@article{rizkalla_lucier_dawood_2012, title={Innovative Use of FRP for the Precast Industry}, volume={15}, ISSN={["2048-4011"]}, DOI={10.1260/1369-4332.15.4.565}, abstractNote={ This paper presents several advancements in the use of fiber reinforced polymer (FRP) materials for the precast concrete industry. Precast concrete members are commonly selected for reasons such as the high level of quality control used in their production, the durability of the finished structure, reduced labor costs and shorter construction schedules, and the economics of scale achieved with mass-production of components. The environmental durability, high strength to weight ratio, and ease of installation of FRP reinforcements an attractive alternative material for the precast industry. This paper presents several advancements in the use of FRP grid as flange reinforcement for precast double-tee members, as a shear transfer mechanism for thermally efficient composite and partially-composite load bearing wall panels, as reinforcement for precast architectural cladding panels. Each of these applications highlights the advantages of using FRP materials to achieve significant enhancement of the structural, thermal and architectural performance. The innovative use of the FRP materials and the unique construction techniques described have resulted in the development of safe and functional structures, as demonstrated by the research conducted by the authors and others in collaboration with the precast industry. }, number={4}, journal={Advances in Structural Engineering Journal}, author={Rizkalla, S. and Lucier, G. and Dawood, M.}, year={2012}, month={Apr}, pages={565–574} }
 @inproceedings{bobko_elsaid_dawood_zanjanizedah_seracino_2010, title={Natural fiber reinforced concrete: Microstructure, internal curing, and mechanical properties from nanoindentation and macroscopic testing}, booktitle={ASCE Engineering Mechanics Institute Conference}, author={Bobko, C. and Elsaid, A.H and Dawood, M. and Zanjanizedah, V. and Seracino, R.}, year={2010} }
 @article{dawood_taylor_rizkalla_2010, title={Two-way bending behavior of 3-D GFRP sandwich panels with through-thickness fiber insertions}, volume={92}, ISSN={["1879-1085"]}, DOI={10.1016/j.compstruct.2009.09.040}, abstractNote={This paper presents the details of a research program that was conducted to evaluate the two-way bending behavior of 3-D glass fiber reinforced polymer (GFRP) sandwich panels. The panels consist of GFRP skins with a foam core and through-thickness fiber insertions. While the behavior of these panels under one-way bending is relatively well understood the behavior under two-way bending has not yet been investigated. An experimental program was conducted to evaluate the effect of the fiber insertion pattern and the panel thickness on the two-way bending behavior under the effect of a concentrated load. The experimental results were used to verify a non-linear, static finite element model which was used to introduce a simplified method to predict the behavior. The measured and predicted responses indicate that at lower deflections the panel behavior is dominated by plate bending action while for higher deflections membrane action dominates. The finite element analysis was extended to study the effect of different parameters which were not tested in the experimental program. The parametric study indicates that increasing the relative flexural or shear rigidities of the panel alters the behavior towards the plate bending mechanism thereby reducing the percentage of load carried by membrane action.}, number={4}, journal={COMPOSITE STRUCTURES}, author={Dawood, M. and Taylor, E. and Rizkalla, S.}, year={2010}, month={Mar}, pages={950–963} }
 @article{dawood_guddati_rizkalla_2009, title={Effective Splices for a Carbon Fiber-Reinforced Polymer Strengthening System for Steel Bridges and Structures}, ISSN={["0361-1981"]}, DOI={10.3141/2131-12}, abstractNote={ Carbon fiber–reinforced polymer (CFRP) materials have been used successfully to strengthen reinforced concrete bridges and structures. Recently, a new high modulus CFRP strengthening system was developed to increase the allowable load carrying capacity and to enhance the serviceability of steel bridges and structures. Because of the relatively high flexural rigidity of the CFRP materials, the length of the CFRP plates that can be transported to the job site is limited. To implement the proposed strengthening system in longer-span steel bridges, adjacent lengths of CFRP must be spliced. To develop an effective splice joint for the proposed strengthening system, an experimental and analytical research program was conducted to study the bond behavior of the CFRP materials. The parameters considered included plate end geometry, splice length, and the possibility of using mechanical anchorage. The analytical study included a finite element analysis to determine the distribution of the stresses within the adhesive layer for different splice configurations. On the basis of the findings, a simplified method was proposed to design lap splice joints with different reversed taper angles and adhesive properties. The research concluded that, with proper detailing, the proposed CFRP system could be effectively used to strengthen steel bridges and structures. }, number={2131}, journal={TRANSPORTATION RESEARCH RECORD}, author={Dawood, Mina and Guddati, Murthy and Rizkalla, Sami}, year={2009}, pages={125–133} }
 @article{rizkalla_dawood_schnerch_2008, title={Development of a carbon fiber reinforced polymer system for strengthening steel structures}, volume={39}, ISSN={1359-835X}, url={http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.compositesa.2007.10.009}, DOI={10.1016/j.compositesa.2007.10.009}, abstractNote={This paper summarizes the development and use of high modulus carbon fiber reinforced polymer (HM CFRP) materials for the retrofit of steel structures and bridges. The development work included selection of an appropriate adhesive for bonding HM CFRP materials to steel and the performance of large-scale steel–concrete composite beams tested to examine the behavior using different strengthening schemes. The experimental program investigated the behavior of the strengthening system under fatigue and overloading conditions. A detailed study of bond behavior, including the possible presence of shear-lag effects and performance of spliced joints is also presented. Based on the findings, flexural design guidelines are proposed. The study indicates that CFRP materials can be effectively used to enhance the serviceability and ultimate strength of steel flexural members.}, number={2}, journal={Composites Part A: Applied Science and Manufacturing}, publisher={Elsevier BV}, author={Rizkalla, Sami and Dawood, Mina and Schnerch, David}, year={2008}, month={Feb}, pages={388–397} }
 @article{mast_dawood_rizkalla_zia_2008, title={Flexural strength design of concrete beams reinforced with high-strength steel bars}, volume={105}, number={5}, journal={ACI Structural Journal}, author={Mast, R. F. and Dawood, M. and Rizkalla, S. H. and Zia, P.}, year={2008}, pages={570–577} }
 @article{dawood_rizkalla_sumner_2007, title={Fatigue and overloading Behavior of steel-concrete composite flexural members strengthened with high modulus CFRP materials}, volume={11}, DOI={10.1061/(ASCE)1090-0268(2007)11:6(659)}, abstractNote={Due to corrosion and the continuous demand to increase traffic loads, there is a need for an effective system which can be used to repair and/or strengthen steel bridges and structures. This paper describes an experimental program, recently completed, to investigate the fundamental behavior of steel–concrete composite scaled bridge beams strengthened with new high modulus carbon fiber-reinforced polymer (HM CFRP) materials. The behavior of the beams under overloading conditions and fatigue loading conditions was studied as well as the possible presence of shear lag at the interface of the steel surface and the CFRP strengthening material. The test results are compared to an analytical model based on the fundamental principles of equilibrium and compatibility, to predict the behavior of the strengthened steel–concrete composite beams. Based on the findings of this research work, combined with other work in the literature, a design guideline is proposed for the use of HM CFRP for strengthening the steel fle...}, number={6}, journal={Journal of Composites for Construction}, author={Dawood, M. and Rizkalla, S. and Sumner, E.}, year={2007}, pages={659–669} }
 @misc{dawood_rizkalla_gleich_2007, title={Galvanic corrosion rare with proper detailing}, volume={52}, number={5}, journal={PCI Journal}, author={Dawood, M. and Rizkalla, S. and Gleich, H.}, year={2007}, pages={27–29} }
 @article{schnerch_dawood_rizkalla_sumner_2007, title={Proposed design guidelines for strengthening of steel bridges with FRP materials}, volume={21}, ISSN={["1879-0526"]}, DOI={10.1016/j.conbuildmat.2006.03.003}, abstractNote={This paper focuses on the use of externally bonded high modulus carbon fiber reinforced polymer (HM CFRP) materials to strengthen steel bridges and structures. Proper installation of the CFRP materials is necessary to prevent premature failure due to debonding. The paper proposes guidelines and installation techniques based on the best practice reported in the literature and the extensive practical experience in bonding of composite materials. The surface preparation of the materials, the application of the adhesive and the detailing of the strengthening are provided in detail. The design guidelines include the structural design criteria for the use of high modulus CFRP materials as flexural strengthening system of typical steel–concrete composite bridge girders. The flexural design procedure is based on a moment–curvature analysis and a specified increase of the live load carried by the bridge to satisfy specific serviceability requirements. A bond model is also described which can be used to calculate the shear and peel stresses within the adhesive thickness. To prevent a premature debonding failure of the strengthening system, the criteria specify a maximum principle stress in the adhesive which cannot be exceeded for a given characteristic strength of an adhesive. A worked example is presented to illustrate the proposed flexural design approach. The research findings conclude that high modulus CFRP materials provide a promising alternative for strengthening steel bridges that can be easily designed and installed to increase their strength and stiffness.}, number={5}, journal={CONSTRUCTION AND BUILDING MATERIALS}, author={Schnerch, D. and Dawood, M. and Rizkalla, S. and Sumner, E.}, year={2007}, month={May}, pages={1001–1010} }
 @article{schnerch_dawood_rizkalla_sumner_stanford_2006, title={Bond behavior of CFRP strengthened steel structures}, volume={9}, ISSN={["1369-4332"]}, DOI={10.1260/136943306779369464}, abstractNote={ Recent research has focused on rehabilitation and strengthening of steel structures and bridges using fiber reinforced polymer (FRP) materials. The bond behavior of FRP materials to steel structures is quite different from that of concrete structures. Preliminary test results showed the occurrence of very high bond stresses for most strengthening applications due to the amount of strengthening required for steel structures and bridges. In this paper, surface preparation methods and means of preventing galvanic corrosion are discussed. The results of an experimental program for selection of suitable adhesives through determination of the development length is discussed as well as preliminary testing showing the importance of proper detailing of the ends of the FRP strips. The shear stress distribution determined in the experimental program is compared to analytical models using a stress-based approach. The remainder of the paper focuses on the current methods for determining bond stresses and their use for the design of FRP strengthening system for steel structures. }, number={6}, journal={ADVANCES IN STRUCTURAL ENGINEERING}, author={Schnerch, D. and Dawood, M. and Rizkalla, S. and Sumner, E. and Stanford, K.}, year={2006}, month={Dec}, pages={805–817} }