@article{guo_smith_moore_schultz_2017, title={Integrating off-site visitor education into landscape conservation and management: An examination of timing of educational messaging and compliance with low-impact hiking recommendations}, volume={164}, ISSN={["1872-6062"]}, DOI={10.1016/j.landurbplan.2017.03.013}, abstractNote={The protection of landscapes from environmentally-damaging recreational impacts requires planning and design for proactive visitor education. We examined how the timing of off-site educational messaging influences individuals’ compliance with, knowledge of, and attitudes towards two low-impact recreation behavioral recommendations (i.e., hiking on muddy or wet trail sections and walking on trail steps rather than around them) using a laboratory-based experiment. The educational message used in the experiment consisted of a video and short summary statements about low-impact hiking recommendations. Participants were randomly assigned to one of three experimental groups: 1) viewing the message at least 24 h before the experiment; 2) viewing the message immediately before the experiment; or 3) not viewing the message at all (control). We assessed participants’ hiking intentions by asking them to draw their intended hiking routes on a large LCD display depicting short sections of the Appalachian Trail in North Carolina and Tennessee. Participants’ intended routes were coded as either complying or not complying with the low-impact hiking recommendations. For participants who received the educational message, knowledge about and attitudes toward low-impact hiking were measured twice, immediately after viewing the message and at the end of the experiment. Our analyses revealed the educational message significantly improved participants’ knowledge levels, attitudes, and intentions to comply with low-impact hiking recommendations. The timing of when the educational message was viewed/read by participants, however, did not influence their knowledge levels, attitudes, or intentions to comply. These findings suggest low-impact recreation behavior can be influenced through educational messages delivered before outdoor recreationists begin their trips.}, journal={LANDSCAPE AND URBAN PLANNING}, author={Guo, Tian and Smith, Jordan W. and Moore, Roger L. and Schultz, Courtney L.}, year={2017}, month={Aug}, pages={25–36} }
 @article{guo_smith_leung_seekamp_moore_2015, title={Determinants of Responsible Hiking Behavior: Results from a Stated Choice Experiment}, volume={56}, ISSN={0364-152X 1432-1009}, url={http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00267-015-0513-1}, DOI={10.1007/s00267-015-0513-1}, abstractNote={This research examined the determinants of responsible hiking behavior through a lab-based experiment in which two managerial factors believed to influence individuals' behavior (the presentation of an educational message and the method of displaying degraded trail conditions) were varied across four experimental treatments in a 2 × 2 between subjects factorial design. The effect of trail degradation type (muddiness and erosion) and severity (moderate or severe) of trail degradation were also examined within each of the 4 treatment groups. Analyses revealed neither the educational message nor the method of displaying the image had a consistent and expected impact on individuals' behavioral intentions. In fact, participants who viewed the educational message were more likely to indicate they would hike off the trail. The effects of both trail degradation type and severity were consistent and significant with muddiness and more severe levels of degradation having a greater influence on individuals' intent to hike on the edge of or off the trail. The analyses also revealed both gender and hiking frequency had significant effects on behavioral intentions. Female participants were more likely to indicate they would turn around than males when they encountered degraded trail sections. Women were also less likely to indicate they would hike off the trail than men. Collectively, these findings highlight a variety of ways recreation resource managers can more efficiently inform recreationists about the impacts of off-trail hiking and prioritize trail management needs.}, number={3}, journal={Environmental Management}, publisher={Springer Science and Business Media LLC}, author={Guo, Tian and Smith, Jordan W. and Leung, Yu-Fai and Seekamp, Erin and Moore, Roger L.}, year={2015}, month={Apr}, pages={765–776} }
 @article{smith_moore_l._sommerville_2013, title={Non-sovereign visitor satisfaction: A case study of military training on the Appalachian Trail}, volume={18}, DOI={10.1080/13606719.2013.796182}, abstractNote={Nearly all recreation research has focused on understanding the behavior of individuals operating with sovereignty. But what happens when managers are concerned with providing opportunities for individuals at a recreation setting in spite of, rather than because of, the users' rational decisions to maximize personal utility? We begin to address this question through an analysis of the determinants of visit satisfaction experienced by 109 military personnel who completed a 75-mile training hike on the Appalachian Trail. The data show a significant and negative relationship between perceived crowding and visit satisfaction; they also reveal a significant and positive relationship between perceptions of place uniqueness and visit satisfaction. These findings suggest that the efforts of managers to accommodate ‘special uses’ of recreation resources can be guided by the same assumptions as their efforts to provide ‘traditional’ recreation experiences, thus helping managers ensure recreationists and other resource users have the opportunity to realize satisfying experiences.}, number={3}, journal={Managing Leisure}, author={Smith, J. W. and Moore, R. and L. and Sommerville, M.}, year={2013}, pages={1–13} }
 @article{smith_moore_2013, title={Social-Psychological Factors Influencing Recreation Demand: Evidence From Two Recreational Rivers}, volume={45}, ISSN={["1552-390X"]}, DOI={10.1177/0013916512446335}, abstractNote={ Traditional methods of estimating demand for recreation areas involve making inferences about individuals’ preferences. Frequently, the assumption is made that recreationists’ cost of traveling to a site is a reliable measure of the value they place on that resource and the recreation opportunities it provides. This assumption may ignore other important social-psychological factors influencing individuals’ behavior. In this study, the authors augment a traditional travel cost model with several of these factors, namely, individuals’ social-psychological attachment to the resource and their motivations for recreating there. Using data collected from two visitor use surveys of recreational rivers, the authors find that individuals’ affective and emotional attachments to recreation settings as well as certain desired recreation experiences have significant effects on recreation demand. These results reveal that various social-psychological constructs can be incorporated into a traditional travel cost model to create empirically and theoretically more robust estimates of recreation demand. }, number={7}, journal={ENVIRONMENT AND BEHAVIOR}, author={Smith, Jordan W. and Moore, Roger L.}, year={2013}, month={Oct}, pages={821–850} }
 @article{siderelis_moore_leung_smith_2012, title={A nationwide production analysis of state park attendance in the United States}, volume={99}, ISSN={["1095-8630"]}, url={http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?eid=2-s2.0-84862815761&partnerID=MN8TOARS}, DOI={10.1016/j.jenvman.2012.01.005}, abstractNote={This study examined the production of U.S. states' park visits from 1984 to 2010 by state. In specifying the production equation in terms of the influences of the states' parklands, labor, and capital investments on the annual attendances, we found that state governments will experience an ongoing need for more labor to maintain their parklands if attendance is to increase in the future. Results also indicated that more capital expenditures are not likely to increase park utilization rates. Post-estimation procedures involved the application of the response residuals to identify the capacity utilization rates of the states' park systems over the past 27 years. Past utilization rates revealed operators met or exceeded capacity utilization expectations from 1984 through 1990. However, beginning in 1991, the annual mean utilization rate for the nation's supply of states' parks signaled a trend toward excess capacity. Our forecast revealed the mean utilizations over the next three years will vary between 90% and 95%. Post-estimation procedures also examined the relationship between state park management orientations (towards either public-lands preservation or recreational development) and projected annual capacity utilization rates. Results indicate that the quantity of added facilities to broaden their appeal to the public (i.e., a recreation orientation) was not important in explaining utilization capacities. However, an orientation toward public-lands preservation related significantly to greater utilization rates. In our view, the public will continue to accept current cost structures for continued operations of the states' parks on the compelling need for access to outdoor recreation to contribute to the visitor well-being.}, journal={JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT}, author={Siderelis, Christos and Moore, Roger L. and Leung, Yu-Fai and Smith, Jordan W.}, year={2012}, month={May}, pages={18–26} }
 @article{smith_moore_anderson_siderelis_2012, title={Community Resilience in Southern Appalachia: A Theoretical Framework and Three Case Studies}, volume={40}, ISSN={["1572-9915"]}, DOI={10.1007/s10745-012-9470-y}, abstractNote={A fundamental assumption in nearly all research on social adaptation to environmental change is that there is a concomitant and inverse relationship between human communities’ dependence upon particular natural resources affected by environmental change and those communities or societies’ resilience to disturbances. However, recent theoretical and empirical developments suggest resilience is a dynamic social process determined, in part, by the ability of communities to act collectively and solve common problems. The interactional approach to community is utilized to develop a framework whereby various patterns of social interaction define the process of social resilience. Data come from multiple mixed methods case studies of forest dependent communities within Southern Appalachia. The findings reveal varied processes of social resilience can occur in communities with similar levels of resource dependence; a community’s composition of internal social ties and their cross-scale linkages to external agencies and organizations define these processes.}, number={3}, journal={HUMAN ECOLOGY}, author={Smith, Jordan W. and Moore, Roger L. and Anderson, Dorothy H. and Siderelis, Christos}, year={2012}, month={Jun}, pages={341–353} }
 @article{smith_anderson_moore_2012, title={Social Capital, Place Meanings, and Perceived Resilience to Climate Change}, volume={77}, ISSN={["1549-0831"]}, DOI={10.1111/j.1549-0831.2012.00082.x}, abstractNote={Abstract}, number={3}, journal={RURAL SOCIOLOGY}, author={Smith, Jordan W. and Anderson, Dorothy H. and Moore, Roger L.}, year={2012}, month={Sep}, pages={380–407} }
 @article{smith_siderelis_moore_anderson_2012, title={The effects of place meanings and social capital on desired forest management outcomes: A stated preference experiment}, volume={106}, ISSN={["1872-6062"]}, DOI={10.1016/j.landurbplan.2012.03.009}, abstractNote={Planners and managers responsible for public-trust resources are often faced with making difficult value-laden decisions requiring trade offs between alternative, and often competing, outcomes. To make more informed decisions within volatile socio-political climates, resource managers and planners need an understanding of the benefits local community members would like the resource to produce, and an understanding of the social and psychological factors that influence those preferences. In this research, we focused on two increasingly important factors – social capital and place-based social–psychological attachments – that influence public preferences for management outcomes. We conducted a stated preference field experiment on residents living in three forest related communities within Southern Appalachia in the Southeastern United States. The experiment elucidated responses to hypothetical management plans designed to produce distinctly different outcomes. The results reveal ecologically focused management plans were the most preferred, much more so than plans designed to produce aesthetic, recreational, or economic outcomes. The data also reveal both individuals’ stocks of social capital as well as their place-based social–psychological attachments influence evaluation of competing management outcomes. Our methodological approach and empirical findings advance both the analytical approaches used to study multiple use public resources and existing knowledge regarding how social and psychological factors influence individuals’ decision-making processes.}, number={2}, journal={LANDSCAPE AND URBAN PLANNING}, author={Smith, Jordan W. and Siderelis, Christos and Moore, Roger L. and Anderson, Dorothy Fl}, year={2012}, month={May}, pages={207–218} }
 @article{moore_leung_matisoff_dorwart_parker_2012, title={Understanding users' perceptions of trail resource impacts and how they affect experiences: An integrated approach}, volume={107}, ISSN={["0169-2046"]}, url={http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?eid=2-s2.0-84865304051&partnerID=MN8TOARS}, DOI={10.1016/j.landurbplan.2012.06.016}, abstractNote={This exploratory study employed an integrated methodological approach to examine the relationships among trail resource impacts, users’ perceptions of such impacts, and how those perceptions affected users’ recreation experiences. The study was conducted using a convenience sample of 75 undergraduate students on a 1-km hiking trail that contained a variety of recreation-related resource impacts. The extent of impacts was objectively measured before study participants walked the trail. Participants then completed a questionnaire focusing on what impacts they noticed and the effects those impacts might have had on their experiences. The top 3 measured impacts, in terms of lineal extent of the study trail segment impacted, were exposed roots, parallel trails, and soil erosion. Users’ reports of which trail impacts they perceived varied according to the form of the questions in the questionnaire. Initial open-ended responses indicated that trail erosion, litter, and mud were noticed most often, while mud, exposed roots, and standing water were most apparent based on subsequent closed-ended responses which prompted respondents about particular impacts. All but 1 impact type had an overall negative effect on user experience, with mud, standing water, and litter having the most detrimental effects on hikers’ experiences. The results suggest the value of an integrated research design in understanding impact perceptions and effects. These findings have potential implications for trail design and maintenance priorities as well as for designing and guiding future studies. Other implications for research and management are discussed.}, number={4}, journal={LANDSCAPE AND URBAN PLANNING}, author={Moore, Roger L. and Leung, Yu-Fai and Matisoff, Craig and Dorwart, Catherine and Parker, Alan}, year={2012}, month={Sep}, pages={343–350} }
 @article{siderelis_moore_lee_2011, title={A Mixed Logit Model of Visitors' National Park Choices}, volume={24}, ISSN={["0894-1920"]}, DOI={10.1080/08941921003731009}, abstractNote={The purposes of this study were twofold. The first estimated a mixed logit model of South Korean National Park choices to determine how park size and miles of trail affected the choice patterns of visitors to the 18 parks in the system. The second applied the resulting choice model to simulate how the distribution of visits would change in response to two hypothetical but possible scenarios. One scenario involved the hypothetical changes in the miles of park trails and the other related to an increase in future visits to the 18 national parks. Motivating this study, in part, was the anticipated increase in national park visitation due to 2002 legislation converting the Republic of South Korea's six-day work week to five days and thereby reducing time constraints for vast numbers of potential visitors. The article illustrates the value of mixed logit modeling to understanding how management changes may affect visitation.}, number={8}, journal={SOCIETY & NATURAL RESOURCES}, author={Siderelis, Christos and Moore, Roger L. and Lee, Ju-Hee}, year={2011}, pages={799–813} }
 @article{tarrant_stoner_borrie_kyle_moore_moore_2011, title={Educational Travel and Global Citizenship}, volume={43}, ISSN={["2159-6417"]}, DOI={10.1080/00222216.2011.11950243}, abstractNote={Abstract We examined whether participation (n = 623 students) in educational travel programs influenced support for environmental policies across different citizen types (justice-oriented, participatory, personally responsible, and non-citizen). Findings showed that (1) participation increased support for environmental policies across all groups, (2) justice-oriented citizens reported the highest support, while non-citizens demonstrated the lowest support, and (3) significant interaction effects suggest these main effects cannot be interpreted without considering the effects of (a) destination/country and (b) student major. If educational travel programs are to respond to calls to foster global citizenry, they should focus less on promoting personal responsible citizenry and more on a critical assessment of the justice issues surrounding global environmental problems.}, number={3}, journal={JOURNAL OF LEISURE RESEARCH}, author={Tarrant, Michael A. and Stoner, Lee and Borrie, William T. and Kyle, Gerard and Moore, Roger L. and Moore, Annette}, year={2011}, pages={403–426} }
 @article{smith_moore_2011, title={Perceptions of Community Benefits from Two Wild and Scenic Rivers}, volume={47}, ISSN={["0364-152X"]}, DOI={10.1007/s00267-011-9671-y}, abstractNote={Wild and Scenic Rivers provide a host of psychological, social, ecological, and economic benefits to local communities. In this study, we use data collected from recreational users of two Wild and Scenic Rivers to examine perceptions of the benefits provided by the rivers to local communities. Our purposes are (1) to determine if similar perceptions of community benefits exist across the two rivers, (2) to determine if individuals’ proximity to the rivers are related to the benefits they perceive, (3) to determine if individuals’ prior recreation experience on the river is related to variations in perceived benefits, (4) to determine if users’ sociodemographic characteristics are related to perceived community benefits, and (5) to determine if the influence of these characteristics on perceived community benefits is similar across the two resource areas. Perceived benefits were found to be analogous across both rivers as individuals consistently ranked ecological/affective benefits as well as tangible benefits similarly. Recreationists living further from the river ranked ecological and affective benefits as significantly less important than those individuals living closer to the river. Women perceived the community benefits produced by the resource areas to be significantly more important when compared to men. Significant relationships were also found between perceived benefits and recreationists’ previous use of the river, their age, and their level of education. With the exception of resource proximity and prior use history, the effects of user characteristics on perceived community benefits were not statistically different across the two rivers. These findings imply similar patterns of perceived community benefits exist across distinct resource areas and that the relationships between user characteristics and perceived benefits are also similar across the study rivers.}, number={5}, journal={ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT}, author={Smith, Jordan W. and Moore, Roger L.}, year={2011}, month={May}, pages={814–827} }
 @article{smith_siderelis_moore_2010, title={The Effects of Place Attachment, Hypothetical Site Modifications and Use Levels on Recreation Behavior}, volume={42}, ISSN={["0022-2216"]}, DOI={10.1080/00222216.2010.11950221}, abstractNote={Abstract This study integrates place attachment dimensions into a travel cost model utilizing stated preferences for various hypothetical scenarios involving site development and changes to current use levels at a Bureau of Land Management Special Recreation Management Area. We examine changes in intended behavior contingent on hypothetical scenarios and varying levels of place identity and dependence. Results suggest trip behavior to the area will either remain the same or decline in frequency given each of the hypothetical scenarios. The analysis also revealed visitors' level of place identity was significantly related to intended trip behavior while place dependence was not. These findings reveal travel cost modeling approach can incorporate both stated preferences and psychometric scaling to provide useful information for resource managers.}, number={4}, journal={JOURNAL OF LEISURE RESEARCH}, author={Smith, Jordan W. and Siderelis, Christos and Moore, Roger L.}, year={2010}, pages={621–640} }
 @article{dorwart_moore_leung_2010, title={Visitors' Perceptions of a Trail Environment and Effects on Experiences: A Model for Nature-Based Recreation Experiences}, volume={32}, ISSN={["0149-0400"]}, url={http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?eid=2-s2.0-77949337802&partnerID=MN8TOARS}, DOI={10.1080/01490400903430863}, abstractNote={The purpose of this study is to examine visitors' perceptions and to determine how these perceptions affect their recreation experiences along a segment of the Appalachian Trail in Great Smoky Mountains National Park. The study consisted of two parts—a visitor employed photography exercise and a posttrip interview. Analysis of the photographs and photograph logs show that participants noticed both negative and positive aspects of the trail environment. Five perceptual themes emerged from the interviews: nature-oriented details, scenic values, management influences, presence of other people, and depreciative behavior. Analyses indicate that these elements did not detract from participants' overall outdoor experiences. A model based on the study's findings is proposed to guide future visitor behavior research.}, number={1}, journal={LEISURE SCIENCES}, author={Dorwart, Catherine E. and Moore, Roger L. and Leung, Yu-Fai}, year={2010}, pages={33–54} }
 @inproceedings{dorwart_moore_leung_2007, title={Visitor employed photography (VEP): An examination of its potential and use in evaluating visitors' perceptions of resource impacts in trail and park settings (General technical report, NRS-P-14)}, booktitle={Proceedings of the 2006 Northeastern Recreation Research Symposium, April 9-11, 2006, the Sagamore}, publisher={Newtown Square, PA: U.S. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service Northern Research Station}, author={Dorwart, C. and Moore, R. L. and Leung, Y.-F.}, year={2007}, pages={307–315} }
 @article{siderelis_moore_2006, title={Examining the effects of hypothetical modifications in permitting procedures and river conditions on whitewater boating behavior}, volume={38}, ISSN={["2159-6417"]}, DOI={10.1080/00222216.2006.11950092}, abstractNote={In this study we combine a travel cost modeling approach with the surveyed stated preferences of whitewater boaters at the Chattooga River to examine the possible effects of six hypothetical modifications in river use permitting process or changes in river conditions on intended future trip behavior of respondents. To varying degrees, all of the hypothetical modifications in river use permitting (procedures and pricing) and changes in river conditions would lead self-guided (kayaking) visitors to significantly reduce the number of river trips they planned to take in the future, while four of the six resulted in significant reductions for guided (rafting) visitors. Results suggest that the travel cost modeling approach, supplemented with users' trip responses to hypothetical scenarios, can be an appropriate way to predict the effects of possible management alternatives. While the estimation method requires a somewhat complicated cross-sectional statistical process, the software is readily available and the information provided can be quite helpful for policy makers and managers. Our consumer surplus estimates are consistent with previous boating studies at $745 per guided rafting trip per party ($149 per person) and $444 per self-guided kayaking trip per party ($113 per person)}, number={4}, journal={JOURNAL OF LEISURE RESEARCH}, author={Siderelis, Christos and Moore, Roger L.}, year={2006}, pages={558–574} }
 @article{dorwart_leung_moore_2004, title={Managing visitors' perceptions}, volume={39}, number={5}, journal={Parks & Recreation}, author={Dorwart, C. E. and Leung, Y.-F. and Moore, R. L.}, year={2004}, pages={24–31} }
 @article{moore_scott_2003, title={Place attachment and context: Comparing a park and a trail within}, volume={49}, number={6}, journal={Forest Science}, author={Moore, R. L. and Scott, D.}, year={2003}, month={Dec}, pages={877–884} }
 @article{moore_cubbage_siry_2001, title={Forest recreation: Challenges and opportunities}, volume={5}, number={4}, journal={Journal of the Korean Institute of Forest Recreation}, author={Moore, R. L. and Cubbage, F. and Siry, J.}, year={2001}, pages={1–10} }
 @inproceedings{cubbage_moore_siry_2001, title={The role of forests and forestry in global conservation}, booktitle={Proceedings of the International Symposium for the 50th Anniversary of the College of Agriculture}, publisher={Chungbuk National University, College of Agriculture}, author={Cubbage, F. and Moore, R. L. and Siry, J.}, year={2001}, pages={106–119} }
 @article{siderelis_moore_lee_2000, title={Incorporating users' perceptions of site quality in a recreation travel cost model}, volume={32}, ISSN={["0022-2216"]}, DOI={10.1080/00222216.2000.11949924}, abstractNote={The travel cost method is used to analyze the recreation demand for North Carolina trails. Incorporated in the demand model are users' perceptions of trail quality and their stated number of annual trips. Trail demand is specified with panel data that consists of two separate observations per respondent. Users' behaviors are analyzed by combining both data on the observed trip counts and stated trips. Stated trips are the number of trips a user would have taken to the last trail used had the site quality been ideal. Since both users and non users of trails during the past 12 months were asked their stated trips if quality improved, the non-participation effect was incorporated into the estimates of trail demand. Study findings showed users' ratings of trail quality can be successfully incorporated into a demand model to evaluate a hypothetical improvement in trail conditions. The estimated $15 increase in consumer surplus per trip is of practical importance to policy analyses aimed at improving social and environmental conditions averse to trail users.}, number={4}, journal={JOURNAL OF LEISURE RESEARCH}, author={Siderelis, C and Moore, R and Lee, JH}, year={2000}, pages={406–414} }
 @article{siderelis_moore_1998, title={Recreation demand and the influence of site preference variables}, volume={30}, ISSN={["0022-2216"]}, DOI={10.1080/00222216.1998.11949834}, abstractNote={Introduction Recent advances in recreation modeling are motivated by the need to examine how changes in site quality affect outdoor participation (Bockstael, Hanemann, & Kling, 1987). In contrast, leisure researchers with their conceptions of how participants make choices about activities and site trips require insight into participant choice behaviors when specifying site demand (Ditton, Loomis, & Choi, 1992; Williams, 1984). Our research is motivated by the fact that published discrete-count models of recreation demand fail to adequately identify and integrate individual preferences, like the importance of site characteristics, that shape trip choices. Using recent theoretical advances in the specification of discretecount models, we speculate that the inclusion of data regarding the perceived importance of site attributes to participants should improve a choice model's predictive power (Adamowicz, 1994). Clark and Downing (1984), for example, believe that explanatory variables like the importance of site attributes to a participant might influence the marginal choice of a recreation site in a particular geographical area. We begin with a recent review of recreation demand theory, which leads us to specify a discrete-count model for lake boating trips. We then report on the benefits gained from specifying a nested logit model to explain lake choices. We end with a discussion on the implications of the discrete-count method in estimating outdoor recreation demand. Related Research Recent articles advance competing theories of recreation demand that allow analysts to link independent discrete site choices to the aggregate demand for seasonal trip-counts (Hausman, Leonard, & McFadden, 1995; Feather, Hellerstein, & Tomasi, 1995; and Parsons & Kealy, 1995). The main purpose of the advances is to explain users' recreation behaviors when faced with environmental threats to site quality. The demand theories, although different in their hypotheses about individual decision processes, support discrete-count empirical applications. Specifically, each theory differs with respect to a trip-price index that links the allocations of trips among substitute sites (discrete choices) to the seasonal aggregate demand for the seasonal counts of trips. It must be emphasized that the estimation of a discretecount demand model cannot be completed in a single statistical process. Rather, discrete choice and the trip-count models are two different types of travel cost models described in previous JLR literature reviews (e.g., Fletcher, Adamowicz, & Tomasi, 1990). Trip-counts refer to the quantity of seasonal trips by individuals, with the analysis of trip-counts following a count-data or Poisson distribution. Feather et al. (1995) follow a household production function where recreation opportunities are produced and consumed by a household, constrained by such scarce resources as the amounts of leisure time, money, and effort. Unknown to the analyst, and therefore to be estimated, are the proportions of scarce resources that are necessary to produce a recreation trip and a participant's expectation of site quality. Feather and colleagues suggest multiplying a participant's probability of visiting regional recreation sites by the travel costs and the measures of site quality to compute an expected cost, expected time, and expected quality per trip. Substituting the computed values into a participant's budget and time constraints results in a single, expected full-income constraint. Maximizing the recreation utility function for site trips, subject to the expected full-income constraint, yields the ordinary recreation demand function for seasonal trips. Hausman et al. (1995) propose a budgeting model to support their trip demand theory. They view the participant first as budgeting a number of seasonal trips and second as allocating trips across substitute sites. The solution to the household budgeting problem is a Gorman generalized polar form that includes the prices faced by participants in travelling to and from recreation sites. …}, number={3}, journal={JOURNAL OF LEISURE RESEARCH}, author={Siderelis, C and Moore, RL}, year={1998}, pages={301–318} }
 @article{siderelis_moore_1995, title={OUTDOOR RECREATION NET BENEFITS OF RAIL-TRAILS}, volume={27}, ISSN={["0022-2216"]}, DOI={10.1080/00222216.1995.11949754}, abstractNote={Net economic values were estimated with the individual travel cost method for user samples from three rail-trails in geographically diverse regions of the U.S. Estimates of rail-trail demands were ...}, number={4}, journal={JOURNAL OF LEISURE RESEARCH}, author={SIDERELIS, C and MOORE, R}, year={1995}, pages={344–359} }
 @article{moore_graefe_1994, title={ATTACHMENTS TO RECREATION SETTINGS - THE CASE OF RAIL-TRAIL USERS}, volume={16}, ISSN={["1521-0588"]}, DOI={10.1080/01490409409513214}, abstractNote={Abstract The authors explore the nature of place attachment (the extent to which an individual values or identifies with a particular environmental setting) and develop a model to help explain how such relationships with recreation settings form. This model is then tested with a sample of users of three “rail‐trails” (multiuse recreation trails constructed on unused railroad rights‐of‐way). Results support the literature, suggesting that place attachment has at least two dimensions: a place dependence, reflecting the importance of the place in facilitating a user's activity, and a more affective place identity, reflecting an individual's valuing of a setting for more symbolic or emotional reasons. Analysis reveals that place identity can best be predicted by how long users have been associated with the trail, the importance they ascribe to their trail activity, and their level of place dependence. Level of place dependence is best predicted by the distance between the trail and the user's home and users’ ...}, number={1}, journal={LEISURE SCIENCES}, author={MOORE, RL and GRAEFE, AR}, year={1994}, pages={17–31} }
 @book{moore_siderelis_lee_ivy_bailey, title={1998 North Carolina State Trail and Greenway Survey}, institution={Raleigh, NC: North Carolina Department of Environment and Natural Resources, Division of State Parks}, author={Moore, R. L. and Siderelis, C. and Lee, J.-H. and Ivy, M. I. and Bailey, G.} }
 @article{moore_dattilo_devine, title={A comparison of greenway preferences between people with and without disabilities}, volume={13}, number={1}, journal={Adapted Physical Activity Quarterly}, author={Moore, R. L. and Dattilo, J. and Devine, M. A.}, pages={27–38} }
 @inproceedings{ivy_lee_moore, title={A comparison of perceptions of trail attributes between Korean and U.S. Trail users}, booktitle={Proceedings of the Third Symposium on Social Aspects of Recreation Research}, publisher={Albany, Calif. : U.S. Dept. of Agriculture, Forest Service, Pacific Southwest Research Station}, author={Ivy, M. I. and Lee, J.-H. and Moore, R. L.}, pages={75} }
 @article{moore, title={Book review of Influencing human behavior: Theory and applications in recreation, tourism, and natural resources management}, volume={26}, number={2}, journal={Journal of Leisure Research}, author={Moore, R. L.}, pages={189–192} }
 @article{moore_vicere, title={Bringing business experience to the nonprofit sector: What works and what doesn't}, volume={6}, number={1}, journal={Mid-American Journal of Business}, author={Moore, R. L. and Vicere, A.}, pages={58–6158} }
 @misc{moore, title={Conflict in the great outdoors: Toward understanding and managing for diverse sportsmen preferences}, volume={43}, number={2}, journal={Journal of Leisure Research}, author={Moore, R. L.}, pages={312–315} }
 @book{moore, title={Conflicts on multiple-use trails: Synthesis of the literature and state of the practice}, institution={Washington, DC: Federal Highway Administration}, author={Moore, R. L.} }
 @inproceedings{moore, title={Economic analysis of trails: A national perspective}, booktitle={Trails for all Americans: Proceedings of the Eleventh National Trails Symposium}, publisher={Helena, MT: State of Montana}, author={Moore, R. L.}, pages={76–88} }
 @article{gitelson_guadagnolo_moore, title={Economic impact analysis of a community-sponsored ten kilometer road race}, volume={6}, number={4}, journal={Journal of Park and Recreation Administration}, author={Gitelson, R. and Guadagnolo, F. and Moore, R. L.}, pages={79–89} }
 @article{moore_scott_moore, title={Gender-based differences in birdwatchers' participation and commitment}, volume={13}, number={2}, journal={Human Dimensions of Wildlife}, author={Moore, R. L. and Scott, D. and Moore, A. C.}, pages={1–13} }
 @inproceedings{snow_moore, title={Hiking shared-use single-track trails: A look at hikers and hunters along the Falls Lake Trail (General technical report; NRS-P-14)}, booktitle={Proceedings of the 2006 Northeastern Recreation Research Symposium, April 9-11, 2006, the Sagamore}, publisher={Newtown Square, PA: U.S. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, Northern Research Station}, author={Snow, C. M. and Moore, R. L.}, pages={152–156} }
 @book{moore_driver, title={Introduction to outdoor recreation: Providing and managing natural resource-based opportunities}, ISBN={1892132508}, publisher={State College, PA: Venture Publishing}, author={Moore, R. L. and Driver, B. L.} }
 @article{moore_shafer, title={Introduction to special issue trails and greenways: opportunities for planners, managers, and scholars}, volume={19}, ISBN={0735-1968}, number={3}, journal={Journal of Park and Recreation Administration}, author={Moore, R. L. and Shafer, C. S.}, pages={1} }
 @article{parker_moore, title={Landowner attitudes toward a proposed rail-trail}, volume={16}, number={3}, journal={Journal of Park and Recreation Administration}, author={Parker, M. and Moore, R. L.}, pages={1–141} }
 @inproceedings{moore_graefe, title={Living adjacent to rail-trails: Changes in landowners' experiences and attitudes (General technical report, NE-185)}, booktitle={Proceedings of the 1993 Northeastern Recreation Research Symposium, April 18-20, 1993, State Parks Management and Research Institute, Saratoga Spa State Park, Saratoga Springs, New York}, publisher={Radnor, PA: U.S. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, Northeast Forest Experiment Station}, author={Moore, R. L. and Graefe, A. R.}, pages={43–48} }
 @article{moore_graefe_gitelson, title={Living near greenways: Neighboring landowners' experiences with and attitudes toward rail-trails}, volume={12}, number={1}, journal={Journal of Park and Recreation Administration}, author={Moore, R. L. and Graefe, A. R. and Gitelson, R. J.}, pages={79} }
 @inproceedings{graefe_moore, title={Monitoring the visitor experience at Buck Island Reef and National Monument (General technical report, NE-160)}, booktitle={Proceedings of the 1991 Northeastern Recreation Research Symposium: April 7-9, 1991, State Parks Management and Research Institute, Saratoga Springs, New York}, publisher={Radnor, PA: U.S. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, Northeast Forest Experiment Station}, author={Graefe, A. R. and Moore, R. L.}, pages={55–58} }
 @article{ivy_moore, title={Neighboring landowner attitudes towards a proposed greenway trail: Assessing differences between adjacent and nearby residents}, volume={25}, number={2}, journal={Journal of Park and Recreation Administration}, author={Ivy, M. I. and Moore, R. L.}, pages={42–63} }
 @book{moore_lafarge_tracy, title={Organizing outdoor volunteers (2nd ed.)}, ISBN={1878239163}, publisher={Boston: Appalachian Mountain Club}, author={Moore, R. L. and LaFarge, V. and Tracy, C.} }
 @book{moore_lafarge_martorelli, title={Organizing outdoor volunteers: The National Volunteer Project of the Appalachian Mountain Club}, ISBN={0910146659}, publisher={Boston, MA: Appalachian Mountain Club}, author={Moore, R. L. and LaFarge, V. and Martorelli, T.} }
 @article{obus_moore_martorelli, title={Partnerships for public lands}, volume={46}, journal={Appalachian Journal (Boone, N.C.)}, author={Obus, N. and Moore, R. L. and Martorelli, T.}, pages={48–58} }
 @article{lee_ivy_moore, title={Perceived benefits and problems associated with urban trails by South Korean and U.S. trail users}, volume={90}, number={5}, journal={Han'guk Imhakhoe Chi = Journal of the Korean Forestry Society}, author={Lee, J. and Ivy, M. I. and Moore, R. L.}, pages={585–592} }
 @article{lee_scott_moore, title={Predicting motivations and attitudes of users of a suburban all-purpose trail}, volume={20}, number={3}, journal={Journal of Park and Recreation Administration}, author={Lee, J. and Scott, D. and Moore, R. L.}, pages={18–37} }
 @article{moore_barthlow, title={Principles for minimizing conflicts: Applications to mountain biking. TRENDS}, publisher={Washington, DC: National Park Service}, author={Moore, R. L. and Barthlow, K. D.} }
 @inproceedings{rail-trail benefits and adjoining landowner acceptance, booktitle={Proceedings of the 1992 North Carolina Greenway Conference}, publisher={Raleigh, NC: North Carolina Department of Environment, Health, and Natural Resources} }
 @inbook{moore, title={Recreation conflict research: Recent advances and implications}, booktitle={Managing mountain biking: IMBA's guide to providing great riding}, publisher={Boulder, CO: International Mountain Bicycling Association}, author={Moore, R. L.}, pages={158–161} }
 @book{wellman_dustin_henderson_moore, title={Service living: Building community through public parks and recreation}, ISBN={1892132826}, publisher={State College, PA: Venture Publishing}, author={Wellman, D. and Dustin, D. and Henderson, K. A. and Moore, R.} }
 @inbook{moore_ivy, title={State trail programs in the United States}, ISBN={157167246X}, booktitle={Outdoor recreation in American Life: A national assessment of demand and supply trends}, publisher={Champaign, IL: Sagamore Publishing}, author={Moore, R. L. and Ivy, M. I.}, pages={115–120} }
 @book{moore, title={State trail programs: A survey of state trail administrators}, publisher={Denver, CO: The National Association of State Trail Administrators}, author={Moore, R. L.} }
 @article{moore_moore, title={Taking charge to accommodate deployed soldiers' families}, volume={42}, number={5}, journal={Parks & Recreation}, author={Moore, A. and Moore, R.}, pages={65–67} }
 @article{moore_gitelson_graefe, title={The economic impact of rail-trails}, volume={12}, number={2}, journal={Journal of Park and Recreation Administration}, author={Moore, R. L. and Gitelson, R. J. and Graefe, A. R.}, pages={63} }
 @book{moore_barthlow, title={The economic impacts and uses of long-distance trails: Featuring a case study of the Overmountain Victory National Historic Trail}, publisher={Washington, DC: U.S. Department of the Interior, National Park Service Rivers, Trails and Conservation Assistance Program}, author={Moore, R. L. and Barthlow, K.} }
 @article{moore_scott_graefe, title={The effects of activity differences on recreation experiences along a suburban greenway trail}, volume={16}, number={2}, journal={Journal of Park and Recreation Administration}, author={Moore, R. L. and Scott, D. and Graefe, A. R.}, pages={35} }
 @book{moore_graefe_gitelson_porter, title={The impacts of rail-trails: A study of the users and property owners from three trails}, institution={Washington, DC: National Park Service Rivers, Trails, and Conservation Assistance Program}, author={Moore, R. L. and Graefe, A. R. and Gitelson, R. J. and Porter, E.} }
 @inproceedings{hopkin_moore, title={The relationship of recreation specialization to the setting preferences of mountain bicyclists (General technical report, NE-198)}, booktitle={Proceedings of the 1994 Northeastern Recreation Research Symposium: April 10-12, 1994, State Parks Management and Research Institute, Saratoga Springs, New York}, publisher={Radnor, PA: U.S. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, Northeast Forest Experiment Station}, author={Hopkin, T. and Moore, R. L.}, pages={71–75} }
 @article{moore_ross, title={Trails and recreational greenways: Corridors of benefits}, volume={33}, number={1}, journal={Parks & Recreation}, author={Moore, R. L. and Ross, D. T.}, pages={68–79} }
 @book{moore_siderelis, title={Use and economic Importance of the Chattooga River}, institution={American Rivers, Inc. and National Park Service Park Planning and Special Studies and Rivers, Trails and Conservation Assistance Programs}, author={Moore, R. L. and Siderelis, C.} }
 @book{moore_siderelis, title={Use and economic importance of the West Branch of the Farmington River}, institution={Washington, D.C.: American Rivers, Inc. and National Park Service Park Planning and Special Studies and Rivers, Trails and Conservation Assistance Programs}, author={Moore, R. L. and Siderelis, C.} }
 @inproceedings{moore_siderelis, title={Use, users and benefits of the West Branch of the Farmington River (General technical report, NE-341)}, booktitle={Proceedings of the 2005 Northeastern Recreation Research Symposium}, publisher={Newtown Square, PA: U.S. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, Northeast Forest Experiment Station}, author={Moore, R. L. and Siderelis, C.}, editor={Peden, J. G. and Schuster, R. M.Editors}, pages={48–56} }