@article{coneybeer-roberts_jennings_monks_burton_stowe_2017, title={Seed Biology of the Weed Maryland Meadowbeauty (Rhexia mariana L.) in Blueberry (Vaccinium spp.)}, volume={17}, ISSN={["1553-8621"]}, DOI={10.1080/15538362.2017.1317316}, abstractNote={ABSTRACT Studies were conducted at three locations across the North Carolina coastal plain region to determine sexual reproductive potential, seedbank density, frequency of seed dormancy, and effect of temperature on Maryland meadowbeauty seed germination. Seed capsule density ranged from 500 per m2 to 1124 per m2 across locations. Each capsule contained an average of 74 seeds. Seeds germinated only in the 35/20 °C temperature regime, which represents the hottest month (August) of the growing season in southeastern North Carolina. Total number of germinated seeds differed across locations and ranged from 30% to 57%. The percent (average) of viable (66) and nonviable (26) meadowbeauty seeds was not different across locations. Relative germination and seed dormancy percentages were calculated based on the number of viable seeds. The percent relative germination and seed dormancy were different across locations and ranged from 47% to 86% and 14% to 55%, respectively. The highest number of germination resulted from 90 days of stratification. On average, 27 seeds germinated among soil samples, which is equivalent to 989 seeds per m2. The data indicate that the populations of meadowbeauty in blueberry fields have the potential to sexually reproduce and contribute 5 × 106 to 1.1 × 107 seed capsules/ha and 3.7 × 108 to 8.3 × 108 seeds/ha of infestation. Freshly mature seeds can germinate and contribute 1.79 × 108 to 7.14 × 108 seedlings/ha in the year the seeds are produced and 5.18 × 107 to 4.4 × 108 seeds/ha can be dormant and incorporated into the seed bank on an annual basis. Approximately 9.89 × 106 seeds/ha are dormant and viable in the soil and have the potential to germinate following adequate stratification.}, number={3}, journal={INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF FRUIT SCIENCE}, author={Coneybeer-Roberts, Meagan M. and Jennings, Katherine M. and Monks, David W. and Burton, Michael G. and Stowe, Patricia S.}, year={2017}, pages={323–332} }
 @article{reberg-horton_mueller_mellage_creamer_brownie_bell_burton_2011, title={Influence of field margin type on weed species richness and abundance in conventional crop fields}, volume={26}, ISSN={["1742-1705"]}, DOI={10.1017/s1742170510000451}, abstractNote={Abstract Natural vegetation occurring on farms in field margins, fallow fields, ditch systems and neighboring forests, provides increased biodiversity, structural diversity, habitat for wildlife and beneficial insects, and can act as a protective buffer against agrochemical drift. Nevertheless, farmers frequently view these areas as non-productive and as potential sources of weeds, insect pests and diseases. Weed species richness and abundance were examined in crop fields in 2002–2003 at the Center for Environmental Farming Systems near Goldsboro, NC to determine if crop field weed infestation was associated with field margin management (managed versus unmanaged). Weed species abundance and richness were measured over two growing seasons on four occasions in crop fields along permanent transects that extended from the field edge toward the center of the field. The presence/absence of data for all plant species in the field margin was also recorded. For both margin types, managed and unmanaged, more weeds were found near the field edge than in the center of the field. Weed species richness was slightly higher in cropland bordering managed margins than in cropland along unmanaged margins. Several significant interactions led to an examination of nine dominant weed species in each field margin type and their distribution in crop fields. When all sampling dates were pooled, only 42 (40%) of 105 species identified in the field margins were observed in the crop field. Managed margins had lower species richness than unmanaged field margins—less than half the mean number of species (15 versus 6 species, respectively). Contingency table analysis did not reveal any association between plant species occurring in the margin and those found in the crop field. Furthermore, margin type and weed presence in the field margin were not effective predictors of weed occurrence in the crop field as determined by logistic regression.}, number={2}, journal={RENEWABLE AGRICULTURE AND FOOD SYSTEMS}, publisher={Cambridge University Press (CUP)}, author={Reberg-Horton, S. C. and Mueller, J. P. and Mellage, S. J. and Creamer, N. G. and Brownie, C. and Bell, M. and Burton, M. G.}, year={2011}, month={Jun}, pages={127–136} }
 @article{henry_yelverton_burton_2009, title={Asymmetric Responses of Paspalum Species to a Soil Moisture Gradient}, volume={49}, ISSN={["0011-183X"]}, DOI={10.2135/cropsci2008.08.0506}, abstractNote={Anecdotal evidence suggests that dallisgrass (Paspalum dilatatum Poir.) and bahiagrass (Paspalum notatum Fluegge), two of the most troublesome weed species in managed turfgrass, are both drought and flood tolerant. Water table depth gradient tanks were employed to identify habitat specialization and competitive differences between dallisgrass and bahiagrass. Shoot and rhizome final biomass and survival were used as metrics for plants grown in monoculture or competition with hybrid bermudagrass (Cynodon transvaalensis Burtt Davy x C. dactylon (L.) Pers. 'Tifway 419') in sand or sandy loam soil. Shoot and rhizome growth of dallisgrass was greatest at the levels of highest soil moisture within each gradient tank regardless of soil type or competition. Percent survival of dallisgrass decreased to a low of 50% as depth to water table increased when grown as a monoculture and 12.5% when grown in competition with hybrid bermudagrass. Percent survival of bahiagrass was 100% regardless of water table depth, soil type, or competition. Shoot and rhizome growth of bahiagrass was greatest as depth to water table increased when grown in sandy loam soil. The opposite trend was observed when grown in sandy soil. Results suggest that dallisgrass may be more competitive with hybrid bermudagrass when volumetric soil moisture is high, while bahiagrass may be more competitive when volumetric soil moisture is low.}, number={4}, journal={CROP SCIENCE}, author={Henry, Gerald M. and Yelverton, Fred H. and Burton, Michael G.}, year={2009}, pages={1473–1480} }
 @article{place_reberg-horton_burton_2009, title={Effects of Preplant and Postplant Rotary Hoe Use on Weed Control, Soybean Pod Position, and Soybean Yield}, volume={57}, ISSN={["1550-2759"]}, DOI={10.1614/WS-08-132.1}, abstractNote={Abstract Demand for organic food products has consistently increased for more than 20 yr. The largest obstacle to organic soybean production in the southeastern United States is weed management. Current organic soybean production relies on mechanical weed control, including multiple postplant rotary hoe uses. Although postplant rotary hoe use is effective at the weed germination stage, its efficacy is severely compromised by delays due to weather. Preplant rotary hoeing is also a practice that has been utilized for weed control but the effectiveness of this practice to reduce the need for multiple postplant rotary hoeing for organic soybean production in the southeastern United States has not been investigated. Preplant rotary hoe treatments included a weekly rotary hoeing 4 wk before planting, 2 wk before planting, and none. Postplant rotary hoe treatments consisted of zero, one, two, three, and four postplant rotary hoe uses. Weed control was increased with preplant rotary hoeing at Plymouth in 2006 and 2007 but this effect disappeared with the first postplant rotary hoeing. Multiple postplant rotary hoe uses decreased soybean plant populations, decreased soybean canopy height, lowered soybean pod position, and decreased soybean yield. Plant mapping revealed that the percentage of total nodes and pods below 30 cm was increased by increased frequency of postplant rotary hoe use. Nomenclature: Soybean, Glycine max (L.) Merr.}, number={3}, journal={WEED SCIENCE}, publisher={Cambridge University Press (CUP)}, author={Place, George T. and Reberg-Horton, S. Chris and Burton, Michael G.}, year={2009}, pages={290–295} }
 @article{henry_burton_yelverton_2009, title={Heterogeneous distribution of weedy Paspalum species and edaphic variables in turfgrass}, volume={44}, number={2}, journal={HortScience}, author={Henry, G. M. and Burton, M. G. and Yelverton, F. H.}, year={2009}, pages={447–451} }
 @article{carley_jordan_dharmasri_sutton_brandenburg_burton_2008, title={Peanut response to planting date and potential of canopy reflectance as an indicator of pod maturation}, volume={100}, ISSN={["1435-0645"]}, DOI={10.2134/agronj2006.0352}, abstractNote={Determining when to dig peanut (Arachis hypogea L.) is complicated because of its indeterminate growth habit. Pod mesocarp color is often used an indicator of pod maturation. However, this process is time consuming and is usually based on a relatively small subsample of pods from peanut fields. Research was conducted during 2003–2005 to determine if reflectance of the peanut canopy, using multispectral imaging (350–2500 nm), could be used as an indicator of pod maturation. The cultivars VA 98R and NC‐V 11 were planted beginning in early May through early June during each year with reflectance and the percentage of pods at optimum maturity (percentage of pods with brown or black mesocarp color) determined in mid‐September. The highest yield observed for VA 98R across the 3 yr of the experiment was noted when peanut was planted in mid‐May rather than early or late May or when planted in early June when peanut was dug based on optimum pod maturity using pod mesocarp color. Pod yield for the cultivar NC‐V 11 did not differ when comparing planting dates. For cultivar VA 98R, Pearson's correlations were significant for all bandwidth categories except the normalized difference vegetation index (NDVI) when reflectance was compared with percentage of mature pods. Reflectance for NC‐V 11 was not significant for any of the correlations even though significant differences in the percentage of mature pods were noted in mid September when comparing planting dates. These data suggest that canopy reflectance could potentially aid in predicting pod maturation, but more research is needed to determine feasibility of this approach.}, number={2}, journal={AGRONOMY JOURNAL}, author={Carley, Danesha S. and Jordan, David L. and Dharmasri, L. Cecil and Sutton, Turner B. and Brandenburg, Rick L. and Burton, Michael G.}, year={2008}, pages={376–380} }
 @article{place_bowman_burton_rutty_2008, title={Root penetration through a high bulk density soil layer: differential response of a crop and weed species}, volume={307}, ISSN={["1573-5036"]}, DOI={10.1007/s11104-008-9594-4}, number={1-2}, journal={PLANT AND SOIL}, author={Place, George and Bowman, Daniel and Burton, Michael and Rutty, Thomas}, year={2008}, month={Jun}, pages={179–190} }
 @article{sermons_burton_rufty_2008, title={Temperature response of Benghal dayflower (Commelina benghalensis): Implications for geographic range}, volume={56}, ISSN={["1550-2759"]}, DOI={10.1614/WS-08-029.1}, abstractNote={The noxious weed Benghal dayflower has become a severely troublesome agricultural weed in Georgia in the southeastern Unite States, and there are indications that it is moving northward. Benghal dayflower is glyphosate tolerant and possesses a high degree of reproductive elasticity, making it a formidable threat in many crop systems. The purpose of these experiments was to develop the first temperature response profiles for Benghal dayflower, and use them to evaluate whether temperature might limit its northward invasion into North Carolina and adjacent states on the U.S. east coast. Experiments focused on vegetative and early reproductive growth, stages considered crucial for establishment and competitiveness. Exposure to a range of aerial temperatures revealed that Benghal dayflower growth and production of aerial and subterranean reproductive structures were maximized at 30 C, with sharp declines occurring at cooler temperatures. When exposed to differing root temperatures in hydroponics, with a constant aerial temperature, Benghal dayflower growth did not show the same cool temperature sensitivity, but reproductive performance declined when temperatures decreased below about 29 C. The root temperature responses of several other weed species known to thrive in the climate of this geographic area also were determined. Growth of sicklepod, hemp sesbania, and jimsonweed was more sensitive than Benghal dayflower to cool temperatures, whereas the growth response of velvetleaf was similar. Based on the comparison of the Benghal dayflower temperature responses in controlled environments to (1) seasonal air and soil temperatures in the field, and (2) the temperature responses of agronomic weeds known to thrive in the region, it is concluded that cool temperatures will not restrain the northward spread of Benghal dayflower into North Carolina.}, number={5}, journal={WEED SCIENCE}, author={Sermons, Shannon M. and Burton, Michael G. and Rufty, Thomas W.}, year={2008}, pages={707–713} }
 @article{henry_yelverton_burton_2007, title={Dallisgrass (Paspalum dilatatum) control with foramsulfuron in bermuclagrass turf}, volume={21}, ISSN={["1550-2740"]}, DOI={10.1614/WT-06-163.1}, abstractNote={Dallisgrass response to various MSMA and foramsulfuron herbicide combinations was evaluated from 2004 through 2006 in North Carolina. Dallisgrass control declined with herbicide rates; therefore, only the highest rates (foramsulfuron, 0.15 kg ai/ha; MSMA, 2.5 kg ai/ha) are discussed. Foramsulfuron followed by (fb) foramsulfuron 1 wk after initial treatment (WAIT) provided 60% control of dallisgrass 1 mo after initial treatment (MAIT), but control declined to 40% 3 MAIT. MSMA (2.5 kg ai/ha) applied three times provided 89% dallisgrass control 1 MAIT, but control declined to 71% 3 MAIT. Among 22 MSMA and foramsulfuron sequential application programs, MSMA fb foramsulfuron 2 WAIT fb MSMA 3 WAIT provided the highest control (94%) of dallisgrass 1 MAIT, and control levels remained high (93%) 3 MAIT. This herbicide program provided 85% control 1 yr after initial treatment (YAIT), whereas no other treatment provided greater than 37% control 1 YAIT. Timing of foramsulfuron application following the initial MSMA application affected the control of dallisgrass. Waiting 2 WAIT, rather than 1 WAIT, before applying foramsulfuron increased control of dallisgrass by 20% 1 MAIT and 19% 3 MAIT. However, the increase in control 1 YAIT was only 5% regardless of herbicide rate. The addition of a second application of MSMA following the application of foramsulfuron 2 WAIT of MSMA further increased control by 10% 1 MAIT, 37% 3 MAIT, and 48% 1 YAIT. Results from this study suggest dallisgrass may be controlled with applications of MSMA fb foramsulfuron 2 WAIT fb MSMA 3 WAIT applied during early to midsummer. The use of MSMA was required to achieve dallisgrass control, however, the relatively high level of control achieved 1 YAIT with a program including sequential applications of MSMA and foramsulfuron may help reduce the total amount of arsenical herbicides used to control dallisgrass infestations over time. Nomenclature: Dallisgrass Paspalum dilatatum Poir. PASDI, hybrid bermudagrass, Cynodon transvaalensis × Cynodon dactylon ‘Tifway’}, number={3}, journal={WEED TECHNOLOGY}, author={Henry, Gerald M. and Yelverton, Fred H. and Burton, Michael G.}, year={2007}, pages={759–762} }
 @article{chen_tu_burton_watson_burkey_hu_2007, title={Plant nitrogen acquisition and interactions under elevated carbon dioxide: impact of endophytes and mycorrhizae}, volume={13}, ISSN={["1365-2486"]}, DOI={10.1111/j.1365-2486.2007.01347.x}, abstractNote={Abstract}, number={6}, journal={GLOBAL CHANGE BIOLOGY}, author={Chen, Xin and Tu, Cong and Burton, Michael G. and Watson, Dorothy M. and Burkey, Kent O. and Hu, Shuijin}, year={2007}, month={Jun}, pages={1238–1249} }
 @article{tungate_burton_susko_sermons_rufty_2006, title={Altered weed reproduction and maternal effects under low-nitrogen fertility}, volume={54}, ISSN={["0043-1745"]}, DOI={10.1614/WS-05-145R.1}, abstractNote={The low-nitrogen status of highly weathered soils may offer a potential alternative for weed suppression in agricultural systems with N2-fixing crops. In this study, we used sicklepod as a model to evaluate weed response that might occur with managed reductions in nitrogen-soil fertility. A field study was conducted with the parental generation supplied 0, 112, 224, or 448 kg N ha−1. Decreased nitrogen fertility led to reduced shoot biomass, seed number, and total seed mass. Individual seed mass was lower, but seed % nitrogen was not affected. Analysis of seed-mass distribution confirmed that low parental fertility was associated with more small seeds as a proportion of total seeds produced. Additional experiments in hydroponics culture revealed slower growth rates of seedlings produced from small seeds when grown under low-nitrogen conditions. Competitiveness of plants from small (low nitrogen) and large (high nitrogen) seed classes was determined in a replacement-series experiment conducted in sand culture in a controlled environment at two densities and two levels of nitrogen nutrition. Plants produced from smaller seeds were less competitive in low-nitrogen fertility conditions, but plants from small and large seeds competed similarly when grown under high-nitrogen fertility. The results support the hypothesis that comprehensive management strategies to reduce nitrogen availability for weed growth in low-fertility conditions could decrease weed interference by decreasing growth and seed production of parental plants and through maternal effects that lower competitiveness of offspring.}, number={5}, journal={WEED SCIENCE}, author={Tungate, Kimberly D. and Burton, Michael G. and Susko, David J. and Sermons, Shannon M. and Rufty, Thomas W.}, year={2006}, pages={847–853} }
 @article{wilson_burton_spears_york_2006, title={Doveweed (Murdannia nudiflora) germination and emergence as affected by temperature and seed burial depth}, volume={54}, ISSN={["1550-2759"]}, DOI={10.1614/WS-06-091.1}, abstractNote={Abstract Doveweed is becoming more common in agronomic crops in North Carolina. Laboratory and greenhouse experiments were conducted to determine the effect of temperature and seed burial depth on doveweed germination and emergence. Germination of lightly scarified seed at constant temperature was well described by a Gaussian model, which estimated peak germination at 28 C. Similar maximum percentage of germination was observed for optimal treatments under both constant and alternating temperatures. Among alternating temperatures, a 35/25 C regime gave greatest germination (77%). In spite of similar average daily temperatures, germination was greater with alternating temperature regimes of 40/30 and 40/35 C (65 and 30%, respectively) than constant temperatures of 36 and 38 C (4 and 0%, respectively). No germination was observed at 38 C constant temperature or for alternating temperature regimes of 20/10 and 25/15 C. Light did not enhance germination. Greatest emergence occurred from 0 to 1 cm, with a reduction in emergence as depth increased to 4 cm. No emergence occurred from 6 cm or greater depth. This information on seedbank dynamics may aid in developing tools and strategies for management. Nomenclature: Doveweed, Murdannia nudiflora (L.) Brenan MUDNU.}, number={6}, journal={WEED SCIENCE}, author={Wilson, David G., Jr. and Burton, Michael G. and Spears, Janet E. and York, Alan C.}, year={2006}, pages={1000–1003} }
 @article{burton_mortensen_lindquist_2006, title={Effect of cultivation and within-field differences in soil conditions on feral Helianthus annuus growth in ridge-tillage maize}, volume={88}, ISSN={["0167-1987"]}, DOI={10.1016/j.still.2005.04.002}, abstractNote={Differences in weed population dynamics with respect to within-field heterogeneity are not well documented despite increasing interest in site-specific management of agro-ecosystems. The focus of this study was to determine if me chanical weed management (cultivation) and/or soil factors help to explain observed within-field distributions of feral common sunflower ( Helianthus annuus L.). The ridges and furrows created by the ridge–tillage system adds additional microsites to existing spatial heterogeneity for soil characteristics such as soil organic carbon (SOC) concentration. Experimental areas were selected on the basis of naturally high or low SOC concentration. Cultivation resulted in 100% mortality of H. annuus seedlings growing in the middle of furrows. Cultivation of pre-emergence herbicide treated and no-herbicide ridges resulted in small but statistically significant ( α = 0.05) reductions in seedling survival. No differences were detected in H. annuus canopy height, stem diameter, stem length, or vegetative biomass between high and low SOC environments. Neither total reproductive biomass (P = 0.49) nor the biomass of flowers near physiological maturity (an estimate of fecundity; P = 0.59) were affected by SOC environment. Late season H. annuus lodging was observed to reduce reproductive biomass. Juvenile plants that survived mechanical weed control efforts grew and produced reproductive biomass similarly across SOC environments. The lack of difference in vegetative and reproductive characteristics between high and low SOC environments suggests that SOC (or the edaphic conditions associated with greater or lesser SOC level) was not critical in contributing to the observed distribution of H. annuus from juvenile to flowering stages of growth within well-fertilized, irrigated agricultural habitats.}, number={1-2}, journal={SOIL & TILLAGE RESEARCH}, author={Burton, MG and Mortensen, DA and Lindquist, JL}, year={2006}, month={Jul}, pages={8–15} }
 @article{burton_mortensen_marx_2005, title={Environmental characteristics affecting Helianthus annuus distribution in a maize production system}, volume={111}, ISSN={["0167-8809"]}, DOI={10.1016/j.agee.2005.04.026}, abstractNote={Population density and seedling growth stage were measured over three years along transects passing through patches of feral Helianthus annuus in fields of maize. The effect of topographic position on seed re-dispersal via erosion was investigated, and density of H. annuus was significantly correlated (P < 0.01) to percent soil organic carbon (SOC) (positive) and relative elevation (negative), but not to soil pH. Mean seedling growth stage did not change with distance from the patch center. Seedling density was always highest at the patch center with no reduction in mean seedling size. Marked seed dispersed at various topographic positions were recovered two weeks after dispersal. A small percentage of H. annuus seeds was recovered, most of which were found at lower topographic positions – their movement being facilitated by water flow down slope. Seeds at the lowest topographic positions were not moved to other topographic positions. Prevailing wind moved seeds to a lesser degree. The association of weedy H. annuus with SOC and the dispersal to lower topographic positions appear to be useful factors in explaining its distribution and might be generalized to other weed species and systems.}, number={1-4}, journal={AGRICULTURE ECOSYSTEMS & ENVIRONMENT}, author={Burton, MG and Mortensen, DA and Marx, DB}, year={2005}, month={Dec}, pages={30–40} }
 @article{mcelroy_yelverton_burton_2005, title={Habitat delineation of green and false-green kyllinga in turfgrass systems and interrelationship of elevation and edaphic factors}, volume={53}, ISSN={["0043-1745"]}, DOI={10.1614/WS-04-089R.1}, abstractNote={Knowledge of the influence of environmental factors on weed populations is important in developing sustainable turfgrass management practices. Studies were conducted to evaluate the relationship of green and false-green kyllinga population densities with elevation and edaphic factors in turfgrass systems. Studies were conducted on five different golf courses in North Carolina, three affected by green kyllinga, and two affected by false-green kyllinga. According to Spearman correlation coefficients, both green and false-green kyllinga were correlated with increasing soil volumetric water content, whereas correlation of other edaphic variables varied among sites and species. Stepwise logistic regression confirmed the correlation of volumetric water with green kyllinga presence, but model components varied among sites for false-green kyllinga. Increasing green kyllinga populations correlated with increasing soil sodium; however, sodium did not reach a level believed to be detrimental to turfgrass growth. No other variables correlated with green or false-green kyllinga across all sites. We hypothesized that the lack of significant correlations was due to the overall influence of relative elevation on edaphic variables. According to principal components analysis (PCA), relative elevation had a profound impact on the measured edaphic variables at all sites. However, results of PCA at one site differed sharply from other sites. Results from that site demonstrate the potentially strong effects of management practices to alter edaphic trends normally observed with topography.}, number={5}, journal={WEED SCIENCE}, author={McElroy, JS and Yelverton, FH and Burton, MG}, year={2005}, pages={620–630} }
 @article{webster_burton_culpepper_york_prostko_2005, title={Tropical spiderwort (Commelina benghalensis): A tropical invader threatens agroecosystems of the southern United States}, volume={19}, ISSN={["0890-037X"]}, DOI={10.1614/WT-04-234R.1}, abstractNote={Tropical spiderwort (more appropriately called Benghal dayflower) poses a serious threat to crop production in the southern United States. Although tropical spiderwort has been present in the United States for more than seven decades, only recently has it become a pest in agricultural fields. Identified as an isolated weed problem in 1999, tropical spiderwort became the most troublesome weed in Georgia cotton by 2003. Contributing to the significance of tropical spiderwort as a troublesome weed is the lack of control afforded by most commonly used herbicides, especially glyphosate. Vegetative growth and flower production of tropical spiderwort were optimized between 30 and 35 C, but growth was sustained over a range of 20 to 40 C. These temperatures are common throughout much of the United States during summer months. At the very least, it appears that tropical spiderwort may be able to co-occur with cotton throughout the southeastern United States. The environmental limits of tropical spiderwort have not yet been determined. However, the rapid spread through Georgia and naturalization in North Carolina, coupled with its tolerance to current management strategies and aggressive growth habit, make tropical spiderwort a significant threat to agroecosystems in the southern United States.}, number={3}, journal={WEED TECHNOLOGY}, author={Webster, TM and Burton, MG and Culpepper, AS and York, AC and Prostko, EP}, year={2005}, pages={501–508} }
 @article{crooks_burton_york_brownie_2005, title={Vegetative growth and competitiveness of common cocklebur resistant and susceptible to acetolactate synthase-inhibiting herbicides}, volume={9}, ISBN={1524-3303}, number={4}, journal={Journal of Cotton Science (Online)}, author={Crooks, H. L. and Burton, M. G. and York, A. C. and Brownie, C.}, year={2005}, pages={229} }
 @article{burton_mortensen_marx_lindquist_2004, title={Factors affecting the realized niche of common sunflower (Helianthus annuus) in ridge-tillage corn}, volume={52}, ISSN={["0043-1745"]}, DOI={10.1614/P2001-101}, abstractNote={Abstract Because soil characteristics and weed densities vary within agricultural landscapes, determining which subfield areas are most favorable to weed species may aid in their management. Field and greenhouse studies were conducted to determine whether subfield environments characterized by higher soil organic carbon (SOC), or ridge vs. furrow microsites, affect common sunflower seed germination after winter burial, seedling emergence, or the control afforded by a preemergence herbicide in a ridge-tillage corn production system. Among seeds buried in situ during winter months and germinated in the laboratory, no differences in common sunflower seed germination or mortality were detected between high-SOC (1.8% mean) and low-SOC (1.1% mean) locations. However, seeds buried at 5-cm depth had about 40% laboratory germination compared with about 10% for seeds stratified on the soil surface or under crop residues. In field emergence and survival experiments, the SOC main-plot effect indicated 25% greater seedling survival in high- than in low-SOC locations. In the absence of herbicide, both emergence and survival were ≥ 35% greater in the ridge than in the furrow microsite, and seedling survival was 48% greater in high- vs. low-SOC furrow environments. However, common sunflower seedling survival was similar between herbicide-treated high- and low-SOC ridges. Greenhouse studies indicated a 13 to 24% increase in common sunflower seedling biomass per 1% increase in SOC under three atrazine doses. Altered or additional weed management tactics should be considered for common sunflower in high-SOC environments to offset the greater potential for seedling survival and growth. Nomenclature: Atrazine; common sunflower, Helianthus annuus L. HELAN; corn, Zea mays L.}, number={5}, journal={WEED SCIENCE}, author={Burton, MG and Mortensen, DA and Marx, DB and Lindquist, JL}, year={2004}, pages={779–787} }
 @article{krings_burton_york_2002, title={Commelina benghalensis (Commelinaceae) new to North Carolina and an updated key to Carolina congeners}, volume={20}, number={1}, journal={SIDA, Contributions To Botany}, author={Krings, A. and Burton, M. G. and York, A. C.}, year={2002}, pages={419–422} }