@article{woodard_federman_james_danforth_griswold_inouye_mcfrederick_morandin_paul_sellers_et al._2020, title={Towards a US national program for monitoring native bees}, volume={252}, ISSN={["1873-2917"]}, DOI={10.1016/j.biocon.2020.108821}, abstractNote={North America has more than 4000 bee species, yet we have little information on the health, distribution, and population trends of most of these species. In the United States, what information is available is distributed across multiple institutions, and efforts to track bee populations are largely uncoordinated on a national scale. An overarching framework for monitoring U.S. native bees could provide a system that is responsive to national needs, resources, and capacities. Five major action areas and priorities for structuring a coordinated effort include: (1) Defining the scope, aims, and cost of a national native bee monitoring program; (2) Improving the national capacity in bee taxonomy and systematics; (3) Gathering and cataloging data that are standardized, accessible, and sustainable; (4) Identifying survey methods and prioritizing taxa to monitor; and (5) Prioritizing geographic areas to be monitored. Here, we detail the needs, challenges, and opportunities associated with developing a multi-layered U.S. national plan for native bee monitoring.}, journal={BIOLOGICAL CONSERVATION}, author={Woodard, S. Hollis and Federman, Sarah and James, Rosalind R. and Danforth, Bryan N. and Griswold, Terry L. and Inouye, David and McFrederick, Quinn S. and Morandin, Lora and Paul, Deborah L. and Sellers, Elizabeth and et al.}, year={2020}, month={Dec} }
 @article{beasley_fitzgerald_fowler_keleher_lopez-uribe_dunn_2019, title={Do Bee Wings Adapt for Flight in Urban Environments?}, volume={18}, ISSN={["1938-5412"]}, DOI={10.1656/058.018.0210}, abstractNote={Abstract Understanding how organisms respond to urban-associated environmental changes is key to protecting vulnerable species. Bees, in particular, have gained interest due to their economic and ecological roles. We used a geometric morphometric approach to describe changes in wing shape and size in the solitary bee Andrena barbara (Barbara's Miner) collected across an urban landscape. We found that, although the wing morphology suggests a limited dispersal ability in its short and narrow frame, the urban landscape did not significantly explain how wing shape or size vary. Our findings are consistent with other studies that show little variation in wing morphology in urban solitary bees, and suggests that urban habitats may potentially serve an important role in bee conservation.}, number={2}, journal={SOUTHEASTERN NATURALIST}, author={Beasley, DeAnna E. and Fitzgerald, Jacquelyn L. and Fowler, Alison and Keleher, Kirsten and Lopez-Uribe, Margarita M. and Dunn, Robert R.}, year={2019}, month={May}, pages={183–191} }
 @article{youngsteadt_lopez-uribe_sorenson_2019, title={Ecology in the Sixth Mass Extinction: Detecting and Understanding Rare Biotic Interactions}, volume={112}, ISSN={["1938-2901"]}, DOI={10.1093/aesa/saz007}, abstractNote={The Earth is experiencing a wave of anthropogenic biodiversity loss, such that current rates of extinction are 100–1,000 times the background rate observed between prior mass extinctions in the fossil record (Barnosky et al. 2011, Pimm et al. 2014). These losses place Earth’s biota in the early stages of an extinction event comparable to those precipitated only five times before in the past 540 million years (Barnosky et al. 2011, Ceballos et al. 2015). Among plants—the foundation of terrestrial food webs—an estimated 20% of all species are currently threatened with extinction (Brummitt et al. 2015). Among invertebrates, conservation status has been reviewed for only about 1% of described species, and of those, some 40% are threatened (Dirzo et al. 2014). Regional surveys regularly detect striking losses in insect biomass and population size over recent decades (e.g., Fox 2013, Hallmann et al. 2017, Lister and Garcia 2018). Loss of species richness, population size, and biomass are striking, but they do not capture the full impact of biotic change. Each species participates in a web of interactions, such as predation, parasitism, and mutualism, that underpin ecosystem functions (Tylianakis et al. 2008). These interactions are expected to disappear before the species themselves (McConkey and Drake 2006, Valiente-Banuet et al. 2015), precipitating changes in ecosystem function and extinction of other species that depend on the interactions (Säterberg et al. 2013, Risch et al. 2018). In this context, the study of rare biotic interactions is becoming more widespread and more urgent; however, challenges abound in detecting such interactions and interpreting their ecological relevance. These challenges were the focus of a Plant-Insect Ecosystems Section Symposium convened at the 2017 annual meeting of the Entomological Society of America in Denver, CO. Among the symposium’s 16 presenters, 6 contributed papers to this collection, providing a cross section of the dimensions of rarity with which ecologists must grapple.}, number={3}, journal={ANNALS OF THE ENTOMOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF AMERICA}, author={Youngsteadt, Elsa and Lopez-Uribe, Margarita M. and Sorenson, Clyde E.}, year={2019}, month={May}, pages={119–121} }
 @article{kamvar_lopez-uribe_coughlan_grunwald_lapp_manel_2017, title={Developing educational resources for population genetics in R: an open and collaborative approach}, volume={17}, ISSN={["1755-0998"]}, DOI={10.1111/1755-0998.12558}, abstractNote={Abstract}, number={1}, journal={MOLECULAR ECOLOGY RESOURCES}, author={Kamvar, Zhian N. and Lopez-Uribe, Margarita M. and Coughlan, Simone and Grunwald, Niklaus J. and Lapp, Hilmar and Manel, Stephanie}, year={2017}, month={Jan}, pages={120–128} }
 @article{lopez-uribe_appler_youngsteadt_dunn_frank_tarpy_2017, title={Higher immunocompetence is associated with higher genetic diversity in feral honey bee colonies (Apis mellifera)}, volume={18}, ISSN={["1572-9737"]}, url={http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?eid=2-s2.0-85013371895&partnerID=MN8TOARS}, DOI={10.1007/s10592-017-0942-x}, number={3}, journal={CONSERVATION GENETICS}, author={Lopez-Uribe, Margarita M. and Appler, R. Holden and Youngsteadt, Elsa and Dunn, Robert R. and Frank, Steven D. and Tarpy, David R.}, year={2017}, month={Jun}, pages={659–666} }
 @article{lopez-uribe_fitzgerald_simone-finstrom_2017, title={Inducible versus constitutive social immunity: examining effects of colony infection on glucose oxidase and defensin-1 production in honeybees}, volume={4}, ISSN={["2054-5703"]}, DOI={10.1098/rsos.170224}, abstractNote={
            Honeybees use a variety of defence mechanisms to reduce disease infection and spread throughout the colony. Many of these defences rely on the collective action of multiple individuals to prevent, reduce or eradicate pathogens—often referred to as ‘social immunity’. Glucose oxidase (GOX) and some antimicrobial peptides (e.g. defensin-1 or Def1) are secreted by the hypopharyngeal gland of adult bees on larval food for their antiseptic properties. Because workers secrete these compounds to protect larvae, they have been used as ‘biomarkers’ for social immunity. The aim of this study was to investigate if GOX and Def1 are induced after pathogen exposure to determine whether its production by workers is the result of a collective effort to protect the brood and colony in response to a pathogen challenge. Specifically, we quantified GOX and Def1 in honeybee adults before and after colony-level bacterial infection by American foulbrood ((AFB),
            Paenibacillus larvae
            ). Overall, our results indicate that levels of GOX and Def1 are not induced in response to pathogenic infections. We therefore conclude that GOX and Def1 are highly constitutive and co-opted as mechanisms of social immunity, and these factors should be considered when investigating immunity at the individual and colony level in social insects.
          }, number={5}, journal={ROYAL SOCIETY OPEN SCIENCE}, author={Lopez-Uribe, Margarita M. and Fitzgerald, Andrea and Simone-Finstrom, Michael}, year={2017}, month={May} }
 @article{lopez-uribe_cane_minckley_danforth_2016, title={Crop domestication facilitated rapid geographical expansion of a specialist pollinator, the squash bee Peponapis pruinosa}, volume={283}, ISSN={["1471-2954"]}, DOI={10.1098/rspb.2016.0443}, abstractNote={Squash was first domesticated in Mexico and is now found throughout North America (NA) along withPeponapis pruinosa, a pollen specialist bee species of the squash genusCucurbita. The origin and spread of squash cultivation is well-studied archaeologically and phylogenetically; however, no study has documented how cultivation of this or any other crop has influenced species in mutualistic interactions. We used molecular markers to reconstruct the demographic range expansion and colonization routes ofP. pruinosafrom its native range into temperate NA. Populations east of the Rocky Mountains expanded from the wild host plant's range in Mexico and were established by a series of founder events. Eastern North America was most likely colonized from squash bee populations in the present-day continental Midwest USA and not from routes that followed the Gulf and Atlantic coasts from Mexico. Populations ofP. pruinosawest of the Rockies spread north from the warm deserts much more recently, showing two genetically differentiated populations with no admixture: one in California and the other one in eastern Great Basin. These bees have repeatedly endured severe bottlenecks as they colonized NA, following human spread of theirCucurbitapollen hosts during the Holocene.}, number={1833}, journal={PROCEEDINGS OF THE ROYAL SOCIETY B-BIOLOGICAL SCIENCES}, author={Lopez-Uribe, Margarita M. and Cane, James H. and Minckley, Robert L. and Danforth, Bryan N.}, year={2016}, month={Jun} }
 @article{lopez-uribe_sconiers_frank_dunn_tarpy_2016, title={Reduced cellular immune response in social insect lineages}, volume={12}, ISSN={["1744-957X"]}, url={http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?eid=2-s2.0-84962545223&partnerID=MN8TOARS}, DOI={10.1098/rsbl.2015.0984}, abstractNote={
            Social living poses challenges for individual fitness because of the increased risk of disease transmission among conspecifics. Despite this challenge, sociality is an evolutionarily successful lifestyle, occurring in the most abundant and diverse group of organisms on earth—the social insects. Two contrasting hypotheses predict the evolutionary consequences of sociality on immune systems. The social group hypothesis posits that sociality leads to stronger individual immune systems because of the higher risk of disease transmission in social species. By contrast, the relaxed selection hypothesis proposes that social species have evolved behavioural immune defences that lower disease risk within the group, resulting in lower immunity at the individual level. We tested these hypotheses by measuring the encapsulation response in 11 eusocial and non-eusocial insect lineages. We built phylogenetic mixed linear models to investigate the effect of behaviour, colony size and body size on cellular immune response. We found a significantly negative effect of colony size on encapsulation response (Markov chain Monte Carlo generalized linear mixed model (mcmcGLMM)
            p
            <
            0.05; phylogenetic generalized least squares (PGLS)
            p
            <
            0.05). Our findings suggest that insects living in large societies may rely more on behavioural mechanisms, such as hygienic behaviours, than on immune function to reduce the risk of disease transmission among nest-mates.
          }, number={3}, journal={BIOLOGY LETTERS}, author={Lopez-Uribe, Margarita M. and Sconiers, Warren B. and Frank, Steven D. and Dunn, Robert R. and Tarpy, David R.}, year={2016}, month={Mar} }
 @article{lopez-uribe_morreale_santiago_danforth_2015, title={Nest Suitability, Fine-Scale Population Structure and Male-Mediated Dispersal of a Solitary Ground Nesting Bee in an Urban Landscape}, volume={10}, ISSN={["1932-6203"]}, DOI={10.1371/journal.pone.0125719}, abstractNote={Bees are the primary pollinators of flowering plants in almost all ecosystems. Worldwide declines in bee populations have raised awareness about the importance of their ecological role in maintaining ecosystem functioning. The naturally strong philopatric behavior that some bee species show can be detrimental to population viability through increased probability of inbreeding. Furthermore, bee populations found in human-altered landscapes, such as urban areas, can experience lower levels of gene flow and effective population sizes, increasing potential for inbreeding depression in wild bee populations. In this study, we investigated the fine-scale population structure of the solitary bee Colletes inaequalis in an urbanized landscape. First, we developed a predictive spatial model to detect suitable nesting habitat for this ground nesting bee and to inform our field search for nests. We genotyped 18 microsatellites in 548 female individuals collected from nest aggregations throughout the study area. Genetic relatedness estimates revealed that genetic similarity among individuals was slightly greater within nest aggregations than among randomly chosen individuals. However, genetic structure among nest aggregations was low (Nei’s GST = 0.011). Reconstruction of parental genotypes revealed greater genetic relatedness among females than among males within nest aggregations, suggesting male-mediated dispersal as a potentially important mechanism of population connectivity and inbreeding avoidance. Size of nesting patch was positively correlated with effective population size, but not with other estimators of genetic diversity. We detected a positive trend between geographic distance and genetic differentiation between nest aggregations. Our landscape genetic models suggest that increased urbanization is likely associated with higher levels of inbreeding. Overall, these findings emphasize the importance of density and distribution of suitable nesting patches for enhancing bee population abundance and connectivity in human dominated habitats and highlights the critical contribution of landscape genetic studies for enhanced conservation and management of native pollinators.}, number={5}, journal={PLOS ONE}, author={Lopez-Uribe, Margarita M. and Morreale, Stephen J. and Santiago, Christine K. and Danforth, Bryan N.}, year={2015}, month={May} }
 @article{ramirez_hernandez_link_lopez-uribe_2015, title={Seasonal cycles, phylogenetic assembly, and functional diversity of orchid bee communities}, volume={5}, ISSN={["2045-7758"]}, DOI={10.1002/ece3.1466}, abstractNote={Abstract}, number={9}, journal={ECOLOGY AND EVOLUTION}, author={Ramirez, Santiago R. and Hernandez, Carlos and Link, Andres and Lopez-Uribe, Margarita M.}, year={2015}, month={May}, pages={1896–1907} }
 @article{youngsteadt_appler_lopez-uribe_tarpy_frank_2015, title={Urbanization Increases Pathogen Pressure on Feral and Managed Honey Bees}, volume={10}, ISSN={["1932-6203"]}, DOI={10.1371/journal.pone.0142031}, abstractNote={Given the role of infectious disease in global pollinator decline, there is a need to understand factors that shape pathogen susceptibility and transmission in bees. Here we ask how urbanization affects the immune response and pathogen load of feral and managed colonies of honey bees (Apis mellifera Linnaeus), the predominant economically important pollinator worldwide. Using quantitative real-time PCR, we measured expression of 4 immune genes and relative abundance of 10 honey bee pathogens. We also measured worker survival in a laboratory bioassay. We found that pathogen pressure on honey bees increased with urbanization and management, and the probability of worker survival declined 3-fold along our urbanization gradient. The effect of management on pathogens appears to be mediated by immunity, with feral bees expressing immune genes at nearly twice the levels of managed bees following an immune challenge. The effect of urbanization, however, was not linked with immunity; instead, urbanization may favor viability and transmission of some disease agents. Feral colonies, with lower disease burdens and stronger immune responses, may illuminate ways to improve honey bee management. The previously unexamined effects of urbanization on honey-bee disease are concerning, suggesting that urban areas may favor problematic diseases of pollinators.}, number={11}, journal={PLOS ONE}, author={Youngsteadt, Elsa and Appler, R. Holden and Lopez-Uribe, Margarita M. and Tarpy, David R. and Frank, Steven D.}, year={2015}, month={Nov} }