@article{phillips_dierenfeld_english_troan_reininger_zombeck_devoe_wolfe_loomis_minter_2021, title={Retrospective Analysis of Cataract Formation and Nutritional Etiology in a Managed Collection of Parakeet Auklets (Aethia psittacula)}, volume={35}, ISSN={["1938-2871"]}, DOI={10.1647/20-00037}, abstractNote={Abstract: The parakeet auklet (Aethia psittacula) is a piscivorous seabird with a natural diet of various invertebrate and teleost species, which is challenging to replicate in a managed collection. A high prevalence of early onset cataracts was observed in a managed collection of parakeet auklets at the North Carolina Zoo (Asheboro, NC, USA), which was hypothesized to be related to inappropriate vitamin A and E levels. From 1994 to 2002, these parakeet auklets were offered dietary supplementation comprising Vita-Zu small bird tablets. In June 2002, the birds were transitioned to only Thiamin-E paste (vitamin E and thiamin only). Plasma samples were collected from birds with and without cataracts from 1998 to 2005 and submitted for vitamin A (retinol) and vitamin E (α-tocopherol) analysis. Food items comprising the birds' diet were also evaluated for vitamin content. This information was combined with clinical and necropsy data from medical records from 1994 to 2015. A total of 78% of birds (39/50) developed cataracts, with a median age of onset of 7 years (range, 2–12 years). Cataracts ranged from incipient to hypermature during both routine ophthalmic examinations and postmortem evaluations. The median (range) of plasma retinol and α-tocopherol values were 1.99 µg/mL (0.20–6.68 µg/mL) and 15.39 µg/mL (3.40–96.27 µg/mL), respectively. There were no significant differences in plasma concentrations of vitamins based on the animals' sex, origin, presence of cataracts, or administered vitamin supplementation product. No other etiologies for cataract development were identified in the population. Further research in free-ranging parakeet auklet nutrition and cataract occurrence is warranted for continued species collection management.}, number={4}, journal={JOURNAL OF AVIAN MEDICINE AND SURGERY}, author={Phillips, Brianne E. and Dierenfeld, Ellen S. and English, Robert and Troan, Brigid and Reininger, Ken and Zombeck, Debbie J. and DeVoe, Ryan S. and Wolfe, Barbara and Loomis, Michael R. and Minter, Larry J.}, year={2021}, month={Dec}, pages={390–401} }
 @article{gjeltema_troan_muehlenbachs_liu_da silva_qvarnstrom_tobias_loomis_de voe_2016, title={Amoebic meningoencephalitis and disseminated infection caused by Balamuthia mandrillaris in a Western lowland gorilla (Gorilla gorilla gorilla)}, volume={248}, ISSN={["1943-569X"]}, DOI={10.2460/javma.248.3.315}, abstractNote={CASE DESCRIPTION A 22-year-old male gorilla (Gorilla gorilla gorilla) housed in a zoo was evaluated for signs of lethargy, head-holding, and cervical stiffness followed by development of neurologic abnormalities including signs of depression, lip droop, and tremors. CLINICAL FINDINGS Physical examination under general anesthesia revealed a tooth root abscess and suboptimal body condition. A CBC and serum biochemical analysis revealed mild anemia, neutrophilia and eosinopenia consistent with a stress leukogram, and signs consistent with dehydration. Subsequent CSF analysis revealed lymphocytic pleocytosis and markedly increased total protein concentration. TREATMENT AND OUTCOME Despite treatment with antimicrobials, steroids, and additional supportive care measures, the gorilla's condition progressed to an obtunded mentation with grand mal seizures over the course of 10 days. Therefore, the animal was euthanized and necropsy was performed. Multifocal areas of malacia and hemorrhage were scattered throughout the brain; on histologic examination, these areas consisted of necrosis and hemorrhage associated with mixed inflammation, vascular necrosis, and intralesional amoebic trophozoites. Tan foci were also present in the kidneys and pancreas. Immunohistochemical testing positively labeled free-living amoebae within the brain, kidneys, eyes, pancreas, heart, and pulmonary capillaries. Subsequent PCR assay of CSF and frozen kidney samples identified the organism as Balamuthia mandrillaris, confirming a diagnosis of amoebic meningoencephalitis. CLINICAL RELEVANCE Infection with B mandrillaris has been reported to account for 2.8% of captive gorilla deaths in North America over the past 19 years. Clinicians working with gorillas should have a high index of suspicion for this diagnosis when evaluating and treating animals with signs of centrally localized neurologic disease.}, number={3}, journal={JAVMA-JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN VETERINARY MEDICAL ASSOCIATION}, author={Gjeltema, Jenessa L. and Troan, Brigid and Muehlenbachs, Atis and Liu, Lindy and Da Silva, Alexandre J. and Qvarnstrom, Yvonne and Tobias, Jeremy R. and Loomis, Michael R. and De Voe, Ryan S.}, year={2016}, month={Feb}, pages={315–321} }
 @article{hurley-sanders_larsen_troan_loomis_2015, title={FUNGAL OSTEOMYELITIS IN TWO BUFFLEHEAD DUCKLINGS (BUCEPHALA ALBEOLA)}, volume={46}, ISSN={["1937-2825"]}, DOI={10.1638/2014-0196.1}, abstractNote={Abstract:  Over a 25-mo span from a single zoologic collection, two bufflehead ducklings (Bucephala albeola) presented with pelvic limb paresis and were euthanized. On postmortem examination, the first duckling had intralesional fungal hyphae consistent with Aspergillus sp. in the spinal vertebrae and within pulmonary granulomas. In the second duckling, evidence of a thoracic spinal lesion was detected antemortem by using thermographic imaging. At postmortem examination, fungal hyphae consistent with Mucor sp. were found within the vertebrae. Although fungal infections of the respiratory system are commonly reported in waterfowl, infections that involve the spinal cord and vertebrae are unusual. These cases highlight the importance of consideration of axial skeleton fungal disease in neurologic presentations and the use of thermography for noninvasive diagnostic screening.}, number={3}, journal={JOURNAL OF ZOO AND WILDLIFE MEDICINE}, author={Hurley-Sanders, Jennifer L. and Larsen, R. Scott and Troan, Brigid and Loomis, Michael}, year={2015}, month={Sep}, pages={613–616} }
 @article{hurley-sanders_sladky_nolan_loomis_2015, title={Use of cortical bone fenestration, autogenous free skin graft, and thermography for wound treatment and monitoring in a red wolf (Canis rufus gregoryi)}, volume={46}, DOI={10.1638/2014-0197.1}, abstractNote={Abstract:  A 2-yr-old female red wolf (Canis rufus gregoryi) sustained a degloving injury to the left thoracic limb while in a display habitat. Initial attempts to resolve the extensive wound by using conservative measures were unsuccessful. Subsequent treatment using a free skin graft consisted first of establishment of an adequate granulation bed via cortical bone fenestration. After establishment of a healthy granulation bed was achieved, free skin graft was harvested and transposed over the bed. To monitor viability and incorporation of the graft, serial thermographic imaging was performed. Thermography noninvasively detects radiant heat patterns and can be used to assess vascularization of tissue, potentially allowing early detection of graft failure. In this case, thermography documented successful graft attachment.}, number={3}, journal={Journal of Zoo and Wildlife Medicine}, author={Hurley-Sanders, J. L. and Sladky, K. K. and Nolan, E. C. and Loomis, M. R.}, year={2015}, pages={617–620} }
 @article{niemuth_de voe_jennings_loomis_troan_2014, title={Malignant hypertension and retinopathy in a western lowland gorilla (Gorilla gorilla gorilla)}, volume={43}, ISSN={["1600-0684"]}, DOI={10.1111/jmp.12114}, abstractNote={A 34‐year‐old western lowland gorilla presented with peracute blindness.}, number={4}, journal={JOURNAL OF MEDICAL PRIMATOLOGY}, publisher={Wiley-Blackwell}, author={Niemuth, Jennifer N. and De Voe, Ryan S. and Jennings, Samuel H. and Loomis, Michael R. and Troan, Brigid V.}, year={2014}, month={Aug}, pages={276–279} }
 @article{stringer_de voe_linder_troan_mccalla-martin_loomis_2012, title={VESICULOBULLOUS SKIN REACTION TEMPORALLY RELATED TO FIROCOXIB TREATMENT IN A WHITE RHINOCEROS (CERATOTHERIUM SIMUM)}, volume={43}, ISSN={["1042-7260"]}, DOI={10.1638/2011-0128.1}, abstractNote={Abstract:  A 40 yr-old female white rhinoceros (Ceratotherium simum) suffered from chronic nail-bed abscesses. Due to worsening of clinical signs, the animal's nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory treatment was switched to firocoxib. Approximately 7 days after this change, the animal developed multifocal vesicles and bullae along the lateral aspects of the thorax and abdomen, the dorsum, and the proximal limbs. Cytology and culture did not identify an infectious etiology. Histologically, the lesions consisted of a severe, subacute vesiculobullous dermatitis with intraepidermal to subepidermal clefting with areas of individual keratinocyte necrosis and minor neutrophilic epidermal infiltrates. These findings are similar to those seen in some drug reactions in people; therefore an adverse drug reaction to the firocoxib was suspected.}, number={1}, journal={JOURNAL OF ZOO AND WILDLIFE MEDICINE}, author={Stringer, Elizabeth M. and De Voe, Ryan S. and Linder, Keith and Troan, Brigid and McCalla-Martin, Amy and Loomis, Michael R.}, year={2012}, month={Mar}, pages={186–189} }
 @article{stringer_de voe_loomis_2011, title={SUSPECTED ANAPHYLAXIS TO LEUPROLIDE ACETATE DEPOT IN TWO ELF OWLS (MICRATHENE WHITNEYI)}, volume={42}, ISSN={["1042-7260"]}, DOI={10.1638/2010-0145.1}, abstractNote={Abstract Two adult female elf owls (Micrathene whitneyi) were treated with leuprolide acetate depot injections to prevent egg laying. The birds were treated for several years without complications. Several years into the treatment regimen, both birds died immediately after receiving an injection of leuprolide acetate. Remaining drug was analyzed, revealing 95.7% potency. We suspect that either an immediate Type 1 hypersensitivity reaction occurred or a contaminant was present, resulting in the fatalities of these elf owls. No reports of anaphylaxis to leuprolide acetate in birds were identified in the literature. Clinicians should be aware of the possibility of anaphylaxis when administering this medication to avian patients.}, number={1}, journal={JOURNAL OF ZOO AND WILDLIFE MEDICINE}, author={Stringer, Elizabeth M. and De Voe, Ryan S. and Loomis, Michael R.}, year={2011}, month={Mar}, pages={166–168} }
 @article{troan_perelygina_patrusheva_van wettere_hilliard_loomis_de voe_2007, title={Naturally transmitted herpesvirus papio-2 infection in a black and white colobus monkey}, volume={231}, ISSN={["1943-569X"]}, DOI={10.2460/javma.231.12.1878}, abstractNote={CASE DESCRIPTION
A 6.5-year-old female eastern black and white colobus monkey (Colobus guereza) was evaluated after acute onset of ataxia and inappetence.


CLINICAL FINDINGS
The monkey was ataxic and lethargic, but no other abnormalities were detected via physical examination, radiography, or clinicopathologic analyses. During the next 2 days, the monkey's clinical condition deteriorated, and its WBC count decreased dramatically. Cytologic examination of a CSF sample revealed marked lymphohistiocytic inflammation.


TREATMENT AND OUTCOME
Despite supportive care, the monkey became apneic; after 20 hours of mechanical ventilation, fatal cardiac arrest occurred. At necropsy, numerous petechiae were detected within the white matter tracts of the brain; microscopic lesions of multifocal necrosis and hemorrhage with intranuclear inclusions identified in the brain and adrenal glands were consistent with an acute herpesvirus infection. A specific diagnosis of herpesvirus papio-2 (HVP-2) infection was made on the basis of results of serologic testing; PCR assay of tissue specimens; live virus isolation from the lungs; and immunohistochemical identification of the virus within brain, spinal cord, and adrenal gland lesions. Via phylogenetic tree analysis, the colobus HVP-2 isolate was grouped with neuroinvasive strains of the virus. The virus was most likely transmitted to the colobus monkey through toys shared with a nearby colony of baboons (the natural host of HVP-2).


CLINICAL RELEVANCE
To the authors' knowledge, this is the first reported case of natural transmission of HVP-2 to a nonhost species. Infection with HVP-2 should be a differential diagnosis for acute encephalopathy in primate monkeys and humans, particularly following exposure to baboons.}, number={12}, journal={JAVMA-JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN VETERINARY MEDICAL ASSOCIATION}, author={Troan, Brigid V. and Perelygina, Ludmila and Patrusheva, Irina and Van Wettere, Arnaud J. and Hilliard, Julia K. and Loomis, Michael R. and De Voe, Ryan S.}, year={2007}, month={Dec}, pages={1878–1883} }
 @article{rotstein_flowers_wolfe_loomis_2005, title={Renal trematodiasis in captive double-toothed barbets (Lybius bidentatus)}, volume={36}, ISSN={["1042-7260"]}, DOI={10.1638/03-119}, abstractNote={Abstract Two double-toothed barbets (Lybius bidentatus) were swallowed and regurgitated by a snake within a free-flight aviary. Trematodes were observed histopatholgically within the renal pelvises and proximal ureters with associated mucosal hyperplasia and mild heterohistiocytic inflammation in both birds. Trematodes were identified as Tanaisia (Tamerlania) zarudnyi, which have a life cycle involving terrestrial snails. Trematodes have been reported within kidneys in several orders of birds, including the Columbiformes, Passeriformes, Stercorariidae, Anseriformes, Galliformes, and Piciformes. Snails were not uncommon within the barbets' aviary and may have been the source of exposure. Renal trematodiasis is probably an incidental finding in these birds because there were no clinical signs and the birds lacked pronounced histologic lesions in the kidney that would be associated with ureteral or pelvic obstruction.}, number={1}, journal={JOURNAL OF ZOO AND WILDLIFE MEDICINE}, author={Rotstein, DS and Flowers, JR and Wolfe, BA and Loomis, M}, year={2005}, month={Mar}, pages={124–126} }
 @article{whittier_horne_slenning_loomis_stoskopf_2004, title={Comparison of storage methods for reverse-transcriptase PCR amplification of rotavirus RNA from gorilla (Gorilla g. gorilla) fecal samples}, volume={116}, number={1}, journal={Journal of Virological Methods}, author={Whittier, C. A. and Horne, W. and Slenning, B. and Loomis, M. and Stoskopf, M. K.}, year={2004}, month={Mar}, pages={17-} }
 @article{kalema-zikusoka_horne_levine_loomis_2003, title={Comparison of the cardiorespiratory effects of medetomidine-butorphanol-ketamine and medetomidine-butorphanol-midazolam in patas monkeys (Erythrocebus patas).}, volume={34}, number={1}, journal={Journal of Zoo and Wildlife Medicine}, author={Kalema-Zikusoka, G. and Horne, W. A. and Levine, J. and Loomis, M. R.}, year={2003}, pages={47–52} }
 @article{bull_kennedy-stoskopf_levine_loomis_gebhard_tompkins_2003, title={Evaluation of T lymphocytes in captive African lions (Panthera leo) infected with feline immunodeficiency virus}, volume={64}, ISSN={["0002-9645"]}, DOI={10.2460/ajvr.2003.64.1293}, abstractNote={OBJECTIVE
To determine whether FIV infection in captive African lions is associated with changes in immune cell variables similar to those detected in domestic cats infected with FIV.


ANIMALS
5 captive African lions naturally infected with FIV (FIV+) and 5 lions not infected with FIV (FIV-).


PROCEDURE
Peripheral blood samples were collected from FIV+ lions during annual examinations conducted during a 7-year period and at a single time point from the FIV- lions. From results of CBC and flow cytometry, lymphocyte subsets were characterized and compared.


RESULTS
Flow cytometric analysis revealed that the percentage and absolute number of CD4+ and CD8+ T cells were significantly lower in FIV+ lions, compared with these values in FIV- lions. In FIV+ lions, severe depletion in the absolute number of CD4+ and CD8+ T cells was detected, although this did not correlate with clinical signs. Muscle wasting was the most consistent clinical sign of infection.


CONCLUSIONS AND CLINICAL RELEVANCE
Results suggest that FIV+ African lions develop lymphocyte deficiencies, including significant decreases in the absolute number of CD4+ and CD8+ T cells; these findings of immune dysfunction are similar to those defined for FIV+ domestic cats. It is important to monitor the number of CD4+ T cells in infected animals as a measure of disease progression.}, number={10}, journal={AMERICAN JOURNAL OF VETERINARY RESEARCH}, author={Bull, ME and Kennedy-Stoskopf, S and Levine, JF and Loomis, M and Gebhard, DG and Tompkins, WAF}, year={2003}, month={Oct}, pages={1293–1300} }
 @article{larsen_loomis_kelly_sladky_stoskopf_horne_2002, title={Cardiorespiratory effects of medetomidine-butorphanol, medetomidine-butorphanol-diazepam, and medetomidine-butorphanol-ketamine in captive red wolves (Canis rufus).}, volume={33}, number={2}, journal={Journal of Zoo and Wildlife Medicine}, author={Larsen, R. S. and Loomis, M. R. and Kelly, B. T. and Sladky, K. K. and Stoskopf, M. K. and Horne, W. A.}, year={2002}, pages={101–107} }
 @article{horne_tchamba_loomis_2001, title={A simple method of providing intermittent positive-pressure ventilation to etorphine-immobilized elephants (Loxodonta africana) in the field}, volume={32}, number={4}, journal={Journal of Zoo and Wildlife Medicine}, author={Horne, W. A. and Tchamba, M. N. and Loomis, M. R.}, year={2001}, pages={519–522} }
 @article{chittick_horne_wolfe_sladky_loomis_2001, title={Cardiopulmonary assessment of medetomidine, ketamine, and butorphanol anesthesia in captive Thomson's gazelles (Gazella thomsoni)}, volume={32}, number={2}, journal={Journal of Zoo and Wildlife Medicine}, author={Chittick, E. and Horne, W. and Wolfe, B. and Sladky, K. and Loomis, M.}, year={2001}, pages={168–175} }
 @article{sladky_swanson_stoskopf_loomis_lewbart_2001, title={Comparative efficacy of tricaine methanesulfonate and clove oil for use as anesthetics in red pacu (Piaractus brachypomus)}, volume={62}, ISSN={["1943-5681"]}, DOI={10.2460/ajvr.2001.62.337}, abstractNote={OBJECTIVE
To compare the anesthetic efficacy and physiologic changes associated with exposure to tricaine methanesulfonate and clove oil (100% eugenol).


ANIMALS
15 adult cultured red pacu (Piaractus brachypomus).


PROCEDURE
Fish were exposed to each of 6 anesthetic concentrations in a within-subjects complete crossover design. Stages of anesthesia and recovery were measured, and physiologic data were collected before and during anesthesia.


RESULTS
Interval to induction was more rapid and recovery more prolonged in fish exposed to eugenol, compared with those exposed to tricaine methanesulfonate. The margin of safety for eugenol was narrow, because at the highest concentration, most fish required resuscitation. Mixed venous-arterial PO2 consistently decreased with anesthesia, while PCO2 consistently increased with anesthesia in all fish regardless of anesthetic agent. The increase in PCO2 was accompanied by a decrease in pH, presumably secondary to respiratory acidosis. Anesthesia was associated with increased blood glucose, potassium, and sodium concentrations as well as Hct and hemoglobin. Fish anesthetized with eugenol were more likely to react to a hypodermic needle puncture than fish anesthetized with tricaine methanesulfonate.


CONCLUSIONS AND CLINICAL RELEVANCE
Anesthesia induced with tricaine methanesulfonate or eugenol contributes to hypoxemia, hypercapnia, respiratory acidosis, and hyperglycemia in red pacu. Similar to tricaine methanesulfonate, eugenol appears to be an effective immobilization compound, but eugenol is characterized by more rapid induction, prolonged recovery, and a narrow margin of safety. Care must be taken when using high concentrations of eugenol for induction, because ventilatory failure may occur rapidly. In addition, analgesic properties of eugenol are unknown.}, number={3}, journal={AMERICAN JOURNAL OF VETERINARY RESEARCH}, author={Sladky, KK and Swanson, CR and Stoskopf, MK and Loomis, MR and Lewbart, GA}, year={2001}, month={Mar}, pages={337–342} }
 @article{tocidlowski_merrill_loomis_wright_2001, title={Teratoma in desert grassland whiptail lizards (Cnemidophorus uniparens)}, volume={32}, number={2}, journal={Journal of Zoo and Wildlife Medicine}, author={Tocidlowski, M. E. and Merrill, C. L. and Loomis, M. R. and Wright, J. F.}, year={2001}, pages={257–259} }
 @article{wolfe_harms_groves_loomis_2001, title={Treatment of Argulus sp infestation of river frogs}, volume={40}, number={6}, journal={Contemporary Topics in Laboratory Animal Science}, author={Wolfe, B. A. and Harms, C. A. and Groves, J. D. and Loomis, M. R.}, year={2001}, month={Nov}, pages={35–36} }
 @article{sladky_kelly_loomis_stoskopf_horne_2000, title={Cardiorespiratory effects of four alpha(2)-adrenoceptor agonist-ketamine combinations in captive red wolves}, volume={217}, ISSN={["0003-1488"]}, DOI={10.2460/javma.2000.217.1366}, abstractNote={OBJECTIVE
To evaluate the cardiopulmonary effects of immobilizing doses of xylazine-ketamine (XK), medetomidine-ketamine (MK), medetomidine-ketamine-acepromazine (MKA), and medetomidine-butorphanol-ketamine (MBK) in captive red wolves.


DESIGN
Prospective study.


ANIMALS
32 adult captive red wolves.


PROCEDURE
Wolves were randomly assigned to 1 of 4 treatment groups: XK, MK, MKA, or MBK. Physiologic variables measured included heart rate, blood pressure, respiratory rate, tidal volume, oxygen-hemoglobin saturation (Spo2), end-tidal CO2, arterial blood gases, and rectal temperature. Induction time, muscle relaxation, and quality of recovery were assessed.


RESULTS
Heart rates were lower in wolves in the MBK group than for the other groups. All 4 drug combinations induced considerable hypertension, with diastolic pressures exceeding 116 mm Hg. Blood pressure was lowest in wolves receiving the MBK combination. Respiratory rate was significantly higher in wolves receiving XK, MK, and MKA. Tidal volumes were similar for all groups. Wolves receiving XK, MK, and MKA were well-oxygenated throughout the procedure (SPo2 > 93%), whereas those receiving MBK were moderately hypoxemic (87% < Spo2 < 93%) during the first 20 minutes of the procedure. Hyperthermia was detected initially following induction in all groups.


CONCLUSIONS AND CLINICAL RELEVANCE
The alpha2-adrenoceptor agonist-ketamine combinations provide rapid reversible anesthesia for red wolves but cause severe sustained hypertension. Such an adverse effect puts animals at risk for development of cerebral encephalopathy, retinal hemorrhage, pulmonary edema, and myocardial failure. Although the MBK combination offers some advantages over the others, it is advised that further protocol refinements be made to minimize risks associated with acute hypertension.}, number={9}, journal={JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN VETERINARY MEDICAL ASSOCIATION}, author={Sladky, KK and Kelly, BT and Loomis, MR and Stoskopf, MK and Horne, WA}, year={2000}, month={Nov}, pages={1366–1371} }
 @article{sladky_dalldorf_steinberg_wright_loomis_2000, title={Cholesterol granulomas in three meerkats (Suricata suricatta)}, volume={37}, ISSN={["0300-9858"]}, DOI={10.1354/vp.37-6-684}, abstractNote={Cholesterol granulomas are uncommon pathologic lesions in animals, although they are important intracranial tumors in humans. This report describes cholesterol granulomas associated with multiple organ systems of three captive meerkats. In the most severe case, meerkat No. 1, the pathologic behavior of the cholesterol granuloma was unique in that it appeared to locally invade the cerebrum and calvarium, possibly contributing to neurological deficits observed antemortem. A review of other meerkat necropsies revealed incidental, asymptomatic cholesterol granulomas in organs of two other individuals, meerkat Nos. 2 and 3. Histologically, all lesions were composed of cholesterol clefts admixed with large, foamy macrophages containing hemosiderin, multinucleated giant cells, lymphocytes, plasma cells, and foci of mineralization. Hypercholesterolemia was documented in two of the three meerkats.}, number={6}, journal={VETERINARY PATHOLOGY}, author={Sladky, KK and Dalldorf, FG and Steinberg, H and Wright, JF and Loomis, MR}, year={2000}, month={Nov}, pages={684–686} }
 @article{sladky_horne_goodrowe_stoskopf_loomis_harms_2000, title={Evaluation of epidural morphine for postoperative analgesia in ferrets (Mustela putorius furo)}, volume={39}, number={6}, journal={Contemporary Topics in Laboratory Animal Science}, author={Sladky, K. K. and Horne, W. A. and Goodrowe, K. L. and Stoskopf, M. K. and Loomis, M. R. and Harms, C. A.}, year={2000}, month={Nov}, pages={33–38} }
 @article{sladky_norton_loomis_2000, title={Trombiculid mites (Hannemania sp.) in canyon tree frogs (Hylaarenicolor)}, volume={31}, number={4}, journal={Journal of Zoo and Wildlife Medicine}, author={Sladky, K. K. and Norton, T. M. and Loomis, M. R.}, year={2000}, pages={570–575} }
 @article{faucette_loomis_reininger_zombeck_stout_porter_dykstra_1999, title={A three-year study of viable airborne fungi in the North Carolina Zoological Park RJR Nabisco Rocky Coast Alcid Exhibit}, volume={30}, number={1}, journal={Journal of Zoo and Wildlife Medicine}, author={Faucette, T. G. and Loomis, M. and Reininger, K. and Zombeck, D. and Stout, H. and Porter, C. and Dykstra, M. J.}, year={1999}, pages={44–53} }
 @inbook{loomis_ramsay_1999, title={Anesthesia for captive Nile hippopotamus}, booktitle={Zoo & wild animal medicine: Current therapy (4th ed.)}, publisher={Philadelphia, Pa.: W.B. Saunders}, author={Loomis, M. R. and Ramsay, E. C.}, editor={M. E. Fowler and Miller, R. E.Editors}, year={1999}, pages={638–639} }
 @article{stamper_norton_spodnick_marti_loomis_1999, title={Hypospadias in a polar bear (Ursus maritimus).}, volume={30}, number={1}, journal={Journal of Zoo and Wildlife Medicine}, author={Stamper, M. A. and Norton, T. and Spodnick, G. and Marti, J. and Loomis, M.}, year={1999}, pages={141–144} }
 @inbook{spaulding_loomis_1999, title={Principles and applications of computed tomography and magnetic resonance imaging in zoo and wildlife medicine}, booktitle={Zoo & wild animal medicine: Current therapy (4th ed.)}, publisher={Philadelphia, Pa.: W.B. Saunders}, author={Spaulding, K. and Loomis, M. R.}, editor={M. E. Fowler and Miller, R. E.Editors}, year={1999}, pages={83–88} }
 @article{stamper_norton_loomis_1998, title={Acid-fast bacterial infection in four turacos}, volume={12}, number={2}, journal={Journal of Avian Medicine and Surgery}, author={Stamper, A. and Norton, T. and Loomis, M.}, year={1998}, pages={108–111} }
 @article{dykstra_loomis_reininger_zombeck_faucette_1997, title={A comparison of sampling methods for airborne fungal spores during an outbreak of aspergillosis in the forest aviary of the North Carolina Zoological Park}, volume={28}, number={4 (Index iss.)}, journal={Journal of Zoo and Wildlife Medicine}, author={Dykstra, M. J. and Loomis, M. and Reininger, K. and Zombeck, D. and Faucette, T.}, year={1997}, pages={454–463} }
 @article{mashima_norton_loomis_dalldorf_1997, title={Hypercortisolism and diabetes mellitus secondary to a steroid cell tumor of the ovary in a bat-eared fox (Otocyon megalotis)}, volume={9}, ISSN={["1040-6387"]}, DOI={10.1177/104063879700900418}, abstractNote={reports in dogs 10 and cats 12 describe likely endocrinopathies based on physical examination and history, but without complete laboratory assessments. This report presents clinical and pathological data from a case of a steroid cell tumor in the ovary of a bat-eared fox (Otocyon megalotis) with hypercortisolism and diabetes mellitus. An 11-year-old nulliparous bat-eared fox was presented with bilateral protrusion of the nictitating membranes. The fox was obese and dehydrated and had a grade II/V systolic murmur. Abnormalities in serum biochemical parameters included elevations in blood urea nitrogen, glucose, alanine aminotransferase (ALT), alkaline phosphatase (ALP), total bilirubin, amylase, and cholesterol when compared to values obtained for this animal prior to the onset of signs (Table 1). Serum total bile acids (3.7 mmol/liter) were within reference ranges for fasting and postprandial concentrations in dogs. 1 Serum total thyroxine (2.3 mg/dl) concentrations were within the reference range for dogs. 3 Liver biopsies collected via laparotomy revealed moderate, diffuse hepatocellular hydropic degeneration suggestive of a steroid hepatopathy. The laparotomy site dehisced and became infected. The wound was managed with parenteral antibiotics, cleaning, and debridement. A low-dose dexamethasone test was performed after surgical dehiscence was nearly completely healed to evaluate the pituitary-adrenocortical axis. The baseline serum cortisol concentration was 2.8 mg/dl. Dexamethasone sodium phosphate (0.01 mg/kg) was administered intravenously. Serum cortisol concentrations were 2.4 mg/dl and 3.0 mg/dl 4 and 8 hours after dexamethasone administration, respectively. The adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH) concentration, assayed by radioimmunoassay, a was below detectable concentration, compared with 6.5 pmol/liter in a clinically normal conspecific. These findings were compatible with a diagnosis of a functional cortisol-secreting tumor. The blood glucose concentrations were variable, ranging from 65 to 195 mg/dl, until a marked hyperglycemia (350 mg/dl) was noted 3 months after the onset of signs. Glycosuria was also persistently present (. 100 mg/dl). Insulin}, number={4}, journal={JOURNAL OF VETERINARY DIAGNOSTIC INVESTIGATION}, author={Mashima, TY and Norton, TM and Loomis, MR and Dalldorf, FG}, year={1997}, month={Oct}, pages={432–434} }
 @article{tocidlowski_cornish_loomis_stoskopf_1997, title={Mortality in captive wild caught horned puffin chicks (Fratercula corniculata)}, volume={28}, number={3}, journal={Journal of Zoo and Wildlife Medicine}, author={Tocidlowski, M. E. and Cornish, T. E. and Loomis, M. R. and Stoskopf, M. K.}, year={1997}, pages={298–306} }
 @article{beck_loomis_lewbart_spelman_papich_1995, title={Preliminary comparison of plasma concentrations of gentamicin injected into the cranial and caudal limb musculature of the eastern box turtle (Terrapene carolina carolina)}, volume={26}, number={2}, journal={Journal of Zoo and Wildlife Medicine}, author={Beck, K. and Loomis, M. and Lewbart, G. and Spelman, L. and Papich, M.}, year={1995}, pages={265–268} }
 @article{minter_dombrowski_stoskopf_purnell_loomis_de voe, title={Hematology and plasma biochemical values for free ranging cottonmouths (Agkistrodon piscivorus) in central North Carolina, USA}, volume={8}, number={2}, journal={Herpetological Conservation and Biology}, author={Minter, L. J. and Dombrowski, D. S. and Stoskopf, M. K. and Purnell, C. A. and Loomis, M. R. and De Voe, R. S.}, pages={321–334} }