, randomized, stratified, double-blind, placebo-controlled clinical trial

Cunningham, R., Gruen, M. E., Thomson, A., & Lascelles, B. D. X. (2021, November 1). JOURNAL OF FELINE MEDICINE AND SURGERY, Vol. 11.

author keywords: Glucosamine hydrochloride; chondroitin sulfate; nutritional supplement; mobility; accelerometer; activity
MeSH headings : Animals; Cat Diseases / drug therapy; Cats; Chondroitin Sulfates / therapeutic use; Double-Blind Method; Glucosamine / therapeutic use; Joint Diseases / veterinary; Musculoskeletal Pain / drug therapy; Musculoskeletal Pain / veterinary; Prospective Studies; Quality of Life; Treatment Outcome
TL;DR: This study showed a strong placebo effect and the glucosamine/chondroitin sulfate supplement did not show pain-relieving effects when compared with placebo, and no differences in activity were seen between the groups. (via Semantic Scholar)
UN Sustainable Development Goal Categories
2. Zero Hunger (OpenAlex)
Sources: ORCID, Web Of Science, NC State University Libraries
Added: November 2, 2021

2021 chapter

Feline compulsive disorders

In L. P. Tilley & F. W. K. Smith (Eds.), Blackwell’s Five-Minute Veterinary Consult: Canine and Feline (7th ed.). New York: Wiley-Blackwell.

By: M. Gruen & B. Sherman

Ed(s): L. Tilley & F. Smith

Source: NC State University Libraries
Added: October 10, 2020

2021 chapter

Feline housesoiling

In L. P. Tilley & F. W. K. Smith (Eds.), Blackwell’s Five-Minute Veterinary Consult: Canine and Feline (7th ed.). New York: Wiley-Blackwell.

By: M. Gruen & B. Sherman

Ed(s): L. Tilley & F. Smith

Source: NC State University Libraries
Added: October 10, 2020

2021 article

Frunevetmab, a felinized anti-nerve growth factor monoclonal antibody, for the treatment of pain from osteoarthritis in cats

Gruen, M. E., Myers, J. A. E., Tena, J.-K. S., Becskei, C., Cleaver, D. M., & Lascelles, B. D. X. (2021, November 1). JOURNAL OF VETERINARY INTERNAL MEDICINE, Vol. 11.

By: M. Gruen n, J. Myers*, J. Tena*, C. Becskei*, D. Cleaver* & B. Lascelles n

author keywords: arthritis; client specific outcome measures; CSOM; degenerative joint disease; feline; feline musculoskeletal pain index; FMPI
MeSH headings : Animals; Antibodies, Monoclonal / therapeutic use; Cat Diseases / drug therapy; Cats; Double-Blind Method; Osteoarthritis / drug therapy; Osteoarthritis / veterinary; Pain / veterinary; Surveys and Questionnaires; Treatment Outcome
TL;DR: Frunevetmab has the potential to address a critical gap in the treatment of pain because of osteoarthritis in cats and has been evaluated in a randomized, placebo‐controlled, parallel‐group, double‐blind superiority study. (via Semantic Scholar)
Sources: ORCID, Web Of Science, NC State University Libraries
Added: November 2, 2021

2021 journal article

Improved neurocognitive performance in FIV infected cats following treatment with the p75 neurotrophin receptor ligand LM11A-31

JOURNAL OF NEUROVIROLOGY, 27(2), 302–324.

By: J. Fogle n, L. Hudson n, A. Thomson n, B. Sherman n, M. Gruen n, B. Lacelles n, B. Colby n, G. Clary*, F. Longo*, R. Meeker*

author keywords: Human immunodeficiency virus; Neurocognitive; Neurotrophin; Therapy; Behavior; Neuroprotection
MeSH headings : Animals; Cats; Cognition Disorders / virology; Feline Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome / complications; Immunodeficiency Virus, Feline; Isoleucine / analogs & derivatives; Isoleucine / pharmacology; Morpholines / pharmacology; Neuroprotective Agents / pharmacology; Receptor, Nerve Growth Factor / agonists
TL;DR: The data indicate that LM11A-31 is likely to be a potent adjunctive treatment for the control of neurodegeneration in HIV infected individuals. (via Semantic Scholar)
Sources: Web Of Science, NC State University Libraries
Added: April 12, 2021

2021 journal article

Randomized, Placebo-Controlled Prospective Clinical Trial Evaluating the Efficacy of the Assisi Anti-anxiety Device (Calmer Canine) for the Treatment of Canine Separation Anxiety

FRONTIERS IN VETERINARY SCIENCE, 8.

By: K. Pankratz n, J. Korman*, C. Emke n, B. Johnson n, E. Griffith n & M. Gruen n

author keywords: dog; pulsed electro-magnetic field (PEMF); behavior; fear; separation distress; separation-related behaviors
TL;DR: This study supports the efficacy and safety of this PEMF device for treatment of SA in dogs and assesses its impact on other anxieties or combination of anxiety disorders in dogs. (via Semantic Scholar)
Sources: Web Of Science, NC State University Libraries
Added: January 18, 2022

2021 article

Refinement of the Feline Musculoskeletal Pain Index (FMPI) and development of the short-form FMPI

Enomoto, M., Lascelles, B. D. X., Robertson, J. B., & Gruen, M. E. (2021, May 18). JOURNAL OF FELINE MEDICINE AND SURGERY, Vol. 24.

By: M. Enomoto n, B. Lascelles n, J. Robertson n & M. Gruen n

author keywords: Osteoarthritis; pain; musculoskeletal disease; degenerative joint disease; behavioral change; outcome measure
MeSH headings : Analgesics; Animals; Cat Diseases / diagnosis; Cat Diseases / drug therapy; Cats; Musculoskeletal Pain / veterinary; Reproducibility of Results; Surveys and Questionnaires
TL;DR: The proposed FMPI-sf may be able to better distinguish between placebo and analgesic effects in cats with DJD and its reliability was reassessed using the data sets described above. (via Semantic Scholar)
UN Sustainable Development Goal Categories
3. Good Health and Well-being (Web of Science; OpenAlex)
Sources: ORCID, Web Of Science, NC State University Libraries
Added: May 19, 2021

2021 journal article

Robenacoxib shows efficacy for the treatment of chronic degenerative joint disease-associated pain in cats: a randomized and blinded pilot clinical trial

Scientific Reports Volume, 11(1), 7721.

By: D. Adrian n, J. King, R. Parrish*, S. King*, S. Budsberg*, M. Gruen n, B. Lascelles n

MeSH headings : Animals; Cat Diseases / drug therapy; Cats; Diphenylamine / analogs & derivatives; Diphenylamine / therapeutic use; Female; Joint Diseases / complications; Joint Diseases / veterinary; Male; Osteoarthritis / complications; Osteoarthritis / veterinary; Pain / complications; Pain / veterinary; Pain Management / veterinary; Phenylacetates / therapeutic use; Pilot Projects; Placebos
TL;DR: Results identified suitable endpoints for confirmatory studies, while also indicating efficacy of robenacoxib in cats with DJD-pain, and decreased owner-assessed disability. (via Semantic Scholar)
Sources: Web Of Science, NC State University Libraries, ORCID
Added: April 18, 2021

2021 journal article

Sustained Gaze Is a Reliable In-home Test of Attention for Aging Pet Dogs

FRONTIERS IN VETERINARY SCIENCE, 8.

By: J. Hoel n, G. Templeton n, G. Fefer n, B. Case n, A. Shah n, M. Gruen n, N. Olby n

author keywords: Canine Cognitive Dysfunction Syndrome; cognitive testing; dementia; executive function; attention; cognitive impairment
TL;DR: It is concluded that owners can perform the sustained gaze test at home and that data generated are reliable and correlate to CADES, a validated measure of dementia. (via Semantic Scholar)
Sources: Web Of Science, NC State University Libraries
Added: January 24, 2022

2020 journal article

A Systematic Literature Review of Animal-Assisted Interventions in Oncology (Part I): Methods and Results

Integrative Cancer Therapies, 19, 1–19.

By: T. Holder n, M. Gruen n, D. Roberts n, T. Somers* & A. Bozkurt n

author keywords: animal-assisted interventions; animal-assisted activities; animal-assisted therapy; oncology; cancer; human-animal bond; quantitative
MeSH headings : Affect; Animal Assisted Therapy; Animals; Dogs; Humans; Medical Oncology; Neoplasms / drug therapy; Quality of Life
TL;DR: This systematic literature review focuses on the research methods and quantitative results of AAI studies in oncology and finds methodological consistency in the use of canines as therapy animals, in the types of high-risk patients excluded from studies, and in the infection precautions taken with therapy animals throughout cancer wards. (via Semantic Scholar)
Sources: Web Of Science, NC State University Libraries
Added: September 14, 2020

2020 review

A Systematic Literature Review of Animal-Assisted Interventions in Oncology (Part II): Theoretical Mechanisms and Frameworks

[Review of ]. INTEGRATIVE CANCER THERAPIES, 19.

By: T. Holder n, M. Gruen n, D. Roberts n, T. Somers* & A. Bozkurt n

author keywords: animal-assisted interventions; animal-assisted activities; animal-assisted therapy; oncology; cancer; human-animal bond; mechanisms; theoretical frameworks
MeSH headings : Animals; Humans; Medical Oncology; Quality of Life
TL;DR: This review aids progress toward a unified theoretical framework and toward more holistic cancer treatments by discussing concepts of neurobiological transduction connecting mechanisms to AAI benefits. (via Semantic Scholar)
Sources: Web Of Science, NC State University Libraries
Added: January 19, 2021

2020 journal article

A functional linear modeling approach to sleep-wake cycles in dogs

SCIENTIFIC REPORTS, 10(1).

MeSH headings : Algorithms; Animals; Behavior, Animal; Dogs; Models, Biological; Sleep / physiology; Wakefulness / physiology
TL;DR: It is demonstrated that FLM can be used to describe normal sleep–wake cycles of healthy adult dogs and the effects of physiologic traits on these patterns of activity, and makes it possible to characterize deviations from normal patterns, including those associated with chronic pain and cognitive dysfunction syndrome. (via Semantic Scholar)
Sources: Web Of Science, NC State University Libraries
Added: January 25, 2021

2020 journal article

Cognitive characteristics of 8-to 10-week-old assistance dog puppies

ANIMAL BEHAVIOUR, 166, 193–206.

author keywords: assistance dog; behaviour; canine; cognition; development; temperament
TL;DR: The results confirm the early emergence of sensitivity to human communication in dogs and contextualize these skills within a broad array of other cognitive abilities measured at the same stage of ontogeny. (via Semantic Scholar)
UN Sustainable Development Goal Categories
Sources: Web Of Science, NC State University Libraries
Added: August 24, 2020

2020 journal article

Development of a checklist for the detection of degenerative joint disease-associated pain in cats

Journal of Feline Medicine and Surgery.

By: M. Enomoto n, B. Lascelles n & M. Gruen n

author keywords: Osteoarthritis; pain; checklist; musculoskeletal disease; degenerative joint disease; screening; behavioral change
MeSH headings : Animals; Cat Diseases / diagnosis; Cats; Checklist; Cross-Sectional Studies; Female; Joint Diseases / diagnosis; Joint Diseases / veterinary; Male; Pain / diagnosis; Pain Measurement / methods; Pain Measurement / veterinary; Sensitivity and Specificity
TL;DR: An evidence-based, clinically expedient checklist to identify cats likely to have degenerative joint disease (DJD)-associated pain and the identified behaviors comprising the checklist may further provide a foundation for increasing awareness of DJD pain among cat owners. (via Semantic Scholar)
Source: ORCID
Added: March 3, 2020

2020 journal article

Do dog breeds differ in pain sensitivity? Veterinarians and the public believe they do

PLOS ONE.

By: M. Gruen*, P. White* & B. Hare*

Ed(s): I. Olsson

MeSH headings : Animals; Clinical Competence; Dogs / physiology; Female; Health Knowledge, Attitudes, Practice; Humans; Male; Pain / diagnosis; Pain / veterinary; Pain Management; Pain Threshold / physiology; Species Specificity; Surveys and Questionnaires / statistics & numerical data; Veterinarians / statistics & numerical data
TL;DR: It is suggested that the perception of breed-level differences in pain sensitivity may affect the recognition and management of painful conditions in dogs. (via Semantic Scholar)
Source: ORCID
Added: March 18, 2020

2020 journal article

Dog cognitive development: a longitudinal study across the first 2 years of life

ANIMAL COGNITION, 24(2), 311–328.

author keywords: Assistance dog; Behavior; Cognition; Development; Longitudinal; Individual differences
MeSH headings : Animals; Cognition; Dogs; Executive Function; Longitudinal Studies; Memory; Reversal Learning
TL;DR: It is found that young adult performance on many cognitive tasks could be predicted from a set of cognitive measures collected in early development, and individual differences were both early emerging and enduring. (via Semantic Scholar)
UN Sustainable Development Goal Categories
Sources: Web Of Science, NC State University Libraries
Added: November 24, 2020

2020 journal article

Evaluation of repeated dosing of a dexmedetomidine oromucosal gel for treatment of noise aversion in dogs over a series of noise events

VETERINARY RECORD, 187(12).

By: M. Gruen n, B. Case n, J. Robertson n, S. Campbell* & M. Korpivaara*

MeSH headings : Animals; Anti-Anxiety Agents / administration & dosage; Anti-Anxiety Agents / therapeutic use; Anxiety / drug therapy; Behavior, Animal / drug effects; Cost of Illness; Dexmedetomidine / administration & dosage; Dexmedetomidine / therapeutic use; Dogs / psychology; Fear / drug effects; Female; Gels; Humans; Male; Noise / adverse effects; Surveys and Questionnaires
TL;DR: Repeated use of dexmedetomidine gel for noise events resulted in decreased need for administration and overall burden of care was manageable, yet many owners agreed with statements regarding frustration, stress, guilt, guilt and sadness about their dog’s condition. (via Semantic Scholar)
Sources: ORCID, Web Of Science, NC State University Libraries
Added: September 30, 2020

2020 chapter

Growing old with grace: old cats should learn new tricks

In M. E. Herron, D. F. Horwitz, C. Siracusa, & S. Dale (Eds.), Decoding Your Cat. Boston, MA: Houghton Mifflin Harcourt.

By: M. Gruen & J. Albright

Ed(s): M. Herron, D. Horwitz, C. Siracusa & S. Dale

Source: NC State University Libraries
Added: October 10, 2020

2020 article

Improved neurocognitive performance in FIV infected cats following treatment with the p75 neurotrophin receptor ligand LM11A-31

Fogle, J. E., Hudson, L., Thomson, A., Sherman, B., Gruen, M., Lacelles, B. D., … Meeker, R. B. (2020, June 17).

By: J. Fogle n, L. Hudson n, A. Thomson n, B. Sherman n, M. Gruen n, B. Lacelles n, B. Colby n, G. Clary*, F. Longo*, R. Meeker*

UN Sustainable Development Goal Categories
3. Good Health and Well-being (OpenAlex)
Source: ORCID
Added: June 19, 2020

2020 journal article

Pain and Problem Behavior in Cats and Dogs

ANIMALS, 10(2).

By: D. Mills*, I. Demontigny-Bedard*, M. Gruen n, M. Klinck, K. McPeake*, A. Barcelos*, L. Hewison*, H. Van Haevermaet* ...

author keywords: adjunctive behavior; aggression; attention seeking; compulsive behavior; house-soiling; pain; pica; stereotypy
TL;DR: It is concluded that, in general, it is better for veterinarians to treat suspected pain first rather than consider its significance only when the animal does not respond to behavior therapy, which is seriously limiting the recognition of this welfare problem. (via Semantic Scholar)
Sources: Web Of Science, NC State University Libraries
Added: May 8, 2020

2020 journal article

Plasma Amyloid Beta Concentrations in Aged and Cognitively Impaired Pet Dogs

MOLECULAR NEUROBIOLOGY, 58(2), 483–489.

By: W. Panek n, D. Murdoch*, M. Gruen n, F. Mowat n, R. Marek* & N. Olby n

Contributors: W. Panek n, D. Murdoch*, M. Gruen n, F. Mowat n, R. Marek* & N. Olby n

author keywords: Canine; Cognitive dysfunction; Alzheimer's disease; CDS; Amyloid beta 42; Amyloid beta 40
MeSH headings : Aging / blood; Amyloid beta-Peptides / blood; Animals; Cognitive Dysfunction / blood; Dogs / blood; Female; Male; Pets / blood
TL;DR: The findings suggest the dynamics of canine plasma amyloid concentrations are analogous to that found in aging humans with and without AD. (via Semantic Scholar)
UN Sustainable Development Goal Categories
Sources: Web Of Science, NC State University Libraries, ORCID
Added: October 12, 2020

2020 journal article

Plasma Neurofilament Light Chain as a Translational Biomarker of Aging and Neurodegeneration in Dogs

MOLECULAR NEUROBIOLOGY, 57(7), 3143–3149.

By: W. Panek n, M. Gruen n, D. Murdoch*, R. Marek*, A. Stachel n, F. Mowat*, K. Saker n, N. Olby n

Contributors: W. Panek n, M. Gruen n, D. Murdoch*, R. Marek*, A. Stachel n, F. Mowat*, K. Saker n, N. Olby n

author keywords: Canine; Cognitive dysfunction; Alzheimer's disease; Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis; Degenerative myelopathy
TL;DR: This work identified plasma NfL as a key clinical index of neuro-aging and neurodegeneration in pet dogs using an ultrasensitive single-molecule array assay to measure plasma concentrations and found it increases in an age-dependent manner and is significantly elevated in dogs diagnosed with Neurodegenerative disease. (via Semantic Scholar)
UN Sustainable Development Goal Categories
Sources: Web Of Science, NC State University Libraries, ORCID
Added: July 13, 2020

2020 journal article

Preliminary Evaluation of a Wearable Sensor System for Heart Rate Assessment in Guide Dog Puppies

IEEE SENSORS JOURNAL, 20(16), 9449–9459.

By: M. Foster n, R. Brugarolas n, K. Walker n, S. Mealin n, Z. Cleghern n, S. Yuschak n, J. Clark n, D. Adin n ...

author keywords: ECG; heart rate variability; electrodes; machine learning; 3D printing; wearable
TL;DR: A novel wireless heart rate sensing system for puppies in training as guide dogs that includes a harness with on-board electrocardiography front-end circuit, inertial measurement unit and a micro-computer with wireless capability is developed. (via Semantic Scholar)
UN Sustainable Development Goal Categories
Sources: Web Of Science, NC State University Libraries, ORCID
Added: August 10, 2020

2019 journal article

Does the cognitive bias test in dogs depend on spatial learning?

Journal of Veterinary Behavior, 33, 1–6.

By: M. Gruen n, M. Foster n, L. Lazarowski n, A. Jeffries n, B. Sherman n & D. Dorman n

author keywords: canine; cognition; delayed non-matching to position
TL;DR: The observed association between a classic test of spatial working memory (DNMP) and the Cognitive bias test suggest that the cognitive bias test may also rely on spatial learning in some dogs. (via Semantic Scholar)
UN Sustainable Development Goal Categories
10. Reduced Inequalities (OpenAlex)
13. Climate Action (Web of Science)
Sources: Crossref, NC State University Libraries
Added: September 29, 2019

2019 journal article

Functional linear modeling of activity data shows analgesic-mediated improved sleep in dogs with spontaneous osteoarthritis pain

Scientific Reports.

By: M. Gruen n, D. Samson* & B. Lascelles n

MeSH headings : Analgesics / pharmacology; Animals; Dog Diseases / drug therapy; Dog Diseases / etiology; Dog Diseases / physiopathology; Dogs; Female; Humans; Male; Meloxicam / pharmacology; Osteoarthritis / complications; Osteoarthritis / drug therapy; Osteoarthritis / physiopathology; Pain / drug therapy; Pain / etiology; Pain / physiopathology; Sleep / drug effects; Sleep / physiology; Sleep Initiation and Maintenance Disorders / drug therapy; Sleep Initiation and Maintenance Disorders / etiology; Sleep Initiation and Maintenance Disorders / physiopathology
TL;DR: Functional linear modeling is applied to accelerometry data from osteoarthritic dogs participating in a cross-over non-steroidal anti-inflammatory (meloxicam) drug trial to support dogs as an important translational model with benefits for both veterinary and human health. (via Semantic Scholar)
Source: ORCID
Added: October 4, 2019

2018 chapter

Drugs affecting animal behavior

In J. E. Reviere & M. G. Papich (Eds.), Veterinary Pharmacology and Therapeutics (10th ed., pp. 416–450). New York: Wiley.

By: M. Gruen, B. Sherman & M. Papich

Ed(s): J. Reviere & M. Papich

Source: NC State University Libraries
Added: October 10, 2020

2018 journal article

Enrichment Preferences of FIV-Infected and Uninfected Laboratory-Housed Cats

Viruses, 10(7), 353.

By: C. Kennedy n, A. Thomson*, E. Griffith n, J. Fogle n, B. Lascelles, R. Meeker*, B. Sherman*, M. Gruen*

author keywords: FIV; enrichment; welfare; feline; laboratory animal
MeSH headings : Animals; Animals, Laboratory; Cats; Feline Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome / virology; Immunodeficiency Virus, Feline / physiology
TL;DR: Cats used in a longitudinal study of the effects of chronic feline immunodeficiency virus (FIV) infection were used and it was found that cats elected to be brushed, preferred social interaction and play with the laser to the ball, and preferred to scratch on an inclined-box toenail conditioning object compared to a horizontal, circular toenails conditioning object. (via Semantic Scholar)
Sources: Web Of Science, NC State University Libraries, Crossref, ORCID
Added: October 16, 2018

2018 journal article

Pilot study evaluating the effect of feeding method on overall activity of neutered indoor pet cats

Journal of Veterinary Behavior, 25, 9–13.

By: R. Naik*, A. Witzel*, J. Albright*, K. Siegfried*, M. Gruen*, A. Thomson, J. Price*, B. Lascelles

author keywords: cat behavior; obesity; feeding method; activity; indoor
TL;DR: Although the type of feeding method in this pilot study did not affect overall activity, providing meals to cats using food toys may provide other benefits related to satiety, stress reduction, and overall well‐being. (via Semantic Scholar)
Sources: Crossref, NC State University Libraries
Added: September 29, 2019

2018 journal article

Replicate effects and test-retest reliability of quantitative sensory threshold testing in dogs with and without chronic pain

Veterinary Anaesthesia and Analgesia, 44(3), 615–624.

By: D. Knazovicky n, E. Helgeson*, B. Case n, A. Thomson n, M. Gruen n, W. Maixner*, B. Lascelles n

Sources: NC State University Libraries, NC State University Libraries, ORCID
Added: August 6, 2018

2018 journal article

Which Drugs Are Used to Treat Cognitive Dysfunction Syndrome?

Clinician's Brief. https://www.cliniciansbrief.com/article/which-drugs-are-used-treat-cognitive-dysfunction-syndrome

By: M. Gruen

Source: NC State University Libraries
Added: October 10, 2020

2017 chapter

Behavior problems in old cats

In D. F. Horwitz (Ed.), Blackwell’s Five-Minute Veterinary Consult Clinical Companion: Canine and Feline Behavior (2nd ed.). New York: Wiley-Blackwell.

By: M. Gruen

Ed(s): D. Horwitz

Source: NC State University Libraries
Added: October 10, 2020

2017 journal article

Caregiver placebo effect in analgesic clinical trials for cats with naturally occurring degenerative joint disease-associated pain

Veterinary Record, 180(19), 473–473.

By: M. Gruen n, D. Dorman n & B. Lascelles n

MeSH headings : Analgesics / therapeutic use; Animals; Caregivers / psychology; Cat Diseases / drug therapy; Cats; Female; Humans; Joint Diseases / complications; Joint Diseases / veterinary; Male; Optimism; Osteoarthritis / complications; Osteoarthritis / veterinary; Pain / drug therapy; Pain / etiology; Pain / veterinary; Placebo Effect; Treatment Outcome
TL;DR: The caregiver placebo effect across these clinical trials was remarkably high, making demonstration of efficacy for an analgesic above a placebo difficult, and further work is needed to determine whether a potential placebo-by-proxy effect could benefit cats in clinical settings. (via Semantic Scholar)
Sources: Web Of Science, NC State University Libraries, Crossref, ORCID
Added: August 6, 2018

2017 journal article

Development and preliminary validity and reliability of the montreal instrument for cat arthritis testing, for use by caretaker/owner, MI-CAT(C), via a randomised clinical trial

Applied Animal Behaviour Science, 200, 96–105.

By: M. Klinck*, M. Gruen n, J. del Castillo, M. Guillot*, A. Thomson n, M. Heit*, B. Lascelles n, E. Troncy*

author keywords: Behaviour; Degenerative joint disease/osteoarthritis; Pain measurement; Quality of life; Cats; NSAID
TL;DR: A randomised, double-blinded, placebo-controlled, crossover clinical trial was conducted, and meloxicam efficacy in 54 OA-affected cats was evaluated using the MI-CAT(C)-v2 and locomotor activity monitoring (AM). (via Semantic Scholar)
UN Sustainable Development Goal Categories
Sources: Web Of Science, NC State University Libraries, Crossref, ORCID
Added: August 6, 2018

2017 journal article

Effect of wearing a Telemetry jacket on behavioral and physiologic parameters of dogs in the open-field test

Journal of the American Association for Laboratory Animal Science, 56(4), 382–389.

By: R. Fish, M. Foster, M. Gruen, B. Sherman & D. Dorman

Source: NC State University Libraries
Added: August 6, 2018

2017 journal article

Endogenous Oxytocin, Vasopressin, and Aggression in Domestic Dogs

Frontiers in Psychology, 8.

By: E. MacLean*, L. Gesquiere*, M. Gruen*, B. Sherman n, W. Martin & C. Carter*

author keywords: oxytocin; vasopressin; aggression; dog; behavior
TL;DR: Data suggest that endogenous OT and AVP may play critical roles in shaping dog social behavior, including aspects of both affiliation and aggression. (via Semantic Scholar)
Sources: Crossref, NC State University Libraries
Added: September 29, 2019

2017 journal article

Generation of a stable transgenic swine model expressing a porcine histone 2b-egfp fusion protein for cell tracking and chromosome dynamics studies

PLoS One, 12(1).

By: R. Sper, S. Koh, X. Zhang, S. Simpson, B. Collins, J. Sommer, R. Petters, I. Caballero, J. Platt, J. Piedrahita

Source: NC State University Libraries
Added: August 6, 2018

2017 chapter

Joint pain in pet dogs and cats

In L. Arendt-Nielsen & S. Perrod (Eds.), Pain in the Joints (pp. 45–58). Philadelphia, PA: Wolters Kluwer.

By: B. Lascelles, M. Gruen & J. Innes

Ed(s): L. Arendt-Nielsen & S. Perrod

Source: NC State University Libraries
Added: October 10, 2020

2017 journal article

The Use of Functional Data Analysis to Evaluate Activity in a Spontaneous Model of Degenerative Joint Disease Associated Pain in Cats

PLOS ONE, 12(1), e0169576.

By: M. Gruen n, M. Alfaro-Córdoba n, A. Thomson n, A. Worth n, A. Staicu n & B. Lascelles n

Contributors: M. Gruen n, M. Alfaro-Córdoba n, A. Thomson n, A. Worth n, A. Staicu n & B. Lascelles n

Ed(s): J. Harezlak

MeSH headings : Accelerometry; Animals; Cat Diseases / physiopathology; Cats; Female; Male; Motor Activity / physiology; Osteoarthritis / physiopathology; Osteoarthritis / veterinary
TL;DR: Functional data analysis provides insight into the pattern of activity in cats, and an alternative method for analyzing accelerometry data that incorporates fluctuations in activity across the day. (via Semantic Scholar)
Sources: Crossref, NC State University Libraries, Web Of Science, ORCID
Added: August 6, 2018

2017 journal article

The use of trazodone to facilitate calm behavior after elective orthopedic surgery in dogs: Results and lessons learned from a clinical trial

Journal of Veterinary Behavior, 22, 41–45.

By: M. Gruen n, S. Roe n, E. Griffith n & B. Sherman n

author keywords: serotonin antagonist/reuptake inhibitor; calming; confinement; randomized clinical trial
TL;DR: Although dogs in both groups were rated as improved on some behavioral measures, no difference was found between the trazodone and placebo groups in efficacy, and it was concluded that future work will be needed to address these factors. (via Semantic Scholar)
UN Sustainable Development Goal Categories
3. Good Health and Well-being (Web of Science; OpenAlex)
Sources: Crossref, NC State University Libraries
Added: September 29, 2019

2016 journal article

A Feline-Specific Anti-Nerve Growth Factor Antibody Improves Mobility in Cats with Degenerative Joint Disease-Associated Pain: A Pilot Proof of Concept Study

Journal of Veterinary Internal Medicine, 30(4), 1138–1148.

By: M. Gruen n, A. Thomson n, E. Griffith n, H. Paradise n, D. Gearing* & B. Lascelles n

author keywords: Client-specific outcome measures; Feline musculoskeletal pain index; Osteoarthritis
MeSH headings : Analgesics, Non-Narcotic / therapeutic use; Animals; Antibodies, Monoclonal / therapeutic use; Cat Diseases / therapy; Cats; Double-Blind Method; Female; Injections, Subcutaneous / veterinary; Lameness, Animal / therapy; Male; Nerve Growth Factor / immunology; Osteoporosis / therapy; Osteoporosis / veterinary; Pain, Intractable / therapy; Pain, Intractable / veterinary; Pilot Projects; Species Specificity; Treatment Outcome
TL;DR: A 6‐week duration positive analgesic effect of this fully felinized anti‐NGF antibody in cats suffering from DJD‐associated pain is demonstrated. (via Semantic Scholar)
Sources: Web Of Science, NC State University Libraries, Crossref, ORCID
Added: August 6, 2018

2016 journal article

A comparison of serum and plasma cytokine values using a multiplexed assay in cats

Veterinary Immunology and Immunopathology, 182, 69–73.

author keywords: Biomarker; Immunoassay; Feline
MeSH headings : Animals; Biomarkers / blood; Blood Chemical Analysis / methods; Cats / blood; Cats / immunology; Cytokines / blood; Immunoassay / methods; Plasma / immunology
TL;DR: While serum and plasma agreement was generally good, detection was improved using serum samples, and alterations of cytokine concentrations have been associated with joint deterioration and pain in humans, similar changes have not been investigated in cats. (via Semantic Scholar)
Sources: Web Of Science, NC State University Libraries, Crossref, ORCID
Added: August 6, 2018

2016 journal article

A data-driven weighting scheme for multivariate phenotypic endpoints recapitulates zebrafish developmental cascades

TOXICOLOGY AND APPLIED PHARMACOLOGY, 314, 109–117.

author keywords: Zebrafish; High-dimensional; Bayesian; Developmental cascade; ToxRefDB; Risk assessment; Multiple endpoints; Multivariate; Scoring
MeSH headings : Animals; Models, Theoretical; Multivariate Analysis; Phenotype; Zebrafish / embryology
TL;DR: The results suggest that developmental cascade effects triggered by chemical exposure can be recapitulated by analyzing the relationships among endpoints, and wAggE offers a powerful approach for analysis of multivariate phenotypes that can reveal underlying etiological processes. (via Semantic Scholar)
Sources: Web Of Science, NC State University Libraries, ORCID
Added: August 6, 2018

2016 chapter

Aggression, overview – Dogs

In L. P. Tilley & F. W. K. Smith (Eds.), Blackwell’s Five-Minute Veterinary Consult; Canine and Feline (6th ed., pp. 46–49). Ames, Iowa: John Wiley and Sons.

By: B. Sherman & M. Gruen

Ed(s): L. Tilley & F. Smith

Source: NC State University Libraries
Added: October 10, 2020

2016 journal article

Attitudes of small animal practitioners toward participation in veterinary clinical trials

Journal of the American Veterinary Medical Association, 250(1), 86–97.

By: M. Gruen n, E. Griffith n, S. Caney n, M. Rishniw n & B. Lascelles n

MeSH headings : Animals; Attitude of Health Personnel; Clinical Trials as Topic / veterinary; Cross-Sectional Studies; Data Collection; Humans; Pets; Research / organization & administration; Veterinarians; Veterinary Medicine / methods
TL;DR: Attitudes of small animal practitioners toward veterinary clinical trials and variables influencing their likelihood of participating in such trials were determined and efforts should be increased to raise practitioner awareness of clinical trials for which patients might qualify. (via Semantic Scholar)
Sources: Crossref, NC State University Libraries, Web Of Science, ORCID
Added: August 6, 2018

2016 journal article

Efficacy of a single dose of trazodone hydrochloride given to cats prior to veterinary visits to reduce signs of transport- and examination-related anxiety

Journal of the American Veterinary Medical Association, 249(2), 202–207.

MeSH headings : Animal Welfare; Animals; Anti-Anxiety Agents / pharmacology; Anxiety / prevention & control; Behavior, Animal / drug effects; Cats; Cross-Over Studies; Trazodone / pharmacology
TL;DR: Oral administration of a single dose of trazodone to cats prior to a veterinary visit resulted in fewer signs of transport- and examination-related anxiety than did a placebo and was generally well tolerated by most cats. (via Semantic Scholar)
UN Sustainable Development Goal Categories
3. Good Health and Well-being (Web of Science; OpenAlex)
Sources: Web Of Science, NC State University Libraries, Crossref
Added: August 6, 2018

2016 journal article

Evaluation of Clinical Metrology Instrument in Dogs with Osteoarthritis

Journal of Veterinary Internal Medicine, 30(3), 836–846.

By: C. Muller n, B. Gaines n, M. Gruen n, B. Case n, K. Arrufat n, J. Innes, B. Lascelles n

author keywords: Analgesia; Client metrology instrument; Degenerative joint disease; Questionnaire
MeSH headings : Animals; Antibodies / immunology; Antibodies / therapeutic use; Dog Diseases / immunology; Dog Diseases / physiopathology; Dog Diseases / therapy; Dogs; Double-Blind Method; Immunotherapy / veterinary; Nerve Growth Factor / immunology; Osteoarthritis / physiopathology; Osteoarthritis / therapy; Osteoarthritis / veterinary; Pain / drug therapy; Pain / veterinary; Pain Measurement / veterinary; Pilot Projects; Proof of Concept Study
TL;DR: There is little difference between independent and dependent interviewing, however, dependent interviewing resulted in increased treatment effect sizes and investigators could increase clinical trial power through minimal change to study design. (via Semantic Scholar)
Sources: Web Of Science, NC State University Libraries, Crossref, ORCID
Added: August 6, 2018

2016 journal article

Evaluation of serum cytokines in cats with and without degenerative joint disease and associated pain

Veterinary Immunology and Immunopathology, 183, 49–59.

author keywords: Biomarker; Immunoassay; Multiplex; Arthritis
MeSH headings : Animals; Cat Diseases / blood; Cat Diseases / physiopathology; Cats; Cytokines / blood; Female; Male; Osteoarthritis / blood; Osteoarthritis / diagnostic imaging; Osteoarthritis / physiopathology; Osteoarthritis / veterinary; Pain / veterinary; Radiography / veterinary
TL;DR: Evaluating the concentration of cytokines and chemokines in serum samples obtained from cats with and without degenerative joint disease and associated pain showed that cats with higher radiographic degenerative joints disease scores have higher serum concentrations of IL-4 and IL-8, while Cats with higher orthopedic exam pain scores haveHigher concentrations ofIL-8. (via Semantic Scholar)
UN Sustainable Development Goal Categories
10. Reduced Inequalities (OpenAlex)
Sources: Crossref, NC State University Libraries
Added: July 20, 2019

2016 chapter

Feline compulsive disorders

In L. P. Tilley & F. W. K. Smith (Eds.), Blackwell’s Five-Minute Veterinary Consult: Canine and Feline (6th edition, pp. 297–298). Ames, Iowa: John Wiley and Sons.

By: M. Gruen & B. Sherman

Ed(s): L. Tilley & F. Smith

Source: NC State University Libraries
Added: October 10, 2020

2016 chapter

Feline housesoiling

In L. P. Tilley & F. W. K. Smith (Eds.), Blackwell’s Five-Minute Veterinary Consult; Canine and Feline (6th ed., pp. 639–642). Ames, Iowa: John Wiley and Sons.

By: M. Gruen & B. Sherman

Ed(s): L. Tilley & F. Smith

Source: NC State University Libraries
Added: October 10, 2020

2016 journal article

Widespread somatosensory sensitivity in naturally occurring canine model of osteoarthritis

PAIN, 157(6), 1325–1332.

By: D. Knazovicky n, E. Helgeson n, B. Case n, M. Gruen n, W. Maixner n & B. Lascelles n

Contributors: D. Knazovicky n, E. Helgeson n, B. Case n, M. Gruen n, W. Maixner n & B. Lascelles n

author keywords: Animal model; Osteoarthritis; Spontaneous osteoarthritis model; Quantitative sensory testing
MeSH headings : Animals; Arthralgia / physiopathology; Arthralgia / veterinary; Central Nervous System Sensitization / physiology; Dogs; Osteoarthritis / physiopathology; Osteoarthritis / veterinary; Pain Measurement; Pain Threshold / physiology; Physical Stimulation; Sensory Thresholds / physiology
TL;DR: The canine spontaneous OA model is associated with somatosensory sensitivity, likely indicative of central sensitization in human patients' chronic pain, and is validated as an appropriate model of the human OA pain condition. (via Semantic Scholar)
Sources: Web Of Science, NC State University Libraries, Crossref, ORCID
Added: August 6, 2018

2015 journal article

A test for the evaluation of emotional reactivity in Labrador retrievers used for explosives detection

JOURNAL OF VETERINARY BEHAVIOR-CLINICAL APPLICATIONS AND RESEARCH, 10(2), 94–102.

By: B. Sherman n, M. Gruen n, B. Case n, M. Foster n, R. Fish n, L. Lazarowski n, V. DePuy, D. Dorman n

author keywords: emotional reactivity test; anxiety scores; selection criteria; behavioral screening; explosives detection dog
TL;DR: It is concluded that the ERT is a useful pre-training screening test that can be used to identify dogs with a low threshold of emotional reactivity for rejection, anddogs with a high threshold of emotions for entry into the IDD training program. (via Semantic Scholar)
UN Sustainable Development Goal Categories
14. Life Below Water (OpenAlex)
Sources: Web Of Science, NC State University Libraries
Added: August 6, 2018

2015 journal article

Criterion Validation Testing of Clinical Metrology Instruments for Measuring Degenerative Joint Disease Associated Mobility Impairment in Cats

PLOS ONE, 10(7), e0131839.

By: M. Gruen n, E. Griffith n, A. Thomson n, W. Simpson* & B. Lascelles n

Ed(s): D. Thamm

MeSH headings : Animals; Anti-Inflammatory Agents, Non-Steroidal / therapeutic use; Cat Diseases / diagnosis; Cat Diseases / drug therapy; Cats; Cross-Over Studies; Double-Blind Method; Female; Joint Diseases / diagnosis; Joint Diseases / drug therapy; Joint Diseases / veterinary; Male; Meloxicam; Mobility Limitation; Motor Activity; Severity of Illness Index; Thiazines / therapeutic use; Thiazoles / therapeutic use; Treatment Outcome
TL;DR: Evaluated low-dose daily meloxicam for the treatment of pain associated with degenerative joint disease in cats and two clinical metrology instruments, the Feline Musculoskeletal Pain Index (FMPI) and the Client Specific Outcome Measures (CSOM) were validated. (via Semantic Scholar)
Sources: Crossref, NC State University Libraries, NC State University Libraries
Added: August 6, 2018

2015 journal article

Olfactory discrimination and generalization of ammonium nitrate and structurally related odorants in Labrador retrievers

Animal Cognition, 18(6), 1255–1265.

By: L. Lazarowski*, M. Foster n, M. Gruen n, B. Sherman n, R. Fish n, N. Milgram*, D. Dorman n

MeSH headings : Aluminum; Ammonium Compounds; Animals; Discrimination Learning; Discrimination, Psychological; Dogs; Explosive Agents; Fertilizers; Iraq; Nitrates; Odorants; Smell / physiology; Soil
UN Sustainable Development Goal Categories
Sources: NC State University Libraries, NC State University Libraries, Crossref
Added: August 6, 2018

2015 personal communication

Response to Letter to the Editor "LSU-SVM Shelter Medicine Program"

By: B. Stevens* & M. Gruen*

MeSH headings : Animal Welfare; Animals; Education, Veterinary; Emergency Shelter; Humans; Interinstitutional Relations; Louisiana; North Carolina; Preceptorship; United States
TL;DR: The intent with this article was to outline a program that would allow colleges without a mobile hospital to see the potential for developing useful programs in shelter medicine that benefit the students as well as the shelters. (via Semantic Scholar)
Sources: Web Of Science, NC State University Libraries
Added: August 6, 2018

2015 journal article

The use of an open-field model to assess sound-induced fear and anxiety-associated behaviors in Labrador retrievers

JOURNAL OF VETERINARY BEHAVIOR-CLINICAL APPLICATIONS AND RESEARCH, 10(4), 338–345.

By: M. Gruen n, B. Case n, M. Foster n, L. Lazarowski n, R. Fish n, G. Landsberg, V. Depuy, D. Dorman n, B. Sherman n

author keywords: military working dogs; open-field test; fear; anxiety; thunderstorm; gunfire
TL;DR: In general, candidate IED-detection Labrador retrievers responded to sound stimuli and recovered quickly, although dogs stratified in their response to sound stimulus, suggesting that dogs habituated to the open field arena. (via Semantic Scholar)
Sources: Web Of Science, NC State University Libraries
Added: August 6, 2018

2014 journal article

CLINICAL TRIALS INVOLVING CATS What factors affect owner participation?

JOURNAL OF FELINE MEDICINE AND SURGERY, 16(9), 727–735.

By: M. Gruen n, K. Jiamachello n, A. Thomson n & B. Lascelles n

MeSH headings : Animals; Cat Diseases / therapy; Cats; Clinical Trials as Topic / veterinary; Pilot Projects; Research Design; Veterinarians / psychology
TL;DR: The most influential factors were trust in the organization, benefit to the cat and veterinarian recommendation, which were not significantly different across groups, with ‘Free Services’ ranked highest. (via Semantic Scholar)
Sources: Web Of Science, NC State University Libraries, ORCID
Added: August 6, 2018

2014 personal communication

Chronic kidney disease in cats

By: B. Lascelles, M. Gruen, S. Vaden, B. Hansen, S. Roe & L. Hardie

Source: NC State University Libraries
Added: August 6, 2018

2014 journal article

Detection of Clinically Relevant Pain Relief in Cats with Degenerative Joint Disease Associated Pain

JOURNAL OF VETERINARY INTERNAL MEDICINE, 28(2), 346–350.

By: M. Gruen*, E. Griffith n, A. Thomson*, W. Simpson* & B. Lascelles n

author keywords: Degenerative joint disease; Client-specific outcome measures; Osteoarthritis
MeSH headings : Animals; Anti-Inflammatory Agents, Non-Steroidal / therapeutic use; Cat Diseases / diagnosis; Cat Diseases / drug therapy; Cats; Double-Blind Method; Female; Male; Meloxicam; Osteoarthritis / complications; Osteoarthritis / diagnosis; Osteoarthritis / drug therapy; Osteoarthritis / veterinary; Pain Measurement / veterinary; Thiazines / therapeutic use; Thiazoles / therapeutic use
TL;DR: Owners of cats with DJD were able to detect evident recurrence of clinical signs after withdrawal of active medication than after withdraw of placebo, and this study design might be a novel and useful way to circumvent the placebo effect and detect the efficacy of pain‐relieving medications. (via Semantic Scholar)
Sources: Web Of Science, NC State University Libraries, ORCID
Added: August 6, 2018

2014 journal article

Relationship Between Degenerative Joint Disease, Pain, and Bartonella spp. Seroreactivity in Domesticated Cats

Journal of Veterinary Internal Medicine, 29(1), 21–27.

By: A. Tomas n, E. Pultorak n, M. Gruen n, E. Breitschwerdt n & B. Lascelles n

MeSH headings : Animals; Antibodies, Bacterial / blood; Bartonella / isolation & purification; Bartonella Infections / immunology; Bartonella Infections / veterinary; Cat Diseases / blood; Cat Diseases / etiology; Cat Diseases / immunology; Cats; Female; Fluorescent Antibody Technique / veterinary; Male; Odds Ratio; Osteoarthritis / complications; Osteoarthritis / veterinary; Pain / etiology; Pain / veterinary; Risk Factors
TL;DR: Bartonella spp. (via Semantic Scholar)
Sources: NC State University Libraries, NC State University Libraries, ORCID, Crossref
Added: August 6, 2018

2014 journal article

Training Veterinary Students in Shelter Medicine: A Service-Learning Community-Classroom Technique

JOURNAL OF VETERINARY MEDICAL EDUCATION, 41(1), 83–89.

By: B. Stevens* & M. Gruen*

author keywords: shelter; primary care; medicine; training
MeSH headings : Animal Welfare; Animals; Cat Diseases / diagnosis; Cat Diseases / therapy; Cats; Clinical Competence; Curriculum; Delivery of Health Care / methods; Delivery of Health Care / organization & administration; Dog Diseases / diagnosis; Dog Diseases / therapy; Dogs; Education, Veterinary / economics; Education, Veterinary / methods; Learning; North Carolina; Students
TL;DR: The overall aim was to provide opportunities that familiarized students with sheltering systems and delivered primary-care training, which included increasing awareness of public health concerns and equipping students to evaluate shelters on design, operating protocols, infectious disease control, animal enrichment, and community outreach. (via Semantic Scholar)
Sources: Web Of Science, NC State University Libraries
Added: August 6, 2018

2014 journal article

Use of trazodone to facilitate postsurgical confinement in dogs

JAVMA-JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN VETERINARY MEDICAL ASSOCIATION, 245(3), 296–301.

By: M. Gruen n, S. Roe*, E. Griffith*, A. Hamilton* & B. Sherman*

MeSH headings : Animals; Anti-Anxiety Agents / therapeutic use; Anxiety / drug therapy; Anxiety Disorders / drug therapy; Dog Diseases / drug therapy; Dog Diseases / psychology; Dogs; Orthopedic Procedures / veterinary; Trazodone / pharmacology; Treatment Outcome
TL;DR: Results suggested that oral administration of trazodone was safe and efficacious and may be used to facilitate confinement and enhance behavioral calmness of dogs during the critical recovery period following orthopedic surgery. (via Semantic Scholar)
Sources: Web Of Science, NC State University Libraries
Added: August 6, 2018

2014 personal communication

Use of trazodone to facilitate postsurgical confinement in dogs Response

By: S. Roe, B. Sherman, M. Gruen, A. Hamilton & E. Griffith

Source: NC State University Libraries
Added: August 6, 2018

2013 journal article

Acquisition of a visual discrimination and reversal learning task by Labrador retrievers

ANIMAL COGNITION, 17(3), 787–792.

By: L. Lazarowski n, M. Foster n, M. Gruen n, B. Sherman n, B. Case n, R. Fish n, N. Milgram*, D. Dorman n

author keywords: Dog; Canine; Cognition; Visual discrimination
MeSH headings : Animals; Cognition; Discrimination Learning; Discrimination, Psychological; Dogs / psychology; Female; Male; Neuropsychological Tests; Pattern Recognition, Visual; Reversal Learning; Visual Perception
TL;DR: The present study confirmed that the modified TGTA system is suitable for cognitive evaluations in Labrador retriever MWDs and can be used to further explore effects of sex, phenotype, age, and other factors in relation to canine cognition and learning, and may provide an additional screening tool for MWD selection. (via Semantic Scholar)
Sources: Web Of Science, NC State University Libraries
Added: August 6, 2018

2013 journal article

Conditioning laboratory cats to handling and transport

LAB ANIMAL, 42(10), 385–389.

By: M. Gruen n, A. Thomson n, G. Clary*, A. Hamilton n, L. Hudson n, R. Meeker*, B. Sherman n

MeSH headings : Animal Husbandry / methods; Animal Welfare; Animals; Cats / physiology; Conditioning, Classical; Handling, Psychological; Housing, Animal; Stress, Physiological; Time Factors; Transportation
TL;DR: A behavioral protocol used in their laboratory to condition cats to condition them to handling and transport benefits the welfare of the cats, the safety of animal technicians and the quality of feline research data. (via Semantic Scholar)
Sources: Web Of Science, NC State University Libraries
Added: August 6, 2018

2013 journal article

How I Treat Cognitive Dysfunction

Clinician’s Brief, 11(12), 13–18.

By: M. Gruen

Source: NC State University Libraries
Added: October 10, 2020

2013 journal article

Prevalence and classification of chronic kidney disease in cats randomly selected from four age groups and in cats recruited for degenerative joint disease studies

JOURNAL OF FELINE MEDICINE AND SURGERY, 16(6), 465–472.

By: C. Marino n, B. Lascelles n, S. Vaden n, M. Gruen n & S. Marks n

MeSH headings : Age Factors; Animals; Cat Diseases / classification; Cat Diseases / diagnosis; Cat Diseases / epidemiology; Cats; Osteoarthritis / classification; Osteoarthritis / epidemiology; Osteoarthritis / veterinary; Prevalence; Renal Insufficiency, Chronic / classification; Renal Insufficiency, Chronic / epidemiology; Renal Insufficiency, Chronic / veterinary; Retrospective Studies; Risk Factors
TL;DR: Significant concurrence between CKD and DJD in cats of all ages is found, indicating the need for increased screening for CKD when selecting DJD treatments and the idea of a relationship and causal commonality between CKd andDJD owing to the striking concurrence across age groups and life stages. (via Semantic Scholar)
Sources: Web Of Science, NC State University Libraries, ORCID
Added: August 6, 2018

2012 article

Animal Behavior Case of the Month

Gruen, M. E., & Sherman, B. L. (2012, November 15). JAVMA-JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN VETERINARY MEDICAL ASSOCIATION, Vol. 241, pp. 1293–1295.

By: M. Gruen n & B. Sherman*

MeSH headings : Animals; Anti-Anxiety Agents / therapeutic use; Anxiety; Behavior Therapy; Behavior, Animal; Dog Diseases / psychology; Dogs; Male; Phobic Disorders / etiology; Phobic Disorders / therapy; Trazodone / therapeutic use
UN Sustainable Development Goal Categories
Sources: Web Of Science, NC State University Libraries
Added: August 6, 2018

2012 journal article

Animal Behavior Case of the Month

Journal of the American Veterinary Medical Association, 241(11), 1445–1447.

By: M. Gruen n

MeSH headings : Animals; Behavior, Animal / drug effects; Cat Diseases / drug therapy; Cat Diseases / surgery; Cats / physiology; Fluoxetine / therapeutic use; Male; Penile Diseases / surgery; Selective Serotonin Reuptake Inhibitors / therapeutic use; Urination / drug effects
UN Sustainable Development Goal Categories
Sources: Crossref, NC State University Libraries
Added: November 16, 2019

2012 journal article

Owner-assessed indices of quality of life in cats and the relationship to the presence of degenerative joint disease

JOURNAL OF FELINE MEDICINE AND SURGERY, 14(12), 863–870.

By: J. Benito n, M. Gruen n, A. Thomson n, W. Simpson* & B. Lascelles n

MeSH headings : Animals; Cat Diseases / prevention & control; Cat Diseases / psychology; Cats; Female; Human-Animal Bond; Humans; Joint Diseases / psychology; Joint Diseases / veterinary; Joint Instability / psychology; Joint Instability / veterinary; Male; Quality of Life; Running; Surveys and Questionnaires; Walking
TL;DR: Regardless of DJD status, 40% of items listed by owners involved mobility, while 60% were ‘inactive’ items, rejecting the hypothesis that items contributing to QoL in cats are predominantly items requiring mobility. (via Semantic Scholar)
UN Sustainable Development Goal Categories
Sources: Web Of Science, NC State University Libraries, ORCID
Added: August 6, 2018

2012 journal article

The use of a T-maze to measure cognitive-motor function in cats (Felis catus)

JOURNAL OF VETERINARY BEHAVIOR-CLINICAL APPLICATIONS AND RESEARCH, 8(1), 32–39.

By: B. Sherman n, M. Gruen n, R. Meeker*, B. Milgram, C. DiRivera, A. Thomson n, G. Clary*, L. Hudson n

author keywords: feline; cognition; cognitive-motor function; T-maze; feline immunodeficiency virus
TL;DR: This paradigm provides a relatively rapid and reliable test of cognitive motor performance that can be used in various settings for evaluation of feline cognitive and motor function. (via Semantic Scholar)
Sources: Web Of Science, NC State University Libraries
Added: August 6, 2018

2008 journal article

Use of trazodone as an adjunctive agent in the treatment of canine anxiety disorders: 56 cases (1995-2007)

JAVMA-JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN VETERINARY MEDICAL ASSOCIATION, 233(12), 1902–1907.

By: M. Gruen n & B. Sherman n

MeSH headings : Animals; Anti-Anxiety Agents / adverse effects; Anti-Anxiety Agents / therapeutic use; Anxiety Disorders / drug therapy; Anxiety Disorders / psychology; Behavior, Animal / drug effects; Behavior, Animal / physiology; Chemotherapy, Adjuvant / methods; Chemotherapy, Adjuvant / veterinary; Dog Diseases / drug therapy; Dog Diseases / psychology; Dogs / psychology; Female; Male; Retrospective Studies; Risk Factors; Safety; Trazodone / adverse effects; Trazodone / therapeutic use; Treatment Outcome
TL;DR: Overall, trazodone, used as an adjunctive agent in combination with other behavioral drugs, was well tolerated over a wide dose range and enhanced behavioral calming when administered on a daily or as-needed basis. (via Semantic Scholar)
UN Sustainable Development Goal Categories
3. Good Health and Well-being (Web of Science; OpenAlex)
Sources: Web Of Science, NC State University Libraries
Added: August 6, 2018

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