@article{schramme_josson_linder_2012, title={Characterization of the origin and body of the normal equine rear suspensory ligament using ultrasonography, magnetic resonance imaging, and histology}, volume={53}, number={3}, journal={Veterinary Radiology & Ultrasound}, author={Schramme, M. and Josson, A. and Linder, K.}, year={2012}, pages={318–328} }
 @article{caniglia_schramme_smith_2012, title={The effect of intralesional injection of bone marrow derived mesenchymal stem cells and bone marrow supernatant on collagen fibril size in a surgical model of equine superficial digital flexor tendonitis}, volume={44}, number={5}, journal={Equine Veterinary Journal}, author={Caniglia, C. J. and Schramme, M. C. and Smith, R. K.}, year={2012}, pages={587–593} }
 @article{dyson_murray_schramme_blunden_2011, title={Current concepts of navicular disease}, volume={23}, number={1}, journal={Equine Veterinary Education}, author={Dyson, S. and Murray, R. and Schramme, M. and Blunden, T.}, year={2011}, pages={27–39} }
 @article{schramme_2011, title={Deep digital flexor tendonopathy in the foot}, volume={23}, number={8}, journal={Equine Veterinary Education}, author={Schramme, M. C.}, year={2011}, pages={403–415} }
 @article{toth_schumacher_schramme_hecht_2011, title={Evaluation of four techniques for injecting the trochanteric bursa of horses}, volume={40}, number={4}, journal={Veterinary Surgery}, author={Toth, F. and Schumacher, J. and Schramme, M. and Hecht, S.}, year={2011}, pages={489–493} }
 @article{labens_schramme_robertson_thrall_redding_2010, title={CLINICAL, MAGNETIC RESONANCE, AND SONOGRAPHIC IMAGING FINDINGS IN HORSES WITH PROXIMAL PLANTAR METATARSAL PAIN}, volume={51}, ISSN={["1740-8261"]}, DOI={10.1111/j.1740-8261.2009.01614.x}, abstractNote={Sonography is commonly used for diagnosis of desmopathy of the proximal part of the suspensory ligament in horses. However, magnetic resonance (MR) imaging has been stated to be superior for detecting disease and localizing lesions. In this retrospective study of 39 horses or 46 hind limbs with lameness due to proximal plantar metatarsal pain, the clinical and diagnostic findings are discussed and sonography and MR imaging compared for examination of the proximal part of the suspensory ligament. With MR imaging interpreted as the clinical gold standard, desmopathy of the proximal part of the suspensory ligament was diagnosed in 21 hind limbs, proximal plantar metatarsal pain of unknown cause in 12, an osseous injury at the origin of the suspensory ligament in four and a condition unrelated to the suspensory ligament in nine. Based on these findings, sonography had a sensitivity of 0.77 and 0.66 and specificity of 0.33 and 0.31 for diagnosing proximal suspensory desmopathy and for accurately localizing lesions, respectively. MR imaging changes consistent with proximal suspensory desmopathy were signal hyperintensities and an increase in cross‐sectional area compared with the contralateral limb. Anesthesia of the deep branch of the lateral plantar nerve is not specific neither for proximal suspensory desmopathy, as conditions unrelated to the suspensory ligament were diagnosed, nor for diagnosis of proximal plantar metatarsal pain, as conditions outside the proximal plantar metatarsal region were also diagnosed.}, number={1}, journal={VETERINARY RADIOLOGY & ULTRASOUND}, author={Labens, Raphael and Schramme, Michael C. and Robertson, Ian D. and Thrall, Donald E. and Redding, W. Rich}, year={2010}, pages={11–18} }
 @article{schramme_kerekes_hunter_labens_2010, title={MR IMAGING FEATURES OF SURGICALLY INDUCED CORE LESIONS IN THE EQUINE SUPERFICIAL DIGITAL FLEXOR TENDON}, volume={51}, ISSN={["1740-8261"]}, DOI={10.1111/j.1740-8261.2009.01660.x}, abstractNote={Tendon injuries are common in athletic humans and horses. Ultrasonography is the diagnostic method of choice in horses with tendon injuries but there is increasing application of magnetic resonance (MR) imaging to monitor and follow-up tendon healing. A core lesion was created in the superficial digital flexor tendon (SDFT) of each forelimb of four horses. One of the four horses was euthanized at 2, 4, 8, and 12 weeks after creation of the lesion. MR examinations of the SDFT were performed immediately post mortem in a 1.5 T Siemens Symphony magnet and compared with histologic findings. Measurements from the MR images were also compared to ultrasonographic measurements available from the same lesions. Tendon lesions appeared as well-circumscribed hyperintensities in the core of the SDFT on all pulse sequences. Lesions were most conspicuous on fat-suppressed fast low angle shot (FLASH) sequences and least conspicuous on T2 transverse dual turbo spin echo (T2 TSE) sequences. The signal-difference-to-noise ratio decreased with the age of the lesion in all sequences in this study. Twelve-week-old lesions were not visible on T2 TSE images but in all other sequences the lesion remained hyperintense. The lesion volume and maximum cross-sectional area of core lesions were significantly smaller in T2 TSE images than in other MR sequences. The lesion volume and maximum cross-sectional area of core lesions were significantly larger in proton density, T1, and FLASH sequences and significantly smaller in T2 sequences than when measured from ultrasonographic images. Through comparison between sequences, MR imaging may be able to provide information on various stages of tendon healing.}, number={3}, journal={VETERINARY RADIOLOGY & ULTRASOUND}, author={Schramme, Michael and Kerekes, Zoltan and Hunter, Stuart and Labens, Raphael}, year={2010}, pages={280–287} }
 @article{gonzalez_schramme_robertson_thrall_redding_2010, title={MRI FEATURES OF METACARPO(TARSO)PHALANGEAL REGION LAMENESS IN 40 HORSES}, volume={51}, ISSN={1058-8183 1740-8261}, url={http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1740-8261.2010.01676.x}, DOI={10.1111/j.1740-8261.2010.01676.x}, abstractNote={Lameness originating from the metacarpo(tarso)phalangeal (MP) joint has a significant effect on the use and athletic competitiveness of a horse. The identification of the cause of lameness originating from the MP joint can be challenging, given the limitations of radiography, ultrasonography, and nuclear scintigraphy. Our purpose was to describe the injury types and incidence in magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) studies from 40 horses with lameness attributable to the MP joint region where it was not possible to reach a clinically plausible diagnosis using other imaging modalities. Horses were examined in a 1.5 T magnet (Siemens Medical Solutions) under general anesthesia. The frequency of occurrence of MR lesions was subchondral bone injury (19), straight or oblique distal sesamoidean desmitis (13), articular cartilage injury and osteoarthritis (eight), suspensory branch desmitis (seven), osteochondral fragmentation (seven), proximal sesamoid bone injury (seven), inter-sesamoidean desmitis (four), deep digital flexor tendonitis (four), collateral desmitis (three), superficial digital flexor tendonitis (two), enostosis-like lesions of the proximal phalanx or MCIII (two), desmitis of the palmar annular ligament (one), desmitis of the proximal digital annular ligament (one), and dystrophic calcification of the lateral digital extensor tendon (one). Twenty-five horses had multiple MR abnormalities. MRI provided information that was complementary to radiography, ultrasonography, and nuclear scintigraphy and that allowed for a comprehensive evaluation of all structures in the MP joint region and a diagnosis in all 40 horses.}, number={4}, journal={Veterinary Radiology & Ultrasound}, publisher={Wiley}, author={Gonzalez, Liara M. and Schramme, Michael C. and Robertson, Ian D. and Thrall, Donald E. and Redding, Rich W.}, year={2010}, month={Apr}, pages={404–414} }
 @article{schramme_kerekes_hunter_nagy_pease_2009, title={IMPROVED IDENTIFICATION OF THE PALMAR FIBROCARTILAGE OF THE NAVICULAR BONE WITH SALINE MAGNETIC RESONANCE BURSOGRAPHY}, volume={50}, ISSN={["1740-8261"]}, DOI={10.1111/j.1740-8261.2009.01590.x}, abstractNote={Fibrocartilage degeneration is the earliest pathologic finding in navicular disease but remains difficult to detect, even with magnetic resonance (MR) imaging. We hypothesized that injection of the navicular bursa with saline would improve accuracy of MR imaging evaluation of palmar fibrocartilage. Thoracic limbs were collected from 11 horses within 6 h of death. Imaging was performed with a 1.5 T magnet using sagittal 2D proton density and transverse 3D FLASH sequences with fat saturation. For the purpose of determining sensitivity and specificity of the MR images, fibrocartilage was classified as normal or abnormal, based on combination of the findings of gross and microscopic pathology. Thickness of fibrocartilage was measured on histologic sections and corresponding transverse FLASH MR images before and after injection of saline. A paired Student's t‐test was used for comparison of measurements. Partial thickness fibrocartilage loss was present in 6 of 22 limbs. Sensitivity of precontrast MR images for detection of lesions was 100% while specificity was 6%. Saline MR arthrography resulted in both sensitivity and specificity of 100% based on consensus review. Mean histologic fibrocartilage thickness was 0.75±0.12 mm. Mean fibrocartilage thickness on precontrast transverse FLASH images was 0.93±0.065 and 0.73±0.09 mm on postsaline images. The histologic cartilage thickness was signficantly different from that in precontrast images (P<0.001) but not in images acquired after saline injection (P=0.716). Based on our results, and using pulse sequences as described herein, navicular fibrocartilage can only be evaluated reliably for the presence of partial thickness lesions after intrabursal injection of saline.}, number={6}, journal={VETERINARY RADIOLOGY & ULTRASOUND}, author={Schramme, Michael and Kerekes, Zoltan and Hunter, Stuart and Nagy, Krisztina and Pease, Anthony}, year={2009}, pages={606–614} }
 @article{toth_schumacher_schramme_holder_adair_donnell_2008, title={Compressive damage to the deep branch of the lateral plantar nerve associated with lameness caused by proximal suspensory desmitis}, volume={37}, ISSN={["1532-950X"]}, DOI={10.1111/j.1532-950X.2008.00385.x}, abstractNote={Objective— To describe pathologic changes in the deep branch of the lateral plantar nerve (DBLPN) of horses determined to be lame because of proximal suspensory desmitis (PSD), and to report the outcome after treatment by excision of a segment of the horses' DBLPN.}, number={4}, journal={VETERINARY SURGERY}, author={Toth, Ferenc and Schumacher, Jim and Schramme, Michael and Holder, Troy and Adair, H. Steve and Donnell, Robert L.}, year={2008}, month={Jun}, pages={328–335} }
 @article{schramme_2008, title={Treatment of deep digital flexor tendonitis in the foot}, volume={20}, number={7}, journal={Equine Veterinary Education}, author={Schramme, M. C.}, year={2008}, pages={389–391} }
 @article{harper_schumacher_degraves_schramme_schumacher_2007, title={Effects of analgesia of the digital flexor tendom sheath on pain originating in the sole, distal interphalangeal joint navicular bursa of horses}, volume={39}, ISSN={["2042-3306"]}, DOI={10.2746/042516407X216336}, abstractNote={Summary}, number={6}, journal={EQUINE VETERINARY JOURNAL}, author={Harper, J. and Schumacher, John and Degraves, F. and Schramme, M. and Schumacher, Jim}, year={2007}, month={Nov}, pages={535–539} }
 @article{merlo_breuhaus_schramme_2007, title={What is your diagnosis?}, volume={230}, ISSN={["0003-1488"]}, DOI={10.2460/javma.230.2.193}, number={2}, journal={JAVMA-JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN VETERINARY MEDICAL ASSOCIATION}, author={Merlo, Jennifer L. and Breuhaus, Betta and Schramme, Michael}, year={2007}, month={Jan}, pages={193–194} }
 @article{dyson_murray_blunden_schramme_2006, title={Current concepts of navicular disease}, volume={18}, number={1}, journal={Equine Veterinary Education}, author={Dyson, S. and Murray, R. and Blunden, T. and Schramme, M.}, year={2006}, pages={45–56} }
 @article{blunden_dyson_murray_schramme_2006, title={Histopathology in horses with chronic palmar foot pain and age-matched controls. Part 1: Navicular bone and related structures}, volume={38}, DOI={10.2746/042516406775374298}, abstractNote={Summary}, number={1}, journal={Equine Veterinary Journal}, author={Blunden, A. and Dyson, S. and Murray, R. and Schramme, M.}, year={2006}, pages={15–22} }
 @article{blunden_dyson_murray_schramme_2006, title={Histopathology in horses with chronic palmar foot pain and age-matched controls. Part 2: The deep digital flexor tendon}, volume={38}, ISSN={["0425-1644"]}, DOI={10.2746/042516406775374342}, abstractNote={Summary}, number={1}, journal={EQUINE VETERINARY JOURNAL}, author={Blunden, A and Dyson, S and Murray, R and Schramme, M}, year={2006}, month={Jan}, pages={23–27} }
 @article{schumacher_schramme_serena_schumacher_2005, title={Anaesthesia of the equine foot}, volume={16}, number={4}, journal={Ippologia}, author={Schumacher, J. and Schramme, M. and Serena, A. and Schumacher, J.}, year={2005}, pages={13-} }
 @article{dyson_murray_schramme_2005, title={Lameness associated with foot pain: results of magnetic resonance imaging in 199 horses (January 2001-December 2003) and response to treatment}, volume={37}, ISSN={["2042-3306"]}, DOI={10.2746/0425164054223804}, abstractNote={Summary}, number={2}, journal={EQUINE VETERINARY JOURNAL}, author={Dyson, SJ and Murray, R and Schramme, MC}, year={2005}, month={Mar}, pages={113–121} }
 @article{schramme_hunter_campbell_blikslager_smith, title={surgical tendonitis model in horses: Techinque, clinical, ultrasonographic and histological characterisation}, volume={23}, number={4}, journal={Veterinary and Comparative Orthopaedics and Traumatology}, author={Schramme, M. and Hunter, S. and Campbell, N. and Blikslager, A. and Smith, R.}, pages={231–239} }