@article{maurer_seminoff_reiskind_stapleton_2024, title={Diverse migratory strategies for a hawksbill sea turtle population}, volume={1}, ISSN={["1099-0755"]}, url={http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/aqc.4080}, DOI={10.1002/aqc.4080}, abstractNote={Abstract}, journal={AQUATIC CONSERVATION-MARINE AND FRESHWATER ECOSYSTEMS}, author={Maurer, Andrew S. and Seminoff, Jeffrey A. and Reiskind, Martha O. Burford and Stapleton, Seth P.}, year={2024}, month={Jan} }
 @article{ponnusamy_travanty_watson_seagle_boyce_reiskind_2024, title={Microbiome of Invasive Tick Species Haemaphysalis Longicornis in North Carolina, USA}, volume={15}, ISSN={["2075-4450"]}, url={https://www.mdpi.com/2075-4450/15/3/153}, DOI={10.3390/insects15030153}, abstractNote={Ticks are one of the most important vectors of human and animal disease worldwide. In addition to pathogens, ticks carry a diverse microbiota of symbiotic and commensal microorganisms. In this study, we used next-generation sequencing (NGS) to survey the microbiomes of Haemaphysalis longicornis (Acari: Ixodidae) at different life stages collected from field populations in North Carolina (NC), USA. Sequence analyses were performed using QIIME2 with the DADA2 plugin and taxonomic assignments using the Greengenes database. Following quality filtering and rarefaction, the bacterial DNA sequences were assigned to 4795 amplicon sequence variants (ASVs) in 105 ticks. A core microbiome of H. longicornis was conserved across all ticks analyzed, and included bacterial taxa: Coxiella, Sphingomonas, Staphylococcus, Acinetobacter, Pseudomonas, Sphingomonadaceae, Actinomycetales, and Sphingobium. Less abundant bacterial taxa, including Rickettsia and Aeromonas, were also identified in some ticks. We discovered some ASVs that are associated with human and animal infections among the identified bacteria. Alpha diversity metrics revealed significant differences in bacterial diversity between life stages. Beta diversity metrics also revealed that bacterial communities across the three life stages were significantly different, suggesting dramatic changes in the microbiome as ticks mature. Based on these results, additional investigation is necessary to determine the significance of the Haemaphysalis longicornis microbiome for animal and human health.}, number={3}, journal={INSECTS}, author={Ponnusamy, Loganathan and Travanty, Nicholas V. and Watson, D. Wes and Seagle, Steven W. and Boyce, Ross M. and Reiskind, Michael H.}, year={2024}, month={Mar} }
 @article{abernathy_boyce_reiskind_2023, title={Exploring the effects of caffeine on Aedes albopictus (Diptera: Culicidae) survival and fecundity}, volume={4}, ISSN={["1938-2928"]}, DOI={10.1093/jme/tjad047}, abstractNote={Abstract}, journal={JOURNAL OF MEDICAL ENTOMOLOGY}, author={Abernathy, Haley A. and Boyce, Ross M. and Reiskind, Michael H.}, year={2023}, month={Apr} }
 @article{soghigian_sither_justi_morinaga_cassel_vitek_livdahl_xia_gloria-soria_powell_et al._2023, title={Phylogenomics reveals the history of host use in mosquitoes}, volume={14}, ISSN={["2041-1723"]}, DOI={10.1038/s41467-023-41764-y}, abstractNote={Abstract}, number={1}, journal={NATURE COMMUNICATIONS}, author={Soghigian, John and Sither, Charles and Justi, Silvia Andrade and Morinaga, Gen and Cassel, Brian K. and Vitek, Christopher J. and Livdahl, Todd and Xia, Siyang and Gloria-Soria, Andrea and Powell, Jeffrey R. and et al.}, year={2023}, month={Oct} }
 @article{michaud_iverson_reiskind_kearney_richards_2022, title={Brief Review of Japanese Encephalitis Virus: Recommendations Related to North Carolina Swine Farms and Wider Implications for Swine Farming}, url={https://www.mdpi.com/2673-6772/2/4/25}, DOI={10.3390/parasitologia2040025}, abstractNote={Japanese encephalitis virus (JEV) is a mosquito-borne virus primarily found in Asia and Australia and is one of the few with an associated human/animal vaccine. Swine are amplifying hosts and wading birds are reservoirs of JEV, while horses and humans are incidental hosts. The primary vector is Culex tritaeniorhynchus, a generalist blood feeder not found in the United States (US); secondary vectors (e.g., Cx. pipiens, Cx. quinquefasciatus, Aedes japonicus, Ae. vexans) are widespread in the US (including North Carolina [NC]). The risk of JEV to NC was investigated because of widespread swine production, human populations, bird hosts, and possible mosquito vectors; however, recommendations can also apply to other swine producing states and regions. A brief review was conducted to identify transmission competent arthropod vectors, vertebrate hosts, and vector-host interactions for JEV. NC and other areas may be at risk for JEV emergence because of factors such as active international trade, volume of swine production, permissive climate, and widespread occurrence of potential vector species. Improved knowledge of the spatial distribution of swine farms, tracking movement of live swine, assessment of vector competence/capacity and blood feeding habits of potential JEV vectors, investigation of a JEV sentinel surveillance system, and assessment of efficacy for current biosecurity and control measures is needed to protect public and veterinary health.}, journal={Parasitologia}, author={Michaud, Kenneth and Iverson, Guy and Reiskind, Michael and Kearney, Greg and Richards, Stephanie L.}, year={2022}, month={Nov} }
 @article{figurskey_hollingsworth_doyle_reiskind_2022, title={Effectiveness of autocidal gravid trapping and chemical control in altering abundance and age structure of Aedes albopictus}, volume={4}, ISSN={["1526-4998"]}, DOI={10.1002/ps.6917}, abstractNote={Abstract}, journal={PEST MANAGEMENT SCIENCE}, author={Figurskey, Anastasia C. and Hollingsworth, Brandon and Doyle, Michael S. and Reiskind, Michael H.}, year={2022}, month={Apr} }
 @article{reed_reiskind_reiskind_2022, title={Life-history stage and the population genetics of the tiger mosquito Aedes albopictus at a fine spatial scale}, volume={10}, ISSN={["1365-2915"]}, url={http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/mve.12618}, DOI={10.1111/mve.12618}, abstractNote={Abstract}, journal={MEDICAL AND VETERINARY ENTOMOLOGY}, publisher={Wiley}, author={Reed, Emily M. X. and Reiskind, Michael H. and Reiskind, Martha O. Burford}, year={2022}, month={Oct} }
 @article{abernathy_hollingsworth_giandomenico_moser_juliano_bowman_george_reiskind_boyce_2022, title={Prevalence of Knock-Down Resistance F1534S Mutations in Aedes albopictus (Skuse) (Diptera: Culicidae) in North Carolina}, volume={5}, ISSN={["1938-2928"]}, DOI={10.1093/jme/tjac054}, abstractNote={Abstract}, journal={JOURNAL OF MEDICAL ENTOMOLOGY}, author={Abernathy, Haley A. and Hollingsworth, Brandon D. and Giandomenico, Dana A. and Moser, Kara A. and Juliano, Jonathan J. and Bowman, Natalie M. and George, Phillip J. and Reiskind, Michael H. and Boyce, Ross M.}, year={2022}, month={May} }
 @article{reinbold-wasson_reiskind_2021, title={Comparative Skip-Oviposition Behavior Among Container Breeding Aedes spp. Mosquitoes (Diptera: Culicidae)}, volume={58}, ISSN={["1938-2928"]}, DOI={10.1093/jme/tjab084}, abstractNote={Abstract}, number={6}, journal={JOURNAL OF MEDICAL ENTOMOLOGY}, author={Reinbold-Wasson, Drew David and Reiskind, Michael Hay}, year={2021}, month={Nov}, pages={2091–2100} }
 @article{nunn_vining_chakraborty_reiskind_young_2021, title={Effects of host extinction and vector preferences on vector-borne disease risk in phylogenetically structured host-hector communities}, volume={16}, ISSN={["1932-6203"]}, DOI={10.1371/journal.pone.0256456}, abstractNote={Anthropogenic disturbance impacts the phylogenetic composition and diversity of ecological communities. While changes in diversity are known to dramatically change species interactions and alter disease dynamics, the effects of phylogenetic changes in host and vector communities on disease have been relatively poorly studied. Using a theoretical model, we investigated how phylogeny and extinction influence network structural characteristics relevant to disease transmission in disturbed environments. We modelled a multi-host, multi-vector community as a bipartite ecological network, where nodes represent host and vector species and edges represent connections among them through vector feeding, and we simulated vector preferences and threat status on host and parasite phylogenies. We then simulated loss of hosts, including phylogenetically clustered losses, to investigate how extinction influences network structure. We compared effects of phylogeny and extinction to those of host specificity, which we predicted to strongly increase network modularity and reduce disease prevalence. The simulations revealed that extinction often increased modularity, with higher modularity as species loss increased, although not as much as increasing host specificity did. These results suggest that extinction itself, all else being equal, may reduce disease prevalence in disturbed communities. However, in real communities, systematic patterns in species loss (e.g. favoring high competence species) or changes in abundance may counteract these effects. Unexpectedly, we found that effects of phylogenetic signal in host and vector traits were relatively weak, and only important when phylogenetic signal of host and vector traits were similar, or when these traits both varied.}, number={8}, journal={PLOS ONE}, author={Nunn, Charles L. and Vining, Alexander Q. and Chakraborty, Debapriyo and Reiskind, Michael H. and Young, Hillary S.}, year={2021} }
 @article{hopperstad_sallam_reiskind_2021, title={Estimations of Fine-Scale Species Distributions of Aedes aegypti and Aedes albopictus (Diptera: Culicidae) in Eastern Florida}, volume={58}, ISSN={["1938-2928"]}, url={http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/jme/tjaa216}, DOI={10.1093/jme/tjaa216}, abstractNote={Abstract}, number={2}, journal={JOURNAL OF MEDICAL ENTOMOLOGY}, publisher={Oxford University Press (OUP)}, author={Hopperstad, Kristen A. and Sallam, Mohamed F. and Reiskind, Michael H.}, editor={Hamer, GabrielEditor}, year={2021}, month={Mar}, pages={699–707} }
 @article{noden_cote_reiskind_talley_2021, title={Invasive Plants as Foci of Mosquito-Borne Pathogens: Red Cedar in the Southern Great Plains of the USA}, volume={10}, ISSN={["1612-9210"]}, DOI={10.1007/s10393-021-01562-8}, abstractNote={West Nile virus (WNV) is the most significant mosquito-borne disease affecting humans in the United States. Eastern redcedar (ERC) is a native encroaching plant in the southern Great Plains that greatly alters abiotic conditions and bird and mosquito populations. This study tested the hypotheses that mosquito communities and their likelihood of WNV infection differ between ERC and other habitats in the southern Great Plains of the United States. We found support for our first hypothesis, with significantly more Culex tarsalis and Culex erraticus in ERC than deciduous and grass habitats. Mosquito communities in Central Oklahoma were more diverse (21 species) than western Oklahoma (11 species) but this difference was not associated with vegetation. Our second hypothesis was also supported, with significantly more WNV-infected Culex from ERC in both regions, as was our third hypothesis, with significantly more Culex tarsalis and Culex pipiens collected in ERC than other habitats in urban areas. The connection of mosquito-borne disease with invasive plants suggests that land management initiatives can affect human health and should be considered in light of public health impact. Evidence from other vector-borne disease suggests invasive plants, both in the Great Plains and globally, may facilitate the transmission of vector-borne pathogens.}, journal={ECOHEALTH}, author={Noden, Bruce H. and Cote, Noel M. and Reiskind, Michael H. and Talley, Justin L.}, year={2021}, month={Oct} }
 @article{chen_deguenon_cave_denning_reiskind_watson_stewart_gittins_zheng_liu_et al._2021, title={New thinking for filth fly control: residual, non-chemical wall spray from volcanic glass}, volume={35}, ISSN={["1365-2915"]}, DOI={10.1111/mve.12521}, abstractNote={Abstract}, number={3}, journal={MEDICAL AND VETERINARY ENTOMOLOGY}, author={Chen, K. and Deguenon, J. M. and Cave, G. and Denning, S. S. and Reiskind, M. H. and Watson, D. W. and Stewart, D. A. and Gittins, D. and Zheng, Y. and Liu, X. and et al.}, year={2021}, month={Sep}, pages={451–461} }
 @article{nadai_maletzke_corbi_batista_reiskind_2021, title={The impact of body size on Aedes [Stegomyia] aegypti wingbeat frequency: implications for mosquito identification}, volume={7}, ISSN={["1365-2915"]}, DOI={10.1111/mve.12540}, abstractNote={Abstract}, journal={MEDICAL AND VETERINARY ENTOMOLOGY}, author={Nadai, B. L. and Maletzke, A. G. and Corbi, J. J. and Batista, G. E. A. P. A. and Reiskind, M. H.}, year={2021}, month={Jul} }
 @article{richards_byrd_reiskind_white_2020, title={Assessing Insecticide Resistance in Adult Mosquitoes: Perspectives on Current Methods}, volume={14}, ISBN={1178-6302}, url={http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1178630220952790}, DOI={10.1177/1178630220952790}, abstractNote={ Mosquito insecticide resistance (IR) is a growing global issue that must be addressed to protect public health. Vector control programs (VCPs) should regularly monitor local mosquito populations for IR and plan control measures accordingly. In some cases, state/federal resources financially support this testing with expertise and/or training programs. Standardization of methods (eg, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention bottle bioassay, World Health Organization tube testing, dose-mortality bioassay) for monitoring IR must be prioritized. One solution is regional hubs of IR monitoring at the state or other level. Training programs on methodology and interpretation of results should be developed and routinely offered to local VCPs conducting IR testing in mosquitoes. Here, current methods for assessing mosquito IR are discussed and insights into a variety of questions from VCPs are considered. It is critical that methods for IR monitoring and data interpretation are standardized through routine training, with the goal of evidence-driven decision making to improve control of mosquitoes and mosquito-borne disease. }, journal={ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH INSIGHTS}, publisher={SAGE Publications}, author={Richards, Stephanie L. and Byrd, Brian D. and Reiskind, Michael H. and White, Avian V}, year={2020}, month={Sep}, pages={117863022095279} }
 @article{day_richards_reiskind_doyle_byrd_2020, title={Context-Dependent Accuracy of the BG-Counter Remote Mosquito Surveillance Device in North Carolina}, volume={36}, url={http://dx.doi.org/10.2987/19-6903.1}, DOI={10.2987/19-6903.1}, abstractNote={ABSTRACT}, number={2}, journal={Journal of the American Mosquito Control Association}, publisher={The American Mosquito Control Association}, author={Day, Corey A. and Richards, Stephanie L. and Reiskind, Michael H. and Doyle, Michael S. and Byrd, Brian D.}, year={2020}, month={Jun}, pages={74–80} }
 @article{hollingsworth_hawkins_lloyd_reiskind_2020, title={Efficacy and Spatial Extent of Yard-Scale Control of Aedes (Stegomyia) albopictus (Diptera: Culicidae) Using Barrier Sprays and Larval Habitat Management}, volume={57}, url={http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/jme/tjaa016}, DOI={10.1093/jme/tjaa016}, abstractNote={Abstract}, number={4}, journal={Journal of Medical Entomology}, publisher={Oxford University Press (OUP)}, author={Hollingsworth, Brandon and Hawkins, Pete and Lloyd, Alun L and Reiskind, Michael H}, editor={Fonseca, DinaEditor}, year={2020}, month={Jul}, pages={1104–1110} }
 @article{spence beaulieu_federico_reiskind_2020, title={Mosquito diversity and dog heartworm prevalence in suburban areas}, volume={13}, ISSN={["1756-3305"]}, DOI={10.1186/s13071-019-3874-0}, abstractNote={Abstract}, number={1}, journal={PARASITES & VECTORS}, author={Spence Beaulieu, Meredith R. and Federico, Jennifer L. and Reiskind, Michael H.}, year={2020}, month={Jan} }
 @article{reiskind_styers_hayes_richards_doyle_reed_hollingsworth_byrd_2020, title={Short-Term, Large-Area Survey of ContainerAedes spp. (Diptera: Culicidae): Presence and Abundance is Associated with Fine-scale Landscape Factors in North Carolina, USA}, volume={14}, ISSN={["1178-6302"]}, url={http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1178630220952806}, DOI={10.1177/1178630220952806}, abstractNote={ Container Aedes mosquitoes are responsible for the transmission of anthroponotic and zoonotic viruses to people. The surveillance and control of these mosquitoes is an important part of public health protection and prevention of mosquito-borne disease. In this study, we surveyed 327 sites over 2 weeks in late June and early July in 2017 in North Carolina, USA for the presence and abundance of Aedes spp. eggs in an effort to better target potential Ae. aegypti collections. We examined the ability of 2 types of landscape data, Light Detection And Ranging (LIDAR) and National Land Cover Database (NLCD) to explain the presence and abundance of eggs using principal component analysis to deal with collinearity, followed by generalized linear regression. We explained variation of both egg presence and abundance for Aedes albopictus (Skuse) and Aedes triseriatus (Say) using both NLCD and LIDAR data. However, the ability to make robust predictions was limited by variation in the data. Increased sampling time and better landscape data would likely improve the predictive ability of our models, as would a better understanding of oviposition behavior. }, journal={ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH INSIGHTS}, publisher={SAGE Publications}, author={Reiskind, Michael H. and Styers, Diane M. and Hayes, Isaac and Richards, Stephanie L. and Doyle, Michael S. and Reed, Emily M. X. and Hollingsworth, Brandon and Byrd, Brian D.}, year={2020}, month={Sep} }
 @article{monaghan_schmidt_hayden_smith_reiskind_cabell_ernst_2019, title={A Simple Model to Predict the Potential Abundance of Aedes aegypti Mosquitoes One Month in Advance}, volume={100}, ISSN={["1476-1645"]}, DOI={10.4269/ajtmh.17-0860}, abstractNote={The mosquito Aedes (Stegomyia) aegypti (L.) is the primary vector of dengue, chikungunya, and Zika viruses in the United States. Surveillance for adult Ae. aegypti is limited, hindering understanding of the mosquito's seasonal patterns and predictions of areas at elevated risk for autochthonous virus transmission. We developed a simple, intuitive empirical model that uses readily available temperature and humidity variables to predict environmental suitability for low, medium, or high potential abundance of adult Ae. aegypti in a given city 1 month in advance. Potential abundance was correctly predicted in 73% of months in arid Phoenix, AZ (over a 10-year period), and 63% of months in humid Miami, FL (over a 2-year period). The monthly model predictions can be updated daily, weekly, or monthly and thus may be applied to forecast suitable conditions for Ae. aegypti to inform vector-control activities and guide household-level actions to reduce mosquito habitat and human exposure.}, number={2}, journal={AMERICAN JOURNAL OF TROPICAL MEDICINE AND HYGIENE}, author={Monaghan, Andrew J. and Schmidt, Christopher A. and Hayden, Mary H. and Smith, Kirk A. and Reiskind, Michael H. and Cabell, Ryan and Ernst, Kacey C.}, year={2019}, pages={434–437} }
 @article{spence beaulieu_reiskind_2019, title={Comparative Vector Efficiency of Two Prevalent Mosquito Species for Dog Heartworm in North Carolina}, volume={11}, ISSN={0022-2585 1938-2928}, url={http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/jme/tjz190}, DOI={10.1093/jme/tjz190}, abstractNote={Abstract}, journal={Journal of Medical Entomology}, publisher={Oxford University Press (OUP)}, author={Spence Beaulieu, Meredith R and Reiskind, Michael H}, editor={Faraji, AryEditor}, year={2019}, month={Nov} }
 @article{deguenon_zhu_denning_reiskind_watson_roe_2019, title={Control of Filth Flies, Cochliomyia macellaria (Diptera: Calliphoridae), Musca domestica (Diptera: Muscidae), and Sarcophaga bullata (Diptera: Sarcophagidae), Using Novel Plant-Derived Methyl Ketones}, volume={56}, ISSN={0022-2585 1938-2928}, url={http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/jme/tjz107}, DOI={10.1093/jme/tjz107}, abstractNote={Abstract}, number={6}, journal={Journal of Medical Entomology}, publisher={Oxford University Press (OUP)}, author={Deguenon, Jean M and Zhu, Jiwei and Denning, Steven and Reiskind, Michael H and Watson, David W and Roe, R Michael}, editor={Geden, ChristopherEditor}, year={2019}, month={Jun}, pages={1704–1714} }
 @article{deguenon_travanty_zhu_carr_denning_reiskind_watson_roe_ponnusamy_2019, title={Exogenous and endogenous microbiomes of wild-caught Phormia regina (Diptera: Calliphoridae) flies from a suburban farm by 16S rRNA gene sequencing}, volume={9}, ISSN={["2045-2322"]}, url={http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/s41598-019-56733-z}, DOI={10.1038/s41598-019-56733-z}, abstractNote={Abstract}, journal={SCIENTIFIC REPORTS}, author={Deguenon, Jean M. and Travanty, Nicholas and Zhu, Jiwei and Carr, Ann and Denning, Steven and Reiskind, Michael H. and Watson, David W. and Roe, R. Michael and Ponnusamy, Loganathan}, year={2019}, month={Dec} }
 @article{seger_drummond_delgado_day_sither_soghigian_wiegmann_reiskind_ellis_byrd_2019, title={FIRST RECORD OF MANSONIA DYARI FROM SAINT CROIX, UNITED STATES VIRGIN ISLANDS}, volume={35}, ISSN={["1943-6270"]}, DOI={10.2987/19-6859.1}, abstractNote={ABSTRACT}, number={3}, journal={JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN MOSQUITO CONTROL ASSOCIATION}, author={Seger, Krystal R. and Drummond, Aubrey, II and Delgado, David and Day, Corey A. and Sither, Charles B. and Soghigian, John and Wiegmann, Brian M. and Reiskind, Michael H. and Ellis, Brett R. and Byrd, Brian D.}, year={2019}, month={Sep}, pages={214–216} }
 @article{juliano_yee_alto_reiskind_2019, title={Papers From a Workshop on Mosquito Ecology and Evolution Inspired by the Career of L. Philip Lounibos}, volume={56}, ISSN={["1938-2928"]}, DOI={10.1093/jme/tjy146}, number={2}, journal={JOURNAL OF MEDICAL ENTOMOLOGY}, author={Juliano, Steven A. and Yee, Donald A. and Alto, Barry W. and Reiskind, Michael H.}, year={2019}, month={Mar}, pages={299–302} }
 @article{spence beaulieu_hopperstad_dunn_reiskind_2019, title={Simplification of vector communities during suburban succession}, volume={14}, ISSN={1932-6203}, url={http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0215485}, DOI={10.1371/journal.pone.0215485}, abstractNote={Suburbanization is happening rapidly on a global scale, resulting in changes to the species assemblages present in previously undeveloped areas of land. Community-level changes after anthropogenic land-use change have been studied in a variety of organisms, but the effects on arthropods of medical and veterinary importance remain poorly characterized. Shifts in diversity, abundance, and community composition of such arthropods, like mosquitoes, can significantly impact vector-borne disease dynamics due to varying vectorial capacity between different species. In light of these potential implications for vector-borne diseases, we investigated changes in mosquito species assemblage after suburbanization by sampling mosquitoes in neighborhoods of different ages in Wake County, North Carolina, US. We found that independent of housing density and socioeconomic status, mosquito diversity measures decreased as suburban neighborhoods aged. In the oldest neighborhoods, the mosquito assemblage reached a distinct suburban climax community dominated by the invasive, peridomestic container-breeding Aedes albopictus, the Asian tiger mosquito. Aedes albopictus is a competent vector of many pathogens of human concern, and its dominance in suburban areas places it in close proximity with humans, allowing for heightened potential of host-vector interactions. While further research is necessary to explicitly characterize the effects of mosquito community simplification on vector-borne disease transmission in highly suburbanized areas, the current study demonstrates that suburbanization is disrupting mosquito communities so severely that they do not recover their diversity even 100 years after the initial disturbance. Our understanding of the community-level effects of anthropogenic land-use change on arthropod vectors will become increasingly important as we look to mitigate disease spread in a global landscape that is continually developed and altered by humans.}, number={5}, journal={PLOS ONE}, publisher={Public Library of Science (PLoS)}, author={Spence Beaulieu, Meredith R. and Hopperstad, Kristen and Dunn, Robert R. and Reiskind, Michael H.}, editor={Leisnham, Paul T.Editor}, year={2019}, month={May}, pages={e0215485} }
 @article{reed_byrd_richards_eckardt_williams_reiskind_2018, title={A Statewide Survey of ContainerAedesMosquitoes (Diptera: Culicidae) in North Carolina, 2016: A Multiagency Surveillance Response to Zika Using Ovitraps}, volume={56}, ISSN={0022-2585 1938-2928}, url={http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/jme/tjy190}, DOI={10.1093/jme/tjy190}, abstractNote={Abstract Native and invasive container-inhabiting Aedes mosquitoes (Diptera: Culicidae) play important roles in the transmission of endemic and traveler-introduced arboviruses in the United States. In response to the emergence of Zika virus into the Americas, we surveyed the distribution of container Aedes spp. of public health importance within North Carolina during 2016 using ovitraps. A seasonal survey was conducted in 18 counties from the mountains to the coast to identify species incriminated in the transmission of chikungunya, dengue, La Crosse, yellow fever, and Zika viruses. Multiple local, state, and federal agencies participated in the study and submitted more than 3,600 ovistrips. Aedes albopictus (Skuse) (81.4%, n = 54,458) was the most common and widespread species found in this survey, followed by Aedes triseriatus (Say) (10.7%, n = 7,169) and Aedes japonicus (Theobald) (7.9%, n = 5,262). We did not find Aedes aegypti and rarely found Aedes hendersoni (Cockerell). We assessed broad-scale climatic and other factors and determined that longitude, elevation, rainfall, and temperature had significant effects on explaining the variation in presence, abundance, and phenology of container Aedes in North Carolina. However, much of the variation in these outcomes was not explained at this coarse scale and may benefit from finer-scale analyses. These efforts represent the largest ovitrap survey ever conducted in the state.}, number={2}, journal={Journal of Medical Entomology}, publisher={Oxford University Press (OUP)}, author={Reed, Emily M X and Byrd, Brian D and Richards, Stephanie L and Eckardt, Megan and Williams, Carl and Reiskind, Michael H}, year={2018}, month={Oct}, pages={483–490} }
 @article{richards_white_byrd_reiskind_doyle_2018, title={Evaluation of Insecticide Resistance in Aedes albopictus (Diptera: Culicidae) in North Carolina, 2017}, volume={56}, ISSN={0022-2585 1938-2928}, url={http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/jme/tjy216}, DOI={10.1093/jme/tjy216}, abstractNote={Mosquitoes may develop resistance to insecticide active ingredients (AIs) found in formulated products (FPs) due to environmental exposure from insecticides in mosquito control and/or unrelated to mosquito control, e.g., agricultural, household pest control. Mosquito control programs should implement resistance management strategies by assessing resistance in targeted populations, rotating different classes of insecticides based on resistance testing, and/or increasing insecticide concentration (i.e., saturation, using maximum labeled rate) to overcome emerging resistance. Resistance testing is often done solely on AIs, but should, in some cases, include both AIs and FPs at the concentrations mosquitoes may encounter in the field. The resistance/susceptibility status was determined for adulticides used in mosquito control. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) bottle bioassays were used to assess resistance/susceptibility status for eight AIs (i.e., bifenthrin, permethrin, sumethrin/prallethrin, deltamethrin, tau-fluvalinate, chlorpyrifos, malathion, and naled) and eight FPs (TalStar, Biomist 3 + 15, Duet, Suspend Polyzone, Mavrik, MosquitoMist, Fyfanon, and Dibrom) that respectively contain the AIs. Current CDC guidelines were utilized: susceptible (97-100% mortality at diagnostic time [DT]), developing resistance (90-96% mortality at DT), or resistant (<90% mortality at DT). Significant differences were observed in mosquito susceptibility/resistance among and between AIs and FPs.}, number={3}, journal={Journal of Medical Entomology}, publisher={Oxford University Press (OUP)}, author={Richards, Stephanie L and White, Avian V and Byrd, Brian D and Reiskind, Michael H and Doyle, Michael S}, year={2018}, month={Dec}, pages={761–773} }
 @article{burford reiskind_labadie_bargielowski_lounibos_reiskind_2018, title={Rapid evolution and the genomic consequences of selection against interspecific mating}, volume={27}, ISSN={0962-1083}, url={http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/mec.14821}, DOI={10.1111/mec.14821}, abstractNote={Abstract}, number={18}, journal={Molecular Ecology}, publisher={Wiley}, author={Burford Reiskind, Martha O. and Labadie, Paul and Bargielowski, Irka and Lounibos, L. Philip and Reiskind, Michael H.}, year={2018}, month={Aug}, pages={3641–3654} }
 @article{reiskind_janairo_2018, title={Tracking Aedes aegypti (Diptera: Culicidae) Larval Behavior Across Development: Effects of Temperature and Nutrients on Individuals’ Foraging Behavior}, volume={55}, ISSN={0022-2585 1938-2928}, url={http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/jme/tjy073}, DOI={10.1093/jme/tjy073}, abstractNote={Abstract Immature mosquitoes alter their foraging behavior in response to variation in nutrients, predators, and temperature, with consequences on the adult stage where pathogens are transmitted. These patterns of behavior have not been described with respect to both developmental stage and environmental variation, nor has behavior been examined within an individual across instars. We hypothesized that individual larvae have distinct behavioral syndromes, and predict that the rank of foraging activity in the third instar will be correlated with foraging activity in the fourth instar for an individual across all conditions. We also hypothesized that individuals that fail to achieve adulthood forage more intensely than those that will emerge due to the need for greater resources. To examine these hypotheses, we conducted an experiment in which we exposed 96 individual Aedes aegypti L. (Diptera: Culicidae) larvae to four combinations of temperature and nutrients. We recorded larvae in the third and fourth instar, and generated time budgets of active and passive foraging behaviors. We found correlations between individual behavior in the third and fourth instar when conditions were the most stressful (cool temperatures and low nutrients). Controlling for this intra-individual behavior, there was variation between instar behaviors, but this was dependent on both temperature and nutrients. We also found that larvae that failed to pupate within 28 d before emergence foraged more intensely than those that emerged. While we found no evidence that mosquitoes have distinct behavioral syndromes in Ae. aegypti, we did find support that nutrients and temperature affect behavior differently at different instars.}, number={5}, journal={Journal of Medical Entomology}, publisher={Oxford University Press (OUP)}, author={Reiskind, Michael H and Janairo, M Shawn}, year={2018}, month={May}, pages={1086–1092} }
 @article{richards_balanay_white_hope_vandock_byrd_reiskind_2017, title={Insecticide Susceptibility Screening Against Culex and Aedes (Diptera: Culicidae) Mosquitoes From the United States}, volume={55}, ISSN={0022-2585 1938-2928}, url={http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/jme/tjx198}, DOI={10.1093/jme/tjx198}, abstractNote={Abstract Mosquitoes exposed to sublethal doses of insecticides may be selected for resistance to insecticide active ingredients (AIs). Mosquitoes are exposed to AIs through agricultural, public/private mosquito control programs, homeowners, and other sources. Hence, mosquito control programs should routinely measure the resistance/susceptibility status of mosquito populations of public health concern.The objectives here were to determine resistance status for six AIs used in adult mosquito control in the United States to assess how resistance/susceptibility differs between AI, mosquito species (states where > 1 species collected), and between years (some populations sampled for 2 yr). Field-collected eggs from 21 mosquito populations of six different species or hybrid species (Aedes albopictus Skuse [Diptera: Culicidae], Aedes aegypti L. [Diptera: Culicidae], Culex nigripalpus Theobald, Culex pipiens L. [Diptera: Culicidae], Culex quinquefasciatus Say [Diptera: Culicidae], Cx. pipiens/quinquefasciatus) were obtained. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention bottle bioassays were used to assess the resistance/susceptibility status for six AIs (bifenthrin, deltamethrin, etofenprox, malathion, permethrin, and phenothrin). World Health Organization guidelines were used to classify mosquitoes as susceptible (98–100% mortality at diagnostic time [DT]), possibly resistant (80–97% mortality at DT), or resistant (<80% mortality at DT). Significant differences were observed in mosquito susceptibility/resistance between species and AIs. In states where both Aedes and Culex were collected, the odds of exhibiting resistance in Culex were 68–69 times higher than Aedes (Texas odds ratio: 69.30; 95% confidence interval: 5.86, 819.44; P = 0.001; North Carolina odds ratio: 67.99; 95% confidence interval: 15.21, 303.94; P < 0.0001). Some level of resistance was detected against all tested AIs in several mosquito populations and some varied between 2015 and 2016.}, number={2}, journal={Journal of Medical Entomology}, publisher={Oxford University Press (OUP)}, author={Richards, Stephanie L and Balanay, Jo Anne G and White, Avian V and Hope, Joe and Vandock, Kurt and Byrd, Brian D and Reiskind, Michael H}, year={2017}, month={Nov}, pages={398–407} }
 @article{cammack_reiskind_guisewite_denning_watson_2017, title={Quantifying pteridines in the heads of blow flies (Diptera: Calliphoridae): Application for forensic entomology}, volume={280}, ISSN={["1872-6283"]}, DOI={10.1016/j.forsciint.2017.09.006}, abstractNote={In forensic cases involving entomological evidence, establishing the postcolonization interval (post-CI) is a critical component of the investigation. Traditional methods of estimating the post-CI rely on estimating the age of immature blow flies (Diptera: Calliphoridae) collected from remains. However, in cases of delayed discovery (e.g., when remains are located indoors), these insects may have completed their development and be present in the environment as adults. Adult fly collections are often ignored in cases of advanced decomposition because of a presumed little relevance to the investigation; herein we present information on how these insects can be of value. In this study we applied an age-grading technique to estimate the age of adults of Chrysomya megacephala (Fabricius), Cochliomyia macellaria (Fabricius), and Phormia regina (Meigen), based on the temperature-dependent accumulation of pteridines in the compound eyes, when reared at temperatures ranging from 5 to 35 °C. Age could be estimated for all species*sex*rearing temperature combinations (mean r2 ± SE: 0.90 ± 0.01) for all but P. regina reared at 5.4 °C. These models can be used to increase the precision of post-CI estimates for remains found indoors, and the high r2 values of 22 of the 24 regression equations indicates that this is a valid method for estimating the age of adult blow flies at temperatures ≥15 °C.}, journal={FORENSIC SCIENCE INTERNATIONAL}, author={Cammack, J. A. and Reiskind, M. H. and Guisewite, L. M. and Denning, S. S. and Watson, D. W.}, year={2017}, month={Nov}, pages={44–48} }
 @article{richards_balanay_byrd_reiskind_styers_2017, title={Regional Survey of Mosquito Control Knowledge and Usage In North Carolina}, volume={33}, ISSN={8756-971X 1943-6270}, url={http://dx.doi.org/10.2987/17-6669.1}, DOI={10.2987/17-6669.1}, abstractNote={ABSTRACT Mosquitoes are a nuisance and can transmit pathogens to humans and other animals, resulting in notable morbidity and mortality. Organized mosquito control programs conduct surveillance, source reduction, treatment of mosquito oviposition sites, and adulticiding to protect public health. However, in some regions, there has been a decline in county and municipal mosquito control programs, and homeowners increasingly contract with private mosquito control companies or address mosquito-related issues themselves at the household level. The extent to which these services are being used, the potential for mosquito and/or insecticide exposure around the home, and the access to these services by individuals of different socioeconomic categories are not known. We conducted regional (western, central, eastern) assessments of public perception and knowledge of mosquito control services in a variety of communities of different socioeconomic categories (low, moderate, high) and types (urban, suburban, rural) in 3 North Carolina counties. We also assessed the respondents' basic knowledge of mosquito-borne diseases. Most respondents thought mosquito control was important to protect against both nuisance mosquitoes and mosquito-borne disease. The majority of people would pay ≤$50/year for mosquito control and most thought this should be covered by municipal/county taxes. Many respondents (31%, 95% confidence interval [CI] 26–35%) personally undertake mosquito control on their properties, but only 5.3% (95% CI 3.1–7.5%) contract with professional mosquito control services, with no significant differences between region, community type, or socioeconomic category in the proportion using private mosquito control services. While there were significant differences between factor levels (3 regions, 3 community types, 3 socioeconomic categories) in some responses, there were no significant differences observed between respondents, regardless of factor level, in the willingness to contribute funds to a community-based mosquito control program.}, number={4}, journal={Journal of the American Mosquito Control Association}, publisher={The American Mosquito Control Association}, author={Richards, Stephanie L. and Balanay, Jo Anne G. and Byrd, Brian D. and Reiskind, Michael H. and Styers, Diane M.}, year={2017}, month={Dec}, pages={331–339} }
 @article{reiskind_hopperstad_2017, title={Surveillance for Immature Mosquitoes in Windshield Wash Basins at Gas Stations}, volume={54}, ISSN={["1938-2928"]}, url={https://doi.org/10.1093/jme/tjx129}, DOI={10.1093/jme/tjx129}, abstractNote={Abstract Gas stations often provide windshield wash basins (WWBs) that customers may use to clean their windshields. Motivated by casual observations, we conducted a survey of WWBs in and around Raleigh, NC, to determine whether these WWBs also serve as larval habitats for mosquitoes. We found that 27.7% (95% CI: 12.4–43.14%) of the 36 surveyed gas stations had mosquito larvae in their WWBs, and 22.4% (95% CI: 15.07–29.1%) of the 152 WWBs surveyed were positive for mosquito larvae. Two species were identified inhabiting these containers: Aedes albopictus (Skuse) and Culex quinquefasciatus Say. Aedes albopictus was associated with clear, unturbid water, whereas Cx. quinquefasciatus did not have any significant association with water characteristics. Pupae of both species were observed, suggesting these habitats could be sources of pest mosquitoes. Gas stations may be a convenient surveillance target for vector control specialists and may provide insight into human-aided mosquito dispersal.}, number={6}, journal={Journal of Medical Entomology}, author={Reiskind, M.H. and Hopperstad, K.A.}, year={2017}, pages={1775–1777} }
 @article{burford reiskind_coyle_daniels_labadie_reiskind_roberts_roberts_schaff_vargo_2016, title={Development of a universal double-digest RAD sequencing approach for a group of nonmodel, ecologically and economically important insect and fish taxa}, volume={16}, ISSN={1755-098X}, url={http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/1755-0998.12527}, DOI={10.1111/1755-0998.12527}, abstractNote={Abstract}, number={6}, journal={Molecular Ecology Resources}, publisher={Wiley}, author={Burford Reiskind, M. O. and Coyle, K. and Daniels, H. V. and Labadie, P. and Reiskind, M. H. and Roberts, N. B. and Roberts, R. B. and Schaff, J. and Vargo, E. L.}, year={2016}, month={May}, pages={1303–1314} }
 @article{reiskind_griffin_janairo_hopperstad_2016, title={Mosquitoes of field and forest: the scale of habitat segregation in a diverse mosquito assemblage}, volume={31}, ISSN={0269-283X}, url={http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/mve.12193}, DOI={10.1111/mve.12193}, abstractNote={Abstract}, number={1}, journal={Medical and Veterinary Entomology}, publisher={Wiley}, author={Reiskind, M. H. and Griffin, R. H. and Janairo, M. S. and Hopperstad, K. A.}, year={2016}, month={Oct}, pages={44–54} }
 @article{monaghan_morin_steinhoff_wilhelmi_hayden_quattrochi_reiskind_lloyd_smith_schmidt_et al._2016, title={On the Seasonal Occurrence and Abundance of the Zika Virus Vector Mosquito Aedes Aegypti in the Contiguous United States}, ISSN={2157-3999}, url={http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/currents.outbreaks.50dfc7f46798675fc63e7d7da563da76}, DOI={10.1371/currents.outbreaks.50dfc7f46798675fc63e7d7da563da76}, abstractNote={Introduction: An ongoing Zika virus pandemic in Latin America and the Caribbean has raised concerns that travel-related introduction of Zika virus could initiate local transmission in the United States (U.S.) by its primary vector, the mosquito Aedes aegypti. Methods: We employed meteorologically driven models for 2006-2015 to simulate the potential seasonal abundance of adult Aedes aegypti for fifty cities within or near the margins of its known U.S. range. Mosquito abundance results were analyzed alongside travel and socioeconomic factors that are proxies of viral introduction and vulnerability to human-vector contact. Results: Meteorological conditions are largely unsuitable for Aedes aegypti over the U.S. during winter months (December-March), except in southern Florida and south Texas where comparatively warm conditions can sustain low-to-moderate potential mosquito abundance. Meteorological conditions are suitable for Aedes aegypti across all fifty cities during peak summer months (July-September), though the mosquito has not been documented in all cities. Simulations indicate the highest mosquito abundance occurs in the Southeast and south Texas where locally acquired cases of Aedes-transmitted viruses have been reported previously. Cities in southern Florida and south Texas are at the nexus of high seasonal suitability for Aedes aegypti and strong potential for travel-related virus introduction. Higher poverty rates in cities along the U.S.-Mexico border may correlate with factors that increase human exposure to Aedes aegypti. Discussion: Our results can inform baseline risk for local Zika virus transmission in the U.S. and the optimal timing of vector control activities, and underscore the need for enhanced surveillance for Aedes mosquitoes and Aedes-transmitted viruses.}, journal={PLoS Currents}, publisher={Public Library of Science (PLoS)}, author={Monaghan, Andrew J. and Morin, Cory W. and Steinhoff, Daniel F. and Wilhelmi, Olga and Hayden, Mary and Quattrochi, Dale A. and Reiskind, Michael and Lloyd, Alun L. and Smith, Kirk and Schmidt, Chris A. and et al.}, year={2016} }
 @article{hopperstad_reiskind_2016, title={Recent Changes in the Local Distribution of Aedes aegypti (Diptera: Culicidae) in South Florida, USA}, volume={53}, ISSN={["1938-2928"]}, DOI={10.1093/jme/tjw050}, abstractNote={Abstract Disease transmission is directly tied to the spatial distribution of disease vectors. The distribution of Aedes aegypti (L.) in the United States has diminished since the introduction of Aedes albopictus (Skuse) in the 1980s. However, Ae. aegypti persists in some urban areas, particularly in south Florida. The pattern of habitat segregation of these two species is well documented, but the consistency of this phenomenon over time is unknown. To examine the dynamics of the local distributions of these two species, we studied the spatial pattern of Ae. aegypti and Ae. albopictus over time at a fine landscape scale in Palm Beach County, FL. We compared patterns from 2006–2007 with their distributions in 2013, taking into account abiotic factors of microclimate and land cover. We found evidence for a local shift in Ae. aegypti distribution, but could not attribute this to changes in measured abiotic factors. Alternatively, the interaction between Ae. aegypti and Ae. albopictus that initially resulted Ae. aegypti decline may be being attenuated through natural selection. This study confirms the importance of monitoring the changing ranges of these two important vector species.}, number={4}, journal={JOURNAL OF MEDICAL ENTOMOLOGY}, author={Hopperstad, K. A. and Reiskind, M. H.}, year={2016}, month={Jul}, pages={836–842} }
 @article{de jesus_reiskind_2016, title={The importance of male body size on sperm uptake and usage, and female fecundity in Aedes aegypti and Aedes albopictus}, volume={9}, ISSN={1756-3305}, url={http://dx.doi.org/10.1186/s13071-016-1734-8}, DOI={10.1186/s13071-016-1734-8}, abstractNote={Adult mosquito density is a critical factor in the transmission of arboviruses by container Aedes spp. mosquitoes. Female fecundity drives population growth, and therefore contributes to adult mosquito density. Previous studies have focused on female body size as the major determinant of fecundity, paying little attention to male condition. In this study, we examined the effects of male body size on the abundance of sperm in spermatheca, depletion of sperm over time, and female fecundity. We generated males in two size classes using different larval densities, and allowed them to mate with females generated from a moderately dense larval environment. We counted sperm in female spermatheca in a sample of females immediately after mating, then every week for four weeks post-mating. We provided weekly blood meals to females and determined their fecundity over four weeks after the initial blood meal. We found significantly more sperm in Aedes albopictus females than in Aedes aegypti, and detected depletion of sperm in Ae. aegypti, but not in Ae. albopictus. We did not see significant differences in number of sperm in spermathecae in relation to male body size in either species over subsequent gonotrophic cycles. We found a significant effect of male body size on fecundity in Ae. albopictus, but not Ae. aegypti, with a 46 % increase in fecundity for female Ae. albopictus offered four blood meals. Our results suggest substantial differences in the mating biology of these ecologically similar species and the importance of considering males in understanding female fecundity. The substantial increase in fecundity in Ae. albopictus has implications for population growth, estimating vector density, and modeling the transmission of pathogens.}, number={1}, journal={Parasites & Vectors}, publisher={Springer Science and Business Media LLC}, author={De Jesus, Carrie E. and Reiskind, Michael H.}, year={2016}, month={Aug} }
 @inproceedings{de jesus_reiskind_2016, title={Timed observations of precopulatory interactions between Aedes aegypti and Aedes albopictus}, booktitle={Proceedings and Papers of the Eighty-fourth Annual Conference of the Mosquito and Vector Control Association of California}, author={De Jesus, C. and Reiskind, M.}, year={2016}, pages={22–27} }
 @article{reiskind_janairo_2015, title={Late-instar Behavior of Aedes aegypti (Diptera: Culicidae) Larvae in Different Thermal and Nutritive Environments}, volume={52}, ISSN={["1938-2928"]}, DOI={10.1093/jme/tjv088}, abstractNote={ABSTRACT The effects of temperature on ectotherm growth have been well documented. How temperature affects foraging behavior is less well explored, and has not been studied in larval mosquitoes. We hypothesized that temperature changes foraging behavior in the aquatic larval phase of the mosquito, Aedes aegypti L. Based on empirical results in other systems, we predicted that foraging effort would increase at higher temperatures in these insects. We tested this prediction over three temperature conditions at two food levels. We measured behaviors by video recording replicated cohorts of fourth-instar mosquitoes and assessing individual behavior and time budgets using an ethogram. We found both food level and temperature had significant impacts on larval foraging behavior, with more time spent actively foraging at low food levels and at low temperatures, and more occurrences of active foraging at both temperature extremes. These results are contrary to some of our predictions, but fit into theoretical responses to temperature based upon dynamic energy budget models.}, number={5}, journal={JOURNAL OF MEDICAL ENTOMOLOGY}, author={Reiskind, Michael H. and Janairo, M. Shawn}, year={2015}, month={Sep}, pages={789–796} }
 @article{paras_o'brien_reiskind_2014, title={Comparison of the vector potential of different mosquito species for the transmission of heartworm, Dirofilaria immitis, in rural and urban areas in and surrounding Stillwater, Oklahoma, USA}, volume={28}, ISSN={["1365-2915"]}, DOI={10.1111/mve.12069}, abstractNote={Abstract}, journal={MEDICAL AND VETERINARY ENTOMOLOGY}, author={Paras, K. L. and O'Brien, V. A. and Reiskind, M. H.}, year={2014}, month={Aug}, pages={60–67} }
 @article{masloski_greenwood_reiskind_payton_2014, title={Evidence for Diet-Driven Habitat Partitioning of Melanoplinae and Gomphocerinae (Orthoptera: Acrididae) Along a Vegetation Gradient in a Western Oklahoma Grassland}, volume={43}, ISSN={["1938-2936"]}, DOI={10.1603/en13349}, abstractNote={ABSTRACT 
 Grasshoppers (Orthoptera: Acrididae) are important arthropods in the grassland ecosystem as sources of herbivory, nutrient recycling through frass production, and as prey items for other insects, mammals, and birds. It has been observed in previous research that common Acrididae subfamilies have dietary preferences: many species of Gomphocerinae are specialists on grass plants, many Melanoplinae species are polyphagous forb eaters. We characterized the community of Acrididae along a vegetation gradient in the Beaver River Wildlife Management Area, Beaver County, OK, and tested the hypothesis that these subfamilies would be in greater abundance in areas dominated by their preferred food resource. Vegetation types were characterized into four different functional groups: grass, forb, litter, and bare ground. The proportion of cover of functional groups was found to be correlated with relative abundance of Gomphocerinae and Melanoplinae grasshoppers. Gomphocerinae were in greater abundance in vegetation types consisting of a larger proportion of grass. Melanoplinae were in greater abundance in vegetation types consisting of larger proportions of forb cover.Afactor analysis indicated that forb cover and grass cover contributed more than litter and bare ground cover to the relative abundance of these grasshopper subfamilies and it is our conclusion that this is evidence for dietary-based habitat partitioning as observed through subfamilial relative abundance.}, number={5}, journal={ENVIRONMENTAL ENTOMOLOGY}, author={Masloski, Kenneth and Greenwood, Carmen and Reiskind, Michael and Payton, Mark}, year={2014}, month={Oct}, pages={1209–1214} }
 @article{starkey_panciera_paras_allen_reiskind_reichard_johnson_little_2013, title={Genetic diversity of Hepatozoon spp. in coyotes from the south-central United States}, volume={99}, DOI={10.1645/ge-3104.1}, abstractNote={Abstract: To better define the strains and species of Hepatozoon that infect coyotes in the south-central United States, whole blood and muscle samples were collected from 44 coyotes from 6 locations in Oklahoma and Texas. Samples were evaluated by a nested polymerase chain reaction (PCR) using primers amplifying a variable region of the apicomplexan 18S rRNA gene as well as histopathology (muscle only) for presence of tissue cysts. Hepatozoon spp. infections were identified in 79.5% (35/44) of coyotes tested including 27 of 44 (61.4%) whole blood samples and 17 of 44 (38.6%) muscle samples tested by PCR and 23 of 44 (52.3%) muscle samples evaluated by histological examination. Analysis revealed 19 distinct sequences comprising 3 major clusters of Hepatozoon spp., i.e., 1 most closely related to Hepatozoon americanum, another most closely related to Hepatozoon canis, and the third an intermediate between the 2 groups. The diversity of Hepatozoon spp. in wild canids appears greater than previously recognized and warrants further investigation.}, number={2}, journal={The Journal of Parasitology}, author={Starkey, L.A. and Panciera, R.H. and Paras, K. and Allen, K.E. and Reiskind, M.H. and Reichard, M.V. and Johnson, E.M. and Little, S.E.}, year={2013}, pages={375–378} }
 @article{reiskind_zarrabi_2013, title={Habitat quality favoured over familiarity: a rejection of natal habitat preference induction in the mosquito Aedes albopictus}, volume={38}, ISSN={0307-6946}, url={http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2311.2012.01406.x}, DOI={10.1111/j.1365-2311.2012.01406.x}, abstractNote={1. Natal habitat preference induction (NHPI) is a behavioural phenomenon in which offspring show a change in preference in adult oviposition choice as a function of experience as an immature.}, number={1}, journal={Ecological Entomology}, publisher={Wiley}, author={Reiskind, Michael H. and Zarrabi, Ali A.}, year={2013}, month={Jan}, pages={96–100} }
 @article{o'brien_reiskind_2013, title={Host-Seeking Mosquito Distribution in Habitat Mosaics of Southern Great Plains Cross-Timbers}, volume={50}, ISSN={0022-2585 0022-2585}, url={http://dx.doi.org/10.1603/me13007}, DOI={10.1603/me13007}, abstractNote={ABSTRACT Landscape fragmentation often increases contact between humans, wildlife, and potential disease vectors. We examined how adult host-seeking mosquitoes respond to small-scale habitat differences within southern Great Plains cross-timber habitat mosaics in northern Oklahoma consisting of eastern red cedar (Juniperus virginianus L.) woodlands, mixed-deciduous woodlands, and adjacent grasslands. Mosquitoes responded most markedly to an overall grassland-woodland habitat gradient, with species separating by habitat based largely on tree density. Differences in abundance of host-seeking females occurred at fine spatial scales, sometimes varying dramatically over distances as little as 200 m when tree density changed abruptly. Tree type was not as important as tree density, although the West Nile virus vector Culex tarsalis Coquillett showed a greater affinity for areas containing eastern red cedar than for deciduous woodlands. The invasive Aedes albopictus Skuse showed equal affinity for both tree types. Conversion of grassland habitats in the Great Plains to more vegetated environments associated with humans (towns and homesteads) and the invasion of grasslands by eastern red cedar may change the species composition of mosquito, bird, and mammal assemblages and potentially alter arbovirus exposure for humans.}, number={6}, journal={Journal of Medical Entomology}, publisher={Oxford University Press (OUP)}, author={O'Brien, Valerie A. and Reiskind, Michael H.}, year={2013}, month={Nov}, pages={1231–1239} }
 @article{yee_himel_reiskind_vamosi_2013, title={Implications of saline concentrations for the performance and competitive interactions of the mosquitoes Aedes aegypti (Stegomyia aegypti) and Aedes albopictus (Stegomyia albopictus)}, volume={28}, ISSN={0269-283X}, url={http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/mve.12007}, DOI={10.1111/mve.12007}, abstractNote={Abstract}, number={1}, journal={Medical and Veterinary Entomology}, publisher={Wiley}, author={Yee, D. A. and Himel, E. and Reiskind, M. H. and Vamosi, S. M.}, year={2013}, month={Apr}, pages={60–69} }
 @inbook{reiskind_little_2013, place={Lyon, France}, title={Mosquito Biology and Vector Ecology}, booktitle={Guide to Vector-borne Diseases of Pets}, publisher={Merial Publishing}, author={Reiskind, M.H. and Little, S.E.}, editor={Beugnet, FredericEditor}, year={2013} }
 @article{starkey_west_barrett_saucier_o’connor_paras_reiskind_reichard_little_2013, title={Prevalence of Antibodies to Spotted Fever Group Rickettsia spp. and Ehrlichia spp. in Coyotes (Canis latrans) in Oklahoma and Texas, USA}, volume={49}, ISSN={0090-3558}, url={http://dx.doi.org/10.7589/2012-08-215}, DOI={10.7589/2012-08-215}, abstractNote={Coyotes (Canis latrans) are commonly infested with ticks, including Amblyomma americanum, the predominant vector of Ehrlichia chaffeensis and Ehrlichia ewingii; Dermacentor variabilis, an important vector of Rickettsia rickettsii; and Amblyomma maculatum, a major vector of Rickettsia parkeri, a spotted fever group (SFG) Rickettsia. To determine the degree to which coyotes are infected with or exposed to tick-borne bacterial disease agents, serum samples collected from coyotes in Oklahoma and Texas were tested for antibodies reactive to R. rickettsii, Ehrlichia canis, E. chaffeensis, E. ewingii, Borrelia burgdorferi, and Anaplasma phagocytophilum by indirect fluorescent antibody (IFA) testing or enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). Of the coyotes tested, 60% (46/77) and 64% (47/74) had antibodies reactive to R. rickettsii and E. chaffeensis, respectively, on IFA. Additionally, 5% (4/77) had antibodies reactive to E. canis, but not B. burgdorferi or A. phagocytophilum, on SNAP® 4Dx® ELISA; subsequent serologic analysis by plate ELISA using species-specific peptides revealed antibodies to E. ewingii, E. canis, and E. chaffeensis in 46% (23/50), 18% (9/50), and 4% (2/50) of serum samples, respectively. Taken together, these data indicate that coyotes in this region are commonly exposed to SFG Rickettsia and E. ewingii and that further consideration of coyotes as a component of the maintenance cycle for these pathogens may be warranted.}, number={3}, journal={Journal of Wildlife Diseases}, publisher={Wildlife Disease Association}, author={Starkey, Lindsay A. and West, Misti D. and Barrett, Anne W. and Saucier, Jill M. and O’Connor, Tom P. and Paras, Kelsey L. and Reiskind, Michael H. and Reichard, Mason V. and Little, Susan E.}, year={2013}, month={Jul}, pages={670–673} }
 @article{reiskind_lounibos_2013, title={Spatial and temporal patterns of abundance of Aedes aegypti L. (Stegomyia aegypti) and Aedes albopictus (Skuse) [Stegomyia albopictus (Skuse)] in southern Florida}, volume={27}, ISSN={["1365-2915"]}, DOI={10.1111/mve.12000}, abstractNote={Invasion by mosquito vectors of disease may impact the distribution of resident mosquitoes, resulting in novel patterns of vectors and concomitant risk for disease. One example of such an impact is the invasion by Aedes albopictus (Skuse) [Stegomyia albopictus (Skuse)] (Diptera: Culicidae) of North America and this species' interaction with Aedes aegypti L. (Stegomyia aegypti L). We hypothesized that Ae. aegypti would be found in urban, coastal areas that experience hotter and drier conditions, whereas Ae. albopictus would be more commonly found in suburban and rural areas that are cooler and wetter. In addition, we hypothesized that Ae. aegypti would be more abundant early in the wet season, whereas Ae. albopictus would be more abundant later in the wet season. Urban areas were drier, hotter and contained more Ae. aegypti than suburban or rural areas. Aedes aegypti was relatively more abundant early in the wet season, whereas Ae. albopictus was more abundant in both the late wet season and the dry season. The spatial patterns of inter‐ and intraspecific encounters between these species were also described. The distribution of these mosquitoes is correlated with abiotic conditions, and with temperature, humidity and the relative availability of rain‐filled containers. Understanding the ecological determinants of species distribution can provide insight into the biology of these vectors and important information for their appropriate control.}, number={4}, journal={MEDICAL AND VETERINARY ENTOMOLOGY}, author={Reiskind, M. H. and Lounibos, L. P.}, year={2013}, month={Dec}, pages={421–429} }
 @article{paras_little_reichard_reiskind_2012, title={Detection of Dirofilaria immitis and Ehrlichia Species in Coyotes (Canis latrans), from Rural Oklahoma and Texas}, volume={12}, ISSN={1530-3667 1557-7759}, url={http://dx.doi.org/10.1089/vbz.2011.0815}, DOI={10.1089/vbz.2011.0815}, abstractNote={There is a lack of knowledge regarding the prevalence of Dirofilaria immitis and Ehrlichia spp. in coyotes in Oklahoma and Texas. Documenting the prevalence of these vector-borne disease agents in coyotes from Oklahoma and Texas underscores the importance of wild canids as reservoir hosts that infect companion animals and humans. To learn more about the sylvatic cycle of D. immitis and Ehrlichia spp. in coyotes from Oklahoma and Texas, we tested for infection with and exposure to, respectively, these disease agents. Coyote carcasses were collected opportunistically from animal control experts and hunters in seven counties in Oklahoma and Texas from January to March, 2010. Serum samples from 77 coyotes were tested with a commercial ELISA test. Five (6.5%) coyotes had D. immitis antigens, and four (5.2%) had antibodies to Ehrlichia spp. The overall prevalence of D. immitis was low relative to studies from the eastern United States. Little is known about the prevalence of Ehrlichia spp. throughout the United States, but coyotes from rural Oklahoma in the current study had a higher exposure rate than those reported from California, and a lower rate than data from an earlier study from Oklahoma.}, number={7}, journal={Vector-Borne and Zoonotic Diseases}, publisher={Mary Ann Liebert Inc}, author={Paras, Kelsey L. and Little, Susan E. and Reichard, Mason V. and Reiskind, Michael H.}, year={2012}, month={Jul}, pages={619–621} }
 @article{reiskind_zarrabi_lounibos_2012, title={Effects of combination of leaf resources on competition in container mosquito larvae}, volume={102}, ISSN={0007-4853 1475-2670}, url={http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0007485311000861}, DOI={10.1017/s0007485311000861}, abstractNote={Abstract}, number={4}, journal={Bulletin of Entomological Research}, publisher={Cambridge University Press (CUP)}, author={Reiskind, M.H. and Zarrabi, A.A. and Lounibos, L.P.}, year={2012}, month={Feb}, pages={424–434} }
 @article{reiskind_zarrabi_2012, title={Is bigger really bigger? Differential responses to temperature in measures of body size of the mosquito, Aedes albopictus}, volume={58}, ISSN={0022-1910}, url={http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jinsphys.2012.04.006}, DOI={10.1016/j.jinsphys.2012.04.006}, abstractNote={When confronted with variation in temperature, most ectotherms conform to a growth rule that “hotter is smaller”. This phenomenon can have important implications on population dynamics, interactions with other species, and adaptation to new environments for arthropods. However, the impact of other environmental factors and genetics may affect that general rule. Furthermore, most studies measure a single body part, and do not examine how temperature and other factors alter the allometric relationship between measurements of growth. In this study, we test the hypothesis that temperature and nutrition, while strongly affecting growth, do not change the allometric relationship between body mass and wing length in the mosquito Aedes albopictus. We tested this hypothesis by growing larval mosquitoes from two populations at five temperatures with three food levels. Contrary to our hypothesis, we find that temperature has a profound effect on allometry, with higher temperatures resulting in mosquitoes with shorter wings and greater body mass, and that the effects of temperature are dependent upon available food and population origin. We therefore reject our hypothesis and propose several testable mechanisms that will provide greater insight into the relationship between temperature, food, and measures of growth.}, number={7}, journal={Journal of Insect Physiology}, publisher={Elsevier BV}, author={Reiskind, Michael H. and Zarrabi, Ali A.}, year={2012}, month={Jul}, pages={911–917} }
 @article{reiskind_zarrabi_2012, title={Water Surface Area and Depth Determine Oviposition Choice in Aedes albopictus (Diptera: Culicidae)}, volume={49}, ISSN={0022-2585 0022-2585}, url={http://dx.doi.org/10.1603/me10270}, DOI={10.1603/me10270}, abstractNote={ABSTRACT 
 Oviposition choice is a well-studied aspect of the mosquito life cycle, and offers a potential avenue for species-specific surveillance and control. In container inhabiting mosquitoes, there has been a focus on how the components of the aquatic media determine choice, with little work on the physical characteristics of the containers themselves. We performed five experiments examining the effect of physical container parameters on oviposition choice by Aedes albopictus. We examined containers of three different surface areas (small, 496 cm2; medium, 863 cm2; and large, 1,938 cm2) at the same water depth and the same or different heights in a series of binary choice assays. We also examined different depths with the same surface area in clear containers (where the depth may be perceived by the darkness of the water) and in opaque containers, which appear uniformly dark at different depths. We found a significant preference for medium containers over large containers, whether the containers were different or the same heights, and a trend toward a preference for small containers over medium containers. There was a preference for deeper water regardless of whether containers were clear or opaque. These behaviors suggest mosquitoes take into account physical aspects of their habitats and their oviposition choices are consistent with minimizing the risk of habitat drying.}, number={1}, journal={Journal of Medical Entomology}, publisher={Oxford University Press (OUP)}, author={Reiskind, Michael H. and Zarrabi, Ali A.}, year={2012}, month={Jan}, pages={71–76} }
 @article{reichard_tiernan_paras_interisano_reiskind_panciera_pozio_2011, title={Detection of Trichinella murrelli in coyotes (Canis latrans) from Oklahoma and North Texas}, volume={182}, ISSN={0304-4017}, url={http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.vetpar.2011.06.001}, DOI={10.1016/j.vetpar.2011.06.001}, abstractNote={We determined the prevalence and mean intensity of Trichinella sp. infection in coyotes from six counties in Oklahoma and one in northern Texas. Tongues from 77 coyotes were examined using histology and artificial tissue digestion. Histological examination showed a prevalence of 3.9% (3 of 77) whereas the prevalence was 6.5% (5 of 77) based on artificial digestion of 5.0 g of muscle from coyote tongues. One sample was positive for Trichinella sp. on histology but negative by artificial digestion. Combining data from both diagnostic techniques showed that six of 77 (7.8%) coyotes were infected with Trichinella spp. The mean intensity of Trichinella sp. larvae ranged from 0.2 to 66.2 with an average of 16.0 larvae per gram (LPG) of tongue. Genotyping results demonstrated that the coyotes were infected with Trichinella murrelli. This is the first report of T. murrelli infection in coyotes in Oklahoma. T. murrelli had previously been isolated from coyotes in Texas.}, number={2-4}, journal={Veterinary Parasitology}, publisher={Elsevier BV}, author={Reichard, Mason V. and Tiernan, Kathryn E. and Paras, Kelsey L. and Interisano, Maria and Reiskind, Michael H. and Panciera, Roger J. and Pozio, Edoardo}, year={2011}, month={Dec}, pages={368–371} }
 @article{reiskind_zarrabi_2011, title={The importance of an invasive tree fruit as a resource for mosquito larvae}, volume={36}, ISSN={1081-1710}, url={http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1948-7134.2011.00157.x}, DOI={10.1111/j.1948-7134.2011.00157.x}, abstractNote={ABSTRACT: 
 Invasive plants are common and may provide resources through litter for container mosquito larvae. Invasive plant reproductive parts can make up a substantial part of litter but have mostly been ignored as a resource for mosquito larvae. We hypothesized that the reproductive fruits of the invasive eastern red cedar, Juniperus virginiana, provide high quality resources for the invasive, container mosquito Aedes albopictus at the western margin of its invasive range in North America. To test this hypothesis, we performed two laboratory experiments. The first examined the response of individual larvae of Ae. albopictus to different amounts of J. virginiana leaf (fresh and senesced) and J. virginiana fruit (ripe and unripe), as well as to a control leaf (Quercus virginiana, live oak). The second experiment examined the response of different densities of Ae. albopictus larvae to each litter type. We found significant differences in response by individual larvae to different amounts of litter and litter types. We also found J. virginiana litter components could support positive population growth rates as a function of initial larval density where the control leaf could not. We conclude that invasive plants may provide high quality resources, and that the reproductive parts (fruits, flowers, cones) may be an important and overlooked component in provisioning larval habitats. Therefore, the expansion of J. virginiana into grassland areas may contribute to the expansion of Ae. albopictus westward in North America.}, number={1}, journal={Journal of Vector Ecology}, publisher={Wiley}, author={Reiskind, Michael H. and Zarrabi, Ali A.}, year={2011}, month={Jun}, pages={197–203} }
 @article{lounibos_o'meara_juliano_nishimura_escher_reiskind_cutwa_greene_2010, title={Differential Survivorship of Invasive Mosquito Species in South Florida Cemeteries: Do Site-Specific Microclimates Explain Patterns of Coexistence and Exclusion?}, volume={103}, ISSN={0013-8746 0013-8746}, url={http://dx.doi.org/10.1603/an09142}, DOI={10.1603/an09142}, abstractNote={Abstract}, number={5}, journal={Annals of the Entomological Society of America}, publisher={Oxford University Press (OUP)}, author={Lounibos, L. P. and O'Meara, G. F. and Juliano, S. A. and Nishimura, N. and Escher, R. L. and Reiskind, M. H. and Cutwa, M. and Greene, K.}, year={2010}, month={Sep}, pages={757–770} }
 @article{reiskind_westbrook_lounibos_2010, title={Exposure to chikungunya virus and adult longevity in Aedes aegypti (L.) and Aedes albopictus (Skuse)}, volume={35}, ISSN={1081-1710 1948-7134}, url={http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1948-7134.2010.00059.x}, DOI={10.1111/j.1948-7134.2010.00059.x}, abstractNote={ABSTRACT: Chikungunya virus (CHIKV) recently emerged as a global threat to public health through its adaptation to the cosmopolitan mosquito Aedes albopictus Skuse. Aedes albopictus is highly susceptible to the emergent strain of CHIKV, relative to the historical vector of CHIKV, Aedes aegypti (L.). We hypothesized that the high susceptibility of Ae. albopictus to CHIKV may have a cost in terms of longevity and fecundity among infected vs non-infected mosquitoes, relative to Ae. aegypti. We performed a longevity experiment comparing Ae. aegypti and Ae. albopictus exposed to the emergent strain of CHIKV (LR-2006OPY1). We found a small but significant decrease in longevity of Ae. albopictus, but not Ae. aegypti, in response to exposure to CHIKV. We did not observe significant differences in numbers of eggs laid by either species in response to exposure. Longevity and body titer of infected Ae. albopictus were significantly negatively correlated, such that individuals that lived longer had lower viral body titers when they died. The cost of exposure, while not high, suggests there may be physiological constraints in the evolution of viral infectiousness in its insect vector.}, number={1}, journal={Journal of Vector Ecology}, publisher={Wiley}, author={Reiskind, Michael H. and Westbrook, Catherine J. and Lounibos, L. Philip}, year={2010}, month={Jun}, pages={61–68} }
 @article{westbrook_reiskind_pesko_greene_lounibos_2010, title={Larval Environmental Temperature and the Susceptibility of Aedes albopictus Skuse (Diptera: Culicidae) to Chikungunya Virus}, volume={10}, ISSN={1530-3667 1557-7759}, url={http://dx.doi.org/10.1089/vbz.2009.0035}, DOI={10.1089/vbz.2009.0035}, abstractNote={A key feature in the recent widespread epidemic of the mosquito-borne alphavirus chikungunya virus (CHIKV) was the important role of Aedes albopictus, formerly regarded as a secondary vector, compared to the presumed primary vector Aedes aegypti. Ae. albopictus, a container-inhabiting mosquito, is an invasive species that occurs over a wide geographic range spanning tropical and temperate latitudes. In this study we examine the effects of a broad range of larval rearing temperatures on CHIKV infection, dissemination, and viral titer in Florida F(1) Ae. albopictus. Adults from larvae reared at 18 degrees C, 24 degrees C, and 32 degrees C differed significantly in size, development time, and CHIKV infection rate. Adult females with the largest body size were produced from the coolest temperature, took the longest to mature, and six times more likely to be infected with CHIKV than females reared at 32 degrees C. There was also a significant effect of rearing temperature on viral dissemination, resulting in an increase in population dissemination at the coolest temperature. This study indicates that climate factors, such as temperature, experienced at the larval stage, can influence the competence of adult females to vector arboviruses.}, number={3}, journal={Vector-Borne and Zoonotic Diseases}, publisher={Mary Ann Liebert Inc}, author={Westbrook, Catherine J. and Reiskind, Michael H. and Pesko, Kendra N. and Greene, Krystle E. and Lounibos, L. Philip}, year={2010}, month={Apr}, pages={241–247} }
 @article{pesko_westbrook_mores_lounibos_reiskind_2009, title={Effects of Infectious Virus Dose and Bloodmeal Delivery Method on Susceptibility of Aedes aegypti and Aedes albopictus to Chikungunya Virus}, volume={46}, ISSN={0022-2585 1938-2928}, url={http://dx.doi.org/10.1603/033.046.0228}, DOI={10.1603/033.046.0228}, abstractNote={ABSTRACT 
 Chikungunya virus (CHIKV) is an arbovirus (genus Alphavirus, family Togaviridae) that has recently caused disease outbreaks in the Indian Ocean basin and southern Europe. These outbreaks could be associated with a possible shift in primary vector from Aedes aegypti to Ae. albopictus. To evaluate vector competence differences in possible CHIKV vectors, we evaluated the dose-dependant susceptibility of Florida strains of Ae. albopictus and Ae. aegypti for infection with a La Réunion island strain of CHIKV. Pledget and water-jacketed membrane feeding systems were also evaluated. We show that both Aedes spp. were susceptible to the highest CHIKV doses, whereas only Ae. albopictus developed disseminated infections after exposure to the two lowest doses. Infection rates for both mosquito species were significantly affected by the bloodmeal delivery method used. This information is important in assessing risk of an outbreak of imported CHIKV in the United States, in determining differences in vectorial capacity of these two vector species, and in evaluating arbovirus delivery methods in the laboratory.}, number={2}, journal={Journal of Medical Entomology}, publisher={Oxford University Press (OUP)}, author={Pesko, Kendra and Westbrook, Catherine J. and Mores, Christopher N. and Lounibos, L. Philip and Reiskind, Michael H.}, year={2009}, month={Mar}, pages={395–399} }
 @article{reiskind_lounibos_2009, title={Effects of intraspecific larval competition on adult longevity in the mosquitoes Aedes aegypti and Aedes albopictus}, volume={23}, ISSN={0269-283X 1365-2915}, url={http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2915.2008.00782.x}, DOI={10.1111/j.1365-2915.2008.00782.x}, abstractNote={AbstractLarval competition is common in container‐breeding mosquitoes. The impact of competition on larval growth has been thoroughly examined and findings that larval competition can lead to density‐dependent effects on adult body size have been documented. The effects of larval competition on adult longevity have been less well explored. The effects of intraspecific larval densities on the longevity of adults maintained under relatively harsh environmental conditions were tested in the laboratory by measuring the longevity of adultAedes aegypti(L.) andAedes albopictus(Skuse) (Diptera: Culicidae) that had been reared under a range of larval densities and subsequently maintained in high‐ or low‐humidity regimes (85% or 35% relative humidity [RH], respectively) as adults. We found significant negative effects of competition on adult longevity inAe. aegypti, but not inAe. albopictus. Multivariate analysis of variance suggested that the negative effect of the larval environment on the longevity ofAe. aegyptiadults was most strongly associated with increased development time and decreased wing length as adults. Understanding how larval competition affects adult longevity under a range of environmental conditions is important in establishing the relationship between models of mosquito population regulation and epidemiological models of vector‐borne disease transmission.}, number={1}, journal={Medical and Veterinary Entomology}, publisher={Wiley}, author={Reiskind, M. H. and Lounibos, L. P.}, year={2009}, month={Mar}, pages={62–68} }
 @article{reiskind_wund_2009, title={Experimental Assessment of the Impacts of Northern Long-Eared Bats on Ovipositing Culex (Diptera: Culicidae) Mosquitoes}, volume={46}, ISSN={0022-2585 1938-2928}, url={http://dx.doi.org/10.1603/033.046.0510}, DOI={10.1603/033.046.0510}, abstractNote={ABSTRACT 
 The importance of predation as a mortality factor in adult mosquitoes has received only limited attention in the scientific literature. Despite the lack of consensus among researchers as to whether bats are important predators of mosquitoes, there have been no attempts to directly document the effect of bats on mosquito populations or behavior. We conducted an enclosure experiment to test the hypothesis that bats reduce the local abundance of ovipositing female mosquitoes by examining whether the northern long-eared bat (Myotis septentrionalis Trouessart) had an effect on Culex spp. (Diptera: Culicidae) oviposition, using naturally occurring mosquitoes, either through direct predation or trait mediated effects on mosquito behavior. We found a significant, 32% reduction in egg-laying activity associated with bat predation. Artificial oviposition habitats directly outside bat enclosures experienced no reduction in oviposition; we attributed the observed reduction in egg-laying activity to direct predation on ovipositing females by bats and not changes in mosquito behavior. In addition, we noted a decrease in the number of larval mosquitoes in enclosures exposed to bat predation. These results suggest the impact of aerial predators on pathogen transmission may be large, and warrants further scientific investigation.}, number={5}, journal={Journal of Medical Entomology}, publisher={Oxford University Press (OUP)}, author={Reiskind, Michael H. and Wund, Matthew A.}, year={2009}, month={Sep}, pages={1037–1044} }
 @article{reiskind_zarrabi_lounibos_2009, title={Invasive leaf resources alleviate density dependence in the invasive mosquito, Aedes albopictus}, volume={12}, ISSN={1387-3547 1573-1464}, url={http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10530-009-9646-6}, DOI={10.1007/s10530-009-9646-6}, abstractNote={Interactions between invasive species can have important consequences for the speed and impact of biological invasions. Containers occupied by the invasive mosquito, Aedes albopictus Skuse, may be sensitive to invasive plants whose leaves fall into this larval habitat. To examine the potential for interactions between invasive leaf species and larval A. albopictus, we conducted a field survey of leaf material found with A. albopictus in containers in Palm Beach County, Florida and measured density dependent responses of A. albopictus larvae to two invasive and one native leaf species in laboratory experiments. We found increased diversity of leaf species, particularly invasive species, in areas further from the urbanized coast, and a significant positive association between the presence of Schinus terebinthifolious (Brazilian pepper) and the abundance of A. albopictus. In laboratory experiments, we determined that larval growth and survivorship were significantly affected by both larval density and leaf species which, in turn, resulted in higher population performance on the most abundant invasive species (Brazilian pepper) relative to the most abundant native species, Quercus virginiana (live oak). These results suggest invasive leaf species can alleviate density dependent reductions in population performance in A. albopictus, and may contribute to its invasion success and potential to spread infectious disease.}, number={7}, journal={Biological Invasions}, publisher={Springer Science and Business Media LLC}, author={Reiskind, Michael H. and Zarrabi, Ali A. and Lounibos, L. Philip}, year={2009}, month={Nov}, pages={2319–2328} }
 @article{reiskind_greene_lounibos_2009, title={Leaf species identity and combination affect performance and oviposition choice of two container mosquito species}, volume={34}, ISSN={0307-6946 1365-2311}, url={http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2311.2008.01067.x}, DOI={10.1111/j.1365-2311.2008.01067.x}, abstractNote={Abstract1. Resource diversity can be an important determinant of individual and population performance in insects. Fallen parts of plants form the nutritive base for many aquatic systems, including mosquito habitats, but the effect of plant diversity on mosquito production is poorly understood.}, number={4}, journal={Ecological Entomology}, publisher={Wiley}, author={Reiskind, Michael H. and Greene, Krystle L. and Lounibos, L. Philip}, year={2009}, month={Aug}, pages={447–456} }
 @article{reiskind_wilson_2008, title={Interspecific Competition Between Larval <I>Culex restuans</I> Theobald and <I>Culex pipiens</I> L.(Diptera: Culicidae) in Michigan}, volume={45}, ISSN={0022-2585 0022-2585}, url={http://dx.doi.org/10.1603/0022-2585(2008)45[20:icblcr]2.0.co;2}, DOI={10.1603/0022-2585(2008)45[20:icblcr]2.0.co;2}, abstractNote={Abstract Many invasive species succeed in becoming established in new locations because of their competitive superiority to native species. This has been shown in several examples involving mosquitoes. In this study, we examined the interspecific competition between mosquito larvae of a well-established, non-native species, Culex pipiens, and those of its ecologically similar, native congener Culex restuans. Small but significant differences in survival, growth, and development rates were found in Cx. restuans as a response to varying proportions of Cx. pipiens, suggesting that Cx. restuans is a slightly superior competitor. However, the overall differences between the species were small, and they may be nearly ecological equivalents as larvae. Nevertheless, the observed seasonal pattern of feeding and oviposition activity suggests some phenological avoidance of competition, thus demanding further study of the interaction of these two species.}, number={1}, journal={Journal of Medical Entomology}, publisher={Oxford University Press (OUP)}, author={Reiskind, Michael H. and Wilson, Mark L.}, year={2008}, month={Jan}, pages={20–27} }
 @article{alto_lounibos_reiskind_2008, title={Size Alters Susceptibility of Vectors to Dengue Virus Infection and Dissemination}, volume={79}, ISSN={0002-9637 1476-1645}, url={http://dx.doi.org/10.4269/ajtmh.2008.79.688}, DOI={10.4269/ajtmh.2008.79.688}, abstractNote={The size of arthropod vectors may affect their ability to transmit pathogens. Here we test the hypothesis that body size alters the susceptibility of Aedes aegypti and Aedes albopictus mosquitoes to dengue virus (DENV) infection and subsequent dissemination throughout the body of the mosquito. After feeding on blood containing known quantities of virus, smaller-sized females were significantly more likely to become infected and to disseminate virus than larger individuals. The effects of size were stronger for Ae. aegypti and independent of rearing conditions. Ae. albopictus was more susceptible to DENV infection and had higher virus titer in the body than Ae. aegypti, yet infected Ae. aegypti disseminated DENV more readily than infected Ae. albopictus. These results are consistent with the concept that Ae. aegypti is a more competent vector of DENV and emphasize the importance of body size in determining adult infection parameters.}, number={5}, journal={The American Journal of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene}, publisher={American Society of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene}, author={Alto, Barry W. and Lounibos, L. Philip and Reiskind, Michael H.}, year={2008}, month={Nov}, pages={688–695} }
 @article{reiskind_westbrook_pesko_mores_2008, title={Susceptibility of Florida Mosquitoes to Infection with Chikungunya Virus}, volume={78}, ISSN={0002-9637 1476-1645}, url={http://dx.doi.org/10.4269/ajtmh.2008.78.422}, DOI={10.4269/ajtmh.2008.78.422}, abstractNote={Chikungunya virus (CHIKV) has caused recent, large epidemics on islands in the Indian Ocean, raising the possibility of more widespread CHIKV epidemics. Historically, CHIKV has been vectored by Aedes aegypti, but these outbreaks likely also involved Ae. albopictus. To examine the potential for an outbreak of CHIKV in Florida, we determined the susceptibility to CHIKV of F1 Ae. aegypti and Ae. albopictus from Florida. In addition, we also evaluated two well-characterized laboratory strains (Rockefeller and Lake Charles) of these species. We determined infection and dissemination rates as well as total body titer of mosquitoes 7 days post-exposure (pe) (Ae. albopictus) and 3, 7, and 10 days pe (Ae. aegypti). All mosquito strains were susceptible to both infection and dissemination, with some variation between strains. Our results suggest Florida would be vulnerable to transmission of CHIKV in urban and rural areas where the two vector species occur.}, number={3}, journal={The American Journal of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene}, publisher={American Society of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene}, author={Reiskind, Michael H. and Westbrook, Catherine J. and Pesko, Kendra and Mores, Christopher N.}, year={2008}, month={Mar}, pages={422–425} }
 @article{alto_lounibos_mores_reiskind_2007, title={Larval competition alters susceptibility of adult
            Aedes
            mosquitoes to dengue infection}, volume={275}, ISSN={0962-8452 1471-2954}, url={http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rspb.2007.1497}, DOI={10.1098/rspb.2007.1497}, abstractNote={Dengue, the most important human arboviral disease, is transmitted primarily byAedes aegyptiand, to a lesser extent, byAedes albopictus. The current distributions of these invasive species overlap and are affected by interspecific larval competition in their container habitats. Here we report that competition also enhances dengue infection and dissemination rates in one of these two vector species. We determined the effects of competition on adultA. aegyptiandA. albopictus, comparing their susceptibility to infection with a Southeast Asian strain of dengue-2 virus. High levels of intra- or interspecific competition among larvae enhanced the susceptibility ofA. albopictusto dengue virus infection and potential for transmission, as indicated by disseminated infections. Doubling the number of competing larvae (A. albopictusorA. aegypti), led to a significant (more than 60%) increase in the proportion ofA. albopictuswith disseminated dengue-2 infection. Competition-enhanced vector competence appears to result from a reduction in ‘barriers’ (morphological or physiological) to virus infection and dissemination and may contribute to the importance ofA. albopictusin dengue transmission. Similar results for other unrelated arboviruses suggest that larval competition, common in mosquitoes, should be considered in estimates of vector competence for pathogens that infect humans.}, number={1633}, journal={Proceedings of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences}, publisher={The Royal Society}, author={Alto, Barry W and Lounibos, L. Philip and Mores, Christopher N and Reiskind, Michael H}, year={2007}, month={Dec}, pages={463–471} }
 @article{reiskind_2007, title={Vector and Rodent Borne Diseases in Europe and North America: Distribution, Public Health Burden, and Control}, volume={90}, ISSN={0015-4040 1938-5102}, url={http://dx.doi.org/10.1653/0015-4040(2007)90[589:varbdi]2.0.co;2}, DOI={10.1653/0015-4040(2007)90[589:varbdi]2.0.co;2}, number={3}, journal={Florida Entomologist}, publisher={Florida Entomological Society}, author={Reiskind, Michael H.}, year={2007}, month={Sep}, pages={589–590} }
 @article{reiskind_wilson_2004, title={Culex restuans (Diptera: Culicidae) Oviposition Behavior Determined by Larval Habitat Quality and Quantity in Southeastern Michigan}, volume={41}, ISSN={0022-2585 1938-2928}, url={http://dx.doi.org/10.1603/0022-2585-41.2.179}, DOI={10.1603/0022-2585-41.2.179}, abstractNote={Abstract Oviposition is a critical stage in the mosquito lifecycle, and may determine population levels, distribution, biting behavior, and pathogen transmission. Knowledge of the oviposition behavior of Culex restuans Theobald has become particularly important with the emergence of West Nile virus (WNV) in North America. Laboratory and field studies have examined some factors that contribute to oviposition choice in Culex spp., but few studies have investigated responses to cues of future competition and breeding habitat availability in the field. We hypothesized that female Cx. restuans mosquitoes avoid laying eggs in habitats containing cues of larval competition, and that increased availability of larval habitat decreases egg density. To test these hypotheses, a series of field experiments were conducted in southeastern Michigan during summer 2002. We found that female mosquitoes prefer nutrient-enriched containers and decrease ovipositing in containers with conspecific larvae. In addition, greater habitat abundance decreased egg clutch density per container, although there was considerable aggregation of egg clutches. These results support our hypotheses and have potentially important implications for pathogen transmission by mosquitoes.}, number={2}, journal={Journal of Medical Entomology}, publisher={Oxford University Press (OUP)}, author={Reiskind, Michael H. and Wilson, Mark L.}, year={2004}, month={Mar}, pages={179–186} }
 @article{reiskind_walton_wilson_2004, title={Nutrient-Dependent Reduced Growth and Survival of Larval Culex restuans (Diptera: Culicidae): Laboratory and Field Experiments in Michigan}, volume={41}, ISSN={0022-2585 1938-2928}, url={http://dx.doi.org/10.1603/0022-2585-41.4.650}, DOI={10.1603/0022-2585-41.4.650}, abstractNote={Abstract Culex restuans Theobold, a putative vector of West Nile virus among birds in northern North America, also may serve as a bridge vector to mammals. Despite its potential public health importance, little is known about what regulates populations of this species. Mosquitoes generally are subject to both density-dependent reductions in survival and growth and to density-independent limitations on their population abundances. The mechanisms by which density dependence may occur in this species were examined in both field and laboratory studies. Nutrient-dependent reductions in growth were found in field studies. Under laboratory conditions, nutrient levels in larval habitats and total water volume per container contributed to survival and growth of larvae. We related these findings to density-independent changes in available habitat for larval development observed in other studies. These results may suggest a mechanism for patterns of mosquito abundance.}, number={4}, journal={Journal of Medical Entomology}, publisher={Oxford University Press (OUP)}, author={Reiskind, Michael H. and Walton, Emily T. and Wilson, Mark L.}, year={2004}, month={Jul}, pages={650–656} }
 @article{vandermeer_evans_foster_hook_reiskind_wund_2002, title={Increased competition may promote species coexistence}, volume={99}, ISSN={0027-8424 1091-6490}, url={http://dx.doi.org/10.1073/pnas.142073599}, DOI={10.1073/pnas.142073599}, abstractNote={
            It is a mainstay of community ecology that local exclusion of species will result if competitive pressures become too large. The pattern of exclusion may be complicated, but the qualitative orthodoxy has changed little since the pioneering work of Lotka, Volterra, and Gause—no two species can occupy the same niche. Stated in a more precise form, the higher the intensity of interspecific competition in an assemblage of species, the fewer the number of species that can coexist in perpetuity. We suggest that this orthodoxy results from “linear” thinking, and that if the classical equations are formulated more realistically with attendant nonlinearities, the orthodoxy breaks down and higher levels of competition may actually increase the likelihood that species will avoid competitive exclusion. Furthermore, this increased probability of coexistence at higher levels of competition is accompanied by characteristic dynamic patterns: (
            i
            ) at lower levels of competition, after all extinction events have occurred, remaining species follow irregular chaotic patterns; (
            ii
            ) at higher levels of competition, when most species coexist, all species are entrained in a single large limit cycle; (
            iii
            ) the transient behavior appears to correspond to a special case of chaos, uniform phase chaotic amplitude.
          }, number={13}, journal={Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences}, publisher={Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences}, author={Vandermeer, J. and Evans, M. A. and Foster, P. and Hook, T. and Reiskind, M. and Wund, M.}, year={2002}, month={Jun}, pages={8731–8736} }
 @article{cooper_reiskind_miller_shelton_walther_elkinton_ewald_2002, title={Timing of transmission and the evolution of virulence of an insect virus}, volume={269}, ISSN={0962-8452 1471-2954}, url={http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rspb.2002.1976}, DOI={10.1098/rspb.2002.1976}, abstractNote={We used the nuclear polyhedrosis virus of the gypsy moth, Lymantria dispar, to investigate whether the timing of transmission influences the evolution of virulence. In theory, early transmission should favour rapid replication and increase virulence, while late transmission should favour slower replication and reduce virulence. We tested this prediction by subjecting one set of 10 virus lineages to early transmission (Early viruses) and another set to late transmission (Late viruses). Each lineage of virus underwent nine cycles of transmission. Virulence assays on these lineages indicated that viruses transmitted early were significantly more lethal than those transmitted late. Increased exploitation of the host appears to come at a cost, however. While Early viruses initially produced more progeny, Late viruses were ultimately more productive over the entire duration of the infection. These results illustrate fitness trade-offs associated with the evolution of virulence and indicate that milder viruses can obtain a numerical advantage when mild and harmful strains tend to infect separate hosts.}, number={1496}, journal={Proceedings of the Royal Society of London. Series B: Biological Sciences}, publisher={The Royal Society}, author={Cooper, V. S. and Reiskind, M. H. and Miller, J. A. and Shelton, K. A. and Walther, B. A. and Elkinton, J. S. and Ewald, P. W.}, year={2002}, month={Jun}, pages={1161–1165} }
 @article{reiskind_baisley_calampa_sharp_watts_wilson_2001, title={Epidemiological and ecological characteristics of past dengue virus infection in Santa Clara, Peru}, volume={6}, ISSN={1360-2276 1365-3156}, url={http://dx.doi.org/10.1046/j.1365-3156.2001.00703.x}, DOI={10.1046/j.1365-3156.2001.00703.x}, abstractNote={To determine risk factors associated with dengue (DEN) virus infection among residents of Santa Clara, Peru, a rural Amazonian village near Iquitos, a cross‐sectional serological, epidemiological and environmental survey was conducted. Demographic, social and behavioural information was obtained by standardized questionnaire from 1225 Santa Clara residents (61.3%) aged 5 years or older. Additional data were obtained on the environmental variables and immature mosquito species and abundance surrounding each household (n=248). Sera that had been collected previously by the Peruvian Ministry of Health from residents were tested by an enzyme‐linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) for DEN virus IgG antibody. Antibody identity was verified as DEN by plaque reduction neutralization test. Data on individuals were analysed by univariate and multivariable methods, and independent sample t‐tests. Spatial clustering was evaluated by comparing distances among DEN positive households. Overall, antibody prevalence was 29.4% and more than doubled from the youngest to the oldest age groups, but did not differ by sex. Curiously, length of residence in Santa Clara was negatively associated with DEN virus antibodies. More frequent travel to Iquitos was positively associated with seroprevalence. Residents who obtained water from a river source rather than a local well also had significantly higher antibody prevalence. None of the environmental variables measured at each household corresponded to the patterns of antibody distribution. Of the larval mosquitoes found around residences, all were determined to be species other than Aedes. No evidence of spatial autocorrelation among antibody‐positive households was detected. These results strongly suggested that recent DEN virus transmission did not occur in the village and that most infections of residents of this rural village were acquired while visiting the city of Iquitos.}, number={3}, journal={Tropical Medicine and International Health}, publisher={Wiley}, author={Reiskind, Michael H. and Baisley, Kathy J. and Calampa, Carlos and Sharp, Trueman W. and Watts, Douglas M. and Wilson, Mark L.}, year={2001}, month={Mar}, pages={212–218} }