@article{xu_knight_boone_saleem_finley_gauthier_ayariga_akinrinlola_pulkoski_britt_et al._2024, title={Influence of Fungicide Application on Rhizosphere Microbiota Structure and Microbial Secreted Enzymes in Diverse Cannabinoid-Rich Hemp Cultivars}, volume={25}, ISSN={["1422-0067"]}, DOI={10.3390/ijms25115892}, abstractNote={Microbes and enzymes play essential roles in soil and plant rhizosphere ecosystem functioning. However, fungicides and plant root secretions may impact the diversity and abundance of microbiota structure and enzymatic activities in the plant rhizosphere. In this study, we analyzed soil samples from the rhizosphere of four cannabinoid-rich hemp (Cannabis sativa) cultivars (Otto II, BaOx, Cherry Citrus, and Wife) subjected to three different treatments (natural infection, fungal inoculation, and fungicide treatment). DNA was extracted from the soil samples, 16S rDNA was sequenced, and data were analyzed for diversity and abundance among different fungicide treatments and hemp cultivars. Fungicide treatment significantly impacted the diversity and abundance of the hemp rhizosphere microbiota structure, and it substantially increased the abundance of the phyla Archaea and Rokubacteria. However, the abundances of the phyla Pseudomonadota and Gemmatimonadetes were substantially decreased in treatments with fungicides compared to those without fungicides in the four hemp cultivars. In addition, the diversity and abundance of the rhizosphere microbiota structure were influenced by hemp cultivars. The influence of Cherry Citrus on the diversity and abundance of the hemp rhizosphere microbiota structure was less compared to the other three hemp cultivars (Otto II, BaOx, and Wife). Moreover, fungicide treatment affected enzymatic activities in the hemp rhizosphere. The application of fungicides significantly decreased enzyme abundance in the rhizosphere of all four hemp cultivars. Enzymes such as dehydrogenase, dioxygenase, hydrolase, transferase, oxidase, carboxylase, and peptidase significantly decreased in all the four hemp rhizosphere treated with fungicides compared to those not treated. These enzymes may be involved in the function of metabolizing organic matter and degrading xenobiotics. The ecological significance of these findings lies in the recognition that fungicides impact enzymes, microbiota structure, and the overall ecosystem within the hemp rhizosphere.}, number={11}, journal={INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF MOLECULAR SCIENCES}, author={Xu, Junhuan and Knight, Tyson and Boone, Donchel and Saleem, Muhammad and Finley, Sheree J. and Gauthier, Nicole and Ayariga, Joseph A. and Akinrinlola, Rufus and Pulkoski, Melissa and Britt, Kadie and et al.}, year={2024}, month={Jun} }
 @article{pulkoski_burrack_2023, title={Assessing the impact of piercing-sucking pests on greenhouse-grown industrial hemp (Cannabis sativa L.)}, volume={5}, ISSN={["1938-2936"]}, url={https://doi.org/10.1093/ee/nvad044}, DOI={10.1093/ee/nvad044}, abstractNote={Abstract
               Cannabis sativa or hemp, defined as <0.3% total tetrahydrocannabinol (THC), is a specialty crop in the United States, of particular interest among growers in the southeastern United States to replace tobacco production. Tetranychus urticae (twospotted spider mite), Aculops cannabicola (hemp russet mite), Polyphagotarsonemus latus (broad mites), and Phorodon cannabis (cannabis aphids) are considered the most significant pests in greenhouse grown hemp. Mite and aphid injury can cause cupping and yellowing of leaves, resulting in leaf drop, and reduced flower and resin production. We sought to understand the effects of feeding by T. urticae and Myzus persicae (green peach aphid), as a proxy for P. cannabis, on the concentration of economically significant cannabinoids through a series of experiments on greenhouse grown plants. First, we compared the variability of chemical concentrations in samples collected from individual plants versus pooled samples from 5 plants, and found that chemical concentrations in single plants were similar to those in pooled plant samples. Next, we compared chemical concentrations prior to arthropod infestation and post infestation. When evaluating the mite feeding damage in 2020, cannabinoids in plants infested with high densities of T. urticae increased more slowly than in uninfested control plants or plants infested with low T. urticae densities. In 2021, the concentration of tetrahydrocannabinol did not differ significantly between treatments. Cannabidiol increased more slowly in plants with low T. urticae densities when compared to uninfested controls but did not differ from the high T. urticae densities 14 days after infestation.}, journal={ENVIRONMENTAL ENTOMOLOGY}, author={Pulkoski, Melissa and Burrack, Hannah}, editor={Moreira, XoaquinEditor}, year={2023}, month={May} }
 @article{britt_kuhar_cranshaw_mccullough_taylor_arends_burrack_pulkoski_owens_tolosa_et al._2021, title={Pest Management Needs and Limitations for Corn Earworm (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae), an Emergent Key Pest of Hemp in the United States}, volume={12}, ISSN={["2155-7470"]}, DOI={10.1093/jipm/pmab030}, abstractNote={Abstract
               Corn earworm, Helicoverpa zea (Boddie) (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae), has emerged as an injurious insect pest to hemp, Cannabis sativa L., a crop newly reintroduced to the United States. Growing hemp presents a potential alternative economic opportunity for farmers but can be challenging with a market that is unstable and just developing. One of the most notable production challenges is managing corn earworm, an insect pest that is particularly damaging when it feeds on flower buds produced in cannabinoid varieties, creating extensive bud tunneling and wounds that allow entry of pathogens that can aid development and presence of bud rot. Damage to seeds is of lesser concern in hemp cultivars grown for grain and minimal risk is associated with hemp grown for fiber. Our ability to research hemp has only recently been allowed as production was largely suspended following World War II and, as such, there has been limited opportunity to develop information for empirically-based pest management recommendations. Further complicating development of integrated pest management (IPM) strategies are regulatory challenges associated with providing registration support to add hemp to pesticide labels, as it was not formally recognized as a crop by U.S. regulatory agencies until late 2019. Research needs and challenges to develop effective IPM programs for corn earworm on hemp are discussed here.}, number={1}, journal={JOURNAL OF INTEGRATED PEST MANAGEMENT}, author={Britt, Kadie E. and Kuhar, Thomas P. and Cranshaw, Whitney and McCullough, Christopher T. and Taylor, Sally V and Arends, Benjamin R. and Burrack, Hannah and Pulkoski, Melissa and Owens, David and Tolosa, Tigist A. and et al.}, year={2021}, month={Sep} }