@article{jaunich_levis_decarolis_barlaz_ranjithan_2020, title={Exploring alternative solid waste management strategies for achieving policy goals}, volume={53}, ISSN={0305-215X 1029-0273}, url={http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/0305215X.2020.1759578}, DOI={10.1080/0305215X.2020.1759578}, abstractNote={The authors previously analysed a real-world solid waste management (SWM) system using the solid waste optimization life-cycle framework (SWOLF) to identify optimal SWM strategies that meet modelled objectives (e.g. cost, environmental impacts, landfill diversion). While mathematically optimal strategies can support SWM decision making, they may not be readily implementable because of unmodelled objectives (e.g. practical limitations, social preferences, political and management considerations). A mathematical programming technique extending SWOLF is used to systematically identify, for several scenarios, different ‘optimal’ SWM strategies that are maximally different from each other in terms of waste flows, while meeting modelled objectives and constraints. The performance with respect to unmodelled issues was analysed to demonstrate the flexibility in potential strategies. Practitioner feedback highlighted implementation challenges due to existing practices; however, insights gained from this exercise led to more plausible and acceptable strategies by incrementally modifying the initial SWM alternatives generated.}, number={5}, journal={Engineering Optimization}, publisher={Informa UK Limited}, author={Jaunich, Megan K. and Levis, James W. and DeCarolis, Joseph F. and Barlaz, Morton A. and Ranjithan, S. Ranji}, year={2020}, month={Jun}, pages={1–14} }
 @article{jaunich_decarolis_handfield_kemahlioglu-ziya_ranjithan_moheb-alizadeh_2020, title={Life-cycle modeling framework for electronic waste recovery and recycling processes}, volume={161}, ISSN={["1879-0658"]}, url={http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?eid=2-s2.0-85086084470&partnerID=MN8TOARS}, DOI={10.1016/j.resconrec.2020.104841}, abstractNote={Policies and regulations such as Extended Producer Responsibility (EPR) have been implemented to potentially increase the recycling rate of electronic waste (e-waste), but the cost and environmental impacts of associated collection, transportation, material recovery, material re-processing, and disposal could outweigh the benefits of recycling if the e-waste management system is not effectively designed and implemented. This paper presents a quantitative, holistic framework to systematically estimate life-cycle impacts and costs associated with e-waste management. This new framework was tested using data from the state of Washington's EPR program to represent e-waste collection, transportation, processing and disposal. Sensitivity of process-level life-cycle model outputs to parameter and input variability was also conducted. Drop-off using fossil-fuel-powered personal vehicles was found to be a key contributor to cost and carbon dioxide emissions. Decision-makers must account for drop-off and consider the feasibility of alternate e-waste aggregation strategies to ensure life-cycle benefits of e-waste recycling are maximized.}, journal={RESOURCES CONSERVATION AND RECYCLING}, author={Jaunich, Megan Kramer and DeCarolis, Joseph and Handfield, Robert and Kemahlioglu-Ziya, Eda and Ranjithan, S. Ranji and Moheb-Alizadeh, Hadi}, year={2020}, month={Oct} }
 @article{yaman_anil_jaunich_blaisi_alagha_yaman_gunday_2019, title={Investigation and modelling of greenhouse gas emissions resulting from waste collection and transport activities}, volume={37}, ISSN={["1096-3669"]}, DOI={10.1177/0734242X19882482}, abstractNote={Greenhouse gas emissions resulting from municipal solid waste management activities and the associated climate change impacts are getting great attention worldwide. This study investigates greenhouse gas emissions and their distribution during waste collection and transport activities in the Dammam region of Saudi Arabia. Greenhouse gas emissions and associated global warming factors were estimated based on diesel fuel consumption during waste collection and transport activities. Then, waste collection and transport data were used to parameterise a mechanistic collection model that can be used to estimate and predict future fuel consumption and greenhouse gas emissions. For the collection and transport of municipal waste in the study area, the average associated total greenhouse gas emissions were about 24,935 tCO2-eq. Global warming factors for three provinces were estimated as 25.23 kg CO2-eq t-1, 25.04 kg CO2-eq t-1, and 37.15 kg CO2-eq t-1, respectively. Lastly, the American Meteorological Society/Environmental Protection Agency Regulatory Model (AERMOD) modelling system was used to estimate the atmospheric dispersion of greenhouse gas emissions. Model results revealed that the maximum daily greenhouse gas concentrations ranged between 0.174 and 97.3 mg m-3, while annual average greenhouse gas concentrations were found to be between 0.012 and 27.7 mg m-3 within the study domain. The highest greenhouse gas concentrations were observed for the regions involving the municipal solid waste collection routes owing to their higher source emission rates.}, number={12}, journal={WASTE MANAGEMENT & RESEARCH}, author={Yaman, Cevat and Anil, Ismail and Jaunich, Megan K. and Blaisi, Nawaf I. and Alagha, Omar and Yaman, Ayse B. and Gunday, Seyda T.}, year={2019}, month={Dec}, pages={1282–1290} }
 @article{jaunich_levis_decarolis_barlaz_ranjithan_2019, title={Solid Waste Management Policy Implications on Waste Process Choices and Systemwide Cost and Greenhouse Gas Performance}, volume={53}, ISSN={0013-936X 1520-5851}, url={http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/acs.est.8b04589}, DOI={10.1021/acs.est.8b04589}, abstractNote={Solid waste management (SWM) is a key function of local government and is critical to protecting human health and the environment. Development of effective SWM strategies should consider comprehensive SWM process choices and policy implications on system-level cost and environmental performance. This analysis evaluated cost and select environmental implications of SWM policies for Wake County, North Carolina using a life-cycle approach. A county-specific data set and scenarios were developed to evaluate alternatives for residential municipal SWM, which included combinations of a mixed waste material recovery facility (MRF), anaerobic digestion, and waste-to-energy combustion in addition to existing SWM infrastructure (composting, landfilling, single stream recycling). Multiple landfill diversion and budget levels were considered for each scenario. At maximum diversion, the greenhouse gas (GHG) mitigation costs ranged from 30 to 900 $/MTCO2e; the lower values were when a mixed waste MRF was used, and the higher values when anaerobic digestion was used. Utilization of the mixed waste MRF was sensitive to the efficiency of material separation and operating cost. Maintaining the current separate collection scheme limited the potential for cost and GHG reductions. Municipalities seeking to cost-effectively increase landfill diversion while reducing GHGs should consider waste-to-energy, mixed waste separation, and changes to collection.}, number={4}, journal={Environmental Science & Technology}, publisher={American Chemical Society (ACS)}, author={Jaunich, Megan K. and Levis, James W. and DeCarolis, Joseph F. and Barlaz, Morton A. and Ranjithan, S. Ranji}, year={2019}, month={Jan}, pages={1766–1775} }
 @article{jaunich_levis_decarolis_gaston_barlaz_bartelt-hunt_jones_hauser_jaikumar_2016, title={Characterization of municipal solid waste collection operations}, volume={114}, ISSN={0921-3449}, url={http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.resconrec.2016.07.012}, DOI={10.1016/j.resconrec.2016.07.012}, abstractNote={Solid waste collection contributes to the cost, emissions, and fossil fuel required to manage municipal solid waste. Mechanistic models to estimate these parameters are necessary to perform integrated assessments of solid waste management alternatives using a life-cycle approach; however, models are only as good as their parameterization. This study presents operational waste collection data that can be used in life-cycle models for areas with similar collection systems, and provides illustrative results from a collection process model using operational data. Fuel use and times associated with various aspects of waste collection were obtained for vehicles collecting mixed residential (residual) waste, recyclables, and yard waste from single-family residences in selected municipalities. The total average fuel economy for similarly-sized diesel collection vehicles was 0.6-1.4 km/L (1.4–3.3 mpg (miles per gallon)) for residual waste and 0.8–1 km/L (1.9–2.4 mpg) for recyclables. For residual waste and recyclables collection stops, the average time to collect at each residence using automated collection was 11–12 s and 13–17 s, respectively. The average time between stops was 11–12 s and 10–13 for residuals and recyclables, respectively. A single yard waste route was observed, and all collection times were longer than those measured for either recycling or residual waste. Unload or tip times were obtained or measured at a landfill, transfer station, and material recovery facility (MRF). Average time to unload was 7–9 min at a MRF, 14–22 min at a landfill, and 11 min at a transfer station. Commercial and multi-family collection vehicles tend to have longer stops and spend more time between stops than single-family collection, and a larger portion of fuel is used while driving relative to single-family collection. Roll-off vehicles, which collect more waste per stop, spend longer at each stop and drive longer distances between stops than front-loader vehicles. Diesel roll-offs averaged 2.4 km/L (5.7 mpg) and front-loaders averaged 1.4 km/L (3.3 mpg).}, journal={Resources, Conservation and Recycling}, publisher={Elsevier BV}, author={Jaunich, Megan K. and Levis, James W. and DeCarolis, Joseph F. and Gaston, Eliana V. and Barlaz, Morton A. and Bartelt-Hunt, Shannon L. and Jones, Elizabeth G. and Hauser, Lauren and Jaikumar, Rohit}, year={2016}, month={Nov}, pages={92–102} }
 @article{jaunich_levis_barlaz_decarolis_2016, title={Lifecycle Process Model for Municipal Solid Waste Collection}, volume={142}, ISSN={0733-9372 1943-7870}, url={http://dx.doi.org/10.1061/(ASCE)EE.1943-7870.0001065}, DOI={10.1061/(ASCE)EE.1943-7870.0001065}, abstractNote={AbstractA process model was developed using a lifecycle approach to estimate the cost and energy use associated with municipal solid waste collection, which is the most fuel-intensive and often the most costly aspect of solid waste management. The model divides collection service areas into single-family residential, multi-family residential, and commercial sectors with sector-specific, user-defined characteristics, including population, waste generation, and waste composition. Waste is collected by a set of processes (e.g., residual waste, recyclables collection) defined by costs, collection activity parameters, and energy use. The model overpredicted fuel use by ~25% compared with data obtained from actual single-family residential collection routes and their average fuel efficiencies, but was within 10% when modal fuel efficiencies (e.g., driving, idling) were considered. Adding recyclables or yard waste collection to a mixed waste collection program increased fuel consumption by approximately 75% per ...}, number={8}, journal={Journal of Environmental Engineering}, publisher={American Society of Civil Engineers (ASCE)}, author={Jaunich, Megan K. and Levis, James W. and Barlaz, Morton A. and DeCarolis, Joseph F.}, year={2016}, month={Aug}, pages={04016037} }
 @inproceedings{jaunich_levis_decarolis_barlaz_2015, title={A municipal solid waste collection model for estimating costs and emissions}, volume={1}, url={http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?eid=2-s2.0-84983078646&partnerID=MN8TOARS}, booktitle={Proceedings of the Air and Waste Management Association's Annual Conference and Exhibition, AWMA}, author={Jaunich, M.K. and Levis, J.W. and DeCarolis, J.F. and Barlaz, M.A.}, year={2015}, pages={69–73} }
 @article{jaunich_raje_kim_mitra_guo_2008, title={Bio-heat transfer analysis during short pulse laser irradiation of tissues}, volume={51}, url={http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?eid=2-s2.0-53049102470&partnerID=MN8TOARS}, DOI={10.1016/j.ijheatmasstransfer.2008.04.033}, abstractNote={The objective of this paper is to analyze the temperature distributions and heat affected zone in skin tissue medium when irradiated with either a collimated or a focused laser beam from a short pulse laser source. Experiments are performed on multi-layer tissue phantoms simulating skin tissue with embedded inhomogeneities simulating subsurface tumors and as well as on freshly excised mouse skin tissue samples. Two types of lasers have been used in this study – namely a Q-switched pulsed 1064 nm Nd:YAG short pulse laser having a pulse width of 200 ns and a 1552 nm diode short pulsed laser having a pulse width of 1.3 ps. Experimental measurements of axial and radial temperature distribution in the tissue medium are compared with the numerical modeling results. For numerical modeling, the transient radiative transport equation is first solved using a discrete ordinates method for obtaining the intensity distribution and radiative heat flux inside the tissue medium. Then the temperature distribution is obtained by coupling the bio-heat transfer equation with either hyperbolic non-Fourier or parabolic Fourier heat conduction model. The hyperbolic heat conduction equation is solved using MacCormack’s scheme with error terms correction. It is observed that experimentally measured temperature distribution is in good agreement with that predicted by hyperbolic heat conduction model. The experimental measurements demonstrate that converging laser beam focused directly at the subsurface location can produce desired high temperature at that location compared to that produced by collimated laser beam for the same laser parameters. Finally the ablated tissue removal is characterized using histological studies as a function of laser parameters.}, number={23-24}, journal={International Journal of Heat and Mass Transfer}, author={Jaunich, M. and Raje, S. and Kim, K. and Mitra, K. and Guo, Z.}, year={2008}, pages={5511–5521} }
 @inproceedings{jaunich_raje_mitra_grace_fahey_spooner_2008, title={Ultra-short pulsed laser tissue ablation using focused laser beam}, volume={6854}, url={http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?eid=2-s2.0-42249110355&partnerID=MN8TOARS}, DOI={10.1117/12.764200}, abstractNote={Short pulse lasers are used for a variety of therapeutic applications in medicine. Recently ultra-short pulse lasers have gained prominence due to the reduction in collateral thermal damage to surrounding healthy tissue during tissue ablation. In this paper, ultra-short pulsed laser ablation of mouse skin tissue is analyzed by assessing the extent of damage produced due to focused laser beam irradiation. The laser used for this study is a fiber-based desktop laser (Raydiance, Inc.) having a wavelength of 1552 nm and a pulse width of 1.3 ps. The laser beam is focused on the sample surface to a spot size on the order of 10 microns, thus producing high peak intensity necessary for precise clean ablation. A parametric study is performed on in vitro mouse tissue specimens and live anaesthetized mice with mammary tumors through variation of laser parameters such as time-averaged laser power, repetition rate, laser scanning rate and irradiation time. Radial temperature distribution is measured using thermal camera to analyze the heat affected zone. Temperature measurements are performed to assess the peak temperature rise attained during ablation. A detailed histological study is performed using frozen section technique to observe the nature and extent of laser-induced damages.}, booktitle={Progress in Biomedical Optics and Imaging - Proceedings of SPIE}, author={Jaunich, M.K. and Raje, S. and Mitra, K. and Grace, M.S. and Fahey, M. and Spooner, G.}, year={2008} }
 @inproceedings{fahey_jaunich_dutta_tata_waynant_mason_mitra_2007, title={Non-thermal dental ablation using ultra-short pulsed near infrared laser}, url={http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?eid=2-s2.0-40449103708&partnerID=MN8TOARS}, booktitle={Proceedings of the ASME Summer Bioengineering Conference 2007, SBC 2007}, author={Fahey, M.E. and Jaunich, M.K. and Dutta, A. and Tata, D.B. and Waynant, R.W. and Mason, H.L. and Mitra, K.}, year={2007}, pages={81–82} }