@article{hakovirta_denuwara_topping_eloranta_2023, title={The corporate executive leadership team and its diversity: impact on innovativeness and sustainability of the bioeconomy}, volume={10}, ISSN={["2662-9992"]}, DOI={10.1057/s41599-023-01635-9}, abstractNote={AbstractSenior executives have a major role in leading corporations both strategically and operationally. In large corporations, the executive team is leading through their respective organizations, ensuring that corporate strategy is executed efficiently and effectively. In addition, executive management plays the key role in shaping the culture and the values of the corporation. There exists a wealth of research conducted on executive management team dynamics and the success factors related to their performance. This study examines how diversity in executive management impacts the perceived innovativeness of companies. We compare the most innovative companies and the largest players in the bioeconomy. Currently, the bioeconomy has received a lot of attention as it is considered one of the industries associated with solving global societal and environmental challenges. However, it is not perceived as highly innovative and is considered to be lacking in diversity among senior executive teams. This study adds to the body of knowledge connecting innovation, diversity, and corporate leadership and highlights similarities and differences from diversity perspective related to the companies investigated.}, number={1}, journal={HUMANITIES & SOCIAL SCIENCES COMMUNICATIONS}, author={Hakovirta, Marko and Denuwara, Navodya and Topping, Peter and Eloranta, Jorma}, year={2023}, month={Apr} }
 @article{hakovirta_kovanen_martikainen_manninen_harlin_2022, title={Corporate net zero strategy-Opportunities in start-up driven climate innovation}, ISSN={["1099-0836"]}, DOI={10.1002/bse.3291}, abstractNote={AbstractDuring the era of industrialization, over the period 1850–2019, the total anthropogenic emissions, caused by human activities, have been around 2390 billion tons of carbon dioxide. These concentrations are now higher than any time during the past 2 million years. Mitigating climate change is on top of the strategic agenda of most global leading enterprises. Climate change solutions demand unprecedented levels of innovation in technology, policy, finance, and business models. In this respect, the global innovation ecosystem is highly reliant on large corporations, research institutions, and academia. However, start‐ups are also in the core of innovation, and new start‐up businesses can accelerate and drive climate innovation. In this article, we discuss the role of start‐ups in corporate innovation and sustainability strategies, for mitigating climate change. We analyze the progress of start‐up businesses in driving decarbonization, identified as climate innovation. In addition to studying start‐up companies' deal counts, capital investments, and pre‐ and post‐valuations, we studied the industrial sectors in which the start‐ups in climate innovation businesses operate. The results show that the total combined 2000–2022 post‐valuation of climate innovation start‐ups was 27 billion EUR, and the share of these start‐ups and financial investments or deals grew by 2000% and 2811%, respectively. Our research highlights the importance of start‐up companies specifically in corporate innovation and sustainability strategies while implementing their highly ambitious corporate carbon zero targets and commitments.}, journal={BUSINESS STRATEGY AND THE ENVIRONMENT}, author={Hakovirta, Marko and Kovanen, Krista and Martikainen, Sonja and Manninen, Jussi and Harlin, Ali}, year={2022}, month={Oct} }
 @article{van schoubroeck_chacon_reynolds_lavoine_hakovirta_gonzalez_van passel_venditti_2023, title={Environmental sustainability perception toward obvious recovered waste content in paper-based packaging: An online and in-person survey best-worst scaling experiment}, volume={188}, ISSN={["1879-0658"]}, url={https://doi.org/10.1016/j.resconrec.2022.106682}, DOI={10.1016/j.resconrec.2022.106682}, abstractNote={This study explores consumers' visual sustainability impressions of paper-based packaging that has incorporated obvious waste content. Two research questions were addressed concerning (i) the environmental sustainability perception of noticeable waste content in packaging and (ii) the impact of the presentation format (i.e., online versus in-person surveys) when studying these perceptions. Best-worst scaling experiments were conducted, which made respondents choose the 'most' and 'least' environmentally friendly package. Packages were designed using paperboard substrates blending either brown linerboard or white hardwood pulp with different recovered waste materials. The results showed that consumers perceive obvious waste-containing packaging as more environmentally friendly than classical packaging (with no visual waste). Samples with a brown base and agricultural waste were perceived as more sustainable compared to white packaging and the use of paper waste. In addition, the presentation format changed respondents' perception, and should therefore be carefully considered when designing surveys.}, journal={RESOURCES CONSERVATION AND RECYCLING}, author={Van Schoubroeck, Sophie and Chacon, Lisandra and Reynolds, Autumn M. and Lavoine, Nathalie and Hakovirta, Marko and Gonzalez, Ronalds and Van Passel, Steven and Venditti, Richard A.}, year={2023}, month={Jan} }
 @article{aggarwal_hakovirta_2021, title={Supercritical carbon dioxide drying of municipal sewage sludge - Novel waste-to-energy valorization pathway}, volume={285}, ISSN={["1095-8630"]}, DOI={10.1016/j.jenvman.2021.112148}, abstractNote={Eighty percent of the world's wastewater is discharged back into nature without reuse and further treatment and solid byproduct of wastewater is either spread on land or landfilled. The valorization of municipal sewage sludge for energy use is a major opportunity for sustainable energy applications. This includes effective dewatering and drying of the sludge in addition to producing biogas during the anaerobic digestion. Supercritical CO 2 extraction process was investigated for the purpose of drying municipal sewage sludge. Remarkably our results showed that after sCO2 processing the higher heating value (HHV) of sludge at wet basis moisture content of 52% was 14 MJ/kg and thus higher than the HHV of brown coal with similar moisture level (12 MJ/kg). Our research also shows that under specific conditions sCO2 extraction reduces the moisture content of the municipal sludge from 89% to 53% in 15 min. Although, more research is needed this dewatering process could be considerably less energy intensive than conventional thermal and other drying processes. Another benefit is extraction of micro pollutants by sCO2 treatment and thus making the dried sludge more useable in energy applications as per regulations. Our results show an alternative and novel pathway for highly effective dewatering and drying of municipal and other types of sludge.}, journal={JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT}, author={Aggarwal, S. and Hakovirta, M.}, year={2021}, month={May} }
 @article{banerjee_sastri_aggarwal_hakovirta_2022, title={Dewatering coal with supercritical Carbon Dioxide}, volume={42}, ISSN={["1939-2702"]}, DOI={10.1080/19392699.2020.1715962}, abstractNote={ABSTRACT Supercritical CO2 (sCO2) dewaters coal through two mechanisms. For bituminous coal of 9.5% average moisture content the water is dissolved out of the coal and the concentration of water in the bulk sCO2 approximates its solubility limit. For lignite (54% average moisture content) the water extracted by the sCO2 exceeds its solubility limit in sCO2, which implies that a part of the water is displaced from, rather than dissolved out of the coal. Thus, there is a clear distinction between wet coals where most of the water is displaced, as compared to drier coals where the water is dissolved out. Hence, sCO2 dewatering will be especially efficient for high-moisture coals where there is significant free water available for displacement. Precedent for this process is available from the dewatering of wood flakes.}, number={5}, journal={INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF COAL PREPARATION AND UTILIZATION}, author={Banerjee, Sujit and Sastri, Bhima and Aggarwal, Salonika and Hakovirta, Marko}, year={2022}, month={May}, pages={1393–1399} }
 @article{hakovirta_denuwara_2020, title={How COVID-19 Redefines the Concept of Sustainability}, volume={12}, ISSN={["2071-1050"]}, url={https://doi.org/10.3390/su12093727}, DOI={10.3390/su12093727}, abstractNote={In January 2020, the World Health Organization (WHO) declared the outbreak of a new coronavirus disease, COVID-19, to be a public health emergency of international concern. Currently, in several countries globally, this pandemic continues to enforce the temporary closure of all nonessential shops and services aside from supermarkets and pharmacies. Workers in countries that are at a high risk of infection have been asked to work from home, as cities have been placed under lockdown. Even curfews to combat the spread of the virus have been imposed in several countries, with all this signaling an unprecedented disruption of commerce. Companies are facing various challenges regarding health and safety, supply chain, labor force, cash flow, consumer demand and marketing. People in the thousands are dying every day from the virus’s symptoms, while a public health issue has forced the world to come to a halt and rethink what a sustainable future for our planet and existence is. These drastic recent events have raised the deliberation by the authors to redefine the concept of sustainability.}, number={9}, journal={SUSTAINABILITY}, publisher={MDPI AG}, author={Hakovirta, Marko and Denuwara, Navodya}, year={2020}, month={May} }
 @article{johnson_faradilla_venditti_lucia_hakovirta_2020, title={Hydrothermal Carbonization of Nanofibrillated Cellulose: A Pioneering Model Study Demonstrating the Effect of Size on Final Material Qualities}, volume={8}, ISSN={2168-0485 2168-0485}, url={http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/acssuschemeng.9b05928}, DOI={10.1021/acssuschemeng.9b05928}, abstractNote={The morphological and physical properties of hydrochar from the hydrothermal carbonization of nanofibrillated cellulose (NFC) are herein described; it was found that the initial starting structure ...}, number={4}, journal={ACS Sustainable Chemistry & Engineering}, publisher={American Chemical Society (ACS)}, author={Johnson, Shelly and Faradilla, RH Fitri and Venditti, Richard A. and Lucia, Lucian and Hakovirta, Marko}, year={2020}, month={Jan}, pages={1823–1830} }
 @article{faradilla_lucia_hakovirta_2020, title={Remarkable Physical and Thermal Properties of Hydrothermal Carbonized Nanoscale Cellulose Observed from Citric Acid Catalysis and Acetone Rinsing}, volume={10}, ISSN={["2079-4991"]}, DOI={10.3390/nano10061049}, abstractNote={Citric acid (CA) was used for the hydrothermal carbonization (HTC) of cellulose nanofiber and found to exert remarkable effects on the chemistry and physical aspects of the product distribution. More specifically, the morphology, yield, elemental and proximate composition, chemical functional groups, thermal properties and surface properties of the resultant hydrochars were studied extensively. The morphological properties of the final char were the singularly most surprising and unique finding of this study. The cellulose nanofiber hydrochars were contrasted to hydrochars from bleached softwood pulp, having a similar composition with the former, to pinpoint the role of nano-dimensions. Without the presence of CA, the pulp hydrochar lacked several of the spherical dimensions shown in the nanocellulose; however, and unexpectedly, the presence of CA caused a homogenization of the final product distribution for both samples. Finally, thermally stable and high surface area hydrochars were obtained when the hydrochar was rinsed with acetone.}, number={6}, journal={NANOMATERIALS}, author={Faradilla, R. H. Fitri and Lucia, Lucian and Hakovirta, Marko}, year={2020}, month={Jun} }
 @article{hakovirta_denuwara_bharathi_topping_eloranta_2020, title={The importance of diversity on boards of directors' effectiveness and its impact on innovativeness in the bioeconomy}, volume={7}, ISSN={["2662-9992"]}, DOI={10.1057/s41599-020-00605-9}, abstractNote={AbstractA company’s board of directors plays a critical role in making decisions relating to strategy, high-level structure, and the appointment of the CEO. The role of the board and its impact on corporate performance has been well studied; however, the diversity of the board of directors and the corresponding correlation to the level of corporate innovativeness has not been previously investigated. Here, we provide a critical analysis of board members’ diversity as it relates to innovative corporations in what is considered a mature industry in transition to a bioeconomy: the pulp and paper industry. Our findings contribute to the body of knowledge on the role of board member diversity in shaping company culture and how that drives, shapes, and sustains innovation.}, number={1}, journal={HUMANITIES & SOCIAL SCIENCES COMMUNICATIONS}, author={Hakovirta, Marko and Denuwara, Navodya and Bharathi, Sivashankari and Topping, Peter and Eloranta, Jorma}, year={2020}, month={Oct} }
 @article{hakovirta_lucia_2019, title={Informal STEM education will accelerate the bioeconomy}, volume={37}, ISSN={["1546-1696"]}, DOI={10.1038/nbt.4331}, number={1}, journal={NATURE BIOTECHNOLOGY}, author={Hakovirta, Marko and Lucia, Lucian}, year={2019}, month={Jan}, pages={103–104} }
 @article{aggarwal_johnson_saloni_hakovirta_2019, title={Novel 3D printing filament composite using diatomaceous earth and polylactic acid for materials properties and cost improvement}, volume={177}, ISSN={["1879-1069"]}, url={http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.compositesb.2019.107310}, DOI={10.1016/j.compositesb.2019.107310}, abstractNote={There are a large variety of different materials currently used for producing 3D printing filaments. In this paper we are investigating the utilization of diatomaceous earth as a potential component for polylactic acid based 3D printing composite materials. The results clearly show that with only minor deterioration of the basic mechanical properties of the 3D printed material at least 10 wt% of the polylactic acid usage can be reduced and replaced by diatomaceous earth. Our thermal analysis also shows nucleation and chain mobility phenomena in the presence of diatomaceous earth particles. The results also show that we are able to engineer 3D printing surfaces with diatomaceous earth protruding from the composite structure and thus allowing us to create high surface area on the 3D printed objects surface. With this research we have shown for the first time an opportunity for cost reduction compared to using pure polylactic acid filaments and a pathway to immobilizing chemical sensing, antibacterial and antiviral agents on 3D printed objects for many applications such as biomedical.}, journal={COMPOSITES PART B-ENGINEERING}, author={Aggarwal, Salonika and Johnson, Shelly and Saloni, Daniel and Hakovirta, Marko}, year={2019}, month={Nov} }
 @article{aggarwal_johnson_hakovirta_sastri_banerjee_2019, title={Removal of Water and Extractives from Softwood with Supercritical Carbon Dioxide}, volume={58}, ISSN={["0888-5885"]}, DOI={10.1021/acs.iecr.8b05939}, abstractNote={Supercritical CO2 (sCO2) removes both water and extractives from wood chips and flakes at 60 °C. The water appears to be mostly displaced by sCO2 because its nominal concentration in sCO2 exceeds its solubility limit. SEM imaging and contact angle measurements show no major differences in surface properties between sCO2-treated and thermally dried flakes, which suggests that their interaction with resin should be similar. An economic analysis for the removal of water and extractives from pine flakes for the manufacture of oriented strand board shows that sCO2 treatment is potentially much more cost-effective than thermal drying from both capital and operational perspectives. The main reasons are that the water is removed by displacement rather than through evaporation, environmental control costs are drastically reduced, and the extractives removed represent a value stream instead of pollutants whose emissions need to be controlled. Because the sCO2 is largely recirculated, the process is greener than con...}, number={8}, journal={INDUSTRIAL & ENGINEERING CHEMISTRY RESEARCH}, author={Aggarwal, Salonika and Johnson, Shelly and Hakovirta, Marko and Sastri, Bhima and Banerjee, Sujit}, year={2019}, month={Feb}, pages={3170–3174} }
 @misc{denuwara_maijala_hakovirta_2019, title={Sustainability Benefits of RFID Technology in the Apparel Industry}, volume={11}, ISSN={["2071-1050"]}, url={https://www.mdpi.com/2071-1050/11/22/6477}, DOI={10.3390/su11226477}, abstractNote={Digitalization and big data are currently moving many industries forward and creating value-added efficiency improvements, new services, and business models. One area in industrial digitalization is RFID (Radio Frequency Identification) and related sensor technologies with benefits in asset visibility, employee productivity, risk management, loss, and theft mitigation. This literature review article is focused on specifically looking at digitalization in the apparel industry. Due to its complex global network, it has been a challenging industry to implement such technological advancements. Recent novel RFID system integrations have included highly innovative solutions in new store concepts, business models, and product traceability in the value chain. Inventory management has been improved by using RFID technology for creating and updating and for more efficient controls. Also, chain of custody of the various products in apparel and fashion can be more traceable and efficient. Improved customer connectivity and, therefore, customization are also important benefits using these technologies. Most benefits in using RFID in the apparel industry are related to economics and efficiencies. Similarly looking at scientific literature, the majority is focused on the more business-related value creation. In this publication, results of a systematically made literature review focusing on the three dimensions of sustainability (environmental, social, and economic systems) is reported. This review is done using value chain analyses, and it focuses on reported case studies to highlight the sustainability benefits of the RFID technology. According to the literature findings, this is the first review article that reports on the broader sustainability impact of RFID in the apparel industry. The findings show a very limited number of articles and the main focus of the articles found was in environmental aspects (44%). Following that was economic benefits (36%), and only a limited amount of research articles was found in social aspects of sustainability (20%). In addition to identifying the sustainability areas that RFID technology is related to, this article shows other areas of improvements using RFID technology in different parts of the apparel value chain.}, number={22}, journal={SUSTAINABILITY}, publisher={MDPI AG}, author={Denuwara, Navodya and Maijala, Juha and Hakovirta, Marko}, year={2019}, month={Nov} }
 @article{hakovirta_aksoy_nichols_farag_ashurst_2014, title={Functionalized Cellulose Fibers for Dewatering and Energy Efficiency Improvement}, volume={32}, ISSN={0737-3937 1532-2300}, url={http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/07373937.2014.887576}, DOI={10.1080/07373937.2014.887576}, abstractNote={Paper drying accounts for nearly 80% of the energy used in the papermaking process. This is due to the high energy requirements for the process of drying by vaporization. Because the cost-effectiveness of the various physical means of dewatering far exceeds that of thermal drying, significant energy savings can be expected if the physical dewatering effectiveness is improved. To that end, a novel method of enhancing the physical dewatering process that involves the addition of hydrophobic fibers to the pulp furnish is described and evaluated. Freeness and water retention measurements indicate that the addition of hydrophobic fibers at even a few weight percent may have a significant impact on the freeness and water retention properties of the furnish and therefore a significant improvement in the effectiveness of the physical dewatering of webs made using the hydrophobically tailored furnish material.}, number={12}, journal={Drying Technology}, publisher={Informa UK Limited}, author={Hakovirta, M. and Aksoy, B. and Nichols, O. and Farag, R. and Ashurst, W. Robert}, year={2014}, month={Jul}, pages={1401–1408} }