@article{charnock_davidson_keys_gilger_mcmullen_2023, title={Prevalence, differences, and potential correlation to age, sex, breed, coat color, iris color, and geographic location in naturally occurring refractive errors in the normal equine eye from Germany and North Carolina}, volume={26}, ISSN={1463-5216 1463-5224}, url={http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/vop.13061}, DOI={10.1111/vop.13061}, abstractNote={Abstract}, number={4}, journal={Veterinary Ophthalmology}, publisher={Wiley}, author={Charnock, Lauren N. and Davidson, Michael G. and Keys, Deborah A. and Gilger, Brian C. and McMullen, Richard J., Jr.}, year={2023}, month={Jan}, pages={297–305} }
 @article{young_zheng_davidson_westermeyer_2019, title={Visual outcome in cats with hypertensive chorioretinopathy}, volume={22}, ISSN={["1463-5224"]}, url={https://doi.org/10.1111/vop.12575}, DOI={10.1111/vop.12575}, abstractNote={Abstract}, number={2}, journal={VETERINARY OPHTHALMOLOGY}, author={Young, Whitney M. and Zheng, Chaowen and Davidson, Michael G. and Westermeyer, Hans D.}, year={2019}, month={Mar}, pages={161–167} }
 @article{oh_loew_foster_davidson_english_gervais_herring_mowat_2018, title={Phenotypic characterization of complete CSNB in the inbred research beagle: how common is CSNB in research and companion dogs?}, volume={137}, ISSN={["1573-2622"]}, DOI={10.1007/s10633-018-9653-y}, abstractNote={{"Label"=>"PURPOSE"} Although congenital stationary night blindness (CSNB) has been described in a Japanese beagle dog research colony, certain clinical correlates with human CSNB have not yet been described, nor has an estimate of frequency of the condition been made in inbred and outbred beagle populations. {"Label"=>"METHODS"} A beagle with CSNB obtained from a commercial research dog supplier in the USA and matched control dogs (n = 3) underwent examination, refraction, ocular imaging, assessment of visual navigation ability and detailed electroretinography (ERG). Retrospective review of ERGs in two independent groups of inbred (n = 15 and 537, respectively) and one group of outbred dogs (n = 36) was used to estimate CSNB frequency in these populations. {"Label"=>"RESULTS"} In the affected dog, there were absent dark-adapted b-waves in response to dim-light flashes, severely reduced dark-adapted b-waves in response to bright-light flashes, and normal light-adapted b-waves with a-waves that had broadened troughs. Long-flash ERGs confirmed a markedly reduced b-wave with a preserved d-wave, consistent with cone ON-bipolar cell dysfunction. There was evidence of normal rod photoreceptor a-wave dark adaptation, and rapid light adaptation. In the wider beagle populations, five inbred beagles had a b/a wave ratio of < 1 in dark-adapted bright-flash ERG, whereas no outbred beagles had ERGs consistent with CSNB. {"Label"=>"CONCLUSIONS"} The identified dog had clinical findings consistent with complete type CSNB, similar to that described in the Japanese colony. CSNB appears to be a rare disorder in the wider beagle population, although its detection could confound studies that use retinal function as an outcome measure in research dogs, necessitating careful baseline studies to be performed prior to experimentation.}, number={2}, journal={DOCUMENTA OPHTHALMOLOGICA}, author={Oh, Annie and Loew, Ellis R. and Foster, Melanie L. and Davidson, Michael G. and English, Robert V and Gervais, Kristen J. and Herring, Ian P. and Mowat, Freya M.}, year={2018}, month={Oct}, pages={87–101} }
 @article{smith_westermeyer_mariani_gilger_davidson_2017, title={Optic neuritis in dogs: 96 cases (1983-2016)}, volume={21}, ISSN={1463-5216}, url={http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/vop.12528}, DOI={10.1111/vop.12528}, abstractNote={Abstract}, number={5}, journal={Veterinary Ophthalmology}, publisher={Wiley}, author={Smith, Sara M. and Westermeyer, Hans D. and Mariani, Christopher L. and Gilger, Brian C. and Davidson, Michael G.}, year={2017}, month={Dec}, pages={442–451} }
 @article{mcmullen_davidson_gilger_2013, title={The effect of 1% tropicamide-induced mydriasis and cycloplegia on spherical refraction of the adult horse}, volume={17}, ISSN={1463-5216}, url={http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/vop.12055}, DOI={10.1111/vop.12055}, abstractNote={Abstract}, number={2}, journal={Veterinary Ophthalmology}, publisher={Wiley}, author={McMullen, Richard J., Jr. and Davidson, Michael G. and Gilger, Brian C.}, year={2013}, month={May}, pages={120–125} }
 @article{michau_davidson_gilger_2012, title={Carbon dioxide laser photoablation adjunctive therapy following superficial lamellar keratectomy and bulbar conjunctivectomy for the treatment of corneolimbal squamous cell carcinoma in horses: a review of 24 cases}, volume={15}, ISSN={["1463-5224"]}, DOI={10.1111/j.1463-5224.2011.00977.x}, abstractNote={Abstract}, number={4}, journal={VETERINARY OPHTHALMOLOGY}, author={Michau, Tammy M. and Davidson, Michael G. and Gilger, Brian C.}, year={2012}, month={Jul}, pages={245–253} }
 @article{mcmullen_davidson_campbell_salmon_gilger_2010, title={Evaluation of 30- and 25-diopter intraocular lens implants in equine eyes after surgical extraction of the lens}, volume={71}, ISSN={0002-9645}, url={http://dx.doi.org/10.2460/ajvr.71.7.809}, DOI={10.2460/ajvr.71.7.809}, abstractNote={Abstract}, number={7}, journal={American Journal of Veterinary Research}, publisher={American Veterinary Medical Association (AVMA)}, author={McMullen, Richard J. and Davidson, Michael G. and Campbell, Nigel B. and Salmon, Jacklyn H. and Gilger, Brian C.}, year={2010}, month={Jul}, pages={809–816} }
 @book{engagement_2010, title={Integrating learning, discovery, and engagement through the scholarship of engagement}, journal={Technical Report- Not held in TRLN member libraries}, institution={Raleigh, NC: NCSU Office of Extension, Engagement, and Economic Development}, author={Engagement, Task Force}, year={2010} }
 @article{pena_naranjo_klauss_fondevila_leiva_roura_davidson_dubielzig_2008, title={Histopathological features of ocular leishmaniosis in the dog}, volume={138}, ISSN={["0021-9975"]}, DOI={10.1016/j.jcpa.2007.09.004}, abstractNote={Canine leishmaniosis (CL) can present with multiple clinical signs and ocular disease is reported to occur in almost 25% of affected dogs. The purpose of the present study was to characterize the nature of inflammation within the eyes of dogs with leishmaniosis and to determine whether parasites were present in these lesions. Eyes from 60 dogs with confirmed leishmaniosis that died or were humanely destroyed over a 4 year period were included in the study. Sections of formalin-fixed globes were stained with haematoxylin and eosin (HE) and subjected to immunohistochemistry using a Leishmania-specific antibody. Clinically evident ocular signs were present in 15 of 60 dogs (13 bilaterally and 2 unilaterally). Thirty-five of 60 dogs received some form of anti-protozoal treatment. In 36 of 120 eyes (30%) a granulomatous inflammatory infiltrate was found and in 32 of 120 eyes (26.6%) the parasite was identified immunohistochemically within the globe. Ocular tissues affected, in order of frequency, were conjunctiva and limbus, ciliary body, iris, cornea, sclera and iridocorneal angle, choroid and the optic nerve sheath. Different microscopical patterns were defined in each of these structures. Leishmania organisms and associated inflammation can be found in different ocular tissues, accounting for some of the ocular clinical signs described for this disease.}, number={1}, journal={JOURNAL OF COMPARATIVE PATHOLOGY}, author={Pena, M. T. and Naranjo, C. and Klauss, G. and Fondevila, D. and Leiva, M. and Roura, X. and Davidson, M. G. and Dubielzig, R. R.}, year={2008}, month={Jan}, pages={32–39} }
 @misc{brown_atkins_bagley_carr_cowgill_davidson_egner_elliott_henik_labato_et al._2007, title={Guidelines for the identification, evaluation, and management of systemic hypertension in dogs and cats}, volume={21}, DOI={10.1111/j.1939-1676.2007.tb03005.x}, abstractNote={Consensus Statements of the American College of Veterinary Internal Medicine (ACVIM) provide veterinarians with guidelines regarding the pathophysiology, diagnosis, or treatment of animal diseases. The foundation of the Consensus Statement is evidence‐based medicine, but if such evidence is conflicting or lacking, the panel provides interpretive recommendations on the basis of their collective expertise. The Consensus Statement is intended to be a guide for veterinarians, but it is not a statement of standard of care or a substitute for clinical judgment. Topics of statements and panel members to draft the statements are selected by the Board of Regents with input from the general membership. A draft prepared and input from Diplomates is solicited at the ACVIM Forum and via the ACVIM Web site and incorporated in a final version. This Consensus Statement was approved by the Board of Regents of the ACVIM before publication.}, number={3}, journal={Journal of Veterinary Internal Medicine}, author={Brown, S. and Atkins, C. and Bagley, R. and Carr, A. and Cowgill, L. and Davidson, M. and Egner, B. and Elliott, J. and Henik, R. and Labato, M. and et al.}, year={2007}, pages={542–558} }
 @article{billson_miller-michau_mould_davidson_2006, title={Idiopathic sclerosing orbital pseudotumor in seven cats}, volume={9}, ISSN={["1463-5224"]}, DOI={10.1111/j.1463-5224.2005.00436.x}, abstractNote={Abstract}, number={1}, journal={VETERINARY OPHTHALMOLOGY}, author={Billson, FM and Miller-Michau, T and Mould, JRB and Davidson, MG}, year={2006}, pages={45–51} }
 @article{mahmoud_peng_d proia_davidson_deramo_fekrat_2006, title={Recombinant tissue plasminogen activator injected into the vitreous cavity may penetrate the retinal veins of a porcine model of vascular occlusion}, volume={90}, ISSN={["1468-2079"]}, DOI={10.1136/bjo.2005.089037}, abstractNote={Aim: To determine if recombinant tissue plasminogen activator (rtPA) injected into the vitreous cavity can penetrate the retinal vessels of porcine eyes with or without vascular occlusion. Methods: Eight eyes (group I) of four pigs underwent clamping of the optic nerve flush with the globe for 90 minutes. One hour after reperfusion, one eye of each pig was injected with 75 μg of rtPA, and the fellow eye was injected with balanced salt solution (BSS). Eyes were processed for immunohistochemistry. Four additional eyes (group II) of two pigs were subjected to the same injections, but without optic nerve clamping. Results: After reperfusion, the clinical picture was similar to that of a central retinal vein occlusion. Immunoperoxidase staining showed rtPA only in the retinal veins but not the retinal arteries in all eyes injected with rtPA in both groups I and II. Those eyes also showed intense rtPA staining at the level of the internal limiting membrane (ILM). No staining was seen at the level of the ILM or inside the retinal vessels in the BSS injected eyes. Immunofluorescence staining showed intense staining at the level of the ILM, but not inside the retinal vessels in the rtPA-injected eyes. Conclusions: rtPA may penetrate the retinal veins, but not the arteries of porcine eyes with and without vascular occlusion. The ILM may play a part in preventing rtPA penetration.}, number={7}, journal={BRITISH JOURNAL OF OPHTHALMOLOGY}, author={Mahmoud, T. H. and Peng, Y-W and D Proia, A. and Davidson, M. and Deramo, V. A. and Fekrat, S.}, year={2006}, month={Jul}, pages={911–915} }
 @article{breitschwerdt_blann_stebbins_munana_davidson_jackson_willard_2004, title={Clinicopathological abnormalities and treatment response in 24 dogs seroreactive to Bartonella vinsonii (berkhoffii) antigens}, volume={40}, ISSN={["0587-2871"]}, url={http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?eid=2-s2.0-1842839032&partnerID=MN8TOARS}, DOI={10.5326/0400092}, abstractNote={Bartonella vinsonii (B. vinsonii) subspecies berkhoffii is a recently recognized cause of endocarditis, myocarditis, and granulomatous disease in dogs. In an effort to elucidate other potential disease manifestations, the case records of 24 dogs that were seroreactive to B. vinsonii (berkhoffii) antigens were studied retrospectively. Diagnoses included immune-mediated hemolytic anemia, neutrophilic or granulomatous meningoencephalitis, neutrophilic polyarthritis, cutaneous vasculitis, and uveitis. Repeated B. vinsonii (berkhoffii) antibody titers became negative after treatment. This study indicates that a diverse spectrum of disease manifestations and clinicopathological abnormalities can be detected in dogs that are seroreactive to B. vinsonii (berkhoffii) antigens.}, number={2}, journal={JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN ANIMAL HOSPITAL ASSOCIATION}, author={Breitschwerdt, EB and Blann, KR and Stebbins, ME and Munana, KR and Davidson, MG and Jackson, HA and Willard, MD}, year={2004}, pages={92–101} }
 @article{levy_liang_ritchey_davidson_tompkins_tompkins_2004, title={Failure of FIV-infected cats to control Toxoplasma gondii correlates with reduced IL2, IL6, and IL12 and elevated IL10 expression by lymph node T cells}, volume={98}, ISSN={["0165-2427"]}, DOI={10.1016/j.vetimm.2003.11.002}, abstractNote={Increased susceptibility to intracellular pathogens in HIV-infected individuals and FIV-infected cats is attributed to a defective T-helper 1 (Th1) immune response. However, little is known about specific cytokine responses to secondary pathogens. To address this question, control and FIV-infected cats were challenged with Toxoplasma gondii, and lymph node cells analyzed for cytokine mRNA expression. Twenty-four weeks post-FIV infection, prior to T. gondii challenge, IL2 and IL12 mRNAs were depressed, whereas IL10 and IFNγ mRNAs were increased in CD4+ and CD8+ subsets. Following T. gondii challenge, control cats showed increased expression of IL2, IFNγ, IL10, IL12, and IL6 mRNAs. In contrast, IL2, IL6, IFNγ, and IL12 mRNAs were suppressed in FIV–T. gondii co-infected cats, whereas IL10 remained at the high prechallenge levels. IFNγ and IL10 mRNAs were produced by both CD4+ and CD8+ cells in FIV–T. gondii cats. Elevated IL10 may suppress a Th1 cytokine response to T. gondii challenge.}, number={1-2}, journal={VETERINARY IMMUNOLOGY AND IMMUNOPATHOLOGY}, author={Levy, JK and Liang, YH and Ritchey, JW and Davidson, MG and Tompkins, WA and Tompkins, MB}, year={2004}, month={Mar}, pages={101–111} }
 @article{wilkie_davidson_2004, title={Preface}, volume={7}, ISSN={["1463-5216"]}, DOI={10.1111/j.1463-5224.2004.04045.x}, abstractNote={Veterinary OphthalmologyVolume 7, Issue 5 p. 283-283 Preface David A. Wilkie, David A. Wilkie College of Veterinary Medicine, The Ohio State UniversitySearch for more papers by this authorMichael Davidson, Michael Davidson College of Veterinary Medicine, North Carolina State UniversitySearch for more papers by this author David A. Wilkie, David A. Wilkie College of Veterinary Medicine, The Ohio State UniversitySearch for more papers by this authorMichael Davidson, Michael Davidson College of Veterinary Medicine, North Carolina State UniversitySearch for more papers by this author First published: 16 August 2004 https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1463-5224.2004.04045.xRead the full textAboutPDF ToolsRequest permissionExport citationAdd to favoritesTrack citation ShareShare Give accessShare full text accessShare full-text accessPlease review our Terms and Conditions of Use and check box below to share full-text version of article.I have read and accept the Wiley Online Library Terms and Conditions of UseShareable LinkUse the link below to share a full-text version of this article with your friends and colleagues. Learn more.Copy URL Share a linkShare onFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditWechat No abstract is available for this article. Volume7, Issue5September 2004Pages 283-283 RelatedInformation}, number={5}, journal={VETERINARY OPHTHALMOLOGY}, author={Wilkie, DA and Davidson, M}, year={2004}, pages={283–283} }
 @article{michau_breitschwerdt_gilger_davidson_2003, title={Bartonella vinsonii subspecies berkhoffi as a possible cause of anterior uveitis and choroiditis in a dog}, volume={6}, ISSN={["1463-5224"]}, DOI={10.1111/j.1463-5224.2003.00310.x}, abstractNote={Abstract}, number={4}, journal={VETERINARY OPHTHALMOLOGY}, author={Michau, TM and Breitschwerdt, EB and Gilger, BC and Davidson, MG}, year={2003}, month={Dec}, pages={299–304} }
 @article{michau_proulx_rushton_olivry_dunston_gilger_davidson_2003, title={Intraocular extramedullary plasmacytoma in a cat}, volume={6}, ISSN={["1463-5224"]}, url={http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?eid=2-s2.0-0037629973&partnerID=MN8TOARS}, DOI={10.1046/j.1463-5224.2003.00277.x}, abstractNote={Abstract}, number={2}, journal={VETERINARY OPHTHALMOLOGY}, author={Michau, TM and Proulx, DR and Rushton, SD and Olivry, T and Dunston, SM and Gilger, BC and Davidson, MG}, year={2003}, month={Jun}, pages={177–181} }
 @article{haupert_grossniklaus_sharara_davidson_syed_fekrat_2003, title={Optimal laser power to rupture Bruch's membrane and the retinal vein in the pig}, volume={34}, ISSN={["1938-2375"]}, DOI={10.3928/1542-8877-20030301-08}, abstractNote={* BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE: For laserinduced chorioretinal venous anastomosis to become a viable treatment option for perfused central retinal vein occlusion, laser parameters must be refined to more reliably create venous anastomoses while minimizing complications. The aim of this study was to determine the lowest argon laser power at which Bruch's membrane and the retinal vein are ruptured in 100% of attempts in the porcine eye.}, number={2}, journal={OPHTHALMIC SURGERY LASERS & IMAGING}, author={Haupert, CL and Grossniklaus, HE and Sharara, N and Davidson, MG and Syed, A and Fekrat, S}, year={2003}, pages={122–127} }
 @article{sobol_foley_nyska_davidson_wilson_2003, title={Regulated over-expression of DNA polymerase beta mediates early onset cataract in mice}, volume={2}, ISSN={["1568-7864"]}, DOI={10.1016/S1568-7864(03)00026-0}, abstractNote={Base excision repair (BER) is a tightly coordinated mechanism for repair of DNA base damage (via alkylation and oxidation) and base loss. From E. coli to yeast to human cells, subtle alterations in expression of BER proteins lead to mutagenic or genome instability phenotypes. DNA polymerase beta (beta-pol), the major BER polymerase, has been found to be over-expressed in human tumor tissues and more recently it has been shown that over-expression of beta-pol results in a mutator and genome instability phenotype. These previous reports imply that beta-pol over-expression is deleterious and suggests that such an imbalance may cause an overall functional deficiency in the BER pathway. In the present study, we have developed a bicistronic tetracycline-responsive transgenic system to over-express beta-pol in mice. We find that over-expression of beta-pol in the lens epithelium results in the early onset of severe cortical cataract, with cataractogenesis beginning within 4 days after birth. In utero and post-natal suppression of transgenic Flag-beta-pol expression by doxycycline administration completely prevents cataract formation through adulthood, yet cataract is subsequently observed following removal of doxycycline and re-expression of the transgene. Cataract development accompanies increased expression of cyclooxygenase-2 in the lenticular fibers of the lens, implicating oxidative stress in the development of this cataractous phenotype. Although the mechanism for the transgene mediated cataractogenesis is not clear at this time, it is nevertheless intriguing that increased expression of beta-pol leads to such a phenotype. These results suggest that either a beta-pol expression imbalance negatively affects overall fidelity and/or BER capacity or that beta-pol has a role in lens epithelial cell differentiation.}, number={5}, journal={DNA REPAIR}, author={Sobol, RW and Foley, JF and Nyska, A and Davidson, MG and Wilson, SH}, year={2003}, month={May}, pages={609–622} }
 @article{michau_schwabenton_davidson_gilger_2003, title={Superficial, nonhealing corneal ulcers in horses: 23 cases (1989-2003)}, volume={6}, ISSN={["1463-5216"]}, DOI={10.1111/j.1463-5224.2003.00309.x}, abstractNote={Abstract}, number={4}, journal={VETERINARY OPHTHALMOLOGY}, author={Michau, TM and Schwabenton, B and Davidson, MG and Gilger, BC}, year={2003}, month={Dec}, pages={291–297} }
 @article{pizzirani_davidson_gilger_2003, title={Transpupillary diode laser retinopexy in dogs: ophthalmoscopic, fluorescein angiographic and histopathologic study}, volume={6}, ISSN={["1463-5216"]}, DOI={10.1046/j.1463-5224.2003.00299.x}, abstractNote={Abstract}, number={3}, journal={VETERINARY OPHTHALMOLOGY}, author={Pizzirani, S and Davidson, AG and Gilger, BC}, year={2003}, month={Sep}, pages={227–235} }
 @article{michau_gilger_maggio_davidson_2003, title={Use of thermokeratoplasty for treatment of ulcerative keratitis and bullous keratopathy secondary to corneal endothelial disease in dogs: 13 cases (1994-2001)}, volume={222}, ISSN={["0003-1488"]}, DOI={10.2460/javma.2003.222.607}, abstractNote={Abstract}, number={5}, journal={JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN VETERINARY MEDICAL ASSOCIATION}, author={Michau, TM and Gilger, BC and Maggio, F and Davidson, MG}, year={2003}, month={Mar}, pages={607–612} }
 @article{colitz_davidson_gilger_2002, title={Bilateral proliferative keratitis in a Domestic Long-haired cat}, volume={5}, ISSN={["1463-5216"]}, DOI={10.1046/j.1463-5224.2002.00221.x}, abstractNote={Abstract}, number={2}, journal={VETERINARY OPHTHALMOLOGY}, author={Colitz, CMH and Davidson, MG and Gilger, BC}, year={2002}, month={Jun}, pages={137–140} }
 @article{massa_gilger_miller_davidson_2002, title={Causes of uveitis in dogs: 102 cases (1989-2000)}, volume={5}, ISSN={["1463-5216"]}, DOI={10.1046/j.1463-5224.2002.00217.x}, abstractNote={Abstract}, number={2}, journal={VETERINARY OPHTHALMOLOGY}, author={Massa, KL and Gilger, BC and Miller, TL and Davidson, MG}, year={2002}, month={Jun}, pages={93–98} }
 @article{colitz_lewbart_davidson_2002, title={Phacoemulsification in an adult Savannah monitor lizard}, volume={5}, ISSN={["1463-5216"]}, DOI={10.1046/j.1463-5224.2002.00233.x}, abstractNote={Abstract}, number={3}, journal={VETERINARY OPHTHALMOLOGY}, author={Colitz, CMH and Lewbart, G and Davidson, MG}, year={2002}, month={Sep}, pages={207–209} }
 @article{jurk_thibodeau_whitney_gilger_davidson_2001, title={Acute vision loss after general anesthesia in a cat}, volume={4}, ISSN={["1463-5216"]}, DOI={10.1046/j.1463-5224.2001.00170.x}, abstractNote={Abstract}, number={2}, journal={VETERINARY OPHTHALMOLOGY}, author={Jurk, IR and Thibodeau, MS and Whitney, K and Gilger, BC and Davidson, MG}, year={2001}, month={Jun}, pages={155–158} }
 @article{moodie_hashizume_houston_hoopes_demidenko_trembly_davidson_2001, title={Postnatal development of corneal curvature and thickness in the cat}, volume={4}, ISSN={["1463-5224"]}, DOI={10.1046/j.1463-5216.2001.00198.x}, abstractNote={Abstract}, number={4}, journal={VETERINARY OPHTHALMOLOGY}, author={Moodie, KL and Hashizume, N and Houston, DL and Hoopes, PJ and Demidenko, E and Trembly, BS and Davidson, MG}, year={2001}, pages={267–272} }
 @article{davidson_2001, title={Towards a better canine intraocular lens}, volume={4}, ISSN={1463-5216 1463-5224}, url={http://dx.doi.org/10.1046/j.1463-5224.2001.00175.x}, DOI={10.1046/j.1463-5224.2001.00175.x}, abstractNote={Veterinary OphthalmologyVolume 4, Issue 1 p. 1-1 Towards a better canine intraocular lens Michael G. Davidson, Michael G. Davidson Raleigh, North Carolina, USASearch for more papers by this author Michael G. Davidson, Michael G. Davidson Raleigh, North Carolina, USASearch for more papers by this author First published: 21 December 2001 https://doi.org/10.1046/j.1463-5224.2001.00175.xCitations: 8Read the full textAboutPDF ToolsRequest permissionExport citationAdd to favoritesTrack citation ShareShare Give accessShare full text accessShare full-text accessPlease review our Terms and Conditions of Use and check box below to share full-text version of article.I have read and accept the Wiley Online Library Terms and Conditions of UseShareable LinkUse the link below to share a full-text version of this article with your friends and colleagues. Learn more.Copy URL No abstract is available for this article.Citing Literature Volume4, Issue1March 2001Pages 1-1 RelatedInformation}, number={1}, journal={Veterinary Ophthalmology}, publisher={Wiley}, author={Davidson, Michael G.}, year={2001}, month={Mar}, pages={1–1} }
 @article{gilger_wilkie_davidson_allen_2001, title={Use of an intravitreal sustained-release cyclosporine delivery device for treatment of equine recurrent uveitis}, volume={62}, ISSN={["0002-9645"]}, DOI={10.2460/ajvr.2001.62.1892}, abstractNote={Abstract}, number={12}, journal={AMERICAN JOURNAL OF VETERINARY RESEARCH}, author={Gilger, BC and Wilkie, DA and Davidson, MG and Allen, JB}, year={2001}, month={Dec}, pages={1892–1896} }
 @article{davidson_2000, title={Dorzolamide}, volume={22}, number={4}, journal={Compendium on Continuing Education for the Practicing Veterinarian}, author={Davidson, M. G.}, year={2000}, pages={340–342} }
 @article{davidson_morgan_mcgahan_2000, title={Effect of surgical technique on in vitro posterior capsule opacification}, volume={26}, ISSN={["0886-3350"]}, DOI={10.1016/S0886-3350(99)00451-4}, abstractNote={To compare the effect of different cataract extraction surgical techniques on residual lens epithelial cell (LEC) density and cell regrowth rates using an in vitro model of posterior capsule opacification (PCO).Comparative Ophthalmology Research Laboratories, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, North Carolina, USA.Lens capsule explants were prepared from freshly enucleated canine globes after extracapsular cataract extraction (ECCE), phacoemulsification, or phacoemulsification followed by capsule vacuuming. Initial cell density on the capsule and cell proliferation were determined by phase contrast microscopy. The effects of the surgical technique on time to confluent growth of the cells across the posterior lens capsule were determined.Residual cell density on the remaining anterior capsule immediately after lens removal was 31.6% +/- 19.3%, 16.1% +/- 8.9%, and 7.7% +/- 5.7% in the ECCE, phacoemulsification, and phacoemulsification/capsule-vacuuming groups, respectively. Time to confluence (range 5.0 to 6.3 days) was not significantly different among the 3 groups when the lens capsules were cultured in serum-supplemented media. The confluence rate was significantly longer (by approximately 5 to 7 days) in the phacoemulsification/capsule-vacuuming group than in the other 2 groups when the capsules were cultured in serum-free media.Phacoemulsification with and without anterior and equatorial capsular vacuuming led to less initial LEC density in the capsular bag than ECCE. However, because cell proliferation rates among the 3 groups were only marginally affected, near 100% removal of LEC at the time of cataract extraction may be necessary to prevent PCO.}, number={10}, journal={JOURNAL OF CATARACT AND REFRACTIVE SURGERY}, author={Davidson, MG and Morgan, DK and McGahan, MC}, year={2000}, month={Oct}, pages={1550–1554} }
 @article{davidson_wormstone_morgan_malakof_allen_mcgahan_2000, title={Ex vivo canine lens capsular sac explants}, volume={238}, ISSN={["0721-832X"]}, DOI={10.1007/s004170000158}, abstractNote={{"Label"=>"BACKGROUND", "NlmCategory"=>"BACKGROUND"} Lens capsular sac explants from human cadaver eyes were used to investigate posterior capsular opacification (PCO). The purpose of this study was to characterize a similar model using canine tissue and to determine whether transferrin (Tf), transforming growth factor beta-2 (TGF-beta2), and insulin-like growth factor-1 (IGF-1) are secreted by lens epithelial cells (LEC) of these ex vivo sacs. {"Label"=>"METHODS", "NlmCategory"=>"METHODS"} The lens from canine eyes was removed by extracapsular cataract extraction, the lens sac dissected free, pinned to a petri dish, and cultured in either serum-supplemented or serum-free medium. Morphologic characteristics and growth rate to confluence on the posterior capsule were studied by phase-contrast microscopy. Vimentin, alpha smooth muscle actin, and panTGF-beta expression by LEC were determined by immunohistochemistry. Tf, TGF-beta2, and IGF-1 levels were measured by ELISA in the supernatant of sacs cultured in serum-free medium. {"Label"=>"RESULTS", "NlmCategory"=>"RESULTS"} The mean time to confluence of LEC onto the posterior capsule was 5.4+/-1.1 days (n=22) and 14.7+/-3.7 days (n=14) for sacs in serum-supplemented and serum-free medium, respectively. Following development of confluence, explants displayed opacification and light scatter from cellular proliferation and capsular contraction. Confluent LEC expressed vimentin, alpha smooth muscle actin, and TGF-beta2, and both Tf and TGF-beta2 were secreted into the culture supernatant. {"Label"=>"CONCLUSION", "NlmCategory"=>"CONCLUSIONS"} Canine lens sac explants have characteristics virtually identical to those of human origin, and appear to be a useful alternative tissue source for this model when human cadaver eyes are unavailable. Tf and TGFbeta-2, but not IGF-1, are secreted by LEC in explanted lens sacs and may influence the proliferation and metaplasia of LEC during the development of PCO.}, number={8}, journal={GRAEFES ARCHIVE FOR CLINICAL AND EXPERIMENTAL OPHTHALMOLOGY}, author={Davidson, MG and Wormstone, M and Morgan, D and Malakof, R and Allen, J and McGahan, MC}, year={2000}, month={Aug}, pages={708–714} }
 @article{colitz_malarkey_dykstra_mcgahan_davidson_2000, title={Histologic and immunohistochemical characterization of lens capsular plaques in dogs with cataracts}, volume={61}, ISSN={["0002-9645"]}, DOI={10.2460/ajvr.2000.61.139}, abstractNote={Abstract}, number={2}, journal={AMERICAN JOURNAL OF VETERINARY RESEARCH}, author={Colitz, CMH and Malarkey, D and Dykstra, MJ and McGahan, MC and Davidson, MG}, year={2000}, month={Feb}, pages={139–143} }
 @article{pena_roura_davidson_2000, title={Ocular and periocular manifestations of leishmaniasis in dogs: 105 cases (1993-1998)}, volume={3}, ISSN={1463-5216 1463-5224}, url={http://dx.doi.org/10.1046/j.1463-5224.2000.00106.x}, DOI={10.1046/j.1463-5224.2000.00106.x}, abstractNote={The purpose of this retrospective study was to determine the prevalence, type, and prognosis of ocular lesions associated with leishmaniasis in dogs. One hundred and five dogs (24.4% of all cases of leishmaniasis diagnosed during the study period) had ocular or periocular leishmaniasis, and 16 dogs (15.2% of ocular cases) had only ocular lesions and systemic signs were not apparent. Anterior uveitis was the most common manifestation and other prevalent findings included blepharitis and keratoconjunctivitis. Several distinct variations of eyelid lesions were seen including a dry dermatitis with alopecia, diffuse blepharedema, cutaneous ulceration, and discrete nodular granuloma formation. In some cases with keratoconjunctivitis, corneal lesions clinically resembled nodular granulomatous episclerokeratitis. Twenty‐seven of the 34 cases with ocular lesions had improvement in signs following systemic antiprotozoal and topical anti‐inflammatory therapy, although many cases with anterior uveitis required long‐term topical therapy. Response of ocular signs correlated highly with overall, systemic response to therapy. Ophthalmic manifestations of systemic leishmaniasis are common in the dog, and this disease should be considered in the differential diagnosis of most adnexal and anterior segment ocular inflammatory lesions in dogs in endemic areas.}, number={1}, journal={Veterinary Ophthalmology}, publisher={Wiley}, author={Pena, M.T. and Roura, X. and Davidson, M.G.}, year={2000}, month={Mar}, pages={35–41} }
 @article{maggio_defrancesco_atkins_pizzirani_gilger_davidson_2000, title={Ocular lesions associated with systemic hypertension in cats: 69 cases (1985-1998)}, volume={217}, ISSN={["0003-1488"]}, DOI={10.2460/javma.2000.217.695}, abstractNote={Abstract}, number={5}, journal={JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN VETERINARY MEDICAL ASSOCIATION}, author={Maggio, F and DeFrancesco, TC and Atkins, CE and Pizzirani, S and Gilger, BC and Davidson, MG}, year={2000}, month={Sep}, pages={695–702} }
 @article{davidson_2000, title={Orbital fibroma in a horse}, volume={3}, ISBN={1463-5216}, number={2}, journal={Veterinary Ophthalmology}, author={Davidson, M. G.}, year={2000}, pages={213} }
 @article{davidson_2000, title={Toxoplasmosis}, volume={30}, ISSN={["0195-5616"]}, DOI={10.1016/S0195-5616(00)05006-3}, abstractNote={Toxoplasma gondii is a potential cause of anterior uveitis, posterior uveitis, or retinitis in a number of animal species, most commonly the cat. Chorioretinitis is often seen in cats with evidence of generalized toxoplasmosis. Additionally, T. gondii has been incriminated in many cases of idiopathic anterior uveitis in cats, although this is a controversial issue and the parasite may be capable of inciting an immune-mediated inflammation in ocular tissues. Despite recent advances in diagnostic techniques and new antiprotozoal pharmacologic agents, ocular toxoplasmosis remains a difficult disease to diagnose and treat.}, number={5}, journal={VETERINARY CLINICS OF NORTH AMERICA-SMALL ANIMAL PRACTICE}, author={Davidson, MG}, year={2000}, month={Sep}, pages={1051-+} }
 @article{beam_correa_davidson_1999, title={A retrospective-cohort study on the development of cataracts in dogs with diabetes mellitus: 200 cases}, volume={2}, ISSN={1463-5216 1463-5224}, url={http://dx.doi.org/10.1046/j.1463-5224.1999.00073.x}, DOI={10.1046/j.1463-5224.1999.00073.x}, abstractNote={The objective of the study was to determine the incidence and estimated median time to cataract formation in dogs with diabetes mellitus. The animals studied were 200 dogs with diabetes mellitus which were referred to a university teaching hospital between 1985 and 1995. Medical records from dogs with a diagnosis of diabetes mellitus were reviewed and, where necessary, further follow‐up information was gathered from the referring veterinarian. Incidence rate and median time to diabetic cataract formation was calculated using survival‐analysis techniques in a retrospective cohort study design. Among the 200 dogs in the study population, 23 had cataracts at the time of diabetes diagnosis that were presumed to be related to other disease processes. Of the remaining 177 dogs, 132 had documented cataract development with features suggestive as being secondary to diabetes. Twenty‐three dogs did not have obvious cataracts at the time of their last examination while 22 dogs did not have cataracts at the time they were lost to follow‐up. These 55 cases contributed to the statistical models as noncases of cataracts until the last date for which an examination was available. Half of the population had developed cataracts by the 170th day postdiagnosis of diabetes mellitus, while 75% and 80% of the population developed cataracts by 370 days and 470 days, respectively. The results of this study suggest that the majority of dogs with diabetes will develop cataracts within 5–6 months from the time of diagnosis of the disease, and that approximately 80% of dogs will develop cataracts within 16 months of diagnosis.}, number={3}, journal={Veterinary Ophthalmology}, publisher={Wiley}, author={Beam, S and Correa, MT and Davidson, MG}, year={1999}, month={Sep}, pages={169–172} }
 @article{breitschwerdt_papich_hegarty_gilger_hancock_davidson_1999, title={Efficacy of Doxycycline, Azithromycin, or Trovafloxacin for Treatment of Experimental Rocky Mountain Spotted Fever in Dogs}, volume={43}, ISSN={0066-4804 1098-6596}, url={http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/AAC.43.4.813}, DOI={10.1128/aac.43.4.813}, abstractNote={ABSTRACT}, number={4}, journal={Antimicrobial Agents and Chemotherapy}, publisher={American Society for Microbiology}, author={Breitschwerdt, E. B. and Papich, M. G. and Hegarty, B. C. and Gilger, B. and Hancock, S. I. and Davidson, M. G.}, year={1999}, month={Apr}, pages={813–821} }
 @article{davidson_1999, title={Etodolac}, volume={21}, number={6}, journal={Compendium on Continuing Education for the Practicing Veterinarian}, author={Davidson, M. G.}, year={1999}, pages={494–495} }
 @article{gerardi_colitz_dubielzig_davidson_1999, title={Immunohistochemical analysis of lens epithelial-derived membranes following cataract extraction in the dog}, volume={2}, ISSN={1463-5216 1463-5224}, url={http://dx.doi.org/10.1046/j.1463-5224.1999.00071.x}, DOI={10.1046/j.1463-5224.1999.00071.x}, abstractNote={The objective of the study was to characterize the morphologic and immunohistochemical features of lens epithelial‐derived proliferative membranes from the anterior segment of canine globes. These features were correlated with those previously identified for diseases resulting from lens epithelial cell (LEC) proliferation including posterior capsular opacification, traumatic subcapsular cataract, and subcapsular plaques associated with hypermature cataracts. Sixteen canine globes were removed as a result of glaucoma or other complications following cataract extraction. Light microscopic and immunohistochemical analysis was performed on sections from formalin‐fixed, paraffin‐embedded globes. The tissues were stained with a variety of antibodies for cellular markers for LECs, growth factors or other cellular constituents relevant to cellular metaplasia and proliferation. The membranes were composed of monolayers or multilayers of spindle‐shaped cells on the external surfaces of the anterior and posterior lens capsule, ciliary processes, iris leaflets, and iridocorneal angle, and they could be seen extending from an obvious monolayer of LEC within the capsular sac. Variably, scattered pigment cells, presumably of uveal origin, were concurrently present. Cellular components of the membranes stained positive for vimentin, transforming growth factor‐beta, basic fibroblast growth factor, and smooth muscle actin. An amorphous eosinophilic extracellular matrix consisting predominately of collagen was associated with the membranes. Proliferative anterior segment membranes following cataract surgery were morphologically and immunohistochemically similar to cellular and matrix components of posterior capsular opacification and capsular plaques seen with hypermature cataracts, both of which result from metaplasia and proliferation of LEC. The presence of these LEC‐derived membranes in association with secondary glaucoma suggests that exuberant proliferation of LEC outside the confines of the lens capsular sac may cause pathologic alterations in the eye following cataract surgery in the dog.}, number={3}, journal={Veterinary Ophthalmology}, publisher={Wiley}, author={Gerardi, JG and Colitz, CMH and Dubielzig, RR and Davidson, MG}, year={1999}, month={Sep}, pages={163–168} }
 @article{gilger_rose_davidson_roberts_miller_1999, title={Low-Dose Oral Administration of Interferon-alpha for the Treatment of Immune-Mediated Keratoconjunctivitis Sicca in Dogs}, volume={19}, ISSN={1079-9907 1557-7465}, url={http://dx.doi.org/10.1089/107999099313433}, DOI={10.1089/107999099313433}, abstractNote={This preliminary study was designed to evaluate the effectiveness and dosage of oral use of interferon-alpha (IFN-alpha) in the treatment of naturally occurring, immune-mediated, canine keratoconjunctivitis sicca (KCS). Dogs with chronic immune-mediated KCS were selected from the two clinic populations. All medication, except topical artificial tears, was discontinued at least 2 weeks prior to beginning the clinical trial. IFN-alpha was administered orally once daily to the dogs by their owners as the sole therapy for the KCS. Examinations of the dogs were performed every 2 weeks for the duration of the trial (12 weeks). Each dog was given either two or three separate, escalating doses (20, 40, 80 IU of the IFN-alpha. A favorable response was observed in 55% (11/20) of all dogs treated. Clinical findings of those dogs that responded included increased wetting of the eyes, decreased mucus discharge, and fewer signs of discomfort. There was a nearly significant difference (p = 0.08) in pretreatment mean Schirmer's tear test (STT) between the dogs that responded (6.4 +/- SEM 0.62 mm/min) and those that did not respond (4.7 +/- SEM 0.69 mm/min) to the orally administered IFN-alpha. Seven of 11 dogs with favorable outcomes had an increased STT of at least 5 mm/min after treatment with oral IFN-alpha and the group had a post-treatment STT (10.5 +/- SEM 1.4 mm/min) significantly greater than baseline (p = 0.0004). The post-treatment STT of the dogs that did respond was significantly greater (p < 0.01) than the post-treatment mean STT of dogs that did not respond. All dogs that responded did so with the 20 or 40 IU dose of IFN-alpha. No side effects were noted and all dogs tolerated the treatment well.}, number={8}, journal={Journal of Interferon & Cytokine Research}, publisher={Mary Ann Liebert Inc}, author={Gilger, Brian C. and Rose, Patricia D. and Davidson, Michael G. and Roberts, Steven M. and Miller, Thomas}, year={1999}, month={Aug}, pages={901–905} }
 @article{colitz_davidson_mcgahan_1999, title={Telomerase activity in lens epithelial cells of normal and cataractous lenses}, volume={69}, ISSN={["0014-4835"]}, DOI={10.1006/exer.1999.0739}, abstractNote={Telomerase is a ribonucleoprotein responsible for maintaining telomere length, preventing chromosomal degradation and recombination, and repairing DNA strand breaks. These activities are believed to be important in preventing cell senescence. Telomerase activity is normally found in germinal, neoplastic and stem cells, but not any ocular tissue studied to date. The epithelium of the crystalline lens is comprised of a population of cells with diverse mitotic potential including the germinative epithelium which contains cells with the potential for unlimited replicative capacity, equatorial cells which terminally differentiate into lens fibers, and the central epithelium which are considered to be quiescent and nonreplicative under normal circumstances. We speculated that the germinative region of lens epithelial cells might have telomerase activity, and that dysregulation of its activity might be associated with cataractogenesis. We investigated these hypotheses in lens capsule specimens from normal and cataractous dogs and from cultures of canine lens epithelial cells using standard assays for telomerase activity and telomere length. Telomerase activity was found in normal canine lens epithelial cells in the central, germinative and equatorial regions of the anterior lens capsule at equivalent levels. Similar findings were made in feline and murine lens epithelial cells, indicating that the presence of telomerase activity in the lens was not species specific. Lens fiber cells, corneal epithelium and endothelium and nonpigmented ciliary epithelium were telomerase negative. Telomerase activity and telomere lengths were significantly greater in lens epithelia from cataractous lenses when compared with normal lenses. Since telomerase activity is associated with an immortal phenotype, the presence of telomerase activity in the lens epithelial cells may function to prevent conversion to senescence. It was, therefore, difficult to explain why these cells cannot be passaged more than four times in culture. We found that telomerase activity and telomere lengths gradually decreased with increased passages until telomerase activity was no longer present at passage two. Consistent with these findings, there were no senescent cells present on the lens capsule when the lens was initially dissected for culture, but an increasing number of cells were senescent with each passage, correlating well with the loss of telomerase activity. Telomerase activity is likely important in the germinative epithelium to maintain its proliferative potential and prevent cell senescence. Telomerase may function in the quiescent, central lens to maintain telomeres damaged by oxidative stress and ultraviolet light exposure, thereby preventing accelerated loss of these elements which triggers cell senescence. It remains to be determined if the increase in telomerase activity in lens epithelial cells from cataractous lenses is a primary dysregulation that may have a role in the development of the cataract, or is secondary to cataract formation.}, number={6}, journal={EXPERIMENTAL EYE RESEARCH}, author={Colitz, CMH and Davidson, MG and McGahan, MC}, year={1999}, month={Dec}, pages={641–649} }
 @article{levy_ritchey_rottman_davidson_liang_jordan_tompkins_tompkins_1998, title={Elevated interleukin-10-to-interleukin-12 ratio in feline immunodeficiency virus-infected cats predicts loss of type 1 immunity to Toxoplasma gondii}, volume={178}, ISSN={["0022-1899"]}, DOI={10.1086/515632}, abstractNote={Similar to human immunodeficiency virus, feline immunodeficiency virus (FIV) induces immunodeficiency and enhanced susceptibility to secondary pathogens. To explore cytokine alterations in lentivirus immunodeficiency, constitutive mRNA expression was measured in lymph nodes of healthy and FIV-infected cats before and after challenge with Toxoplasma gondii. Cytokine mRNA expression was similar in control and FIV-infected cats during the first 10 weeks after infection. At 16 weeks, interferon (IFN)-gamma, tumor necrosis factor-alpha, and interleukin (IL)-10 mRNA were increased in FIV-infected cats. Challenge with T. gondii induced an increase in IL-2, IFN-gamma, and IL-12 in the lymph nodes of control cats, whereas IFN-gamma and IL-10 but not IL-2 or IL-12 increased in the lymph nodes of FIV-T. gondii coinfected cats. These results indicate that FIV immunodeficiency may derive from a failure to generate an IL-12-dependent type 1 response and that an elevated level of IL-10 mRNA expression is a predictor of lentivirus immunodeficiency.}, number={2}, journal={JOURNAL OF INFECTIOUS DISEASES}, author={Levy, JK and Ritchey, JW and Rottman, JB and Davidson, MG and Liang, YH and Jordan, HL and Tompkins, WA and Tompkins, MB}, year={1998}, month={Aug}, pages={503–511} }
 @article{gilger_davidson_colitz_1998, title={Experimental implantation of posterior chamber prototype intraocular lenses for the feline eye}, volume={59}, number={10}, journal={American Journal of Veterinary Research}, author={Gilger, B. C. and Davidson, M. G. and Colitz, C. M. H.}, year={1998}, month={Oct}, pages={1339–1343} }
 @article{davidson_english_1998, title={Feline ocular toxoplasmosis}, volume={1}, DOI={10.1046/j.1463-5224.1998.00033.x}, abstractNote={Ocular infection withToxoplasma gondiiis a well‐recognized and important clinical entity in many animal species. In the cat, ocular toxoplasmosis is commonly associated with systemic infection, yet its role in causing anterior uveitis in an otherwise healthy cat is unclear. The purpose of this article is to review the salient epidemiological, clinical, and histopathologic features of systemic and ocular toxoplasmosis in the cat. Additionally, pathogenesis and possible immunopathogenic mechanisms of ocular toxoplasmosis, which may account for the higher prevalence of anterior uveitis in cats seropositive forT. gondii, are discussed. Finally, diagnosis, treatment and prevention of feline toxoplasmosis are reviewed.}, number={2}, journal={Veterinary Ophthalmology}, author={Davidson, M. G. and English, R. V.}, year={1998}, pages={71} }
 @article{gilger_davidson_howard_1998, title={Keratometry, ultrasonic biometry, and prediction of intraocular lens power in the feline eye}, volume={59}, number={2}, journal={American Journal of Veterinary Research}, author={Gilger, B. C. and Davidson, M. G. and Howard, P. B.}, year={1998}, month={Feb}, pages={131–134} }
 @article{lee_meyer_sullivan_davidson_swanson_hellyer_1998, title={Respiratory depressant and skeletal muscle relaxant effects of low-dose pancuronium bromide in spontaneously breathing, isoflurane-anesthetized dogs}, volume={27}, ISSN={["0161-3499"]}, DOI={10.1111/j.1532-950X.1998.tb00159.x}, abstractNote={Objective—To assess and compare the respiratory depressant and skeletal muscle relaxant effects of two low doses of a nondepolarizing neuromuscular blocker, pancuronium bromide. To determine if a “low dose” of pancuronium bromide can produce selective skeletal muscle relaxation in extraocular muscles sufficient to perform intraocular surgery while sparing or minimizing depression of muscles of ventilation.}, number={5}, journal={VETERINARY SURGERY}, author={Lee, DD and Meyer, RE and Sullivan, TC and Davidson, MG and Swanson, CR and Hellyer, PW}, year={1998}, pages={473–479} }
 @article{davidson_geoly_gilger_mclellan_whitley_1998, title={Retinal degeneration associated with vitamin E deficiency in hunting dogs}, volume={213}, number={5}, journal={Journal of the American Veterinary Medical Association}, author={Davidson, M. G. and Geoly, F. J. and Gilger, B. C. and McLellan, G. J. and Whitley, W.}, year={1998}, month={Sep}, pages={645–651} }
 @article{allen_davidson_nasisse_fleisher_mcgahan_1998, title={The lens influences aqueous humor levels of transforming growth factor-beta 2}, volume={236}, ISSN={["0721-832X"]}, DOI={10.1007/s004170050083}, abstractNote={{"Label"=>"BACKGROUND", "NlmCategory"=>"BACKGROUND"} Transforming growth factor-beta 2 (TGF-beta 2) is a pluripotent cytokine which has been suggested to play a number of roles in ocular physiologic and pathologic states. Intraocular fluid (i.o.f.) levels of TGF-beta 2 are quite high. Although the sources of ocular TGF-beta are not completely defined, the retinal pigment epithelium, the epithelium of the ciliary body and trabecular meshwork cells all secrete it. In this study we utilized canine lens and rabbit ciliary pigmented epithelial cell cultures to quantitate the in vitro secretion of TGF-beta 2. In addition, the effects of aphakia or the presence of cataractous lenses on IOF TGF-beta 2 levels were determined. {"Label"=>"METHODS", "NlmCategory"=>"METHODS"} Lens and ciliary body epithelial cell culture supernatants and aqueous humors were assayed for total TGF-beta 2 levels by ELISA and bioassay. {"Label"=>"RESULTS", "NlmCategory"=>"RESULTS"} TGF-beta 2 accumulated in the media bathing lens epithelial cell cultures (0.7 +/- 0.03 ng/ml at day 2) and ciliary pigmented epithelial cell cultures (0.8 +/- 0.06 ng/ml at day 2) in a time-dependent manner. Surprisingly, aqueous humor from aphakic rabbit eyes contained significantly higher levels of TGF-beta 2 than their contralateral phakic controls. Furthermore, aqueous humor from canine eyes with cataracts also contained significantly higher levels of TGF-beta 2 than normal eyes. {"Label"=>"CONCLUSIONS", "NlmCategory"=>"CONCLUSIONS"} These results suggest that the lens secretes TGF-beta 2 and that the presence and status of the lens may influence IOF TGF-beta 2 levels.}, number={4}, journal={GRAEFES ARCHIVE FOR CLINICAL AND EXPERIMENTAL OPHTHALMOLOGY}, author={Allen, JB and Davidson, MG and Nasisse, MP and Fleisher, LN and McGahan, MC}, year={1998}, month={Apr}, pages={305–311} }
 @article{davidson_harned_grimes_duncan_wormstone_mcgahan_1998, title={Transferrin in after-cataract and as a survival factor for lens epithelium}, volume={66}, ISSN={["1096-0007"]}, DOI={10.1006/exer.1997.0413}, abstractNote={The Fe-transport protein, transferrin (Tf), is synthesized and secreted by whole lenses and cultured lens epithelial cells. Because of Tf's central role in cell growth and proliferation, its participation in lens cell proliferation following cataract extraction was explored using a rabbit model of after-cataract. Varying amounts of the central anterior lens capsule were removed (0, 35, or 80%) following extraction of the lens. The Tf content of and secretion by after-cataract lens capsular sacs containing regenerated lens tissue was determined ex vivo at 0, 3, 5, 7 and 9 weeks post-surgery. In all cases Tf content of and secretion by the lens sacs was higher than that of their contralateral controls (whole lenses). Tf secretion was up to 5-fold higher and metabolic labeling studies indicated secretion of newly synthesized Tf. The sacs contained up to 10 times the concentration of Tf as the control lenses. Human lens after-cataract capsular bags also secreted Tf. The function of Tf as a survival factor was tested on cultured lens epithelial cells. Cells cultured in serum-free medium had a survival rate of only 20-34% if the medium was changed each day. If the medium was never changed during this period, the survival rate was 43-52%, suggesting secretion of essential growth factors by these cells. Addition of 200 microg ml-1 Tf to the medium during each daily change increased survival to levels attained when the medium was not changed. Addition of Tf antibodies to the culture medium during each daily change decreased cell survival to 14%. Apparently Tf acts as a survival factor for lens epithelia and its synthesis is up-regulated in after-cataract lens sacs. These factors suggest that Tf may play an important role in the pathogenesis of lens epithelial cell proliferation and after-cataract formation following cataract surgery.}, number={2}, journal={EXPERIMENTAL EYE RESEARCH}, author={Davidson, MG and Harned, J and Grimes, AM and Duncan, G and Wormstone, IM and McGahan, MC}, year={1998}, month={Feb}, pages={207–215} }
 @article{sullivan_davidson_nasisse_glover_1997, title={Canine retinopexy: a determination of surgical landmarks, and a comparison of cryo application and diode laser methods}, volume={7}, number={2}, journal={Veterinary and Comparative Ophthalmology}, author={Sullivan, T. C. and Davidson, M. G. and Nasisse, M. P. and Glover, T. L.}, year={1997}, pages={89–95} }
 @article{nadelstein_wilcock_cook_davidson_1997, title={Clinical and histopathologic effects of diode laser transscleral cyclophotocoagulation in the normal canine eye}, volume={7}, number={3}, journal={Veterinary and Comparative Ophthalmology}, author={Nadelstein, B. and Wilcock, B. and Cook, C. and Davidson, M. G.}, year={1997}, pages={155–162} }
 @article{davidson_1997, title={Clinical retinoscopy for the veterinary ophthalmologists}, volume={7}, number={2}, journal={Veterinary and Comparative Ophthalmology}, author={Davidson, M. G.}, year={1997}, pages={128–137} }
 @article{hawkins_davidson_meuten_rottman_al._1997, title={Cytologic identification of Toxoplasma gondii in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid of experimentally infected cats}, volume={210}, number={5}, journal={Journal of the American Veterinary Medical Association}, author={Hawkins, E. C. and Davidson, M. G. and Meuten, D. J. and Rottman, J. B. and al.}, year={1997}, pages={648–650} }
 @article{gilger_davidson_nadelstein_nasisse_1997, title={Neodymium yttrium aluminum garnet laser treatment of cystic granula iridica in horses: Eight cases (1988 1996)}, volume={211}, number={3}, journal={Journal of the American Veterinary Medical Association}, author={Gilger, B. C. and Davidson, M. G. and Nadelstein, B. and Nasisse, M.}, year={1997}, pages={341–343} }
 @article{breitschwerdt_davidson_hegarty_papich_grindem_1997, title={Prednisolone at anti-inflammatory or immunosuppressive dosages in conjunction with doxycycline does not potentiate the severity of Rickettsia rickettsii infection in dogs.}, volume={41}, ISSN={0066-4804 1098-6596}, url={http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/AAC.41.1.141}, DOI={10.1128/aac.41.1.141}, abstractNote={Dogs were experimentally inoculated with Rickettsia rickettsii to determine if anti-inflammatory or immunosuppressive dosages of prednisolone, when administered in conjunction with an antirickettsial antibiotic (doxycycline), induced therapeutically relevant pathophysiological consequences that ultimately influence disease outcome. Although the duration of rickettsemia was prolonged in dogs receiving immunosuppressive, but not anti-inflammatory, corticosteroids, concurrent administration of doxycycline and corticosteroids conferred no other detected detrimental effects. Treatment with doxycycline or doxycycline in conjunction with prednisolone resulted in decreased R. rickettsii-specific antibody titers; however, examination of appropriately timed acute- and convalescent-phase serum samples would have facilitated an accurate diagnosis of Rocky Mountain spotted fever (RMSF) in all 16 dogs. We conclude that the concurrent use of anti-inflammatory or immunosuppressive doses of prednisolone in conjunction with doxycycline, early in the course of experimental RMSF, confers no clinically relevant detrimental effects and that additional studies might be indicated to detect possible beneficial effects in cases of severe or potentially fulminant RMSF. However, because the illness induced in these dogs was of mild to moderate severity, the results of this study should definitely not be construed as supporting the safety or efficacy of prednisolone for treatment of severe canine or human RMSF.}, number={1}, journal={Antimicrobial Agents and Chemotherapy}, publisher={American Society for Microbiology}, author={Breitschwerdt, E B and Davidson, M G and Hegarty, B C and Papich, M G and Grindem, C B}, year={1997}, month={Jan}, pages={141–147} }
 @article{drost_berry_breitschwerdt_davidson_1997, title={THORACIC RADIOGRAPHIC FINDINGS IN DOGS INFECTED WITH RICKETTSIA RICKETTSII}, volume={38}, ISSN={1058-8183 1740-8261}, url={http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1740-8261.1997.tb00852.x}, DOI={10.1111/j.1740-8261.1997.tb00852.x}, abstractNote={Sixteen beagle dogs were injected intradermally withRickettsia rickettsii.The dogs were divided into four groups (n=4):1) infected, non‐treated withdoxycycline;3) infected, treated with doxycycline and an anti‐inflammatory dose of corticosteroid;4) infected, treated with ocular fluoresein angiograhphy was performed on days 6, 10, 17 post‐inoculatin.A mild interstitial lung opacitywas noted in4/16 dogs on day 6, 5/16 on day 10 and 17 post‐inculatin. Increased retinal vascular permeability was noted n 8/16 dogs on day 6,3/16 on day 10 and 1/16 on day 17 post‐inoculation. Correlatin between the presence of radiographic and retinal lesions was not signigicant (p=0.08). Elevan, naturally infected, dogs with thoracic radiographs and an final diagnosis of RMSF were also evluated. Four of the 11 dogs had an unstructu4red inteerstitial pattern. Dogs with acute, experimentally‐infected or naturally‐occurring RMSF may have subtle pulmonary changes characterized by an unstructured interstitial patteern.}, number={4}, journal={Veterinary Radiology <html_ent glyph="@amp;" ascii="&"/> Ultrasound}, publisher={Wiley}, author={Drost, Wm Tod and Berry, Clifford R. and Breitschwerdt, Edward B. and Davidson, Michael G.}, year={1997}, month={Jul}, pages={260–266} }
 @article{davidson_lappin_english_tompkins_1993, title={A feline model of ocular toxoplasmosis}, volume={34}, number={13}, journal={Investigative Ophthalmology and Visual Science}, author={Davidson, M. G. and Lappin, M. R. and English, R. V. and Tompkins, M. B.}, year={1993}, pages={3653} }
 @article{davidson_rottman_english_lappin_tompkins_1993, title={Feline immunodeficiency virus predisposes cats to acute generalized toxoplasmosis}, volume={143}, number={5}, journal={American Journal of Pathology}, author={Davidson, M. G. and Rottman, J. B. and English, R. V. and Lappin, M. R. and Tompkins, M. B.}, year={1993}, pages={1486} }
 @article{davidson_murphy_nasisse_hellkamp_olivero_brinkmann_campbell_1993, title={Refractive state of aphakic and pseudophakic eyes of dogs}, volume={54}, number={1}, journal={American Journal of Veterinary Research}, author={Davidson, M. G. and Murphy, C. J. and Nasisse, M. P. and Hellkamp, A. S. and Olivero, D. K. and Brinkmann, M. C. and Campbell, L. H.}, year={1993}, pages={174} }
 @article{davidson_nasisse_breitschwerdt_thrall_page_jamieson_english_1991, title={Acute blindness associated with intracranial tumors in dogs and cats: Eight cases (1984-1989)}, volume={199}, number={6}, journal={Journal of the American Veterinary Medical Association}, author={Davidson, M. G. and Nasisse, M. P. and Breitschwerdt, E. B. and Thrall, D. E. and Page, R. L. and Jamieson, V. E. and English, R. V.}, year={1991}, pages={755} }
 @article{davidson_baty_1991, title={Anaphylaxis associated with intravenous sodium fluorescein administration in a cat}, volume={1}, number={2}, journal={Veterinary and Comparative Ophthalmology}, author={Davidson, M. G. and Baty, K. T.}, year={1991}, pages={127} }
 @article{davidson_nasisse_english_wilcock_jamieson_1991, title={Feline anterior uveitis: A study of 53 cases}, volume={27}, number={1}, journal={Journal of the American Animal Hospital Association}, author={Davidson, M. G. and Nasisse, M. P. and English, R. V. and Wilcock, B. P. and Jamieson, V. E.}, year={1991}, pages={77} }
 @article{davidson_nasisse_jamieson_english_olivero_1991, title={Phacoemulsification and intraocular lens implantation: A study of surgical results in 182 dogs}, volume={1}, number={4}, journal={Veterinary and Comparative Ophthalmology}, author={Davidson, M. G. and Nasisse, M. P. and Jamieson, V. E. and English, R. V. and Olivero, D. K.}, year={1991}, pages={233} }
 @article{davidson_nasisse_jamieson_english_olivero_1991, title={Traumatic anterior lens capsule disruption}, volume={27}, number={4}, journal={Journal of the American Animal Hospital Association}, author={Davidson, M. G. and Nasisse, M. P. and Jamieson, V. E. and English, R. V. and Olivero, D. K.}, year={1991}, pages={410} }
 @article{davidson_nasisse_kornegay_1990, title={INTERMEDIATE FILAMENT COMPLEMENT OF THE NORMAL AND GLIOTIC CANINE RETINA}, volume={103}, ISSN={["0021-9975"]}, DOI={10.1016/S0021-9975(08)80169-7}, abstractNote={Intermediate filament expression of various cell types in the adult canine normal and gliotic retina was determined by an immunoperoxidase method of using monoclonal antibodies on aldehyde-fixed tissues. In the normal retina, vimentin was present in astrocytes in the nerve fibre layer, horizontal cell processes, and Müller cell fibres from the internal limiting membrane to the outer nuclear layer. Neurofilamentous axons were noted in the nerve fibre, inner plexiform layer, and outer plexiform layer, although the degree of staining intensity varied among the three molecular weight neurofilament antisera used. Glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP) staining was confined to the nerve fibre and ganglion cell layer; this was interpreted as representing fibrous astrocytes. Astrocyte density varied according to retinal topography with an increased number around retinal blood vessels and in the peripapillary retina. Quantitative, but not qualitative differences in staining for vimentin and the neurofilaments were noted in degenerative, gliotic retinas. In common with several other mammalian species previously studied, the canine Müller cells accumulate or express GFAP under pathological conditions involving a gliotic response.}, number={2}, journal={JOURNAL OF COMPARATIVE PATHOLOGY}, author={DAVIDSON, M and NASISSE, M and KORNEGAY, J}, year={1990}, month={Aug}, pages={125–134} }
 @article{davidson_nasisse_rusnak_corbett_english_1990, title={SUCCESS RATES OF UNILATERAL VS BILATERAL CATARACT-EXTRACTION IN DOGS}, volume={19}, ISSN={["0161-3499"]}, DOI={10.1111/j.1532-950X.1990.tb01176.x}, abstractNote={Postoperative results of 113 unilateral and 77 bilateral extracapsular cataract extractions (EC‐CEs) in dogs were evaluated retrospectively. Restoration or improvement of functional vision was achieved in 79.6% of the eyes in dogs with unilateral extraction and 85.7% of the eyes in dogs with bilateral extractions at weeks 4 to 6. Complications occurring 6 weeks to 9 months after lens extraction lessened the surgical success rate in both groups. Twenty‐six percent of the dogs in which bilateral lens removal was performed suffered complications resulting in surgical failure in one eye. When using the criterion that one or both treated eyes had functional vision, a short‐term success rate of 98.7% was found for bilateral extractions.}, number={3}, journal={VETERINARY SURGERY}, author={DAVIDSON, MG and NASISSE, MP and RUSNAK, IM and CORBETT, WT and ENGLISH, RV}, year={1990}, pages={232–236} }