@article{rogers_poore_shaeffer_weaver_siciliano_harmon_2024, title={Amazing Grazing webinar and workshop series improves producers understanding of pasture ecology}, volume={102}, ISSN={["1525-3163"]}, DOI={10.1093/jas/skae019.010}, abstractNote={Abstract}, journal={JOURNAL OF ANIMAL SCIENCE}, author={Rogers, Johnny R. and Poore, Matt H. and Shaeffer, April D. and Weaver, Andrew R. and Siciliano, Paul and Harmon, Deidre D.}, year={2024}, month={Mar}, pages={7–8} }
 @article{poore_shaeffer_rogers_weaver_siciliano_harmon_2024, title={Pastureland Ecology 1 provides hands-on training in grazing management for USDA-NRCS professionals}, volume={102}, ISSN={["1525-3163"]}, DOI={10.1093/jas/skae019.007}, abstractNote={Abstract}, journal={JOURNAL OF ANIMAL SCIENCE}, author={Poore, Matt H. and Shaeffer, April D. and Rogers, Johnny R. and Weaver, Andrew R. and Siciliano, Paul and Harmon, Deidre}, year={2024}, month={Mar}, pages={5–5} }
 @article{mullenix_gadberry_rhinehart_dillard_tucker_stewart_vendramini_poole_sanchez_mercadante_et al._2023, title={Awardee Talk: Foraging for Collaboration: Beef-Forage System Strengths Unite Research and Extension Efforts in the Asas Southern Section}, volume={101}, ISSN={["1525-3163"]}, DOI={10.1093/jas/skad281.187}, abstractNote={Abstract}, journal={JOURNAL OF ANIMAL SCIENCE}, author={Mullenix, Kimberly and Gadberry, Shane and Rhinehart, Justin D. and Dillard, S. Leanne and Tucker, Jennifer J. J. and Stewart, Robert Lawton and Vendramini, Joao and Poole, Daniel H. and Sanchez, Nicole C. Burdick and Mercadante, Vitor R. G. and et al.}, year={2023}, month={Nov}, pages={152–153} }
 @article{poore_2023, title={Challenges in the Pasture}, volume={101}, ISSN={["1525-3163"]}, DOI={10.1093/jas/skad068.116}, abstractNote={Abstract}, journal={JOURNAL OF ANIMAL SCIENCE}, author={Poore, Matthew H.}, year={2023}, month={May} }
 @article{newsome_poore_harmon_shaeffer_talbott_fellner_griffith_2023, title={The Effects of Varying Levels of Cotton Gin Byproduct and Wet brewers' Grains on Growth Performance of Growing and Finishing Steers}, volume={101}, ISSN={["1525-3163"]}, DOI={10.1093/jas/skad281.345}, abstractNote={Abstract}, journal={JOURNAL OF ANIMAL SCIENCE}, author={Newsome, Madeline and Poore, Matt H. and Harmon, Deidre D. and Shaeffer, April D. and Talbott, Charlotte L. and Fellner, Vivek and Griffith, Emily H.}, year={2023}, month={Nov}, pages={289–290} }
 @article{franzluebbers_shoemaker_cline_lipscomb_stafford_farmaha_waring_lowder_thomason_poore_2022, title={Adjusting the N fertilizer factor based on soil health as indicated by soil-test biological activity}, volume={7}, ISSN={["2471-9625"]}, DOI={10.1002/ael2.20091}, abstractNote={Abstract}, number={2}, journal={AGRICULTURAL & ENVIRONMENTAL LETTERS}, author={Franzluebbers, Alan J. and Shoemaker, Robert and Cline, Jeff and Lipscomb, Bruce and Stafford, Carl and Farmaha, Bhupinder S. and Waring, Robert and Lowder, Nathan and Thomason, Wade E. and Poore, Matt H.}, year={2022} }
 @article{palmer_vedovatto_oliveira_ranches_vendramini_poore_martins_binelli_arthington_moriel_2022, title={Effects of maternal winter vs. year-round supplementation of protein and energy on postnatal growth, immune function, and carcass characteristics of Bos indicus-influenced beef offspring}, volume={100}, ISSN={["1525-3163"]}, DOI={10.1093/jas/skac003}, abstractNote={Abstract}, number={3}, journal={JOURNAL OF ANIMAL SCIENCE}, author={Palmer, Elizabeth A. and Vedovatto, Marcelo and Oliveira, Rhaiza A. and Ranches, Juliana and Vendramini, Joao M. B. and Poore, Matthew H. and Martins, Thiago and Binelli, Mario and Arthington, John D. and Moriel, Philipe}, year={2022}, month={Mar} }
 @misc{poore_2022, title={Invited Review: Use of byproduct feeds in southeastern US beef production systems}, volume={38}, ISSN={["2590-2865"]}, DOI={10.15232/aas.2022-02307}, abstractNote={Byproduct feeds are important in beef cattle feeding systems in the southeastern United States. This article discusses the evolution of a feed from a waste material to a coproduct, presents a current understanding of several important byproducts, and details sweetpotatoes and associated byproducts as an example of a potential feed source that needs continued development. Applied research and outreach results are presented to support the use of byproducts currently in widespread use in the region. Practical advice is offered to readers based on 32 yr of experience working with farmers on byproduct-based diets for stocker cattle and brood cows. There are several well-established byproduct feeds, including soybean hulls, corn gluten feed, distillers grains, and wheat middlings, that have been the subject of a great deal of research and development. Many other potential feed sources remain as waste materials or waste products awaiting more research and development to help them evolve into well-accepted feeds. Nutritionists need to understand the characteristics and limitations of byproducts available in their area. Working with producers to set up effective feeding programs that allow them to make quick decisions on ingredient purchasing and adapting to disruption in supply will be critical. Although many feeds appear valuable “on paper” using the Petersen method, factors that influence their usefulness, including the presence of contaminants or antinutritional factors, high moisture content, and imbalance of key minerals, must be considered in the development of an effective feeding program.}, number={5}, journal={APPLIED ANIMAL SCIENCE}, author={Poore, Matthew H.}, year={2022}, month={Oct}, pages={441–446} }
 @article{franzluebbers_poore_2022, title={Soil fertility characteristics in North Carolina pastures as affected by spatial separation and renovation with annual forages}, ISSN={["1435-0645"]}, DOI={10.1002/agj2.21218}, abstractNote={Abstract}, journal={AGRONOMY JOURNAL}, author={Franzluebbers, Alan. J. and Poore, Matt H.}, year={2022}, month={Dec} }
 @article{palmer_vedovatto_oliveira_ranches_vendramini_poore_martins_binelli_arthington_moriel_2022, title={Timing of maternal supplementation of dried distillers grains during late gestation influences postnatal growth, immunocompetence, and carcass characteristics of Bos indicus-influenced beef calves}, volume={100}, ISSN={["1525-3163"]}, DOI={10.1093/jas/skac022}, abstractNote={Abstract}, number={2}, journal={JOURNAL OF ANIMAL SCIENCE}, author={Palmer, Elizabeth A. and Vedovatto, Marcelo and Oliveira, Rhaiza A. and Ranches, Juliana and Vendramini, Joao M. B. and Poore, Matthew H. and Martins, Thiago and Binelli, Mario and Arthington, John D. and Moriel, Philipe}, year={2022}, month={Feb} }
 @article{freeman_poore_pickworth_alley_2021, title={Influence of weaning strategy on behavior, humoral indicators of stress, growth, and carcass characteristics}, volume={5}, ISSN={["2573-2102"]}, DOI={10.1093/tas/txaa231}, abstractNote={Abstract}, number={1}, journal={Translational Animal Science}, author={Freeman, S. and Poore, M. and Pickworth, C. and Alley, M.}, year={2021}, month={Jan}, pages={txaa231} }
 @article{franzluebbers_poore_2021, title={Nutritive value of fall-stockpiled tall fescue pastures on southeastern US farms}, volume={113}, ISSN={["1435-0645"]}, DOI={10.1002/agj2.20517}, abstractNote={Abstract}, number={1}, journal={AGRONOMY JOURNAL}, author={Franzluebbers, Alan J. and Poore, Matt H.}, year={2021}, month={Jan}, pages={610–622} }
 @article{franzluebbers_poore_freeman_rogers_2021, title={Soil nutrient distribution on cattle farms in three physiographic regions of North Carolina}, volume={113}, ISSN={["1435-0645"]}, DOI={10.1002/agj2.20508}, abstractNote={Abstract}, number={1}, journal={AGRONOMY JOURNAL}, author={Franzluebbers, Alan J. and Poore, Matt H. and Freeman, Sharon R. and Rogers, Johnny R.}, year={2021}, month={Jan}, pages={590–609} }
 @article{alexander_pickworth_moore_poore_2020, title={102 Impact of weaning strategy on beef cow-calf behavior and activity}, volume={98}, ISSN={0021-8812 1525-3163}, url={http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/jas/skz397.141}, DOI={10.1093/jas/skz397.141}, abstractNote={Abstract}, number={Supplement_2}, journal={Journal of Animal Science}, publisher={Oxford University Press (OUP)}, author={Alexander, Molly and Pickworth, Carrie L and Moore, Mikayla and Poore, Matt H}, year={2020}, month={Nov}, pages={62–62} }
 @article{brown_haimon_poole_poore_poole_2020, title={Changes in Cytokine Profiles in Response to Ergovaline Exposure in Slick vs. Normal Hair Coat in Beef Heifers.}, volume={98}, ISSN={["1525-3163"]}, DOI={10.1093/jas/skz397.091}, abstractNote={Abstract}, journal={JOURNAL OF ANIMAL SCIENCE}, author={Brown, Alecia R. and Haimon, McKenzie L. and Poole, Rebecca and Poore, Matt H. and Poole, Daniel H.}, year={2020}, month={Nov}, pages={40–40} }
 @article{poole_mayberry_newsome_poole_galliou_khanal_poore_serao_2020, title={Evaluation of Resistance to Fescue Toxicosis in Purebred Angus Cattle Utilizing Animal Performance and Cytokine Response}, volume={12}, ISSN={["2072-6651"]}, DOI={10.3390/toxins12120796}, abstractNote={Fescue toxicosis is a multifaceted syndrome common in cattle grazing endophyte-infected tall fescue; however, varying symptomatic responses potentially imply genetic tolerance to the syndrome. It was hypothesized that a subpopulation of animals within a herd would develop tolerance to ergot alkaloid toxicity. Therefore, the goals of this study were to develop selection criteria to identify tolerant and susceptible animals within a herd based on animal performance, and then examine responsive phenotypic and cytokine profiles to fescue toxicosis. Angus cows grazed endophyte-infected tall fescue at two locations for 13 weeks starting in mid-April 2016. Forage measurements were collected to evaluate ergot alkaloid exposure during the study. A post hoc analysis of animal performance was utilized to designate cattle into either tolerant or susceptible groups, and weekly physiological measurements and blood samples were collected to evaluate responses to chronic exposure to endophyte-infected tall fescue. Findings from this study support the proposed fescue toxicosis selection method formulated herein, could accurately distinguish between tolerant and susceptible animals based on the performance parameters in cattle chronically exposed to ergot alkaloids, and provides evidence to warrant additional analysis to examine the impact of ergot alkaloids on immune responsiveness in cattle experiencing fescue toxicosis.}, number={12}, journal={TOXINS}, author={Poole, Daniel H. and Mayberry, Kyle J. and Newsome, McKayla and Poole, Rebecca K. and Galliou, Justine M. and Khanal, Piush and Poore, Matthew H. and Serao, Nick V. L.}, year={2020}, month={Dec} }
 @article{galliou_khanal_mayberry_poore_poole_serao_2020, title={Evaluation of a commercial genetic test for fescue toxicosis in pregnant Angus beef cattle}, volume={4}, ISSN={["2573-2102"]}, DOI={10.1093/tas/txaa181}, abstractNote={Abstract}, number={4}, journal={TRANSLATIONAL ANIMAL SCIENCE}, author={Galliou, Justine M. and Khanal, Piush and Mayberry, Kyle and Poore, Matt H. and Poole, Daniel H. and Serao, Nick V. L.}, year={2020}, month={Oct} }
 @article{moore_cox-o'neill_poore_pickworth_2020, title={Impact of weaning strategy on beef cow and calf weight and body condition}, volume={98}, ISSN={["1525-3163"]}, DOI={10.1093/jas/skz397.192}, abstractNote={Abstract}, journal={JOURNAL OF ANIMAL SCIENCE}, author={Moore, Mikayla and Cox-O'Neill, Jordan and Poore, Matt H. and Pickworth, Carrie L.}, year={2020}, month={Nov}, pages={81–82} }
 @article{moore_cox-o'neill_poore_pickworth_2020, title={Impact of weaning strategy on beef cow and calf weight and body condition.}, volume={98}, ISSN={["1525-3163"]}, DOI={10.1093/jas/skz397.119}, abstractNote={Abstract}, journal={JOURNAL OF ANIMAL SCIENCE}, author={Moore, Mikayla and Cox-O'Neill, Jordan and Poore, Matt H. and Pickworth, Carrie L.}, year={2020}, month={Nov}, pages={52–52} }
 @article{haimon_brown_poore_poole_2020, title={In Utero Exposure of Ergot Alkaloids does not Impact Heifer Growth and Reproductive Performance.}, volume={98}, ISSN={["1525-3163"]}, DOI={10.1093/jas/skz397.101}, abstractNote={Abstract}, journal={JOURNAL OF ANIMAL SCIENCE}, author={Haimon, McKenzie L. and Brown, Alecia R. and Poore, Matt H. and Poole, Daniel H.}, year={2020}, month={Nov}, pages={44–44} }
 @article{poore_scaglia_andrae_harmon_rogers_blacklin_2020, title={Pasture-finished beef production in the south}, ISBN={["978-0-12-814474-9"]}, DOI={10.1016/B978-0-12-814474-9.00010-4}, abstractNote={There has been increased interest in pasture-based systems for finishing beef cattle in the Southern United States. These systems include grass-fed, pasture-finished, and many other variations. The local food movement has provided farmers with new outlets through farmers’ markets, restaurants, and independent grocery stores, and various business models are being explored to deliver consistent and high-quality products to consumers. Farmers need to define and document their production system to support any production claims they make on their beef packaging labels or marketing materials. Farmers developing these systems must overcome many challenges with economy of scale, unsteady forage supply and nutritive value, lack of processing infrastructure, and consumer misconceptions about animal welfare, human health benefits, and environmental impacts. There are compositional differences between conventional feedlot beef and pasture-raised beef, including differences in total fat, fatty acid composition, and vitamin levels. However, because beef is only a small part of the overall diet, these differences have limited implications for human health. Forage system research has identified some of the weaknesses of Southern pasture–based beef finishing systems, but inflexibility in study design makes it difficult to mimic the systems used by producers. Most producers are targeting a significant level of marbling in meat, so that they either supplement concentrates on forage-based diets, use high-quality forages, and/or keep animals to older ages than may be typical for conventional feedlot beef. Regardless of the production system, providing animals with high-quality grazed or harvested forages as much of the year as possible will improve meat quality and improve the sustainability of these systems.}, journal={MANAGEMENT STRATEGIES FOR SUSTAINABLE CATTLE PRODUCTION IN SOUTHERN PASTURES}, author={Poore, Matt and Scaglia, Guillermo and Andrae, John and Harmon, Deidre and Rogers, Johnny and Blacklin, Sarah}, year={2020}, pages={265–299} }
 @article{eisemann_ashwell_devine_poole_poore_linder_2020, title={Physiological response, function of sweat glands, and hair follicle cycling in cattle in response to fescue toxicosis and hair genotype}, volume={98}, ISSN={0021-8812 1525-3163}, url={http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/jas/skaa013}, DOI={10.1093/jas/skaa013}, abstractNote={Abstract}, number={3}, journal={Journal of Animal Science}, publisher={Oxford University Press (OUP)}, author={Eisemann, J.H. and Ashwell, M.S. and Devine, T.L. and Poole, D.H. and Poore, M.H. and Linder, K.}, year={2020}, month={Mar} }
 @article{franzluebbers_poore_2020, title={Soil-test biological activity with the flush of CO2: VII. Validating nitrogen needs for fall-stockpiled forage}, volume={112}, ISSN={["1435-0645"]}, DOI={10.1002/agj2.20153}, abstractNote={Abstract}, number={3}, journal={AGRONOMY JOURNAL}, author={Franzluebbers, Alan J. and Poore, Matt H.}, year={2020}, pages={2240–2255} }
 @article{phipps_harmon_poore_henderson_bryant_ashburn_shaeffer_rogers_2020, title={Utilizing craft brewing side streams of trub, hops, and yeast mix (THYM) as a novel feed additive and an alternative to monensin in beef cattle diets.}, volume={98}, ISSN={["1525-3163"]}, DOI={10.1093/jas/skz397.115}, abstractNote={Journal Article RETRACTED: 186 Utilizing craft brewing side streams of trub, hops, and yeast mix (THYM) as a novel feed additive and an alternative to monensin in beef cattle diets Get access Kendra P Phipps, Kendra P Phipps North Carolina State University Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar Deidre D Harmon, Deidre D Harmon North Carolina State University Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar Matt H Poore, Matt H Poore Department of Animal Science - North Carolina State University Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar Ethan Henderson, Ethan Henderson North Carolina Cooperative Extension Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar Robert Bryant, Robert Bryant Warren Wilson College Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar Brock Ashburn, Brock Ashburn Highland Brewing Company Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar April Shaeffer, April Shaeffer North Carolina State University Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar Johnny R Rogers Johnny R Rogers North Carolina State University Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar Journal of Animal Science, Volume 98, Issue Supplement_2, November 2020, Page 50, https://doi.org/10.1093/jas/skz397.115 Published: 28 November 2020}, journal={JOURNAL OF ANIMAL SCIENCE}, author={Phipps, Kendra P. and Harmon, Deidre D. and Poore, Matt H. and Henderson, Ethan and Bryant, Robert and Ashburn, Brock and Shaeffer, April and Rogers, Johnny R.}, year={2020}, month={Nov}, pages={50–50} }
 @article{phipps_harmon_poore_henderson_bryant_ashburn_shaeffer_rogers_2020, title={Utilizing craft brewing side streams of trub, hops, and yeast mix (THYM) as a novel feed additive and an alternative to monensin in beef cattle diets.}, volume={98}, ISBN={1525-3163}, DOI={10.1093/jas/skz397.021}, abstractNote={Abstract}, journal={JOURNAL OF ANIMAL SCIENCE}, author={Phipps, Kendra P. and Harmon, Deidre D. and Poore, Matt H. and Henderson, Ethan and Bryant, Robert and Ashburn, Brock and Shaeffer, April and Rogers, Johnny R.}, year={2020}, month={Nov}, pages={9–10} }
 @article{carvalho_sanglard_nascimento_moriel_sommer_merrill_poore_duarte_serao_2020, title={miRNAs explain the variation in muscle and blood transcriptomes of beef calves born from dams with or without energy restriction during late gestation}, volume={98}, ISSN={["1525-3163"]}, DOI={10.1093/jas/skaa054.292}, abstractNote={Abstract}, journal={JOURNAL OF ANIMAL SCIENCE}, author={Carvalho, Elisa B. and Sanglard, Leticia P. and Nascimento, Moyses and Moriel, Philipe and Sommer, Jeffrey and Merrill, Melissa and Poore, Matthew and Duarte, Marcio and Serao, Nick}, year={2020}, month={Nov}, pages={165–165} }
 @article{ott_freeman_poore_pickworth_2019, title={11 Impact of weaning strategy on calf performance, behavior, and activity}, volume={97}, ISSN={0021-8812 1525-3163}, url={http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/jas/skz053.027}, DOI={10.1093/jas/skz053.027}, abstractNote={Abstract}, number={Supplement_1}, journal={Journal of Animal Science}, publisher={Oxford University Press (OUP)}, author={Ott, Grace C and Freeman, Sharon R and Poore, Matthew H and Pickworth, Carrie L}, year={2019}, month={Jul}, pages={12–13} }
 @article{brown_poole_jackson_poore_pickworth_poole_2019, title={111 Changes in proinflammatory cytokines and chemokines in beef steers chronically exposed to endophyte-infected tall fescue seed}, volume={97}, ISSN={0021-8812 1525-3163}, url={http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/jas/skz053.095}, DOI={10.1093/jas/skz053.095}, abstractNote={Abstract}, number={Supplement_1}, journal={Journal of Animal Science}, publisher={Oxford University Press (OUP)}, author={Brown, Alecia R and Poole, Rebecca K and Jackson, McKenzie Lane and Poore, Matthew H and Pickworth, Carrie L and Poole, Daniel H}, year={2019}, month={Jul}, pages={42–43} }
 @article{davis_poole_poore_poole_pickworth_2019, title={47 Interaction of dietary protein and endophyte- infected Tall Fescue seed in stocker steers on finishing phase performance and carcass traits}, volume={97}, ISSN={0021-8812 1525-3163}, url={http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/jas/skz053.189}, DOI={10.1093/jas/skz053.189}, abstractNote={Abstract}, number={Supplement_1}, journal={Journal of Animal Science}, publisher={Oxford University Press (OUP)}, author={Davis, Matthew E and Poole, Rebecca K and Poore, Matthew H and Poole, Daniel H and Pickworth, Carrie L}, year={2019}, month={Jul}, pages={83–83} }
 @article{worthington_ott_poore_pickworth_2019, title={57 Impact of weaning strategy on beef cow performance}, volume={97}, ISSN={0021-8812 1525-3163}, url={http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/jas/skz053.000}, DOI={10.1093/jas/skz053.000}, abstractNote={Abstract}, number={Supplement_1}, journal={Journal of Animal Science}, publisher={Oxford University Press (OUP)}, author={Worthington, Mary Clarke and Ott, Grace C and Poore, Matthew H and Pickworth, Carrie L}, year={2019}, month={Jul}, pages={1–1} }
 @article{poole_womble_poore_poole_pickworth_2019, title={Effects of endophyte-infected tall fescue seed and protein supplementation on stocker steers: I. Growth performance and hemodynamic responses}, volume={97}, ISSN={0021-8812 1525-3163}, url={http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/jas/skz249}, DOI={10.1093/jas/skz249}, abstractNote={Abstract}, number={9}, journal={Journal of Animal Science}, publisher={Oxford University Press (OUP)}, author={Poole, Rebecca K and Womble, Carrisa M and Poore, Matthew H and Poole, Daniel H and Pickworth, Carrie L}, year={2019}, month={Jul}, pages={3776–3785} }
 @article{poole_brown_poore_pickworth_poole_2019, title={Effects of endophyte-infected tall fescue seed and protein supplementation on stocker steers: II. Adaptive and innate immune function}, volume={97}, ISSN={0021-8812 1525-3163}, url={http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/jas/skz250}, DOI={10.1093/jas/skz250}, abstractNote={Abstract}, number={10}, journal={Journal of Animal Science}, publisher={Oxford University Press (OUP)}, author={Poole, Rebecca K and Brown, Alecia R and Poore, Matthew H and Pickworth, Carrie L and Poole, Daniel H}, year={2019}, month={Jul}, pages={4160–4170} }
 @article{poore_rogers_franzluebbers_2019, title={Enhancing production efficiency on southern beef farms with an interactive extension approach using forage management.}, volume={97}, ISSN={["1525-3163"]}, DOI={10.1093/jas/skz053.158}, abstractNote={Abstract}, journal={JOURNAL OF ANIMAL SCIENCE}, author={Poore, Matthew H. and Rogers, Johnny R. and Franzluebbers, Alan J.}, year={2019}, month={Jul}, pages={70–70} }
 @article{freeman_poore_shaeffer_2019, title={Enhancing the adoption of stockpiling tall fescue and managed grazing}, volume={3}, ISSN={["2573-2102"]}, DOI={10.1093/tas/txz086}, abstractNote={Abstract}, number={4}, journal={TRANSLATIONAL ANIMAL SCIENCE}, author={Freeman, Sharon and Poore, Matthew and Shaeffer, April}, year={2019}, month={Jul}, pages={1099–1105} }
 @article{mayberry_poole_newsome_khanal_poore_serao_poole_2019, title={Evaluation of cytokine response as an indicator of genetic resistance to fescue toxicosis in purebred Angus cattle.}, volume={97}, ISSN={["1525-3163"]}, DOI={10.1093/jas/skz053.102}, abstractNote={Abstract}, journal={JOURNAL OF ANIMAL SCIENCE}, author={Mayberry, Kyle and Poole, Rebecca K. and Newsome, McKayla A. and Khanal, Piush and Poore, Matthew H. and Serao, Nick V. L. and Poole, Daniel H.}, year={2019}, month={Jul}, pages={45–46} }
 @article{khanal_sanglard_mayberry_sommer_poore_poole_serao_2019, title={Genes and functions associated with tolerance to fescue toxicosis in Angus cows}, volume={97}, ISSN={["1525-3163"]}, DOI={10.1093/jas/skz122.295}, abstractNote={Abstract}, journal={JOURNAL OF ANIMAL SCIENCE}, author={Khanal, Piush and Sanglard, Leticia Pereira and Mayberry, Kyle and Sommer, Jeffrey and Poore, Matthew H. and Poole, Daniel H. and Serao, Nick V. L.}, year={2019}, month={Jul}, pages={167–167} }
 @article{poole_devine_mayberry_eisemann_poore_long_poole_2019, title={Impact of slick hair trait on physiological and reproductive performance in beef heifers consuming ergot alkaloids from endophyte-infected tall fescue}, volume={97}, ISSN={["1525-3163"]}, DOI={10.1093/jas/skz024}, abstractNote={Fescue toxicosis is a multifaceted syndrome common in cattle grazing endophyte-infected tall fescue. The objective of this study was to evaluate the impact of the slick hair trait on physiological and reproductive parameters in heifers experiencing fescue toxicosis. Angus × Senepol heifers (n = 31) were blocked by weight (393.5 ± 17.3 kg) and phenotype relative to hair coat at birth, and randomly fed novel endophyte fescue (EN) or endophyte-infected fescue (EI) haylage in a total mixed ration for 91 d. Weekly measurements were collected to monitor heifer growth and response during ergot alkaloids exposure. Following 28 d of treatment, estrus was synchronized and heifers were inseminated. Ovary mapping and AI pregnancy rate were examined via transrectal ultrasonography. Blood samples were taken for genotyping: slick (S) or wildtype (W). Data were analyzed using repeated measures in PROC MIXED of SAS including fescue treatment (EN vs. EI), genotype (S vs. W), and sample collection time as main effects. Body condition scores were decreased for W heifers compared with S heifers (5.48 vs. 5.66, respectively; P < 0.0001). Surface temperature was greater for EI-W heifers (37.2 °C) compared with other groups (36.4, 36.6, 36.7 °C for EN-S, EN-W, EI-S, respectively; P < 0.05). Serum PRL concentrations were reduced for EI heifers compared with EN heifers (133.5 vs. 163.1 ng/mL, respectively; P < 0.05). The average number of 2 to 4 mm follicles were greater in EI-W heifers (13.8 follicles) compared with other groups (12.2, 10.6, and 11.1 for EN-S, EN-W, and EI-S, respectively; P < 0.0001). However, the average number of preovulatory follicles (≥9 mm) were reduced in EI-W heifers (0.52 follicles) compared with other heifer groups (0.94, 0.88, and 0.85 ± 0.04 for EN-S, EN-W, and EI-S, respectively; P < 0.05). Ovulatory follicle size was smaller in EI-W heifers compared with EN-W heifers (9.14 vs. 11.57 mm, respectively; P = 0.05). Corpus luteum area was reduced in EI-W heifers (235.1 mm2) compared with other heifer groups (297.2, 272.7, and 276.8 mm2 for EN-S, EN-W, and EI-S, respectively; P < 0.05). Concentrations of P4 were greater for EN heifers compared with EI heifers (2.7 vs. 1.8 ng/mL, respectively; P < 0.05). Pregnancy was not established in EI-W heifers (0%) compared with other heifer groups (37.5%, 57.1%, and 62.5% for EN-S, EN-W, and EI-S, respectively; P < 0.05). Overall, the slick hair mutation appears to aid in offsetting the physiological symptoms associated with fescue toxicosis and helps to improve reproductive performance.}, number={4}, journal={JOURNAL OF ANIMAL SCIENCE}, author={Poole, Rebecca K. and Devine, Thomas L. and Mayberry, Kyle J. and Eisemann, Joan H. and Poore, Matt H. and Long, Nathan M. and Poole, Daniel H.}, year={2019}, month={Apr}, pages={1456–1467} }
 @article{worthington_ott_poore_pickworth_2019, title={Impact of weaning strategy on beef cow performance.}, volume={97}, ISSN={["1525-3163"]}, DOI={10.1093/jas/skz053.190}, abstractNote={Abstract}, journal={JOURNAL OF ANIMAL SCIENCE}, author={Worthington, Mary Clarke and Ott, Grace C. and Poore, Matthew H. and Pickworth, Carrie L.}, year={2019}, month={Jul}, pages={83–83} }
 @article{ott_freeman_poore_pickworth_2019, title={Impact of weaning strategy on calf performance, behavior, and activity.}, volume={97}, ISSN={["1525-3163"]}, DOI={10.1093/jas/skz053.152}, abstractNote={Abstract}, journal={JOURNAL OF ANIMAL SCIENCE}, author={Ott, Grace C. and Freeman, Sharon R. and Poore, Matthew H. and Pickworth, Carrie L.}, year={2019}, month={Jul}, pages={67–68} }
 @article{davis_poole_poore_poole_pickworth_2019, title={Interaction of dietary protein and endophyte-infected Tall Fescue seed in stocker steers on finishing phase performance and carcass traits.}, volume={97}, ISBN={1525-3163}, DOI={10.1093/jas/skz053.086}, abstractNote={Abstract}, journal={JOURNAL OF ANIMAL SCIENCE}, author={Davis, Matthew E. and Poole, Rebecca K. and Poore, Matthew H. and Poole, Daniel H. and Pickworth, Carrie L.}, year={2019}, month={Jul}, pages={38–38} }
 @article{jackson_newsome_brown_poole_dudley_poore_poole_2019, title={Long term impact of ergot alkaloids on fetal heifer development and subsequent growth and reproductive performance.}, volume={97}, ISSN={["1525-3163"]}, DOI={10.1093/jas/skz053.103}, abstractNote={Abstract}, journal={JOURNAL OF ANIMAL SCIENCE}, author={Jackson, McKenzie Lane and Newsome, McKayla A. and Brown, Alecia R. and Poole, Rebecca K. and Dudley, Harrison B. and Poore, Matthew H. and Poole, Daniel H.}, year={2019}, month={Jul}, pages={46–46} }
 @article{rogers_poore_ingram_harmon_2019, title={On-farm demonstrations improve producer understanding of using metsulfuron for tall fescue seedhead suppression.}, volume={97}, ISSN={["1525-3163"]}, DOI={10.1093/jas/skz053.011}, abstractNote={Abstract}, journal={JOURNAL OF ANIMAL SCIENCE}, author={Rogers, Johnny R. and Poore, Matthew H. and Ingram, Sam and Harmon, Deidre}, year={2019}, month={Jul}, pages={5–6} }
 @article{ingram_poore_poole_2019, title={Renovating toxic-infected tall fescue pastures for profitability, animal performance, and soil health.}, volume={97}, ISSN={["1525-3163"]}, DOI={10.1093/jas/skz053.084}, abstractNote={Abstract}, journal={JOURNAL OF ANIMAL SCIENCE}, author={Ingram, Sam and Poore, Matthew H. and Poole, Daniel H.}, year={2019}, month={Jul}, pages={37–38} }
 @article{ingram_poore_poole_2019, title={Renovating toxic-infected tall fescue pastures for profitability, animal performance, and soil health.}, volume={97}, ISSN={["1525-3163"]}, DOI={10.1093/jas/skz053.044}, abstractNote={Abstract}, journal={JOURNAL OF ANIMAL SCIENCE}, author={Ingram, Sam and Poore, Matthew H. and Poole, Daniel H.}, year={2019}, month={Jul}, pages={20–20} }
 @article{franzluebbers_poore_freeman_rogers_2019, title={Soil-surface nutrient distributions in grazed pastures of North Carolina}, volume={74}, ISSN={["1941-3300"]}, DOI={10.2489/jswc.74.6.571}, abstractNote={Soil nutrient distribution in perennial pastures is likely affected by livestock activities, but detailed spatial patterns on a diversity of farms have not been widely investigated. Livestock management variables, such as placement of drinking water sources, fencing, and winter hay-feeding stations, as well as pasture utilization through seasonal stocking, could affect nutrient distribution despite attempts at uniform application of fertilizers. We sampled perennial pasture portions of three research station farms in North Carolina on a 40 m grid in 2016. Twenty-two soil variables were measured, including routine soil testing of pH, cation exchange capacity, and extractable phosphorus (P), potassium (K), calcium (Ca), and magnesium (Mg), as well as nonroutine testing of sand concentration, total and particulate organic carbon (C) and nitrogen (N), and soil-test biological activity. Large statistical variations in nearly all variables occurred within a location. Severely deficient and heavily excessive levels of soil-test P and K were observed on the same farm and sometimes on the same paddock. Soil-test biological activity and total soil N also varied spatially within locations. High nutrient concentrations and soil-test biological activity were congregated in zones of several pastures, which could be related to historical winter hay-feeding and permanent drinking water locations. At the Piedmont location with recent winter hay feeding, both organic and inorganic indicators generally corresponded to the same enrichment zones. At the Coastal Plain location with abandonment of some historical feeding locations, soil-test P remained high near feeding stations, but soil-test K and total soil N became more uniformly distributed due to leaching and/or decomposition dynamics over time. We suggest that both organic and inorganic soil testing indicators should be measured to make nutrient recommendations for better resource utilization. Livestock managers are encouraged to sample pastures in expected zones of nutrient differentiation so that nutrients can be used efficiently and environmental threats can be mitigated.}, number={6}, journal={JOURNAL OF SOIL AND WATER CONSERVATION}, author={Franzluebbers, A. J. and Poore, M. H. and Freeman, S. R. and Rogers, J. R.}, year={2019}, pages={571–583} }
 @article{poore_stratton_roberts_smith_andrae_pent_shaeffer_2019, title={The Alliance for Grassland Renewal presents workshops to enhance the understanding and adoption of Novel Endophyte Tall Fescue.}, volume={97}, ISSN={["1525-3163"]}, DOI={10.1093/jas/skz053.018}, abstractNote={Abstract}, journal={JOURNAL OF ANIMAL SCIENCE}, author={Poore, Matthew H. and Stratton, Tony and Roberts, Craig A. and Smith, S. Ray. and Andrae, John G. and Pent, Gabe J. and Shaeffer, April D.}, year={2019}, month={Jul}, pages={8–9} }
 @article{ott_freeman_poore_pickworth_2018, title={27 Maternal Stress at Weaning Impacts Calf Growth.}, volume={96}, ISSN={0021-8812 1525-3163}, url={http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/jas/sky027.028}, DOI={10.1093/jas/sky027.028}, number={suppl_1}, journal={Journal of Animal Science}, publisher={Oxford University Press (OUP)}, author={Ott, G C and Freeman, S R and Poore, M H and Pickworth, C L}, year={2018}, month={Mar}, pages={14–15} }
 @article{ingram_poore_2018, title={Comparison of a Full Season and Early Maturing Forage Sorghum Silage to Corn Silage for Growing Cattle.}, volume={96}, ISSN={["1525-3163"]}, DOI={10.1093/jas/sky027.058}, abstractNote={Brachytic dwarf brown mid-rib forage sorghum varieties are an alternative to corn silage (CS) in certain production systems. Agronomic characteristics, cattle performance and carcass data were collected during this project. Full season forage sorghum (FS,110–115 days), early maturing forage sorghum (ES, 85–89 days), and a full season CS were grown and harvested in a replicated field trial in Bahama, NC. Overall mean yield (kg DM/ha) did not differ (P < 0.12; 6772 kg/ha). Silages contained 30.9, 27.5, 28.3% DM for CS, FS and ES, 68.5, 63.5, 64.7 TDN (% of DM); and 9.6, 8.2, 8.7% CP, respectively. Sixty-six Angus and Angus cross steers (initial BW 329 ± 35 kg) were penned by BW and randomly assigned to one of three treatments. Steers were individually fed ad libitum utilizing Calan gates for a 77-d growing period and a 88-day finishing period. Diets were formulated to 14% CP and were 75% CS, FS or ES and 25% concentrate (DM basis) during growing and 15% CS and 85% concentrate (DM basis) during finishing. Cattle were harvested in Pennsylvania and carcass data were collected. During the growing period, DMI and ADG for the growing period differed among treatments (P < 0.05; P < 0.01) with intake and gain being greatest (9.85 kg/d; 1.95 kg/d) for CS with no difference between FS (8.51kg/d; 1.46 kg/d) and ES (8.69 kg/d; 1.50 kg/d). During finishing, ADG was higher (P < 0.02) for FS (1.80 kg) and ES (1.86 kg) compared to CS (1.66 kg) while finishing DMI did not differ (P < 0.78; 12.10 kg). Feed:gain during the growing period differed (P < 0.01) with CS (4.83) being more efficient than FS (5.90) and ES (6.02). Feed:gain during finishing was lower (P < 0.05) for FS (6.80) and ES (6.65) compared to CS (7.27). Loin eye area did not differ (P < 0.41; 90.3 cm2), but quality grade (17 = low choice and 18 = mid choice) differed (P < 0.03) between CS (18.24) and ES (17.39), but not between CS and FS (17.83, P < 0.17). Brachytic dwarf brown mid-rib forage sorghum silages limited animal performance during the growing period but steers compensated during the finishing period.}, journal={JOURNAL OF ANIMAL SCIENCE}, author={Ingram, S. and Poore, M.}, year={2018}, month={Mar}, pages={31–31} }
 @article{freeman_lahti_poore_2018, title={Creating Partnerships with the US Military.}, volume={96}, ISSN={["1525-3163"]}, DOI={10.1093/jas/sky027.018}, abstractNote={The US Army reached out to NC Cooperative Extension Service (NCCES) for assistance in training soldiers working with indigenous farmers while performing their duties during deployments worldwide. Two, independent training opportunities were developed. Basic Animal Husbandry (BAH) training began in 2011 and has grown from an annual, one-day course to a four-day, biannual training offered to Army Medics from Fort Bragg. It has served over 75 personnel from 2 Battalions and, in one year, included Navy Corpsmen from Camp Lejeune. Training session topics are digestive and reproductive physiology; nutrition; handling common livestock species; biosecurity/zoonosis; cost effective solutions to common health problems; and global perspective on the tie between animal and human health and welfare. The Rural Engagement and Mapping Course (REMC) began in 2015 as a one week agricultural immersion course. Its focus is increasing basic agricultural knowledge through exposure to agriculture, smallholder farms, and farm culture. It provides real-world experience through engaging with farmers and developing solutions to real problems as well as fostering self-awareness and personal development. To date, 106 soldiers from 4 different battalions have completed the training. When NCCES realized there would be ongoing demand for both courses, the desire for feedback from participants to enable ongoing improvement in the courses increased. Trainers began asking soldiers to complete self-assessment evaluations to determine change in knowledge base and to suggest areas in need of change or improvement. Mean before and after scores (Table 1; n = 51 for BAH and 18 for REMC) indicate success. Continued demand for both courses also indicates the Army values the products NCCES has developed. Both trainings are made possible through partnerships. Cooperative Extension partners with local farmers for REMC, while BAH partners NCCES staff from the Animal Science Department and College of Veterinary Medicine at NC State University. The success of these programs has had global impact and is a testament to the value of partnerships. Table 1. Training results for Civil Affairs Battalions self-assessments 1Scale 0 to 4: 0 = no knowledge, 4 = complete understanding 2Scale 1 to 10: 1 = no knowledge, 10 = complete understanding 3Scale 0 to 15: pre-/post-test scores out of 15; not paired by individual Table 1. Training results for Civil Affairs Battalions self-assessments 1Scale 0 to 4: 0 = no knowledge, 4 = complete understanding 2Scale 1 to 10: 1 = no knowledge, 10 = complete understanding 3Scale 0 to 15: pre-/post-test scores out of 15; not paired by individual}, journal={JOURNAL OF ANIMAL SCIENCE}, author={Freeman, S. R. and Lahti, L. J. and Poore, M.}, year={2018}, month={Mar}, pages={9–10} }
 @article{silva_poore_ranches_santos_moriel_2018, title={Effects of gradual reduction in frequency of energy supplementation on growth and immunity of beef steers}, volume={96}, ISSN={["1525-3163"]}, DOI={10.1093/jas/skx047}, abstractNote={This study evaluated the effects of gradual reduction in frequency of energy supplementation following vaccination on growth and measurements of innate and humoral immunity of beef steers. At 14-d postweaning (d 0), Angus steers (n = 42; 200 ± 5 kg of BW; 175 ± 4 d of age) were stratified by BW and age, and randomly assigned into 1 of 14 drylot pens (three steers/pen). From d 0 to 42, steers were provided ad libitum ground tall fescue hay (57% TDN, 13% CP of DM basis) and supplemented with concentrate at 1% of BW (50:50 soybean hulls and corn gluten feed; 71% TDN, 15% CP of DM basis). Treatments were randomly assigned to pens, and consisted of similar weekly concentrate DM supplementation (1% of BW multiplied by 7 d) that was divided and offered daily from d 0 to 42 (7X; 4 pens), 3 times weekly from d 0 to 42 (3X; Monday, Wednesday, and Friday; 5 pens), or daily from d 0 to 15 and then 3 times weekly from d 16 to 42 (7-3X; 5 pens). Steers were vaccinated against infectious bovine rhinotracheitis (IBR), bovine viral diarrhea virus (BVDV), parainfluenza-3 (PI-3), Mannheimia haemolytica, and Clostridium on d 0 and 15. Individual shrunk BW was collected on d 0 and 42, following 12 h of feed and water withdrawal. Blood samples were collected via jugular venipuncture 4 h after concentrate supplementation on d 0, 1, 2, 3, 7, 15, 16, 17, 18, 22, and 42. Mean BW, ADG, G:F, hay DMI, and total DMI over the 42-d period did not differ among treatments (P ≥ 0.26). Plasma concentrations of cortisol and mean serum BVDV-1a titers also did not differ among treatments (P ≥ 0.35), but overall plasma haptoglobin concentrations were greater for 3X vs. 7-3X and 7X steers (P ≤ 0.05; 0.44, 0.37, and 0.33 ± 0.026 mg/mL, respectively). Also, 3X steers had less mean serum IBR titers (P ≤ 0.05; 0.29 vs. 0.88 and 0.79 ± 0.179 log2, respectively) and less seroconversion to PI-3 virus on d 15 than 7-3X and 7X steers (P ≤ 0.05; 36.0 vs. 76.6 and 57.8 ± 8.24%, respectively). In summary, a gradual reduction in frequency of energy supplementation during a 42-d preconditioning period did not negatively impact growth, but alleviated indices of inflammation and prevented reductions in vaccine response against BVDV-1a and PI-3 viruses compared to steers offered concentrate 3 times weekly during the entire study.}, number={1}, journal={JOURNAL OF ANIMAL SCIENCE}, author={Silva, Gleise M. and Poore, Matt H. and Ranches, Juliana and Santos, Glauber S. and Moriel, Philipe}, year={2018}, month={Jan}, pages={273–283} }
 @article{silva_poore_ranches_moriel_2018, title={Effects of timing of vaccination relative to weaning and post-weaning frequency of energy supplementation on growth and immunity of beef calves}, volume={96}, ISSN={["1525-3163"]}, DOI={10.1093/jas/skx021}, abstractNote={A 2 × 2 factorial design study evaluated the impact of pre- vs. post-weaning vaccination and different post-weaning frequency of energy supplementation (daily vs. 3X weekly) on growth and immunity of beef calves. At 14 d before weaning (d -14), 48 Angus calves (24 steers and 24 heifers; 244 ± 33 kg; 196 ± 20 d) were stratified by BW and age, and randomly assigned to receive vaccinations against bovine viral diarrhea virus 1a (BVDV-1a) and parainfluenza-3 (PI-3) on d -14 and 0 (PRE) or 7 and 21 (POS), relative to weaning. Calves were weaned on d 0 and offered daily concentrate DM supplementation (50:50 soybean hulls and corn gluten feed; 71% TDN, 15% CP of DM) at 0.5% of BW for 7 d. On d 7, calves were stratified by vaccination scheme and assigned into 1 of 16 drylot pens (3 calves of same sex/pen; 4 pens/treatment). Pens were randomly assigned to receive similar weekly concentrate DM supplementation (1% of BW multiplied by 7 d) that was divided and offered daily (7X) or three times weekly (3X; Mondays, Wednesdays, and Fridays) from d 7 to 43. From d 0 to 43, calves were provided ad libitum ground tall fescue hay (57% TDN, 13% CP of DM). Blood samples were collected from jugular vein on d 0, 1, 3, 7, and 14, relative to the respective first vaccination, and on d 43 of the study. Effects of timing of vaccination × frequency of supplementation were not detected for any variable in this study (P ≥ 0.12), except for overall ADG from d -14 to 43 (P = 0.04), which was less for PRE-3X vs. PRE-7X, POS-3X, and POS-7X calves (0.60, 0.70, 0.70, and 0.77 ± 0.04 kg/d, respectively; P ≤ 0.08). Post-weaning total DMI and G:F did not differ among treatments (P ≥ 0.11). Pre-weaning vaccination increased plasma concentrations of cortisol and haptoglobin from d 0 to 3, relative to first vaccination (P ≤ 0.03), and decreased serum PI-3 titers on d 43 compared with post-weaning vaccination (P < 0.0001). Decreasing the supplementation frequency tended (P = 0.10) to increase overall plasma cortisol concentrations and reduce overall serum BVDV-1a titers. Hence, pre-weaning vaccination associated with reduced post-weaning frequency of energy supplementation caused the greatest reduction on calf growth performance. Post-weaning vaccination and daily energy supplementation alleviated inflammation and improved humoral immunity compared with pre-weaning vaccination and reduced post-weaning frequency of energy supplementation of recently weaned beef calves.}, number={1}, journal={JOURNAL OF ANIMAL SCIENCE}, author={Silva, Gleise M. and Poore, Matthew H. and Ranches, Juliana and Moriel, Philipe}, year={2018}, month={Jan}, pages={318–330} }
 @article{poole_lyons_poole_poore_2018, title={Ergot alkaloids induce vasoconstriction of bovine uterine and ovarian blood vessels}, volume={96}, ISSN={["1525-3163"]}, DOI={10.1093/jas/sky328}, abstractNote={Fescue toxicosis is a syndrome that impairs growth and reproduction in cattle grazing endophyte-infected tall fescue [Lolium arundinaceum [(Schreb.].) Darbysh)] in the United States, resulting in approximately $1 billion in annual economic loss in species that utilize this forage resource. Approximately 90% of tall fescue contains an endophytic fungus (Epichloë coenophiala) that produces ergot alkaloids. Ergot alkaloids cause vasoconstriction and reduced blood flow to the extremities; however, it remains unknown how blood flow to the reproductive organs is affected in cattle. Therefore, the objective of this study was to determine if ergot alkaloids from endophyte-infected tall fescue reduce blood flow to the reproductive organs, thus hindering reproductive function. Angus heifers (n = 36) naïve to ergot alkaloids were placed in Calan gates and randomly assigned to receive either endophyte-infected fescue seed (E+) or noninfected fescue seed (E-; control) in a total mixed ration for 63 d. Weekly measurements were taken to monitor heifer growth and response to ergot alkaloid exposure. Reproductive measurements, including ovarian structures, uterine and ovarian vessel diameter, and hormone concentrations were determined after heifers were synchronized using the standard CO-Synch + 7 d CIDR protocol to ensure all measurements were collected at the same stages of the estrous cycle (0, 4, 10, and 17 d). Data were analyzed using repeated measures in PROC MIXED of SAS. Average daily gain was decreased for the E+ group (0.8 kg/d) compared to control heifers (1.0 kg/d). Body condition scores tended to be greater in control heifers compared to the E+ group (P = 0.053). Additionally, hair coat and hair shedding scores were greater in E+ heifers compared to controls (P < 0.05). Heart rate, rectal temperature, respiration rate, and blood pressure did not differ between treatments (P > 0.05). Vasoconstriction was observed in the caudal artery, but not the caudal vein, in heifers consuming the E+ fescue seed (P < 0.05). No differences were observed in antral follicle counts, corpus luteum area or circulating progesterone concentrations in E+ heifers compared to controls (P > 0.05). There was a significant decrease in the diameter of arteries and veins servicing the ovary and uterus on day 10 and 17 of the estrous cycle. Reduction in blood flow to the reproductive organs during critical times in the estrous cycle may contribute to the reduced ovarian function and pregnancy rates associated with fescue toxicosis.}, number={11}, journal={JOURNAL OF ANIMAL SCIENCE}, author={Poole, Daniel H. and Lyons, Sarah E. and Poole, Rebecca K. and Poore, Matt H.}, year={2018}, month={Nov}, pages={4812–4822} }
 @article{mayberry_khanal_poore_serao_poole_2018, title={Evaluation of Angus Calf Performance Based on Dams Tolerance or Susceptibility to Fescue Toxicosis.}, volume={96}, ISSN={["1525-3163"]}, DOI={10.1093/jas/sky027.103}, journal={JOURNAL OF ANIMAL SCIENCE}, author={Mayberry, K. and Khanal, P. and Poore, M. H. and Serao, N. V. L. and Poole, D. H.}, year={2018}, month={Mar}, pages={55–55} }
 @article{newsome_monn_mayberry_poole_young_poore_poole_2018, title={Grazing Novel or Endophyte-Infected Tall Fescue during Mid-Gestation Impacts Cow Performance.}, volume={96}, ISSN={["1525-3163"]}, DOI={10.1093/jas/sky027.025}, abstractNote={Consumption of endophyte-infected tall fescue results in poor reproductive performance. The objective of this study was to examine physiological changes in pregnant cows grazing tall fescue to develop a better understanding of the factors that contribute to the poor reproductive performance attributed to fescue toxicosis. Pregnant Angus and Simmental-Angus cows were blocked by age (2–3, 4–7, and >7 y), BW, and breed; and then randomly assigned to graze either novel (E-; <5% infection rate; n=27) or endophyte-infected tall fescue (E+; 79.5% infection rate; n=27). Weekly BW, BCS, hair coat scores (HCS), and hair shedding scores (HSS) were collected from mid-April through July when ergot alkaloid concentrations are greatest in the forage. Blood samples were collected to measure progesterone concentrations. Forage samples were taken every 2 wks to determine forage quality and composition. Data were analyzed using the MIXED procedure of SAS with repeated measures examined for effects of age, treatment (E- or E+) and time. Statistical significance was determined at P<0.05 and a tendency at 0.05<P<0.10. Pastures consisted of 69% and 67.5% available fescue for the novel and endophyte infected pastures, respectively. Average daily gain tended to be higher in E- cows than E+ (0.16, 0.01 kg/d, respectively; P=0.09). Cows on E- pastures had greater BCS compared to cows on E+ pastures (6.09, 5.77, respectively; P<0.05). Similarly, an age effect was observed with mature (4–7 and >7 y) cows having higher scores when compared to younger cows (6.0, 6.1, and 5.7, respectively; P<0.05). The HCS and HSS were greater in cows on E+ pastures compared to cows on E- pastures (P<0.05). The HSS were greater in the >7 y cows (2.69) compared to other age groups (2.40, 2.51, for 2–3 and 4–7 y, respectively, P<0.05) on E+ pastures, whereas no age differences in HCS were observed in cows on E- pastures. By d21 of the grazing period, cows on E- pastures displayed a greater ability to shed hair compared to cattle on E+ pastures (P<0.0001), which continued throughout the remainder of the grazing period. Progesterone concentrations in E+ cows (3.75 ng/ml) were decreased throughout the grazing period compared to E- cows (6.53 ng/mL, P<0.05). The impact of reduced progesterone concentrations, greater HCS and HSS and tendency for decreased ADG in cows grazing E+ during mid-gestation, compared to cows grazing E-, on calf development remains unknown.}, journal={JOURNAL OF ANIMAL SCIENCE}, author={Newsome, M. A. and Monn, R. E. and Mayberry, K. and Poole, R. K. and Young, Z. and Poore, M. H. and Poole, D. H.}, year={2018}, month={Mar}, pages={13–13} }
 @article{poore_shaeffer_rogers_freeman_2018, title={Hands-on Workshops Spark Producer Interest in Improving Mineral Programs for Beef Cattle.}, volume={96}, ISSN={["1525-3163"]}, DOI={10.1093/jas/sky027.007}, abstractNote={Mineral supplements are a key input for grazing beef cattle, and the wide variety of products and management approaches is confusing to producers. To address basic mineral requirements and mineral program management, four Amazing Grazing workshops were conducted across North Carolina with funding support from the NC Cattle Industry Assessment Program. Workshops were conducted in collaboration with county livestock extension agents who managed the meeting facilities and logistics, and provided tires and barrels for mineral feeder construction. A state specialist provided the educational materials and also the hardware and tools needed for mineral feeder construction. The presentations were informal and included 1) the basics of mineral requirements and typical forage mineral composition, 2) how to read and interpret a mineral tag, 3) how to determine a need for added mineral technologies such as “organic or chelated” trace minerals, ionophores, weather proofing, etc, and 4) management strategies including how to choose a good mineral feeder. As a hands-on activity producers worked together to build simple tire and barrel mineral feeders which they took home with them from the workshop. Enough supplies were on hand such that each participating farm could take a mineral feeder home if they wished. At the end of the workshop participants filled out a survey to represent each farm participating. Total workshop attendance was 86 (mean and standard deviation; 22 ± 7) and 57 (14 ± 6) surveys were collected. Workshop participants managed 2690 cows, 971 yearlings, and 4532 acres of pasture. All participants were satisfied or very satisfied with the workshop overall, and said they would recommend the workshop to other producers. A total of 49 mineral feeders were built (12 ± 3), and participants indicated they intended to go home and build an additional 81 feeders. Ninety % of the participants indicated they intended to use the information presented to improve their mineral program. Economic impact was determined by assuming that improving a mineral program would improve net income per animal by $10, and mineral feeders were valued at $150. Total economic impact was $52,499. Of all comments about what participants liked most about the workshop, “the hands-on activity” was most common. This program has been adapted for local use by a number of extension agents, and an accompanying YouTube video and set of plans for constructing these mineral feeders have been valuable outreach tools.}, journal={JOURNAL OF ANIMAL SCIENCE}, author={Poore, M. H. and Shaeffer, A. D. and Rogers, J. R. and Freeman, S. R.}, year={2018}, month={Mar}, pages={4–4} }
 @article{sanglard_nascimento_moriel_sommer_ashwell_poore_duarte_serão_2018, title={Impact of energy restriction during late gestation on the muscle and blood transcriptome of beef calves after preconditioning}, volume={19}, ISSN={1471-2164}, url={http://dx.doi.org/10.1186/s12864-018-5089-8}, DOI={10.1186/s12864-018-5089-8}, abstractNote={Maternal nutrition has been highlighted as one of the main factors affecting intra-uterine environment. The increase in nutritional requirements by beef cows during late gestation can cause nutritional deficiency in the fetus and impact the fetal regulation of genes associated with myogenesis and immune response.Forty days before the expected calving date, cows were assigned to one of two diets: 100% (control) or 70% (restricted group) of the daily energy requirement. Muscle samples were collected from 12 heifers and 12 steers, and blood samples were collected from 12 steers. The objective of this work was to identify and to assess the biological relevance of differentially expressed genes (DEG) in the skeletal muscle and blood of beef calves born from cows that experienced [or not] a 30% energy restriction during the last 40 days of gestation.A total of 160, 164, and 346 DEG (q-value< 0.05) were identified in the skeletal muscle for the effects of diet, sex, and diet-by-sex interaction, respectively. For blood, 452, 1392, and 155 DEG were identified for the effects of diet, time, and diet-by-time interaction, respectively. For skeletal muscle, results based on diet identified genes involved in muscle metabolism. In muscle, from the 10 most DEG down-regulated in the energy-restricted group (REST), we identified 5 genes associated with muscle metabolism and development: SLCO3A1, ATP6V0D1, SLC2A1, GPC4, and RASD2. In blood, among the 10 most DEG, we found genes related to response to stress up-regulated in the REST after weaning, such as SOD3 and INO80D, and to immune response down-regulated in the REST after vaccination, such as OASL, KLRF1, and LOC104968634.In conclusion, maternal energy restriction during late gestation may limit the expression of genes in the muscle and increase expression in the blood of calves. In addition, enrichment analysis showed that a short-term maternal energy restriction during pregnancy affects the expression of genes related to energy metabolism and muscle contraction, and immunity and stress response in the blood. Therefore, alterations in the intra-uterine environment can modify prenatal development with lasting consequences to adult life.}, number={1}, journal={BMC Genomics}, publisher={Springer Science and Business Media LLC}, author={Sanglard, Leticia P and Nascimento, Moysés and Moriel, Philipe and Sommer, Jeffrey and Ashwell, Melissa and Poore, Matthew H and Duarte, Márcio de S and Serão, Nick V L}, year={2018}, month={Sep} }
 @article{monn_shea_mayberry_freeman_poole_poore_2018, title={Implementing Shade and Slick Hair Phenotypes Improves Heifer Performance}, volume={96}, ISSN={["1525-3163"]}, DOI={10.1093/jas/sky027.150}, abstractNote={Studies have shown that proper regulation of body temperature is essential for optimum productivity in cattle. The objective of this pilot study was to determine if the shade provided by silvopasture or incorporation of the slick hair phenotype improves beef heifer performance. Senepol cross beef heifers (n=12) were blocked by hair coat phenotype, either slick or normal, and randomly assigned to graze shaded or non-shaded pastures from May through October. During this grazing period, BCS, hair coat scores (HCS), hair shedding scores (HSS) and fly counts were recorded every 2 wk. Additionally, heifers were weighed at the beginning and end of the grazing period to determine ADG. On d 112 of the grazing period, iButton® temperature data loggers were attached to CIDR-blanks to record vaginal body temperature every 15 min for 14 d. Data were analyzed using the MIXED procedure of SAS with repeated measures examined for effects of hair coat phenotype, pasture (shaded or non-shaded) and time on ADG, HSS, HCS, fly count, and body temperature. Statistical significance was determined at P < 0.05. HCS, but not HSS, were greater in the normal hair phenotype heifers compared to heifers with the slick phenotype. Incorporation of shade lowered HCS of normal hair coat heifers, but not heifers with the slick hair phenotype (P < 0.05). Heifers with the slick hair phenotype in non-shaded pastures had decreased HSS compared to heifers with the normal hair phenotype (P < 0.05). A greater ADG was observed in heifers with the slick phenotype compared to normal hair phenotype (0.46 and 0.36 Kg/d, respectively; P < 0.05) as well as those cattle that were permitted shade compared to those without shade (0.48 and 0.33 Kg/d, respectively; P < 0.05). Fly counts were greatest in normal haired cattle (101.5 ± 27.6) in non-shaded pastures compared to the other animal groups (62.1,64.9, and 51.2 for slick in non-shaded, normal and slick in shaded pastures, respectively; P < 0.05). Heifers grazing in non-shaded pastures displayed a greater body temperature compared to those cattle permitted access to shade (P < 0.05). The combination of greater body temperatures, fly counts, HCS and HSS during the grazing period negatively impacted the growth performance of heifers in non-shaded pastures with the normal hair phenotype compared to the other animal groups.}, journal={JOURNAL OF ANIMAL SCIENCE}, author={Monn, R. E. and Shea, T. P. and Mayberry, K. and Freeman, S. R. and Poole, D. H. and Poore, M. H.}, year={2018}, month={Mar}, pages={79–80} }
 @article{rogers_poore_shaeffer_freeman_2018, title={On-farm workshops improve producers understanding of winter forage management strategies.}, volume={96}, ISSN={["1525-3163"]}, DOI={10.1093/jas/sky027.019}, abstractNote={In 2017 a series of 4 on-farm workshops were held across North Carolina to address winter forage management strategies. Two workshops were held in the Piedmont region where tall fescue (Lolium arundinaceum) is the dominant forage. Topics included extending the grazing season, improving soil health, frost-seeding clover, improving soil nutrient distribution and introducing warm season grasses. Two additional workshops were held in the Coastal Plain region where bermudagrass (Cynodon dactylon) is the most prevalent forage. Those sessions focused on over-seeding Bermudagrass pastures with winter annuals, renovating winter feeding areas, improving soil nutrient distribution and livestock mineral supplementation. Workshops were held on farms participating in USDA-NRCS Conservation Innovation Grant #693A75-14–251 which is focused on improving soil health in pasture-based livestock farms. Total workshop registration was 153 with 120 evaluations completed. Participants were 73% male and 27% female with 51% being under the age of 50. The total number of pasture hectares grazed by participants was 3726 with 1682 ha as hay. Livestock inventories for attendees were 5289 beef cattle, 505 sheep, 359 goats and 62 horses. Post-workshop responses from the Piedmont workshops indicated that 100% of attendees had increased understanding of using stockpiling, frost seeding clover and warm season grasses in fescue systems. Ninety-seven percent of participants indicated a better understanding of how annual forages can be used to extend the grazing season and soil nutrient distribution. Similar responses were reported from the Coastal Plain workshops with 100% of attendees having increased understanding of establishing winter annuals into Bermudagrass, winter feeding area renovation and mineral supplementation. Ninety-six percent of attendees had an improved understanding of how grazing management can impact soil nutrient distribution. Participants completed an evaluation at the conclusion of each workshop (n = 120) where they indicated their satisfaction with (scale of 1 = not satisfied to 4 = very satisfied, mean ± SD): instructors’ knowledge (3.85 ± 0.35), workshop environment/format (3.85 ± 0.37), and overall quality (3.85 ± 0.35). One hundred percent of the attendees indicated that this workshop met their expectations and they would recommend it to others. Continued workshop participation indicates the demand for hands-on education in these areas and that the on-farm format is an effective teaching environment.}, journal={JOURNAL OF ANIMAL SCIENCE}, author={Rogers, J. R. and Poore, M. and Shaeffer, A. D. and Freeman, S. R.}, year={2018}, month={Mar}, pages={10–10} }
 @article{franzluebbers_pehim-limbu_poore_2018, title={Soil-Test Biological Activity with the Flush of CO2: IV. Fall-Stockpiled Tall Fescue Yield Response to Applied Nitrogen}, volume={110}, ISSN={["1435-0645"]}, DOI={10.2134/agronj2018.03.0146}, abstractNote={Core Ideas
Soil biological activity is a reliable indicator of soil nitrogen availability.
Nitrogen fertilization of fall stockpiled tall fescue should be adjusted based on soil testing.
The flush of CO2 is a robust indicator of soil biological activity.
A new paradigm of soil testing based on soil biological activity is possible.
}, number={5}, journal={AGRONOMY JOURNAL}, author={Franzluebbers, Alan J. and Pehim-Limbu, Smriti and Poore, Matt H.}, year={2018}, pages={2033–2049} }
 @article{stewart_beck_walker_poore_arthington_lawrence_2016, title={BILL E. KUNKLE INTERDISCIPLINARY BEEF SYMPOSIUM: Mineral Nutrition in Beef Cattle Production}, volume={94}, ISSN={["1525-3163"]}, DOI={10.2527/jas.2016-1116}, abstractNote={The Bill Kunkle Interdisciplinary Beef Symposium titled “The Current Status of Mineral Nutrition in Beef Cattle Production: From Pasture to Plate” was held at the annual meeting of the Southern Section of the American Society of Animal Science on Monday, February 8, 2016, in San Antonio, TX. The symposium was developed to present up-to-date information regarding mineral nutrition of beef cattle in all sectors of production through harvest as well as offer an arena for discussion on the impact of current feeding strategies and management practices on mineral status, reproduction, immunity, growth, and antemortem impacts on carcass characteristics and meat quality. The symposium comprised 4 invited presentations, all of which are briefly discussed below. The symposium began with an invited presentation by Dr. L. W. Greene (Auburn University, Auburn, AL) entitled “Assessing the current mineral supplementation needs in pasture-based beef operations in the Southeastern United States.” Dr. Greene gave an...}, number={12}, journal={JOURNAL OF ANIMAL SCIENCE}, author={Stewart, R. L., Jr. and Beck, P. and Walker, R. S. and Poore, M. H. and Arthington, J. D. and Lawrence, T. E.}, year={2016}, month={Dec}, pages={5393–5394} }
 @article{moriel_piccolo_artioli_poore_marques_cooke_2016, title={Decreasing the frequency and rate of wet brewers grains supplementation did not impact growth but reduced humoral immune response of preconditioning beef heifers}, volume={94}, ISSN={["1525-3163"]}, DOI={10.2527/jas.2015-0250}, abstractNote={This study evaluated growth and measurements of innate and humoral immunity of preconditioning beef heifers supplemented with wet brewers grains (WBG) at 2 supplementation rates and frequencies. At 14 d after weaning (d 0), Angus heifers ( = 36; 213 ± 2 kg BW and 254 ± 7 d of age) were stratified by BW and age and randomly assigned to 1 of 12 drylot pens (3 heifers/pen). Treatments were randomly assigned to pens, in a 2 × 2 factorial design, and consisted of heifers provided ground tall fescue hay ad libitum (55% TDN and 12% CP of DM) and supplemented with WBG (75% TDN and 36% CP of DM) either daily (7X) or 3 times weekly (3X; Monday, Wednesday, and Friday) at 0.5 or 1.0% of BW (DM basis) for 42 d. Heifers were vaccinated against infectious bovine rhinotracheitis (IBR), bovine viral diarrhea virus (BVDV), Mannheimia haemolytica, and Clostridium on d 14 and 28. Individual BW was measured before feeding on d 0 and 42 following 12 h of feed and water withdrawal. Blood samples were collected via jugular venipuncture 4 h after WBG supplementation on d 14, 15, 16, 17, 21, 28, 29, 30, 31, 35, and 42. Heifers fed WBG 3X had less hay DMI (2.6 ± 0.16 vs. 3.2 ± 0.16 kg/d; < 0.0001) but greater total DMI (5.6 ± 0.16 vs. 3.8 ± 0.16 kg/d; < 0.0001) than 7X heifers on days that all heifers received WBG supplementation. However, overall hay and total DMI was not affected ( ≥ 0.40) by supplementation frequency. Therefore, ADG, BW, and G:F from d 0 to 42 did not differ among treatments ( ≥ 0.29). Plasma concentrations of haptoglobin on d 15 and cortisol on d 14 were greater for 3X heifers vs. 7X heifers ( ≤ 0.04). Heifers fed WBG at 0.5% of BW tended to have greater plasma cortisol concentrations on d 15, 17, and 35 ( ≤ 0.09) than heifers fed at 1.0% of BW. Serum BVDV-1a titers were greater ( = 0.04) for 7X heifers vs. 3X heifers on d 42 (4.2 ± 0.28 vs. 3.3 ± 0.28 log), whereas serum titers against BVDV-2 and IBR were greater for heifers fed WBG at 1.0% of BW vs. heifers fed WBG at 0.5% of BW (7.6 vs. 6.7 and 3.3 vs. 2.8 ± 0.19 log, respectively). In summary, decreasing WBG supplementation frequency (7 vs. 3 times weekly) or rate (1.0 vs. 0.5% of BW) for recently weaned beef heifers did not affect growth but decreased vaccine-induced antibody production against pathogens associated with bovine respiratory disease during a 42-d preconditioning period.}, number={7}, journal={JOURNAL OF ANIMAL SCIENCE}, author={Moriel, P. and Piccolo, M. B. and Artioli, L. F. A. and Poore, M. H. and Marques, R. S. and Cooke, R. F.}, year={2016}, month={Jul}, pages={3030–3041} }
 @article{lyons_shaeffer_drewnoski_poore_poole_2016, title={Effect of protein supplementation and forage allowance on the growth and reproduction of beef heifers grazing stockpiled tall fescue}, volume={94}, ISSN={["1525-3163"]}, DOI={10.2527/jas.2015-9969}, abstractNote={Stockpiled tall fescue can provide adequate winter forage for beef cattle, although unsupplemented replacement heifers may display marginal performance before breeding. The objective of this study was to determine if protein supplementation and/or additional forage improves growth and reproductive performance of replacement heifers grazing stockpiled fescue. Cattle averaging 272 ± 1.59 kg were stratified by BW and then randomly assigned to 1 of 4 plots within a pasture replication. Treatment combinations were assigned in a 2 × 2 factorial arrangement and included 1) a conservative forage allocation ("normal," targeting 85% forage use) and mineral supplement (normal forage allocation with mineral supplement [FM]), 2) normal forage allocation with protein tub (FT), 3) more liberal forage allocation ("extra," targeting 70% forage use) and mineral supplement (extra forage allocation with mineral supplement [EM]), and 4) "extra forage allocation with protein tub (ET). Treatments were administered for 8 wk from early November to early January. Heifers were fed fescue hay for 1 wk before breeding in late January. Heifers were synchronized with the 7-d CO-Synch + controlled internal drug release device protocol and inseminated in late January. Heifers were checked for pregnancy by ultrasonography at 35 and 90 d after AI. Main and interaction effects between the 2 treatments were determined. Total supplement intake was greater for protein tub than mineral supplement (0.36 vs. 0.11 kg·heifer·d, respectively; < 0.0001), and the additional dietary protein in the tub groups resulted in greater serum urea N concentrations ( < 0.0001; 8.15 vs. 10.4 mg/dL for mineral and protein tub, respectively). Forage utilization efficiency was greater for normal than extra forage allocation (74.7 vs. 65.8%, respectively; < 0.0001). Main effects of both treatments on ADG were significant ( < 0.0001; 0.28, 0.43, 0.43, and 0.51 kg·heifer·d for FM, FT, EM, and ET, respectively). There was an interaction effect of the 2 treatments on change in BCS ( < 0.05; 0.12, 0.10, 0.18, and 0.31 for FM, FT, EM, and ET, respectively). Reproductive tract scores, pelvic area, and AI pregnancy rates were not different between treatments ( > 0.05). Overall, feeding a protein supplement or providing extra forage increased gain and interacted to increase BCS but did not have an effect on reproductive performance. Supplementing with protein and providing extra forage are strategies that can increase gain in heifers, which could aid heifers in reaching puberty before estrous synchronization.}, number={4}, journal={JOURNAL OF ANIMAL SCIENCE}, author={Lyons, S. E. and Shaeffer, A. D. and Drewnoski, M. E. and Poore, M. H. and Poole, D. H.}, year={2016}, month={Apr}, pages={1677–1688} }
 @article{moriel_artioli_piccolo_marques_poore_cooke_2016, title={Effects of timing of anabolic implant insertion on growth and immunity of recently weaned beef steers}, volume={94}, ISSN={["1525-3163"]}, DOI={10.2527/jas.2016-0470}, abstractNote={We evaluated the effects of timing of estrogenic implant insertion, relative to weaning, on growth performance and measurements of innate and humoral immunity of beef calves. On d -14, Angus × Simmental crossbred steers ( = 48; BW = 217 ± 5 kg; age = 191 ± 3 d) were stratified by BW, age, and cow parity and randomly assigned to receive no implant (NOIP) or 36 mg of zeranol on d -14, 0, or 14, relative to weaning (IP-14, IP0, and IP+14, respectively; 12 steers/treatment). From d -14 to 0, cow-calf pairs remained on a single, tall-fescue pasture with no access to concentrate supplementation. Steers were weaned on d 0, stratified by treatment and BW, and then allocated into 1 of 16 drylot pens to receive daily free-choice access to a corn silage-based diet during the preconditioning phase (d 0 to 56). Steers were vaccinated against infectious bovine rhinotracheitis (IBRV), bovine viral diarrhea virus (BVDV), and on d -27 and 0. From d 56 to 252 (postpreconditioning phase), steers remained in their respective feedlot pens and were provided free-choice access to corn silage-based growing (d 56 to 167) and finishing total mixed rations (d 168 to 252). Body weight on d 0 did not differ among treatments ( ≥ 0.29) but was greater for IP-14 and IP0 than NOIP and IP+14 steers on d 14, 42, and 56 ( ≤ 0.05). Treatment effects were not detected for G:F and DMI from d 0 to 56 ( ≥ 0.34), but ADG from d -14 to 56 was greater for IP-14 compared to NOIP ( ≤ 0.05) and intermediate for IP0 and IP+14 steers. Plasma IGF-1 concentrations were greater for IP-14 than NOIP ( ≤ 0.05) and intermediate for IP0 and IP+14 steers on d -7, 0, 14, and 21. Plasma concentrations of cortisol and haptoglobin and serum titers against BVDV types 1a and 2 did not differ among treatments from d 0 to 56 ( ≥ 0.37). However, serum IBRV titers were greater for IP+14 than NOIP, IP-14, and IP0 steers ( ≤ 0.02). On d 252, BW was greater for IP-14 and IP0 than NOIP steers ( ≤ 0.05) and intermediate for IP+14 steers, but ADG and G:F from d 57 to 252 and carcass characteristics at slaughter did not differ among treatments ( ≥ 0.16). Thus, the 36-mg zeranol implant did not elicit an inflammatory response or affect the overall vaccine response of steers (except for IBRV titers). However, growth of steers during a 56-d preconditioning period was enhanced by administering 36-mg zeranol implant 14 d before weaning, without affecting subsequent postpreconditioning growth and carcass characteristics at slaughter.}, number={7}, journal={JOURNAL OF ANIMAL SCIENCE}, author={Moriel, P. and Artioli, L. F. A. and Piccolo, M. B. and Marques, R. S. and Poore, M. H. and Cooke, R. F.}, year={2016}, month={Jul}, pages={3051–3060} }
 @article{moriel_artioli_piccolo_marques_poore_cooke_2016, title={Frequency of wet brewers grains supplementation during late gestation of beef cows and its effects on offspring postnatal growth and immunity}, volume={94}, ISSN={["1525-3163"]}, DOI={10.2527/jas.2016-0427}, abstractNote={Our objectives were to evaluate postnatal growth and measurements of innate and humoral immunity of beef calves born to dams fed wet brewers grains (WBG) daily or 3 times weekly during late gestation. On d 0 (approximately 60 d before calving), 28 multiparous, spring-calving Angus cows (BW = 578 ± 19 kg; age = 4.7 ± 0.65 yr; BCS = 7.0 ± 0.18) were stratified by sire, age, BW, and BCS and then randomly allocated into 1 of 14 drylot pens (2 cows/pen; 18 by 3 m; 27 m/cow). Cows were offered ground tall fescue hay ad libitum and received similar weekly WBG supplementation (DMI = 0.5% of BW multiplied by 7 d). Treatments were randomly assigned to pens (7 pens/treatment) and consisted of cows receiving WBG supplementation daily (S7; weekly DMI of WBG divided by 7 d) or 3 times weekly (S3; weekly DMI of WBG divided by 3 d; Mondays, Wednesdays, and Fridays) from d 0 until calving. Cow-calf pairs were managed as a single group on tall fescue pastures from calving to weaning (d 226). Calves were immediately submitted to a preconditioning period from d 226 to 266 and vaccinated against infectious bovine rhinotracheitis, bovine viral diarrhea virus, , and on d 231 and 245. Decreasing the frequency of WBG supplementation did not impact ( ≥ 0.21) precalving intake of total DM, CP, and TDN; BW and BCS change; overall plasma cortisol concentrations; and postcalving growth and pregnancy rate of cows. Overall plasma concentrations of glucose and insulin did not differ ( ≥ 0.28) between S3 and S7 cows, whereas S3 cows had greater ( = 0.002) plasma glucose concentrations and tended ( = 0.06) to have greater plasma insulin concentrations on days they were not fed WBG vs. days of WBG supplementation. Calf plasma concentrations of haptoglobin and cortisol at birth but not serum IgG ( = 0.63) tended ( = 0.10) to be greater for S3 vs. S7 calves. However, additional calf growth and immunity variables obtained during pre- and postweaning phases did not differ between S3 and S7 calves ( ≥ 0.21). Hence, decreasing the frequency of WBG supplementation during late gestation caused oscillations on precalving plasma glucose and insulin concentrations but did not affect plasma cortisol concentrations, growth, and pregnancy rate of cows. Also, reduced frequency of WBG supplementation during late gestation did not have carryover effects on postnatal calf growth and immunity.}, number={6}, journal={JOURNAL OF ANIMAL SCIENCE}, author={Moriel, P. and Artioli, L. F. A. and Piccolo, M. B. and Marques, R. S. and Poore, M. H. and Cooke, R. F.}, year={2016}, month={Jun}, pages={2553–2563} }
 @article{moriel_piccolo_artioli_marques_poore_cooke_2016, title={Short-term energy restriction during late gestation of beef cows decreases postweaning calf humoral immune response to vaccination}, volume={94}, ISSN={["1525-3163"]}, DOI={10.2527/jas.2016-0426}, abstractNote={Our objectives were to evaluate the pre- and postweaning growth and measurements of innate and humoral immune response of beef calves born to cows fed 70 or 100% of NEm requirements during the last 40 d of gestation. On d 0 (approximately 40 d before calving), 30 multiparous Angus cows pregnant to embryo transfer (BW = 631 ± 15 kg; age = 5.2 ± 0.98 yr; BCS = 6.3 ± 0.12) were randomly allocated into 1 of 10 drylot pens (3 cows/pen). Treatments were randomly assigned to pens (5 pens/treatment) and consisted of cows limit-fed (d 0 to calving) isonitrogenous, total-mixed diets formulated to provide 100 (CTRL) or 70% (REST) of daily NEm requirements of a 630-kg beef cow at 8 mo of gestation. Immediately after calving, all cow-calf pairs were combined into a single management group and rotationally grazed on tall fescue pastures (6 pastures; 22 ha/pasture) until weaning (d 266). All calves were assigned to a 40-d preconditioning period in a drylot from d 266 to 306 and vaccinated against infectious bovine rhinotracheitis, bovine viral diarrhea virus (BVDV), , and spp. on d 273 and 287. Blood samples from jugular vein were collected from cows on d 0, 17, and 35 and from calves within 12 h of birth and on d 266, 273, 274, 276, 279, and 287. By design, REST cows consumed less ( ≤ 0.002) total DMI, TDN, and NEm but had similar CP intake ( = 0.67), which tended ( = 0.06) to increase BW loss from d 0 to calving, than CTRL cows (-1.09 vs. -0.70 ± 0.14 kg/d, respectively). However, gestational NEm intake did not affect ( ≥ 0.30) plasma concentrations of cortisol, insulin, and glucose during gestation and BCS at calving as well as postcalving pregnancy rate, BW, and BCS change of cows. Calf serum IgG concentrations and plasma concentrations of haptoglobin and cortisol at birth as well as calf pre- and postweaning BW and ADG did not differ ( ≥ 0.15) between calves born to REST and CTRL cows. However, calf postweaning overall plasma concentrations of cortisol; plasma haptoglobin concentrations on d 274, 276, and 279; and serum BVDV-1a titers on d 306 were less for REST calves than for CTRL calves ( ≤ 0.05). Hence, a NEm restriction to 70% of daily requirements during the last 40 d of gestation had minimal effects on cow precalving growth and did not affect postcalving cow growth and reproductive performance. However, it decreased postweaning vaccination-induced humoral immunity, inflammatory, and physiological stress responses of calves.}, number={6}, journal={JOURNAL OF ANIMAL SCIENCE}, author={Moriel, P. and Piccolo, M. B. and Artioli, L. F. A. and Marques, R. S. and Poore, M. H. and Cooke, R. F.}, year={2016}, month={Jun}, pages={2542–2552} }
 @article{scaglia_beck_poore_lehmkuhler_2015, title={BILL E. KUNKLE INTERDISCIPLINARY BEEF SYMPOSIUM: Tall fescue toxicosis update}, volume={93}, ISSN={["1525-3163"]}, DOI={10.2527/jas.2015-9892}, abstractNote={The Bill Kunkle Interdisciplinary Beef Symposium entitled “Tall Fescue Toxicosis Update” was held at the annual meeting of the Southern Section of ASAS on Monday, February 2, 2015, in Atlanta, GA. The purpose of the symposium was to present up-to-date information regarding fescue toxicosis in beef cattle and new information regarding metabolism of ergot alkaloids, as well as to provide an environment for discussion of years of research focusing on how to reduce the negative effects of this syndrome and improve genetic resistance to it. The symposium was comprised of 5 invited presentations, which are briefly discussed below. The symposium began with an invited presentation by R. L. Kallenbach (University of Missouri, Columbia, MO) entitled “Coping with tall fescue toxicosis: Solutions and realities”. During his presentation, Kallenbach gave an overview of the current status of the possible alternatives to reduce the effect of fescue toxicosis in beef cattle with emphasis on agronomic and management practices (Kallenbach, 2015). Testing tall fescue for infection rate is of major importance due to its impact on animal productivity and well-being. Based on these tests published in several scientific journals, it has been concluded that ADG of stocker cattle is reduced 45 g for every 10% increase in endophyte infection and cow conception rates decreased 3.5% for every 10% increase on the pastures infestation rates.}, number={12}, journal={JOURNAL OF ANIMAL SCIENCE}, author={Scaglia, G. and Beck, P. and Poore, M. H. and Lehmkuhler, J.}, year={2015}, month={Dec}, pages={5485–5486} }
 @article{artioli_moriel_poore_marques_cooke_2015, title={Decreasing the frequency of energy supplementation from daily to three times weekly impairs growth and humoral immune response of preconditioning beef steers}, volume={93}, ISSN={["1525-3163"]}, DOI={10.2527/jas.2015-9457}, abstractNote={We evaluated the effects of frequency of energy supplementation on growth and measurements of innate and humoral immune responses of preconditioning beef steers following vaccination. Angus steers ( = 24; 221 ± 6.3 kg; 177 ± 4 d of age) were weaned on d -7 and kept in a single drylot pen with free access to tall fescue hay and concentrate DMI at 0.5% of BW (50:50 mix of soyhulls and corn gluten pellets; DM basis) from d -7 to 0. On d 0, steers were stratified by BW and age and randomly assigned to 1 of 8 feedlot pens (3 steers/pen). Treatments were randomly assigned to pens (4 pens/treatment) and consisted of steers provided daily free access to ground tall fescue hay and similar weekly concentrate DMI (1% of BW times 7 d), which was divided and offered either daily (S7) or 3 times weekly (S3; Monday, Wednesday, and Friday) from d 0 to 42. Individual BW was measured before feeding on d 0 and 42, after 12 h of feed and water withdrawal. Steers were vaccinated against infectious bovine rhinotracheitis, bovine viral diarrhea virus (BVDV), and clostridium on d 7 and 21. Blood samples were collected from the jugular vein on d -7 and 4 h after concentrate supplementation on d 0, 7, 8, 9, 10, 14, 21, 22, 23, 24, 28, 35, and 42. Steers offered concentrate daily had greater ( ≤ 0.02) BW on d 42, overall ADG, and total DMI, but similar ( = 0.14) G:F, than S3 steers. On days that S7 and S3 steers were offered concentrate, total DMI was greater and hay DMI was less for S3 vs. S7 steers ( ≤ 0.05). On days that only S7 steers were supplemented, hay DMI was greater, but total DMI was less for S3 vs. S7 steers ( ≤ 0.05). Mean CP and NEg intake were greater ( ≤ 0.03) for S7 vs. S3 steers. Plasma cortisol concentrations on d 7 and 28, and mean plasma haptoglobin concentrations, but not liver mRNA expression of haptoglobin ( = 0.75), were greater for S3 vs. S7 steers ( ≤ 0.03). Plasma IGF-1 concentrations on d 0 and urea nitrogen on d 1 and 3, relative to vaccination, were greater for S7 vs. S3 steers ( ≤ 0.008). Positive seroconversion to BVDV-1b on d 42 and mean serum BVDV-1b titers were greater for S7 vs. S3 steers ( ≤ 0.05). In summary, decreasing the frequency of concentrate supplementation from daily to three times weekly, during a 42-d preconditioning period, decreased growth performance, increased plasma concentrations of haptoglobin and cortisol, and decreased vaccine-induced antibody production against BVDV-1b of beef steers.}, number={11}, journal={JOURNAL OF ANIMAL SCIENCE}, author={Artioli, L. F. A. and Moriel, P. and Poore, M. H. and Marques, R. S. and Cooke, R. F.}, year={2015}, month={Nov}, pages={5430–5441} }
 @article{poore_lehmkuhler_2015, title={FORAGES AND PASTURES SYMPOSIUM: Use of marginal lands and fibrous byproducts in efficient beef and dairy production systems}, volume={93}, ISSN={["1525-3163"]}, DOI={10.2527/jas.2015-9127}, abstractNote={The Forages and Pastures Symposium “Use of Marginal Lands and Fibrous Byproducts in Efficient Beef and Dairy Production Systems” was held at the Joint Annual Meeting of the American Dairy Science Association, the American Society of Animal Science, and the Canadian Society of Animal Science in Kansas City, MO, July 20 to 24, 2014. The purpose of the symposium was to explore how the efficiency of beef and dairy production on marginal lands and using marginal-quality harvested feeds can be improved. In the future, grazing and forage production will be relegated to more marginal land and confinement feeding systems will be increasingly based on fibrous byproducts. Four invited presentations were planned to explore 1) strategies to improve the efficiency of production systems using grazing beef and dairy cattle, 2) application of improved grazing management to improve long-term productivity through improved soil health and associated ecosystem services, 3) advances in the use of fibrous byproducts with a focus on the use of corn crop residues, and 4) selection of new forage species for improved productivity on marginal lands.}, number={6}, journal={JOURNAL OF ANIMAL SCIENCE}, author={Poore, M. H. and Lehmkuhler, J. W.}, year={2015}, month={Jun}, pages={2607–2608} }
 @article{moriel_artioli_poore_confer_marques_cooke_2015, title={Increasing the metabolizable protein supply enhanced growth performance and led to variable results on innate and humoral immune response of preconditioning beef steers}, volume={93}, ISSN={["1525-3163"]}, DOI={10.2527/jas.2015-9238}, abstractNote={We evaluated the effects of MP supply on growth performance before and after preconditioning and measurements of innate and humoral immune response of beef steers following vaccination. Angus steers ( = 36; BW = 231 ± 21 kg; age = 184 ± 18 d) were weaned on d -6, stratified by BW and age on d 0, and randomly assigned to 1 of 18 drylot pens (2 steers/pen). Treatments were assigned to pens (6 pens/treatment) and consisted of corn silage-based diets formulated to provide 85%, 100%, or 115% of the daily MP requirements of a beef steer gaining 1.1 kg/d from d 0 to 42. Steers were vaccinated against infectious bovine rhinotracheitis virus, bovine viral diarrhea (BVDV) types 1 and 2 viruses, and clostridium on d 14 and 28. Blood samples were collected on d 0, 14, 15, 17, 21, 28, 29, 30, 35, and 42. Body weight did not differ ( ≥ 0.17) among treatments from d 0 to 28. On d 42, 115% MP steers were heaviest, 100% MP steers were intermediate, and 85% MP steers were lightest ( = 0.05; 297, 290, and 278 ± 7 kg, respectively). Overall, ADG and G:F did not differ ( ≥ 0.13) between 100% and 115% MP steers and were least ( < 0.01) for 85% MP steers (1.2, 1.4, and 0.8 ± 0.07 kg/d and 0.23, 0.24, and 0.19 ± 0.008, respectively). Plasma haptoglobin (Hp) concentrations did not differ among treatments ( ≥ 0.46), whereas plasma ceruloplasmin (Cp) concentrations were greatest ( ≤ 0.04) for 85% MP steers, intermediate for 100% MP steers, and least for 115% MP steers on d 30, 35, and 42. Plasma cortisol concentrations were greater ( ≤ 0.03) for 85% vs. 100% and 115% MP steers on d 14 and 28. Liver mRNA expression of Cp and Hp and muscle mRNA expression of m-calpain, mammalian target of rapamycin, and ubiquitin did not differ among treatments ( ≥ 0.17). Serum neutralization titers to BVDV-1b titers were greater ( ≤ 0.02) for 115% vs. 85% and 100% MP steers on d 42 (5.8, 3.0, and 3.7 ± 0.60 log, respectively), whereas mean serum leukotoxin titers were greater for 85% vs. 100% and 115% MP steers (3.1, 2.4, and 2.5 ± 0.21 log, respectively). Preconditioning MP supply did not affect ( ≥ 0.26) ubsequent finishing growth performance and carcass characteristics. Thus, increasing MP supply from 85% to 115% of daily requirement of preconditioning beef steers had variable results on innate and humoral immune response and enhanced growth performance during a 42-d preconditioning period without affecting carcass characteristics at slaughter.}, number={9}, journal={JOURNAL OF ANIMAL SCIENCE}, author={Moriel, P. and Artioli, L. F. A. and Poore, M. H. and Confer, A. W. and Marques, R. S. and Cooke, R. F.}, year={2015}, month={Sep}, pages={4473–4485} }
 @article{bordeaux_grossman_white_osmond_poore_pietrosemoli_2014, title={Effects of rotational infrastructure within pasture-raised pig operations on ground cover, soil nutrient distribution, and bulk density}, volume={69}, ISSN={["1941-3300"]}, DOI={10.2489/jswc.69.2.120}, abstractNote={Interest in pasture-based pork products has increased significantly in recent years. However, nitrogen (N) losses resulting from these systems are common due to importation of feed, high stocking rates, and pig behavior. This study was conducted to evaluate soil inorganic N, soil-test phosphorus (STP), ground cover, and compaction changes as impacted by rotational shade, water, and feed structures in a pasture-raised pig operation over two 12-week pig occupations. Shade and watering structures were rotated weekly for 12 weeks within a rotational (mobile) scheme; data were compared to a stationary structure system as well as to a managed hay operation with no pigs. Soil samples were acquired from subplots and analyzed for distribution of inorganic N concentrations among main plot treatments, including nitrate (NO3), ammonium (NH4), and STP values. Soil inorganic N concentrations were higher in exterior subplot positions than in interior positions. This pattern was not maintained after a second pig group occupied the plots. Soil test phosphorus was unaffected by either pig occupation. Ground cover percentages were higher in control (hay) treatments than for pig treatments, however no difference was found between mobile and stationary structure treatments in either pig occupation. Soil compaction, as measured by soil bulk density, was found to be higher under permanent shade structure locations as compared to mobile and control treatments. Mobile and control compaction levels were not different for the second occupation, utilizing a more intensive sampling scheme, suggesting a benefit to the rotation of shade, water and feed infrastructure. The weekly rotation of infrastructure performed during both occupations was both labor intensive and time consuming. The observed lack of improvement in nutrient distribution to a rotational infrastructure may limit its utility in pastured-pig systems. However, further options are available that would allow the production of pasture-raised pigs while minimizing associated nutrient loading and pasture degradation.}, number={2}, journal={JOURNAL OF SOIL AND WATER CONSERVATION}, publisher={Soil and Water Conservation Society}, author={Bordeaux, C. and Grossman, J. and White, J. and Osmond, D. and Poore, M. and Pietrosemoli, S.}, year={2014}, pages={120–130} }
 @article{drewnoski_huntington_poore_2014, title={Reduced supplementation frequency increased insulin-like growth factor 1 in beef steers fed medium quality hay and supplemented with a soybean hull and corn gluten feed blend}, volume={92}, ISSN={["1525-3163"]}, DOI={10.2527/jas.2013-7372}, abstractNote={Reducing supplementation frequency in calf growing programs can reduce labor and equipment operation costs. However, little is understood about the metabolic response of ruminants to large fluctuations in nutrient intake. Eighteen Angus or Angus × Simmental cross steers (287 ± 20 kg and 310 ± 3.6 d of age) were individually fed 1 of 3 dietary treatments using Calan gates. Dietary treatments consisted of ad libitum hay and no supplement (NS), ad libitum hay and 1% BW (as-fed basis) of supplement daily (DS), or ad libitum hay and 2% BW (as-fed basis) of supplement every other day (SA). The supplement was 90% DM and contained (as-fed basis) 47% corn gluten feed, 47% soybean hulls, 2% feed grade limestone, and 4% molasses. Hay intake and ADG was measured over a 52-d period. Steers were then moved to individual tie stalls. Steers were fed at 0800 h and blood samples were collected every hour from 0600 to 1400 h and at 1800, 2200, and 0200 h over a 2-d period. Gains were increased (P < 0.01) by supplementation but did not differ (P = 0.68) due to supplementation frequency. Average daily gain was 0.45, 0.90, and 0.87 kg ·hd(-1)·d(-1) (SEM ± 0.05) for steers NS, DS, and SA, respectively. Across the 2-d supplementation cycle area under the concentration time curve (AUC) for plasma glucose was increased (P < 0.01) by supplementation but did not differ (P = 0.41) due to supplementation frequency. The AUC for plasma insulin was increased by supplementation (P < 0.01) but did not differ (P = 0.67) due to supplementation frequency. Plasma IGF-1 was increased (P = 0.01) by supplementation and was greater (P = 0.04) for steers supplemented SA than DS. Gains of steers supplemented with a soybean hull and corn gluten feed blend on alternate days did not differ from those supplemented daily suggesting the steers were able to efficiently utilize large boluses of nutrients fed every other day. The effect of less frequent supplementation on IGF-1 deserves further examination as this hormone has been shown to increase protein synthesis.}, number={6}, journal={JOURNAL OF ANIMAL SCIENCE}, author={Drewnoski, M. E. and Huntington, G. B. and Poore, M. H.}, year={2014}, month={Jun}, pages={2546–2553} }
 @article{poore_washburn_2013, title={FORAGES AND PASTURES SYMPOSIUM: Impact of Fungal Endophytes on Pasture and Environmental Sustainability}, volume={91}, ISSN={["1525-3163"]}, DOI={10.2527/jas.2013-6431}, abstractNote={The discovery of endophyte-grass associations in tall fescue [Lolium arundinaceum (Schreb.) Darbysh. syn. Festuca arundinacea Schreb.] and perennial ryegrass (Lolium perenne L.) has improved the understanding of fescue toxicosis, ryegrass staggers, and other related syndromes. These two forage species are of major importance in temperate grazing systems, and the presence of alkaloid toxins in many varieties produced by endophytic fungi (from the Epichloë and Neotyphodium genera) has led to poor animal performance and great economic losses. About 8 million beef cows in the United States graze tall fescue sometime during the year, and there are also significant numbers of dairy cattle, horses, and small ruminants present in the fescue belt. Total economic loss as a result of adverse effects on growth rate, reproduction, and milk production exceeds $1 billion/yr (Roberts and Andrae, 2010). Recent development and commercialization of tall fescue infected with an endophyte that does not produce toxic alkaloids (e.g., MaxQ, Pennington Seed, Madison, GA) represents the first use of endophyte technology to enhance the agronomic performance of a grass (i.e., Jesup tall fescue). Initial research demonstrated that agronomic characteristics of tall fescue infected with nontoxic endophytes were better than endophyte-free tall fescue and not different from tall fescue infected with wild-type (i.e., toxic) endophyte. Furthermore, animal performance was similar for endophyte-free and nontoxic-endophyte-infected tall fescue, both of which supported improved performance vs. tall fescue infected with wild-type endophyte (Parish et al., 2003). Questions remained about how long-term persistence of the nontoxic-endophyte-infected tall fescue would compare with wild-type-infected tall fescue. Two long-term studies have been published recently (Vibart et al., 2008; Drewnoski et al., 2009a,b; Franzluebbers et al., 2009) that confirmed the beneficial effects of the nontoxic endophyte on animal performance and also showed that long-term yield and persistence were improved compared with endophyte-free fescue and were nearly equal to tall fescue infected with wild-type endophyte.}, number={5}, journal={JOURNAL OF ANIMAL SCIENCE}, author={Poore, M. H. and Washburn, S. P.}, year={2013}, month={May}, pages={2367–2368} }
 @article{rhinehart_poore_2013, title={SOUTHERN SECTION INTERDISCIPLINARY BEEF CATTLE SYMPOSIUM: Opportunities for stocker cattle in the southern United States}, volume={91}, ISSN={["1525-3163"]}, DOI={10.2527/jas.2012-6095}, abstractNote={Section annual meeting has been a well-attended addition to the program at the Southern Association of Agricultural Scientists (SAAS) annual conference. This venue allows broad participation by all attendees from the Southern Section of American Society of Animal Science (ASAS), and the symposium is also well attended by members of other societies associated with SAAS. The symposium in 2012, which was held in Birmingham, AL, on February 6, was developed to address economic and production management issues for modern stocker cattle production systems. Beef cattle production in the southern United States is driven by fl uctuations in multiple commodity markets, seasonality, weather patterns, production management capabilities, and many other factors. Taking advantage of the opportunities these fl uc-tuations present can be a key component of profi tability. The average age of cattle producers in the United States is 58 yr (USDA-NASS, 2007), indicating a reduction in young producers choosing this fi eld as a career. Stocker cattle production might provide an ideal entry into the industry. Cash fl ow can be more ideally managed for a beginning producer that might lack the fi nan-cial and resource capitol for cow–calf production. However , fi nancial and production risk management can be more intense. Moreover, health, production, and pasture management require a great deal of experiential knowledge compared with cow–calf production systems. The nomenclature around stocker cattle production can be confusing and regional jargon varies widely. In general, the term " stocker " refers to a weaned calf grown predominantly on standing forage with or without supplementation (Johnson et al., 2010). " Backgrounding " refers to growing weaned calves with a high concentrate ration, often in drylot housing. The term " feeder calf " is usually intended to describe weaned steers and heifers that are going straight to a feedlot without going through a stockering or back-grounding system. The stocker cattle industry in the Southern United States is based on several different scenarios: 1) purchasing mismanaged cattle, improving their health and appearance, and then selling them to feeders as a value-added product, 2) purchasing high-quality calves as small groups or singles, commingling them into uniform lots, and profi ting from improved marketing power , or 3) adding BW on forages or byproducts at a lower cost than could be done in the feedlot. A classic model has been to purchase intact males, castrate them, and then resell them after they have healed …}, number={1}, journal={JOURNAL OF ANIMAL SCIENCE}, author={Rhinehart, J. D. and Poore, M. H.}, year={2013}, month={Jan}, pages={501–502} }
 @article{dowler_siciliano_pratt-phillips_poore_2012, title={Determination of Pasture Dry Matter Intake Rates in Different Seasons and Their Application in Grazing Management}, volume={32}, ISSN={0737-0806}, url={http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jevs.2011.06.006}, DOI={10.1016/j.jevs.2011.06.006}, abstractNote={Eight mature horses weighing 576 ± 32 kg (mean ± SD) were used to compare differences in pasture dry matter (DM) intake rate in October (period 1), February (period 2), and May (period 3). Horses were randomly assigned to a pair of adjacent 5 m × 5 m grazing cells containing nontoxic, endophyte-infected tall fescue. Horses had access to each cell for 4 hours. Pasture DM intake rate was estimated over the entire 8-hour period by measuring the pre- and postgrazing herbage mass within each cell and was expressed as kg DM/100 kg body weight (BW)/hr. Mean 8-hour DM intake rate in period 1 (0.17 ± 0.01 kg DM/100 kg BW/hr) was greater (P < .001) than for period 2 (0.09 ± 0.01 kg DM/100 kg BW/hr) and period 3 (0.11 ± 0.01 kg DM/100 kg BW/hr), but it was not different (P = .274) between periods 2 and 3. A second experiment using the same eight horses was conducted immediately after the first experiment, within each season, to determine whether the DM intake rates derived from the first experiment could be used along with estimates of maintenance digestible energy (DE) requirements and pasture DE concentrations to predict the amount of grazing time required for a horse to consume only its maintenance DE requirement and maintain zero BW change over a 6-week period. Grazing time necessary to maintain zero BW change was accurately predicted for period 1 only.}, number={2}, journal={Journal of Equine Veterinary Science}, publisher={Elsevier BV}, author={Dowler, Lauren E. and Siciliano, Paul D. and Pratt-Phillips, Shannon E. and Poore, Matthew}, year={2012}, month={Feb}, pages={85–92} }
 @article{sullivan_freeman_van heugten_ange-van heugten_wolfe_poore_2012, title={Impact of two types of complete pelleted, wild ungulate feeds and two pelleted feed to hay ratios on the development of urolithogenic compounds in meat goats as a model for giraffes}, volume={97}, ISSN={0931-2439}, url={http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1439-0396.2012.01297.x}, DOI={10.1111/j.1439-0396.2012.01297.x}, abstractNote={Summary}, number={3}, journal={Journal of Animal Physiology and Animal Nutrition}, publisher={Wiley}, author={Sullivan, K. and Freeman, S. and van Heugten, E. and Ange-van Heugten, K. and Wolfe, B. and Poore, M. H.}, year={2012}, month={Apr}, pages={566–576} }
 @article{drewnoski_poore_benson_2011, title={Effect of frequency of supplementation of a soyhulls and corn gluten feed blend on hay intake and performance of growing steers}, volume={164}, ISSN={["0377-8401"]}, DOI={10.1016/j.anifeedsci.2010.11.022}, abstractNote={Abstract Feeding supplements less frequently can reduce labor costs and increase profitability. However reducing the frequency of delivery of grain based supplements can negatively affect fiber digestion in the rumen because more grain must be fed per feeding potentially causing decreased ruminal pH and/or an insufficiency of ruminal nitrogen. Using supplements that have a moderate crude protein (CP) level, and that are low in starch, might alleviate negative effects on fiber digestion and therefore decrease negative effects associated with supplementing energy supplements less frequently. Corn gluten feed and soybean hulls are high in metabolizable energy but low in fat and starch, and corn gluten feed is also a good source of ruminally degradable CP. The objective of this study was to determine effects of reducing supplementation frequency during a weekly cycle on steer performance when supplementing medium quality hay with a blend of soybean hulls and corn gluten feed (SH/CGF). The 86 d feeding experiment was replicated over 4 years. Each year, 40 steers (BW = 263 ± 2.5, 281 ± 2.5, 271 ± 2.9, 229 ± 2.9 kg for years 1–4, respectively) were stratified by body weight and assigned to 8 groups which were randomly assigned to treatment. During years 1 and 2, treatments consisted of ad libitum medium quality fescue hay (70–100 g/kg CP and 340–410 g/kg acid detergent fiber) that was either not supplemented (HAY), supplemented daily (7X) with 2.73 kg/hd, or supplemented on Monday, Wednesday and Friday (3X) with 6.36 kg/hd. During years 3 and 4, an additional treatment was added in which steers were supplemented on Monday and Thursday with 9.55 kg/hd of SH/CGF (2X). Average daily gain was higher (P}, number={1-2}, journal={ANIMAL FEED SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY}, author={Drewnoski, M. E. and Poore, M. H. and Benson, G. A.}, year={2011}, month={Feb}, pages={38–44} }
 @article{drewnoski_poore_benson_2011, title={Effect of frequency of supplementation of a soyhulls and corn gluten feed blend on hay intake and performance of growing steers (vol 164, pg 38, 2011)}, volume={168}, ISSN={["0377-8401"]}, DOI={10.1016/j.anifeedsci.2011.04.056}, number={1-2}, journal={ANIMAL FEED SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY}, author={Drewnoski, M. E. and Poore, M. H. and Benson, G. A.}, year={2011}, month={Aug}, pages={144–144} }
 @article{freeman_poore_young_anderson_2010, title={Influence of calcium (0.6 or 1.2%) and phosphorus (0.3 or 0.6%) content and ratio on the formation of urolithogenic compounds in the urine of Boer-cross goats fed high-concentrate diets}, volume={93}, ISSN={["0921-4488"]}, DOI={10.1016/j.smallrumres.2010.05.007}, abstractNote={The population of meat goats in the U.S. increased dramatically between 2002 and 2007. With this increase has come an increase in the number of cases of obstructive urolithiasis being seen by veterinarians. Since this condition is often associated with imbalances in dietary Ca and P, the goal of this project was to investigate the influence of concentration and ratio of Ca and P in diets for meat goats on the formation of urolithogenic precursors. Using 8 Boer-cross, wether goats in replicated Latin squares, 4 diets containing either 0.3 or 0.6% P, 0.6 or 1.2% Ca, 0 or 2% added salt, and Ca:P ratios of 1:1 or 2:1 were offered (0.3% P, 2:1; 0.6% P, 1:1; 0.6% P, 2:1; and 0.6% P, 2:1 + salt). Serum, urine, and feces were collected in conjunction with water and feed intake measurements. All treatment groups had similar dry matter intakes (DMI; 838–887 g/d, P = 0.19) and N retention rates (6.2–7.0 g/d, P = 0.54). Water consumption per unit DMI was similar for goats eating both Ca:P = 2:1 diets without 2% added salt (2.06 g/g DMI and 1.89 g/g DMI for 0.6% P and 0.3% P, respectively). Water consumption was also similar for goats receiving the Ca:P = 1:1 (2.50 g water/g DMI) and 2% added salt diet (2.79 g water/g DMI); and, these levels were higher than those for the lower salt, 2:1 diets (P = 0.0002). Serum Ca, PO4, Mg, K, Na, Cl, HCO3, and anion gap all fell within normal ranges throughout the trial, as did serum urea N and glucose. Fecal DM was 10% lower in goats consuming 0.6% P, 1:1 than when other diets were offered (32% vs. 42%, P < 0.0001), possibly the result of changes in Na and water absorption in the gastrointestinal tract caused by high P and Ca:P imbalance. Goats consuming the 0.3% P, 2:1 diet had similar urinary crystal density scores (2.47 out of 3) to goats receiving the 0.6% P, 1:1 diet with Ca:P = 0.81 (2.31 out of 3). The 0.6% P, 2:1 diets without and with 2% added salt also had similar, but lower crystal density scores (1.50 for 0.6% P, 2:1 and 1.06 for 0.6% P, 2:1 + salt; P = .002). Goats with high crystal density scores had higher urinary P, Mg, or both. Our results suggested that the formation of urolithogenic compounds is highly complex and is the result of an interrelationship between multiple minerals in the diet, not only Ca and P. Mineral concentrations may interact with mineral imbalance to impact overall mineral and water absorption from the intestines. We also demonstrated that urolithogenic precursor crystals may easily be observed using light microscopy and suggested that the crystal precursors may provide a useful predictor of which goats may be prone to developing clinical urolithiasis.}, number={2-3}, journal={SMALL RUMINANT RESEARCH}, author={Freeman, S. R. and Poore, M. H. and Young, G. A. and Anderson, K. L.}, year={2010}, month={Oct}, pages={94–102} }
 @article{freeman_poore_middleton_ferket_2009, title={Alternative methods for disposal of spent laying hens: Evaluation of the efficacy of grinding, mechanical deboning, and of keratinase in the rendering process}, volume={100}, ISSN={["0960-8524"]}, DOI={10.1016/j.biortech.2009.01.077}, abstractNote={Besides the challenges of mortality and litter disposal, the poultry industry must find economical means of disposing of laying hens that have outlived their productive lives. Because spent hens have low market value and disposing of them by composting and burial is often infeasible, finding alternative disposal methods that are environmentally secure is prudent. The feasibility of grinding or mechanically deboning spent hens with and without prior mechanical picking was evaluated for the production of various proteinaceous by-product meals. The end products were analyzed for nutrient content and found to be high in protein (35.3–91.9% CP) and, with the exception of the feathers, high in fat (24.1–58.3%), making them potentially valuable protein and energy sources. After considering physical and economic feasibility, mechanical deboning was determined to be a logical first step for the conversion of spent hens into value-added by-product meals. Because the hard tissue fraction (primarily feathers, bones, and connective tissue) generated by mechanically deboning the hens presents the greatest challenge to their utilization as feedstuffs, attention was focused on technologies that could potentially improve the nutritional value of the hard tissue for use as a ruminant protein source. Traditional hydrolysis of this hard tissue fraction improved its pepsin digestibility from 74% to 85%; however, subsequent keratinase enzyme treatment for 1 h, 2 h, 4 h, or 20 h after steam hydrolysis failed to improve the pepsin or amino acid digestibility any further (P > 0.10). Enzyme hydrolysis did, however, increase the quantities of the more soluble protein fractions (A: 45.5, 46.6, 52.8, 51.6, and 55.8% of CP; B1: 3.2, 9.8, 6.0, 4.6, and 4.1% of CP; B2: 11.7, 18.1, 22.8, 29.6, and 22.0% of CP for 0, 1 h, 2 h, 4 h, and 20 h, respectively) and reduced quantities of the less soluble fractions (B3: 30.2, 18.1, 10.8, 5.5, and 10.2% of CP; C: 9.4, 7.5, 7.6, 8.8, and 7.9% of CP for 0, 1 h, 2 h, 4 h, and 20 h, respectively). The protein digestibility of the steam hydrolyzed hard tissue fraction from the mechanical deboning of spent hens was found to be comparable to the digestibility of feather meal, but post-hydrolysis keratinase treatment did not improve feeding value for ruminants.}, number={19}, journal={BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY}, author={Freeman, S. R. and Poore, M. H. and Middleton, T. F. and Ferket, P. R.}, year={2009}, month={Oct}, pages={4515–4520} }
 @article{sullivan_van heugten_ange-van heugten_poore_dierenfeld_wolfe_2009, title={Analysis of nutrient concentrations in the diet, serum, and urine of giraffe from surveyed North American zoological institutions}, volume={29}, ISSN={0733-3188 1098-2361}, url={http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/zoo.20278}, DOI={10.1002/zoo.20278}, abstractNote={Abstract}, number={4}, journal={Zoo Biology}, publisher={Wiley}, author={Sullivan, Kathleen and van Heugten, Eric and Ange-van Heugten, Kimberly and Poore, Matthew H. and Dierenfeld, Ellen S. and Wolfe, Barbara}, year={2009}, pages={n/a-n/a} }
 @article{freeman_poore_huntington_middleton_ferket_2009, title={Determination of nitrogen balance in goats fed a meal produced from hydrolyzed spent hen hard tissues}, volume={87}, ISSN={["0021-8812"]}, DOI={10.2527/jas.2008-1077}, abstractNote={To provide an economically viable and environmentally sound method for disposing of spent laying hens, we manufactured a proteinaceous meal from the hard tissue fraction of mechanically deboned laying hens (primarily feathers, bones, and connective tissue). We hydrolyzed the hard tissue and coextruded it with soybean hulls to create a novel feather and bone meal (FBM) containing 94.2% DM, 23.1% CP, 54.5% NDF, and 7.3% fat (DM basis). We evaluated the FBM in supplements for meat goats in which it provided 0, 20, 40, or 60% of the N added to the supplement compared with a negative control supplement with no added N source. The remainder of the N was contributed by soybean meal (SBM). Supplementation of N resulted in greater DMI than the negative control (P = 0.005), and DMI changed quadratically (P = 0.11) as FBM increased in the supplement. Digestibility of DM was similar in all diets, including the negative control (P > 0.10). Fiber digestibility increased linearly as dietary inclusion of FBM increased (P = 0.04 for NDF, P = 0.05 for ADF), probably as a result of the soybean hulls in the FBM. Nitrogen digestibility declined linearly from 60.5% with 0% FBM to 55.6% with 60% FBM (P = 0.07), but N retention changed by a quadratic function as FBM replaced SBM (P = 0.06). Negative control goats had less N digestibility (P < 0.001) and N retention (P = 0.008) than N-supplemented goats. Feather and bone meal had a greater proportion of ruminally undegradable B(3) protein than SBM (23.1 vs. 0.3% of CP, respectively). Ruminal VFA and pH were unaffected by replacing SBM with FBM, but supplying no source of N in the concentrate resulted in reduced total VFA in ruminal fluid (P = 0.04). Ruminal ammonia concentration increased quadratically (P = 0.07) as FBM increased, reflecting increased intake, and it was much less in unsupplemented goats (P < 0.001). Serum urea had less variation between 0 and 4 h after feeding in goats receiving 40 or 60% of added N as FBM in comparison with those receiving only SBM or 20% FBM. Feather and bone meal promoted a more stable rumen environment, possibly because of reduced rates of protein degradation within the rumen. A palatable by-product meal for ruminants can be made from spent laying hen hard tissue, one that supports N metabolism similar to that of traditional protein sources.}, number={3}, journal={JOURNAL OF ANIMAL SCIENCE}, author={Freeman, S. R. and Poore, M. H. and Huntington, G. B. and Middleton, T. F. and Ferket, P. R.}, year={2009}, month={Mar}, pages={1068–1076} }
 @article{drewnoski_oliphant_poore_green_hockett_2009, title={Growth and reproductive performance of beef heifers grazing endophyte-free, endophyte-infected and novel endophyte-infected tall fescue}, volume={125}, DOI={10.1016/j.livsci.2009.05.003}, abstractNote={A three-year study was conducted to investigate the effects of endophyte-free (E−), endophyte-infected (E+) and novel endophyte-infected (EN) tall fescue on the growth and pregnancy rate of beef heifers during the spring. Each year, 48 beef heifers were strip-grazed on stockpiled fescue from December through February, fed fescue hay during late February to early April and then rotationally grazed on spring growth of fescue until June. At the end of the trial, heifers had been maintained on E+, E− or EN (pasture or hay) for a total of 152, 188 and 191 d in years 1, 2, and 3, respectively. In late March, heifers were synchronized using a controlled intravaginal drug-releasing device, (CIDR®) for 7 d followed by injection with PGF2α (Lutalyse®). Heatmount detectors (Kamar®) and observation for behavioral estrus were used to detect estrus for 63 d. Heifers were artificially inseminated 8 to12 h after the onset of standing estrus. Conception was determined by transrectal ultrasonography at approximately 30, 60 and 90 d after synchronization. Reproductive performance did not differ among treatments (P ≥ 0.20). Pregnancy rate was 54, 65, and 65% for E+, E− and EN, respectively. However, during the spring, growth and prolactin were decreased (P < 0.01) for heifers on E+. Gains on spring pasture were 0.24, 0.75, and 0.71 kg/d (SEM ± 0.03) for E+, E− and EN, respectively. Based on these results, the wild type endophyte-infected fescue can be used in production systems as a source of winter forage but producers should consider placing heifers on alternative forage (such as the novel endophyte-infected fescue) in the spring.}, number={2-3}, journal={Livestock Science}, author={Drewnoski, M. E. and Oliphant, E. J. and Poore, M. H. and Green, J. T. and Hockett, M. E.}, year={2009}, pages={254–260} }
 @article{drewnoski_oliphant_marshall_poore_green_hockett_2009, title={Performance of growing cattle grazing stockpiled Jesup tall fescue with varying endophyte status}, volume={87}, ISSN={["1525-3163"]}, DOI={10.2527/jas.2008-0977}, abstractNote={The objective of this study was to evaluate the performance of growing cattle when intensively grazing stockpiled endophyte-infected (E+), endophyte-free (E-), and nontoxic endophyte-infected (EN) tall fescue during the winter. The experiment was conducted over 5 consecutive winters. In each year, plots (1 ha each, 4 per treatment) were harvested for hay in August, fertilized in September, and forage was allowed to accumulate until grazing was initiated in early December. Each year, 48 Angus-cross tester cattle (4 per plot) were given a daily allotment of forage, under strip-grazing (frontal grazing) management, with a target residual height of 5 cm. Steers were used the first year, and heifers were used in subsequent years. The grazing periods for determination of pasture ADG were 86 d (yr 1), 70 d (yr 2), 86 d (yr 3), 72 d (yr 4), and 56 d (yr 5). Pasture ADG of cattle did not differ among treatments (P = 0.13) and were 0.51, 0.59, and 0.56 kg/d (SEM 0.03) for E+, E-, and EN, respectively. Serum prolactin concentrations of heifers grazing E+ were less (P < 0.05) than those grazing E- and EN during all years except yr 2. In yr 2, E+ and E- did not differ (P = 0.11). Serum prolactin of heifers grazing E- and EN did not differ (P > 0.20) except in yr 4. During yr 4, serum prolactin of heifers grazing E- was greater (P = 0.05) than that of heifers grazing EN. Serum urea-N concentrations (SUN) tended to differ among treatments (P = 0.10) and there was a treatment x year interaction (P = 0.05). During yr 1 through 3, SUN did not differ (P > 0.15) among treatments. However, as the stands aged, E- had a greater invasion of other plant species, which increased the CP content of the sward, thus causing heifers grazing E- during yr 5 to have greater (P < 0.01) SUN than heifers grazing E+ and EN, which did not differ (P = 0.89). Forage disappearance (DM basis) did not differ (P = 0.75) among treatments and was 4.7, 4.7, and 5.0 kg/animal daily (SEM 0.27) for E+, E-, and EN, respectively. Body weight gain per hectare was greater (P = 0.04) for E+ (257 kg) than for E- (220 kg) or EN (228 kg). In most years, animal grazing days on E+ were greater than those on E- or EN. However, in yr 5, animal grazing days did not differ (P > 0.20) among treatments. The use of stockpiled E+ as a source of low-cost winter feed is a viable option for producers, whereas grazing of EN may be more beneficial during the spring and fall, when more severe negative effects of ergot alkaloids have been observed.}, number={3}, journal={JOURNAL OF ANIMAL SCIENCE}, author={Drewnoski, M. E. and Oliphant, E. J. and Marshall, B. T. and Poore, M. H. and Green, J. T. and Hockett, M. E.}, year={2009}, month={Mar}, pages={1034–1041} }
 @article{freeman_poore_huntington_middleton_2008, title={Evaluation of secondary protein nutrients as a substitute for soybean meal in diets for beef steers and meat goats}, volume={86}, ISSN={["0021-8812"]}, DOI={10.2527/jas.2006-0698}, abstractNote={Finding appropriate disposal techniques for waste products is one of many challenges facing the poultry-processing industry. One waste generated in significant quantities is dissolved air floatation sludge, a product of wastewater treatment. Converting dissolved air floatation sludge into a dry feed product (meal) for incorporation into livestock feed appears to be a viable solution. This meal, called secondary protein nutrients (SPN), is high in protein (45% CP), fat (28% crude fat), and minerals. The protein consists of 85% B(2) and B(3) fractions, which are moderately to slowly degradable in the rumen, and therefore may potentially escape ruminal degradation and be available for digestion in the lower gastrointestinal tract. The goal of this research was to evaluate SPN as an alternative to traditional protein sources for ruminants by substituting it on an equivalent N basis for soybean meal in cattle and meat goat diets (0, 25, 50, 75, and 100% for cattle; 0, 20, and 40% for goats). When included in corn silage-based steer diets, increasing SPN resulted in linear and quadratic declines in both DMI and ADG (P < 0.001). Dry matter intake diminished with inclusion rates above 50%, and ADG were reduced after inclusion of SPN reached 25% of added N. Feed efficiency (the reciprocal of the efficiency of gain, which is represented by G:F) declined linearly (P < 0.001) with each incremental increase in SPN. Addition of up to 40% added N as SPN in goat diets caused no change in DMI, digestibility of DM or fiber, or N retention. Ruminal VFA concentrations showed little variation in either species. Increasing the proportion of SPN in the feed caused linear declines in ruminal NH(3) in steers (P < 0.001). Increasing SPN in goat diets, however, resulted in only a trend toward reductions of this parameter (P = 0.14). The decreases observed may have resulted from decreasing ruminal protein degradability or increasing fat caused by increasing the proportion of SPN in the feed. Urinary urea N as a percentage of urinary N showed significant declines in cattle, but not in goats, over the ranges of SPN offered. These results indicate that SPN can be included in diets for ruminants to supply up to 40% of supplemental N with little negative impact on animal performance.}, number={1}, journal={JOURNAL OF ANIMAL SCIENCE}, author={Freeman, S. R. and Poore, M. H. and Huntington, G. B. and Middleton, T. F.}, year={2008}, month={Jan}, pages={146–158} }
 @article{butler_ranells_franklin_poore_green_2008, title={Runoff water quality from manured riparian grasslands with contrasting drainage and simulated grazing pressure}, volume={126}, ISSN={0167-8809}, url={http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.agee.2008.02.004}, DOI={10.1016/j.agee.2008.02.004}, abstractNote={Globally,management ofgrazedriparian areasiscriticallyimportanttoagriculturalsustainabilityandenvironmentalquality.However,the potential impacts of riparian grazing management on water quality are not well-documented, particularly in the southeastern USA. The objective of this work was to determine sediment and nutrient export under simulated rainfall from poorly drained and well-drained riparian soils where heavy or light grazing pressure by cattle was simulated. Plots were established on stands of existing vegetation to create grazing pressure treatments of (a) light-use (full ground cover, uncompacted), and with stands modified to establish (b) heavy-use (bare ground, compacted) treatments. Vegetation on poorly drained soils consisted of several typical wetland species (e.g., Pontederia cordata L., Juncus coriaceus Mackenzie) in the southeastern USA, whereas mixed tall fescue (Festuca arundinacea Schreb.)‐dallisgrass (Paspalum dilatatum Poir.) stands were the dominant vegetation on well-drained soils. Runoff volumewas generally greater from heavy-use than from light-use for poorly drained soils and for well-drained soils. Greater runoff volume was also observed from poorly drained soils compared to well-drained soils for both light-use and for heavy-use treatments. Light-use plots were remarkably effective at minimizing export of total suspended solids (TSS)onboth soils (<30 kg ha � 1 ). Mean total Kjeldahl P(TKP) exportwas fourfold greater from heavy-useplots than from light-use plots on both soils. While export of nitrate-nitrogen (NO3-N) was unaffected by grazing pressure and soil drainage, mean ammonium-nitrogen (NH4N) and total N (TN) export from poorly drained heavy-use plots was greater than fivefold that from well-drained light-use plots. Results indicate that livestock heavy-use areas in the riparian zone may export substantial TSS and nutrients, especially on poorly drained soils. However, when full ground cover is maintained on well-drained soils, TSS and nutrient losses may be limited. # 2008 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.}, number={3-4}, journal={Agriculture, Ecosystems & Environment}, publisher={Elsevier BV}, author={Butler, David M. and Ranells, Noah N. and Franklin, Dorcas H. and Poore, Matthew H. and Green, James T., Jr.}, year={2008}, month={Jul}, pages={250–260} }
 @article{bush_poore_rogers_altier_2007, title={Effect of stacking method on Salmonella elimination from recycled poultry bedding}, volume={98}, ISSN={["0960-8524"]}, DOI={10.1016/j.biortech.2006.02.017}, abstractNote={Recycled poultry bedding (RPB) is a protein and mineral supplement for cattle. Concerns regarding this product have arisen because of the perceived risk of transmitting potentially pathogenic organisms to cattle. This study’s primary objective was to assess survival of Salmonella in RPB stacked to a recommended height (2.13 m—DS-RPB), or a height of 0.76 m (SS-RPB). Dialysis bags containing RPB and Salmonella typhimurium were placed throughout stacks. Temperature was monitored daily using thermocouples attached to sample bags. After 21 days, sample bags were recovered. Ammonia analysis was performed from multiple sites in the stacks. Bag contents were cultured to determine viability of the salmonella inoculates. This trial demonstrated a wide variation of temperature within the stacks. Temperature near the edge of stacks changed with ambient temperature. Ammonia concentration in the RPB was highest at the top of the DS-RPB. Salmonella was eliminated in 98.7% of sites, with at least a 5-log reduction in the Salmonella organisms in sites where it was still viable.}, number={3}, journal={BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY}, author={Bush, Dawn J. and Poore, Matthew H. and Rogers, Glenn M. and Altier, Craig}, year={2007}, month={Feb}, pages={571–578} }
 @article{butler_ranells_franklin_poore_green_2007, title={Ground cover impacts on nitrogen export from manured riparian pasture}, volume={36}, ISSN={["0047-2425"]}, DOI={10.2134/jeq2006.0082}, abstractNote={ABSTRACT}, number={1}, journal={JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL QUALITY}, author={Butler, David M. and Ranells, Noah N. and Franklin, Dorcas H. and Poore, Matthew H. and Green, James T., Jr.}, year={2007}, pages={155–162} }
 @article{vibart_washburn_fellner_poore_green_brownie_2007, title={Varying endophyte status and energy supplementation of fresh tall fescue in continuous culture}, volume={132}, ISSN={["0377-8401"]}, DOI={10.1016/j.anifeedsci.2006.03.002}, abstractNote={Eight dual-flow continuous culture vessels (700 ml) were used to compare in vitro effects of toxic, endophyte-infected (E+), endophyte-free (E−), and non-toxic, endophyte-infected (EN) Jesup tall fescue (vegetative stage) on ruminal fermentation at 4 levels (0, 150, 300, and 450 g kg−1 DM) of concentrate supplementation (ground corn) for a total of 12 experimental diets in a randomized incomplete block design with 2 replicates. Each culture vessel was offered a total of 15 g DM d−1. Forage was fed in four equal portions (fed at 03:00, 09:00, 15:00, and 21:00 h); and corn was fed in two equal portions (fed at 09:00 and 21:00 h). Headspace gas and liquid samples were analyzed for methane, ruminal culture pH, ammonia–N, and volatile fatty acid production. Ammonia–N output (g d−1) varied by grass; EN had lower values compared to those of E+ and E−. Increasing the level of grain linearly decreased ruminal culture pH, ammonia–N, acetate production, and the acetate-to-propionate ratio, whereas propionate and butyrate production increased with higher grain supplementation. Ruminal fermentation was minimally altered by the presence of the endophyte; however, for the highest level of grain fed (450 g kg−1 DM fed) the methane production pattern for all three grasses was altered. In addition to having the lowest ruminal ammonia–N accumulation, the non-toxic, endophyte-infected fescue resulted in the lowest methane production measured.}, number={1-2}, journal={ANIMAL FEED SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY}, author={Vibart, R. E. and Washburn, S. P. and Fellner, V. and Poore, M. H. and Green, J. T., Jr. and Brownie, C.}, year={2007}, month={Jan}, pages={123–136} }
 @article{villarreal_cochran_rojas-bourrillon_murillo_munoz_poore_2006, title={Effect of supplementation with pelleted citrus pulp on digestibility and intake in beef cattle fed a tropical grass-based diet (Cynodon nlemfuensis)}, volume={125}, ISSN={["0377-8401"]}, DOI={10.1016/j.anifeedsci.2005.05.020}, abstractNote={Citrus pulp is an important by-product for sub-tropical and tropical ruminant animal production. In this study, three steers (average body weight = 324 ± 16 kg) were randomly assigned to three levels of pelleted citrus pulp (PCP) supplementation (0, 1.25, and 2.5 kg animal−1 d−1; as-fed) in a 3 × 3 Latin square design to evaluate its effects on forage intake, digestion, and ruminal pH. The basal diet was stargrass (Cynodon nlemfuensis) harvested and chopped every day and fed fresh. Supplementation with increasing amounts of PCP tended (P≤0.10) to result in a linear increase in digestibility of total diet dry matter (DM) and organic matter (OM), but no effects were noticed for digestibility of forage DM or total diet neutral detergent fiber. Forage DM intake decreased linearly (P=0.03) with increasing PCP supplementation, although the decrease tended (quadratic; P=0.08) to be of greater magnitude at the highest level of supplementation. Both a linear increase (P<0.01) and a quadratic trend (greatest increase with first level of supplementation; P=0.09) were also observed for intake of total digestible OM. Average ruminal pH was between 6.6 and 7.2 and was not affected (P=0.29) by supplementation treatment. Although supplementation with PCP depressed forage consumption somewhat, little effect on forage digestion was observed. The provision of digestible OM in the form of supplement was greater than that lost via depressed forage consumption, resulting in an overall increase in energy supply. Our results suggest that high levels of citrus pulp to beef cattle can lower forage intake, but increase total energy intake. High levels of citrus pulp supplementation could be beneficial in combination with forages high in rumen dagradable protein. Systems using grasses with higher ruminally degradable protein content than we used, may benefit from this extra supply of energy which should be tested in a further experiment.}, number={1-2}, journal={ANIMAL FEED SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY}, author={Villarreal, M and Cochran, RC and Rojas-Bourrillon, A and Murillo, O and Munoz, H and Poore, M}, year={2006}, month={Jan}, pages={163–173} }
 @article{butler_franklin_ranells_poore_green_2006, title={Ground cover impacts on sediment and phosphorus export from manured riparian pasture}, volume={35}, DOI={10.2134/ieq2005.0351}, number={6}, journal={Journal of Environmental Quality}, author={Butler, D. M. and Franklin, D. H. and Ranells, N. N. and Poore, M. H. and Green, J. T.}, year={2006}, pages={2178–2185} }
 @article{poore_scott_green_2006, title={Performance of beef heifers grazing stockpiled fescue as influenced by supplemental whole cottonseed}, volume={84}, ISSN={["0021-8812"]}, DOI={10.2527/2006.8461613x}, abstractNote={The objectives of this study were to determine the composition of stockpiled fescue from December through February over 2 yr and to determine the performance of heifers grazing stockpiled fescue with or without supplemental whole cottonseed. In early December, 36 heifers (initial BW 277 +/- 0.70 kg, yr 1; 266 +/- 2.2 kg, yr 2; and initial BCS of 5.0 +/- 0.04) were assigned randomly to 6 groups. Each group was assigned randomly to a 2.4-ha tall fescue pasture (98% endophyte infected), which had received 76 kg of N/ha on September 1. Group was the experimental unit for all measures. Forage DM available during grazing (to ground level) averaged 3,913 and 5,370 kg/ha in yr 1 and 2, respectively. The pasture was strip-grazed for 83 d, with daily forage allocation. Three groups were fed whole cottonseed (0.90 kg of DM/heifer; 24.4% CP, DM basis) daily at 0.33% of BW, and a small amount of a corn-based concentrate (0.19 kg of DM/heifer) to assure complete cottonseed consumption. Nutritive value of forage (dry basis) was determined each week by sampling each pasture to the 5-cm target grazing height. Forage disappearance was estimated every 2 wk from pre- and postgraze forage mass. Forage CP was 16.8% in yr 1 and 12.6% in yr 2. In vitro true organic matter digestibility (IVTOMD) was 82.0 and 71.9%, and ADF was 25.9 and 30.7% in yr 1 and 2, respectively. Most indicators of forage quality declined slightly through the winter, although they recovered in late winter in yr 1. The proportion of fescue that was green declined (P < 0.05) from December (79% in yr 1 and 64% in yr 2) to February (62% in yr 1 and 52% in yr 2). Green tissue averaged 20.4 and 15.2% CP, 91 and 87% IVTOMD, and 22.1 and 23.3% ADF in yr 1 and 2, respectively. Brown tissue averaged 10.3 and 8.5% CP, 64 and 62% IVTOMD, and 35.7 and 37.4% ADF in yr 1 and 2, respectively. Shrunk ADG (0.46 vs. 0.56 kg/d in yr 1 and 0.23 vs. 46 kg/d in yr 2) and change in BCS (- 0.03 vs. 0.33 in yr 1 and 0.13 vs. 0.5 in yr 2) was greater (P < 0.05) for supplemented heifers. Supplemented heifers had greater serum urea nitrogen in yr 1 (9.5 vs. 10.5 mg/dL; P < 0.07) and yr 2 (7.2 vs. 8.6 mg/dL; P < 0.01). Forage disappearance was similar between supplemented and unsupplemented heifers (3.19 vs. 3.39 kg.heifer(-1).d(-1) in yr 1 and 4.14 vs. 4.17 kg.heifer(-1).d(-1) in yr 2, respectively). Heifers responded to supplementation, but performance was lower than expected based on forage nutrient content.}, number={6}, journal={JOURNAL OF ANIMAL SCIENCE}, author={Poore, MH and Scott, ME and Green, JT}, year={2006}, month={Jun}, pages={1613–1625} }
 @article{bertone_green_washburn_poore_watson_2006, title={The contribution of tunneling dung beetles to pasture soil nutrition}, ISBN={1547-4631}, DOI={10.1094/fg-2006-0711-02-rs}, abstractNote={A highly quality printing of images such as photographs, designs, and the like, is effected without using special paper. The following is provided: a supply mechanism for supplying a recording medium; means for applying a surface modifier for coating the surface modifier on the surface modification area, which is the area to be the modified of the recording medium supplied with the aforementioned means for supplying; and means for drying for drying the surface modification area coated on the aforementioned surface modification area. An area can be printed on the surface modification area with high quality. As such, high quality printing is made possible with regular paper, without using special paper, as before.}, journal={Forage and Grazinglands}, author={Bertone, M. A. and Green, J. T. and Washburn, S. P. and Poore, M. H. and Watson, D. W.}, year={2006}, pages={1} }
 @article{matthews_poore_huntington_green_2005, title={Intake, digestion, and N metabolism in steers fed endophyte-free, ergot alkaloid-producing endophyte-infected, or nonergot alkaloid-producing endophyte-infected fescue hayI}, volume={83}, DOI={10.2527/2005.8351179x}, abstractNote={A digestion and N balance trial was conducted to compare effects of traditional endophyte-infected (E+), endophyte-free (E-), and nontoxic endophyte infected (NE; MaxQ; Pennington Seed, Inc., Madison, GA) Jesup tall fescue (Festuca arundinacea Schreb.) hay on digestion and N retention in steers. Hay composition (DM basis) was as follows: E+ (10.8% CP, 59.9% NDF, and 29.4% ADF), E- (11.8% CP, 58.5% NDF, and 28.4% ADF), and NE (11.6% CP, 58.6% NDF, and 28.3% ADF). Eight Polled Hereford steers (initial BW 240 +/- 9 kg) were used in a replicated, 3 x 3 Latin square design, with an extra steer allotted to each square. Steers were fed ad libitum for 14 d, followed by a 9-d adaptation to restricted intake (based on the animal with the lowest ad libitum intake for the square) and a 5-d fecal and urine collection. Water intake (20.2 L/d) and urine output (7.40 L/d) did not differ (P > 0.10) during the collection period. Plasma prolactin concentration was less (P < 0.05) for steers on the E+ hay (8.83 ng/mL) than for those on the E- hay (18.03 ng/mL) and intermediate for steers on the NE hay (12.65 ng/mL). Endophyte-infected hay differed (P < 0.05) from E- and NE in ad libitum DMI (5.02 vs. 5.62 and 5.61 kg/d, respectively) and ad libitum DMI as a percentage of BW (1.86 vs. 2.06 and 2.06%, respectively). Restricted DMI during the fecal and urine collection was lower (P < 0.05) for E+ hay than for E- (5.04 vs. 5.24 kg/d), and NE was intermediate (5.19 kg/d). Dry matter digestibility was lower (P < 0.05) for E+ compared with E- and NE (62.3 vs. 67.0 and 65.9%, respectively). Digestibility of ADF was lower (P < 0.05) for E+ than for E-, and was intermediate for NE (61.5, 66.0, and 63.9%, respectively). There were no differences for NDF, cellulose, or hemicellulose digestibilities among hay types. Crude protein digestibility was higher (P < 0.05) for E- and NE than for E+ (54.3 and 52.5 vs. 48.1%, respectively). Nitrogen retention was lower (P < 0.01) for E+ than for E- or NE (15.6 vs. 22.7 or 23.0 g/d, respectively). Hay type did not influence plasma urea N, urine urea N output, or urine urea N as a percentage of urinary N. Results from this study indicate that E+ tall fescue hay was lower in ad libitum DMI, DM digestibility, and N retention than NE or E- hays with similar chemical composition. Hay from NE and E- fescue had nearly identical composition, and did not differ for any variable measured.}, number={5}, journal={Journal of Animal Science}, author={Matthews, A. K. and Poore, M. H. and Huntington, G. B. and Green, J. T.}, year={2005}, pages={1179–1185} }
 @article{magee_poore_burns_huntington_2005, title={Nitrogen metabolism in beef steers fed gamagrass or orchardgrass hay with or without a supplement}, volume={85}, ISSN={["1918-1825"]}, DOI={10.4141/a04-045}, abstractNote={ A 50:50 soybean hull:corn grain supplement fed at 0.75% of body weight (BW) decreased ad libitum gamagrass or orchardgrass hay intake by steers, but increased total dry matter (DM) intake, DM digestibility, N intake, and N retained. Supplementation had a greater effect on N metabolism in steers fed orchardgrass than steers fed gamagrass. Key words: Steers, beef, hulls, soybean, metabolism, nitrogen }, number={1}, journal={CANADIAN JOURNAL OF ANIMAL SCIENCE}, author={Magee, KJ and Poore, MH and Burns, JC and Huntington, GB}, year={2005}, month={Mar}, pages={107–109} }
 @article{thibodeau_poore_hagler_rogers_2004, title={Effect of fermentation on sweetpotato (Ipomoea batatas) toxicity in mice}, volume={52}, ISSN={["1520-5118"]}, DOI={10.1021/jf034885k}, abstractNote={Unfortunate bovine fatalities occurring after ingestion of mold-damaged sweetpotatoes preclude the use of the culled tubers in livestock feed. In cattle, mold-damaged sweetpotatoes induce an acute respiratory distress syndrome resulting in asphyxiation. Because of this potential toxicity and the general abundance of culled sweetpotatoes, the detoxification efficacy of ensiling was explored since it is an easy and economically viable technique often applied to preserve livestock feed. Sweetpotato slices with or without mold damage were stored either frozen (to represent unfermented samples) or fermented for 6 weeks at room temperature. Following fermentation, organic extracts were generated for administration to mice. Thirty hours following administration of the extracts, mice were evaluated for gross and microscopic lesions affecting the lungs, liver, and kidneys. Fermentation of 6 weeks duration was observed to inadequately eliminate the lung, liver, and kidney toxicity caused by mold-damaged sweetpotatoes. In fact, fermentation exacerbated the hepatotoxicity of mold-damaged sweetpotatoes. This is also the first demonstration that sweetpotato regions lacking visible mold damage can induce lung and kidney injury, which, however, is preventable by fermentation.}, number={2}, journal={JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY}, author={Thibodeau, MS and Poore, MH and Hagler, WM and Rogers, GM}, year={2004}, month={Jan}, pages={380–384} }
 @article{capucille_poore_rogers_2004, title={Growing and finishing performance of steers when fed recycled poultry bedding during the growing period}, volume={82}, DOI={10.2527/2004.82103038x}, abstractNote={Sixty Angus-cross steers were used to compare the effects of recycled poultry bedding (RPB) stacking method and the inclusion of monensin in growing diets on performance. Steers were individually fed balanced, growing diets for a period of 84 d. The diets were control (CON), CON + monensin (CON+M), deep-stacked RPB (DS), DS+M, shallow-stacked RPB (SS), and SS+M. The CON diets contained corn, soybean meal, corn silage, and cottonseed hulls. In the RPB diets, 35% of the silage, cottonseed hulls, and soybean meal was replaced with RPB (as-fed basis). At the end of the growing period, 30 steers, representing all treatment groups, had liver biopsies for trace mineral analysis and ruminal fluid samples to assess pH, VFA, and ammonia concentrations. All steers had blood samples drawn at the end of the growing period for analysis of Se and urea N. Steers were transported 466.6 km to simulate shipping stress and started on a finishing diet for a 120-d period. Intake, ADG, and G:F were monitored throughout the trial. Steers fed CON diets had higher ADG, DMI, and G:F than SS, and higher ADG and G:F than DS (P < 0.05) during the growing period. Steers fed DS diets had higher DMI than SS (P < 0.05) during the growing period. Inclusion of monensin in the growing diets increased G:F and decreased DMI (P < 0.05). Steers from the RPB treatments started the finishing period at lighter BW than steers fed CON diets (P < 0.05). During the finishing period, steers fed SS diets had higher DMI than steers fed CON diets (P < 0.06), whereas steers fed DS diets were intermediate. At slaughter, steers fed CON diets had higher hot carcass weights and quality grades than steers fed SS diets (P < 0.07), whereas steers fed DS diets were intermediate. Results indicate that steers fed RPB consumed it better when processed by deep stacking before consumption, that carryover effects of RPB into the finishing phase were minimal, and inclusion of monensin did not affect consumption of RPB diets.}, number={10}, journal={Journal of Animal Science}, author={Capucille, D. J. and Poore, M. H. and Rogers, G. M.}, year={2004}, pages={3038–3048} }
 @article{levy_gookin_poore_birkenheuer_dykstra_litaker_2003, title={Tritrichomonas foetus and not Pentatrichomonas hominis is the etiologic agent of feline trichomonal diarrhea}, volume={89}, ISSN={["1937-2345"]}, DOI={10.1645/0022-3395(2003)089[0099:TFANPH]2.0.CO;2}, abstractNote={Recently, several investigators have reported large-bowel diarrhea in cats associated with intestinal trichomonad parasites. These reports have presumptively identified the flagellates as Pentatrichomonas hominis, an organism putatively capable of infecting the intestinal tracts of a number of mammalian hosts, including cats, dogs, and man. The purpose of the present study was to determine the identity of this recently recognized flagellate by means of rRNA gene sequence analysis; restriction enzyme digest mapping; and light, transmission, and scanning electron microscopy (SEM).}, number={1}, journal={JOURNAL OF PARASITOLOGY}, author={Levy, MG and Gookin, JL and Poore, M and Birkenheuer, AJ and Dykstra, MJ and Litaker, RW}, year={2003}, month={Feb}, pages={99–104} }
 @article{gookin_foster_poore_stebbins_levy_2003, title={Use of a commercially available culture system for diagnosis of Tritrichomonas foetus infection in cats}, volume={222}, url={https://doi.org/10.2460/javma.2003.222.1376}, DOI={10.2460/javma.2003.222.1376}, abstractNote={Abstract}, number={10}, journal={JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN VETERINARY MEDICAL ASSOCIATION}, author={Gookin, JL and Foster, DM and Poore, MF and Stebbins, ME and Levy, MG}, year={2003}, month={May}, pages={1376–1379} }
 @article{rogers_poore_2002, title={Alternative feeds for beef cattle}, volume={18}, ISSN={["0749-0720"]}, DOI={10.1016/S0749-0720(02)00024-5}, number={2}, journal={VETERINARY CLINICS OF NORTH AMERICA-FOOD ANIMAL PRACTICE}, author={Rogers, GM and Poore, MH}, year={2002}, month={Jul}, pages={XI-XII} }
 @article{moore_poore_luginbuhl_2002, title={By-product feeds for meat goats: Effects on digestibility, ruminal environment, and carcass characteristics}, volume={80}, DOI={10.2527/2002.8071752x}, abstractNote={Crossbred wether goats (n = 24; 50% Boer, 6 per diet) initially averaging 27.4+/-0.4 kg were fed either wheat middlings (wheat midds), soybean hulls (soyhulls), or corn gluten feed at 1% BW (as-fed) along with orchardgrass hay (10.7% CP) offered to ad-libitum consumption for 72 d followed by 5 d total fecal collection. The Control (hay) diet was supplemented with 5.7% soybean meal to bring total dietary protein to 12.5%, by-products were brought to a higher Ca:P ratio with limestone or dicalcium phosphate to make total dietary Ca:P 1.5:1, and soybean meal was added to soyhulls to bring them up to 17% CP (wheat midds = 17% and corn gluten feed = 21% CP). Total DMI (916 g/d+/-57 or 3.2%+/-0.2 BW) did not differ (P > 0.92) among treatments. Initial BW (P = 0.25), final BW (P = 0.48), and ADG (P = 0.56) did not differ for the four treatments. Carcass weight was greater (P = 0.05) for goats fed soyhulls (16.0 kg) or wheat midds (15.6 kg) as compared with goats fed the hay diet (14.5 kg), with carcass weight from goats fed corn gluten feed being intermediate (15.3 kg, SEM = 0.3 kg). Carcass grade did not differ (P = 0.80) and averaged 5.42+/-0.4. Dressing percentage tended (P = 0.12) to be lower for goats fed the hay diet (46.4%) compared with soyhull (48.3%), corn gluten feed (48.3%), or wheat midd (48.8%) diets (SEM = 0.7). Ruminal pH was highest (P < 0.01) for goats fed the hay diet (6.52) and lowest for goats fed wheat midds (6.23) with soyhull (6.41) and corn gluten feed diets (6.35) being intermediate (SEM = 0.05). Digestibility of DM (70.1+/-2.5%), OM (70.3+/-2.6%,), CP (75.5+/-2.0%), GE (68.5+/-2.7%), NDF (68.1+/-3.0%), ADF (65.4+/-3.4%), cellulose (70.1+/-2.9%), and lignin (31.1+/-8.2%) did not differ (P > 0.15). Total ruminal VFA did not differ (86.0+/-6.1 mM, P = 0.59), but acetate:propionate ratio was higher (P < 0.01) for hay (3.1) and soyhull diets (3.3) than for corn gluten feed (2.4) and wheat midd diets (2.4, SEM = 0.11). Ruminal ammonia (mg/100 mL) was lower (P < 0.01) for goats fed hay (15.4) and soyhull diets (11.6) than those fed corn gluten feed (25.2) and wheat midd diets (23.0, SEM = 1.35). Ruminal pH was lower for goats fed the byproducts, but remained above 6. Serum urea nitrogen (mg/100 mL) averaged 21.0+/-1.0 (P = 0.11) with soyhulls tending to be lowest (19.3) and corn gluten feed tending to be highest (22.8). Soyhulls, corn gluten feed, and wheat midds appear to be viable feed ingredients for meat goat diets.}, number={7}, journal={Journal of Animal Science}, author={Moore, J. A. and Poore, M. H. and Luginbuhl, J. M.}, year={2002}, pages={1752–1758} }
 @article{poore_2002, title={Dedication - Bill Kunkle (1947-2002)}, volume={18}, ISSN={["0749-0720"]}, DOI={10.1016/s0749-0720(02)00025-7}, number={2}, journal={VETERINARY CLINICS OF NORTH AMERICA-FOOD ANIMAL PRACTICE}, author={Poore, MH}, year={2002}, month={Jul}, pages={XIII-XIII} }
 @article{capucille_poore_altier_rogers_2002, title={Evaluation of Salmonella shedding in cattle fed recycled poultry bedding}, volume={36}, ISBN={0524-1685}, number={1}, journal={Bovine Practitioner}, author={Capucille, D. J. and Poore, M. H. and Altier, C. and Rogers, G. M.}, year={2002}, pages={15} }
 @article{rogers_poore_paschal_2002, title={Feeding cotton products to cattle}, volume={18}, ISSN={["1558-4240"]}, DOI={10.1016/S0749-0720(02)00020-8}, abstractNote={Despite the potential for gossypol toxicosis (particularly in pre-ruminants) and risk factors associated with impaired fertility in bulls, cottonseed products offer a safe alternative feed for cattle producers when fed at recommended levels. Beef producers seeking to lower production costs should consider using cotton byproducts in their feeding programs. If carefully incorporated, cotton byproduct feeds can reduce feed costs while maintaining or increasing the level of cattle performance. Cottonseed meal will remain a standard protein supplement for beef cattle throughout the country. Whole cottonseed has much potential for Southern producers near cotton gins if it is purchased in a timely fashion and fed according to recommendations. Cotton gin trash, cottonseed hulls, and cotton textile mill waste also have potential economic benefits, especially to producers located near cotton and cottonseed processing facilities.}, number={2}, journal={VETERINARY CLINICS OF NORTH AMERICA-FOOD ANIMAL PRACTICE}, author={Rogers, GM and Poore, MH and Paschal, JC}, year={2002}, month={Jul}, pages={267-+} }
 @article{thibodeau_poore_rogers_2002, title={Health and production aspects of feeding sweetpotato to cattle}, volume={18}, ISSN={["1558-4240"]}, DOI={10.1016/S0749-0720(02)00022-1}, abstractNote={If certain guidelines are followed when feeding sweetpotatoes to livestock it is possible to minimize health hazards. Careful herd management and the recognition of specific biomarkers such as excessive dental deterioration could aid in the early identification of feed problems. Where these tubers are produced locally in abundance there can be an economic and environmental incentive to divert waste sweetpotato by-products toward livestock feed. The feeding of culled sweetpotatoes and processed sweetpotato waste by-products can have three major benefits. First, expensive disposal costs are reduced. Second, negative environmental impacts from landfill dumping and crop spreading are limited. Third, the culled sweetpotatoes and SPCW offer an inexpensive and nutritious alternative feed ration for livestock that may increase economic returns.}, number={2}, journal={VETERINARY CLINICS OF NORTH AMERICA-FOOD ANIMAL PRACTICE}, author={Thibodeau, MS and Poore, MH and Rogers, GM}, year={2002}, month={Jul}, pages={349-+} }
 @article{watson_stringham_denning_washburn_poore_meier_2002, title={Managing the horn fly (Diptera : Muscidae) using an electric walk-through fly trap}, volume={95}, ISSN={["1938-291X"]}, DOI={10.1603/0022-0493-95.5.1113}, abstractNote={An electric walk-through ßy trap was evaluated for the management of the horn ßy, Hematobia irritans (L.), on dairy cattle in North Carolina over 2 yr. The trap relies on black lights and electrocution grids to attract and kill ßies that are brushed from the cattle passing through. During the Þrst season, horn ßy densities were reduced from 1,400 to 200 ßies per animal. Horn ßy density averaged 269.2 25.8 on cattle using the walk-through ßy trap twice daily, and 400.2 43.5 on the control group during the Þrst year. The second year, seasonal mean horn ßy density was 177.3 10.8 on cattle using the walk-through ßy trap compared with 321.1 15.8 on the control group. No insecticides were used to control horn ßies during this 2-yr study.}, number={5}, journal={JOURNAL OF ECONOMIC ENTOMOLOGY}, author={Watson, DW and Stringham, SM and Denning, SS and Washburn, SP and Poore, MH and Meier, A}, year={2002}, month={Oct}, pages={1113-+} }
 @article{rankins_poore_capucille_rogers_2002, title={Recycled poultry bedding as cattle feed}, volume={18}, DOI={10.1016/S0749-0720(02)00015-4}, abstractNote={Since the 1950s, recycled poultry bedding has been used as an economical feedstuff for beef cattle. It has been extensively studied at several experiment stations around the world with regard to its safety and nutritional aspects. It will continue to be closely scrutinized as the public increases its awareness of agricultural issues. As this study was being prepared, the news media was "spotlighting" bovine spongiform encephalopathy. Currently, in the United States there is a ban on incorporation of mammalian-derived protein feeds into ruminant diets. This has led to a requirement of beef cattle producers signing affidavits indicating that they had met this obligation. Some poultry companies use ruminant meat and bone meal in broiler diets when least-cost formulation indicates that it is economically desirable. This then poses the question of whether feeding RPB to beef cattle should be permitted if the birds had been fed ruminant meat and bone meal. It also raises the question of whether cattle grazing pastures fertilized with RPB are exposed to ruminant meat and bone meal. Because of the importance of pasture fertilization as a waste disposal solution for the poultry industry, it seems that the issue will be quickly resolved by omitting the ruminant meat and bone meal from poultry diets should concerns increase. Use of RPB, like many byproduct feeds, requires a higher level of management expertise than traditional feeds. Despite the potential problems discussed in this study, an informed beef cattle producer can gain a financially competitive edge by using RPB. A simple processing method, deep-stacking under polyethylene sheeting, can produce a safe product that will provide a complete diet when blended with an energy source and supplemented with some long-stem fiber. The diets can be used for both brood cows and stocker calves for extended periods of time, and the practice of feeding RPB is safe for both cattle and consumers [45]. Economic parameters will influence the future use of RPB; however, the general public's perception and acceptance will ultimately determine its long-term use.}, number={2}, journal={Veterinary Clinics of North America. Food Animal Practice}, author={Rankins, D. L. and Poore, M. H. and Capucille, D. J. and Rogers, G. M.}, year={2002}, pages={253-} }
 @article{poore_johns_burris_2002, title={Soybean hulls, wheat middlings, and corn gluten feed as supplements for cattle on forage-based diets}, volume={18}, ISSN={["0749-0720"]}, DOI={10.1016/S0749-0720(02)00021-X}, abstractNote={Soybean hulls, wheat midds, and corn gluten feed are viable alternative supplements for forage-fed cattle. All three result from the processing of major Unites States agricultural crops, so large supplies are available. Their value is better for ruminant animals than for monogastrics because they contain digestible fiber components. These byproducts are widely available throughout the Unites States and will generally be more economical than traditional feed grains or commercial feeds when used appropriately as supplements to forage-based diets. Knowledge about the composition of base forage must be used in planning supplementation strategies because base forages vary in protein and mineral content [9]. Soybean hulls alone may be a good selection in situations in which forages are adequate or high in protein. In situations where forage is marginal or deficient in protein, wheat midds, corn gluten feed, or a mix of soybean hulls and corn gluten feed might be most desirable. All three feeds can be variable in nutrient composition, so they should be analyzed to ensure a balanced nutrient level in diets. Soybean hulls are especially variable in crude protein content and should always be analyzed when forages are marginal or deficient in protein. Despite the fact that published energy levels are substantially lower, research has shown that soybean hulls and wheat midds have a value comparable to corn and soybean meal in forage-based diets. Corn gluten feed has also been comparable to corn and soybean meal in most reports but is closer in value to its published energy levels. In general, results with soybean hulls have been surprisingly good and consistent, whereas responses to wheat midds and corn gluten feed supplementation have been more variable and sometimes disappointing. Feeding rates for soybean hulls can range from low to extremely high depending on forage availability and desired performance. Wheat midds should be limited in most situations to 50% of the expected dry matter intake because of their rapidly digested starch content. Corn gluten feed should be limited to approximately 50% of expected dry matter intake because of its high sulfur content. Several research groups are currently evaluating self-feeding programs for these byproducts, and while the potential for health and production problems exist, results have been encouraging in most cases. Self-feeding would reduce the labor costs of hand feeding and could provide backgrounders with a program to expand cattle numbers on a limited land base.}, number={2}, journal={VETERINARY CLINICS OF NORTH AMERICA-FOOD ANIMAL PRACTICE}, author={Poore, MH and Johns, JT and Burris, WR}, year={2002}, month={Jul}, pages={213-+} }
 @article{hopkins_poore_2001, title={Deep-stacked broiler litter as a protein supplement for dairy replacement heifers}, volume={84}, ISSN={["0022-0302"]}, DOI={10.3168/jds.S0022-0302(01)74480-3}, abstractNote={Fifty Holstein dairy heifers, [two replications of 25 heifers; average body weight (BW) 227 kg], were assigned to one of the following treatments for 105 d. Treatments 1 through 4 are given as the percentage of supplemental crude protein (CP) from soybean meal and deep-stacked broiler litter, respectively: 1) 100 and 0%; 2) 67 and 33%; 3) 33 and 67%; 4) 0 and 100%; and 5) 67% of supplementary CP from deep-stacked broiler litter and 33% from a source of rumen undegradable protein (RUP). All rations were formulated to contain 15% CP and 68% TDN on a dry matter basis. Dry matter intake was not significantly different among treatments at 10.1, 10.2, 10.4, 9.4, and 9.1 kg/d for treatments 1 through 5, respectively. Average daily BW gains (1.35, 1.37, 1.28, 1.17, and 1.24 kg/d for treatments 1 through 5, respectively) decreased linearly as the level of litter feeding increased and was not influenced by increasing RUP in treatment 5. Feed efficiency was not affected by the level of deep-stacked broiler litter feeding. Ruminal ammonia and plasma urea nitrogen concentrations decreased linearly as the level of litter feeding increased. Feeding additional RUP decreased ruminal ammonia concentration in treatment 5 to a level similar to treatment 4. This suggests that the protein in deep-stacked broiler litter may be more undegradable than that in soybean meal and that RUP in broiler litter may be higher than previously thought. Results from this study indicate that deep-stacked broiler litter has potential as a low-cost CP source for growing dairy heifers.}, number={1}, journal={JOURNAL OF DAIRY SCIENCE}, author={Hopkins, BA and Poore, MH}, year={2001}, month={Jan}, pages={299–305} }
 @article{huntington_poore_hopkins_spears_2001, title={Effect of ruminal protein degradability on growth and N metabolism in growing beef steers}, volume={79}, DOI={10.2527/2001.792533x}, abstractNote={The objective of two experiments was to correlate plasma levels of urea N (PUN) and the percentage of urine N in the form of urea (UUN) to weight gain in response to different dietary protein regimens for growing Angus steers. In Exp. 1, 60 steers (302 kg BW) were assigned to various levels of dietary N (control plus supplemental N to provide from 100 to 400 g more crude protein daily) within two sources of supplemental N (soybean meal [SBM] or a mixture of two parts corn gluten meal:one part blood meal [CGM:BM]). In Exp. 2, 27 steers (229 kg BW) were fed two levels of SBM, and half of the steers received growth-promoting implants. Steers were housed in groups of 12 and fed individually for 84 d in both experiments. Corn silage was fed at a restricted rate to minimize orts. Jugular blood and urine samples were collected during the experiments. In Exp. 1, maximal ADG of steers fed SBM (1.0 kg) was reached with 671 g/d total crude protein, or 531 g/d metabolizable protein. Maximal ADG of steers fed CGM:BM (0.91 kg) was reached with 589 g/d total crude protein, or 539 g/d metabolizable protein. The DMI was higher (P < 0.07) for steers fed SBM (6.37 kg/d) than for steers fed CGM:BM (6.14 kg/d). Increasing ruminal escape protein from 36% (SBM) to 65% (CGM:BM) of CP decreased (P < 0.05) endogenous production of urea, as evidenced by lower concentrations of urea in blood and lower UUN. In Exp. 2, increasing supplemental protein from 100 to 200 g/d increased (P < 0.05) ADG and PUN. Implants lowered (P < 0.05) UUN, particularly at the higher level of supplemental protein. Protein supplementation of growing steers can be managed to maintain acceptable ADG yet decrease excretion of urea in the urine.}, number={2}, journal={Journal of Animal Science}, author={Huntington, G. and Poore, M. and Hopkins, B. and Spears, J.}, year={2001}, pages={533–541} }
 @article{gookin_levy_law_papich_poore_breitschwerdt_2001, title={Experimental infection of cats with Tritrichomonas foetus}, volume={62}, ISSN={0002-9645}, url={http://dx.doi.org/10.2460/ajvr.2001.62.1690}, DOI={10.2460/ajvr.2001.62.1690}, abstractNote={Abstract}, number={11}, journal={American Journal of Veterinary Research}, publisher={American Veterinary Medical Association (AVMA)}, author={Gookin, Jody L. and Levy, Michael G. and Law, J. Mac and Papich, Mark G. and Poore, Matthew F. and Breitschwerdt, Edward B.}, year={2001}, month={Nov}, pages={1690–1697} }
 @article{luginbuhl_poore_spears_brown_2000, title={Effect of dietary copper level on performance and copper status of growing meat goats}, volume={16}, number={2000}, journal={Sheep & Goat Research Journal}, author={Luginbuhl, J. M. and Poore, M. H. and Spears, J. W. and Brown, T. T.}, year={2000}, pages={65–71} }
 @article{luginbuhl_poore_conrad_2000, title={Effect of level of whole cottonseed on intake, digestibility, and performance of growing male goats fed hay-based diets}, volume={78}, DOI={10.2527/2000.7861677x}, abstractNote={Twenty-four purebred Boer (Capra hircus hircus) and 12 male kids of 1/2 Boer breeding (initial BW 21 +/- .5 kg) were used in a randomized complete block design to study the effects of increasing level of whole cottonseed (WCS) on ADG, serum urea N, plasma gossypol, live grades, and intake of DM, CP, NDF, ADF, hemicellulose, cellulose, lignin, ether extract, and free gossypol. A subgroup of 16 purebred goats was used to determine digestibility using a 5-d total fecal collection. Goats were blocked by BW and then assigned at random to one of four diets containing 0, 8, 16, or 24% WCS. All diets contained 71% chopped orchardgrass (Dactylis glomerata L.) hay and 29% concentrate; WCS replaced corn and soybean meal to maintain calculated TDN and CP concentrations at 68 and 15% of DM, respectively. Concentrations of NDF in diet DM were 52.4, 55.9, 59.3, and 62.1% with increasing WCS, and the Ca:P ratio was maintained at 2:0. Goats were given ad libitum access to feed and water. Over the 90-d performance phase, DMI (P < .05), CP intake (P < .02), and ADG (P < .01) decreased linearly with increasing WCS in the diet, whereas ether extract (EE) intake increased in a cubic fashion (P < .01). Gain:feed decreased linearly (P < .02) with increasing level of WCS. Addition of WCS resulted in linear decreases in apparent digestibility coefficients of DM (P < .02) and NDF (P < .05), a linear increase in total plasma gossypol (P < .01), and a quadratic increase in serum urea N (P < .04). Apparent digestibility of CP was not affected by WCS level. At the 16 and 24% WCS levels, EE constituted 4.2 and 4.8% of total DMI, respectively. Adding WCS to diets for growing goats had detrimental effects on animal performance, and, based on the possible negative effects of dietary EE and NDF rather than gossypol, economics should dictate whether to use WCS in feeding programs.}, number={6}, journal={Journal of Animal Science}, author={Luginbuhl, J. M. and Poore, M. H. and Conrad, A. P.}, year={2000}, pages={1677–1683} }
 @article{use of goats to manage vegetation in cattle pastures in the appalachian region of north carolina_2000, volume={16}, number={2000}, journal={Sheep & Goat Research Journal}, year={2000}, pages={124–135} }
 @article{mueller_poore_skroch_1999, title={Damage assessment in Christmas tree plantations following vegetation control with sheep and geese}, volume={23}, number={1}, journal={Southern Journal of Applied Forestry}, author={Mueller, J.P. and Poore, M.H. and Skroch, W.A.}, year={1999}, pages={11–15} }
 @article{rogers_poore_ferko_brown_deaton_bawden_1999, title={Dental wear and growth performance in steers fed sweetpotato cannery waste}, volume={214}, number={5}, journal={Journal of the American Veterinary Medical Association}, author={Rogers, G. M. and Poore, M. H. and Ferko, B. L. and Brown, T. T. and Deaton, T. G. and Bawden, J. W.}, year={1999}, pages={681–687} }
 @article{ferko_poore_schultheis_rogers_1998, title={Feeding potato and sweetpotato byproducts to beef cattle}, volume={93}, number={1}, journal={Veterinary Medicine}, author={Ferko, B. L. and Poore, M. H. and Schultheis, J. R. and Rogers, G. M.}, year={1998}, pages={82-} }
 @article{luginbuhl_harvey_green_poore_mueller_1998, title={Use of goats as biological agents for the renovation of pastures in the Appalachian region of the United States}, volume={44}, ISSN={["0167-4366"]}, DOI={10.1023/A:1006250728166}, number={2-3}, journal={AGROFORESTRY SYSTEMS}, author={Luginbuhl, JM and Harvey, TE and Green, JT and Poore, MH and Mueller, JP}, year={1998}, pages={241–252} }
 @article{rogers_poore_1997, title={Dental effects of feeding sweet potato cannery waste in beef cattle}, volume={19}, number={1, suppl.}, journal={Compendium on Continuing Education for the Practicing Veterinarian}, author={Rogers, G. M. and Poore, M. H.}, year={1997}, pages={S41–46} }
 @article{rogers_poore_ferko_kusy_deaton_bawden_1997, title={In vitro effects of an acidic by product feed on bovine teeth}, volume={58}, number={5}, journal={American Journal of Veterinary Research}, author={Rogers, G. M. and Poore, M. H. and Ferko, B. L. and Kusy, R. P. and Deaton, T. G. and Bawden, J. W.}, year={1997}, pages={498–503} }
 @article{poore_rogers_1995, title={Feeding whole cottonseed and other cotton by-products to beef cattle}, volume={90}, number={11}, journal={Veterinary Medicine}, author={Poore, M. H. and Rogers, G.}, year={1995}, pages={1077} }