@article{gaghan_browning_cortes_gimeno_kulkarni_2023, title={Effect of CpG-Oligonucleotide in Enhancing Recombinant Herpes Virus of Turkey-Laryngotracheitis Vaccine-Induced Immune Responses in One-Day-Old Broiler Chickens}, volume={11}, ISSN={["2076-393X"]}, url={https://doi.org/10.3390/vaccines11020294}, DOI={10.3390/vaccines11020294}, abstractNote={Infectious laryngotracheitis (ILT) is an economically important disease of chickens. While the recombinant vaccines can reduce clinical disease severity, the associated drawbacks are poor immunogenicity and delayed onset of immunity. Here, we used CpG-oligonucleotides (ODN) as an in ovo adjuvant in boosting recombinant herpesvirus of turkey-laryngotracheitis (rHVT-LT) vaccine-induced responses in one-day-old broiler chickens. Two CpG-ODN doses (5 and 10 μg/egg) with no adverse effect on the vaccine-virus replication or chick hatchability were selected for immune-response evaluation. Results showed that while CpG-ODN adjuvantation induced an increased transcription of splenic IFNγ and IL-1β, and lung IFNγ genes, the IL-1β gene expression in the lung was significantly downregulated compared to the control. Additionally, the transcription of toll-like receptor (TLR)21 in the spleen and lung and inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) in the spleen of all vaccinated groups was significantly reduced. Furthermore, splenic cellular immunophenotyping showed that the CpG-ODN-10μg adjuvanted vaccination induced a significantly higher number of macrophages, TCRγδ+, and CD4+ T cells as well as a higher frequency of activated T cells (CD4+CD44+) when compared to the control. Collectively, the findings suggested that CpG-ODN can boost rHVT-LT-induced immune responses in day-old chicks, which may help in anti-ILT defense during their later stages of life.}, number={2}, journal={VACCINES}, author={Gaghan, Carissa and Browning, Matthew and Cortes, Aneg L. and Gimeno, Isabel M. and Kulkarni, Raveendra R.}, year={2023}, month={Feb} }
 @article{gaghan_browning_fares_abdul-careem_gimeno_kulkarni_2023, title={In Ovo Vaccination with Recombinant Herpes Virus of the Turkey-Laryngotracheitis Vaccine Adjuvanted with CpG-Oligonucleotide Provides Protection against a Viral Challenge in Broiler Chickens}, volume={15}, ISSN={["1999-4915"]}, url={https://doi.org/10.3390/v15102103}, DOI={10.3390/v15102103}, abstractNote={Infectious laryngotracheitis (ILT) is an economically important disease in chickens. We previously showed that an in ovo adjuvantation of recombinant herpesvirus of the turkey-Laryngotracheitis (rHVT-LT) vaccine with CpG-oligonucleotides (ODN) can boost vaccine-induced responses in one-day-old broiler chickens. Here, we evaluated the protective efficacy of in ovo administered rHVT-LT + CpG-ODN vaccination against a wild-type ILT virus (ILTV) challenge at 28 days of age and assessed splenic immune gene expression as well as cellular responses. A chicken-embryo-origin (CEO)-ILT vaccine administered in water at 14 days of age was also used as a comparative control for the protection assessment. The results showed that the rHVT-LT + CpG-ODN or the CEO vaccinations provided significant protection against the ILTV challenge and that the level of protection induced by both the vaccines was statistically similar. The protected birds had a significantly upregulated expression of interferon (IFN)γ or interleukin (IL)-12 cytokine genes. Furthermore, the chickens vaccinated with the rHVT-LT + CpG-ODN or CEO vaccine had a significantly higher frequency of γδ T cells and activated CD4+ or CD8+ T cells, compared to the unvaccinated-ILTV challenge control. Collectively, our findings suggest that CpG-ODN can be used as an effective adjuvant for rHVT-LT in ovo vaccination to induce protective immunity against ILT in broiler chickens.}, number={10}, journal={VIRUSES-BASEL}, author={Gaghan, Carissa and Browning, Matthew and Fares, Abdelhamid M. and Abdul-Careem, Mohamed Faizal and Gimeno, Isabel M. and Kulkarni, Raveendra R.}, year={2023}, month={Oct} }
 @article{pecoraro_leal_frias-de-diego_browning_odle_crisci_2022, title={The health benefits of selenium in food animals: a review}, volume={13}, ISSN={2049-1891}, url={http://dx.doi.org/10.1186/s40104-022-00706-2}, DOI={10.1186/s40104-022-00706-2}, abstractNote={Abstract}, number={1}, journal={Journal of Animal Science and Biotechnology}, publisher={Springer Science and Business Media LLC}, author={Pecoraro, B.M. and Leal, D.F. and Frias-De-Diego, A. and Browning, M. and Odle, J. and Crisci, E.}, year={2022}, pages={58} }