@article{hsu_morrill_pathak_2024, title={Health and retirement: Heterogeneity in the responsiveness to pension incentives}, url={https://doi.org/10.1016/j.econlet.2024.111677}, DOI={10.1016/j.econlet.2024.111677}, journal={Economics Letters}, author={Hsu, De Fen and Morrill, Melinda and Pathak, Aditi}, year={2024}, month={May} }
 @article{morrill_westall_2023, title={Heterogeneity in the educational impacts of natural disasters: Evidence from Hurricane Florence}, volume={94}, ISSN={["1873-7382"]}, DOI={10.1016/j.econedurev.2023.102373}, abstractNote={In September 2018, Hurricane Florence caused widespread and extended school closures throughout North Carolina. Leveraging variation within schools over time, we explore heterogeneity in the impact of hurricane-related schooling disruption on students’ end-of-grade test scores. Impacts were not concentrated on students performing at the lowest levels in the prior year nor on those from the most disadvantaged backgrounds. Rather, the estimates suggest that most students experienced small declines in test performance irrespective of baseline human capital or demographic group.}, journal={ECONOMICS OF EDUCATION REVIEW}, author={Morrill, Melinda and Westall, John}, year={2023}, month={Jun} }
 @article{fell_morrill_2023, title={The Impact of Wind Energy on Air Pollution and Emergency Department Visits}, volume={11}, ISSN={["1573-1502"]}, DOI={10.1007/s10640-023-00825-y}, journal={ENVIRONMENTAL & RESOURCE ECONOMICS}, author={Fell, Harrison and Morrill, Melinda Sandler}, year={2023}, month={Nov} }
 @article{lenard_morrill_westall_2020, title={High school start times and student achievement: Looking beyond test scores}, volume={76}, ISSN={["1873-7382"]}, DOI={10.1016/j.econedurev.2020.101975}, abstractNote={The American Academy of Pediatrics recommends that U.S. secondary schools begin after 8:30 a.m. to better align with the circadian rhythms of adolescents. Yet due to economic and logistic considerations, the vast majority of high schools begin the school day considerably earlier. We leverage a quasi-natural experiment in which five comprehensive high schools in one of the nation’s largest school systems moved start times forty minutes earlier to better coordinate with earlier-start high schools. Here, disruption effects should exacerbate any harmful consequences. We report on the effect of earlier start times on a broad range of outcomes, including mandatory ACT test scores, absenteeism, on-time progress in high school, and college-going. While we fail to find evidence of harmful effects on test scores, we do see a rise in absenteeism and tardiness rates, as well as higher rates of dropping out of high school. These results suggest that the harmful effects of early start times may not be well captured by considering test scores alone.}, journal={ECONOMICS OF EDUCATION REVIEW}, author={Lenard, Matthew and Morrill, Melinda Sandler and Westall, John}, year={2020}, month={Jun} }
 @article{clark_hammond_morrill_khalaf_2019, title={INFORMING RETIREMENT SAVINGS DECISIONS: A FIELD EXPERIMENT ON SUPPLEMENTAL PLANS}, volume={57}, ISSN={["1465-7295"]}, DOI={10.1111/ecin.12731}, abstractNote={Although supplemental saving plans can be an important part of an individual's financial security in retirement, contribution rates remain low, particularly among those with lower salaries and less education. We report findings from an intervention that provided information on key aspects of the employer‐provided supplemental saving plans to older public employees in North Carolina. Among workers participating in a supplemental plan, individuals who received an informational flyer increased their contributions in the months following the intervention relative to the control group. In contrast, individuals who were not enrolled in a retirement saving plan were not moved to begin contributing to a supplemental plan. The results suggest that informational interventions can induce workers who are already engaged in the saving process to reassess their level of retirement preparedness. (JEL C93, D14, D9)}, number={1}, journal={ECONOMIC INQUIRY}, author={Clark, Robert L. and Hammond, Robert G. and Morrill, Melinda S. and Khalaf, Christelle}, year={2019}, month={Jan}, pages={188–205} }
 @article{morrill_westall_2019, title={Social security and retirement timing: evidence from a national sample of teachers}, volume={18}, ISSN={1474-7472 1475-3022}, url={http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1474747218000422}, DOI={10.1017/s1474747218000422}, abstractNote={Abstract}, number={04}, journal={Journal of Pension Economics and Finance}, publisher={Cambridge University Press (CUP)}, author={Morrill, Melinda Sandler and Westall, John}, year={2019}, month={Feb}, pages={549–564} }
 @article{clark_hammond_morrill_vanderweide_2018, title={Annuity Options in Public Pension Plans:The Curious Case of Social Security Leveling}, volume={6}, ISSN={2326-6899 2326-6902}, url={http://dx.doi.org/10.3905/jor.2018.6.1.033}, DOI={10.3905/jor.2018.6.1.033}, abstractNote={Social Security Leveling is an annuity option that allows defined benefit pension participants to receive a level income throughout retirement by taking a larger pension benefit before they reach Social Security eligibility. This option can enable retirees to access a greater proportion of their employer pension wealth at younger ages and have a smoother income stream in retirement, at the cost of a lower pension payment during later retirement years. To evaluate the desirability of this option, a retiree must consider pricing, anticipated life expectancy, and income needs throughout retirement. We show that plan design features of this annuity option favor those who expect a shorter-than-average period of retirement and who have higher personal discount rates. This study uses detailed administrative records on all North Carolina state and local government retirees from 2009 through 2014. Among individuals claiming retirement benefits before age 62, over 20% chose the Social Security Leveling annuity option. Using multivariate regression analysis, this study finds evidence that North Carolina public sector retirees choose the Social Security Leveling option in a manner that is consistent with predictions.}, number={1}, journal={The Journal of Retirement}, publisher={Pageant Media US}, author={Clark, Robert L. and Hammond, Robert G. and Morrill, Melinda Sandler and Vanderweide, David}, year={2018}, month={Jul}, pages={33–44} }
 @article{morrill_2018, title={Special Education Financing and ADHD Medications: A Bitter Pill to Swallow}, volume={37}, ISSN={["1520-6688"]}, DOI={10.1002/pam.22055}, abstractNote={Abstract}, number={2}, journal={JOURNAL OF POLICY ANALYSIS AND MANAGEMENT}, author={Morrill, Melinda Sandler}, year={2018}, pages={384-+} }
 @book{clark_hammond_morrill_vanderweide_2017, title={Annuity Options in Public Pension Plans: The Curious Case of Social Security Leveling}, url={http://dx.doi.org/10.3386/w23262}, DOI={10.3386/w23262}, abstractNote={Social Security Leveling is an annuity option that allows participants to receive a level income before and after age 62. The retiree receives a larger pension benefit prior to age 62, but then the pension benefit is lowered at age 62 when the individual is expected to claim Social Security benefits. This option is not uncommon in public pension plans, yet little is known about how this option is used in practice and its impact on well-being in retirement. Our study uses a combination of administrative records and survey data from recent North Carolina public sector retirees. We find that one-third of all retirees selecting a single life annuity between 2009 and 2014 opted for Social Security Leveling. The evidence suggests that individuals are choosing this option in a way that is consistent with their stated preferences and a consumption smoothing motive. However, we also see higher rates of ex post “regret” in the annuity choice among those choosing the level income option.}, institution={National Bureau of Economic Research}, author={Clark, Robert and Hammond, Robert and Morrill, Melinda and Vanderweide, David}, year={2017}, month={Mar} }
 @misc{clark_sandler morrill_2017, title={Extending Work Life: Can Employers Adapt When Employees Want to Delay Retirement?}, ISBN={9780880995290}, url={http://dx.doi.org/10.17848/9780880995290}, DOI={10.17848/9780880995290}, abstractNote={Aging men and women are increasingly remaining in the labor force. Most often the reason for this is that they need to work additional years in order to be able to support an increasing number of years in retirement. This leaves employers scrambling for ways to adapt to a growing number of retirement-aged workers. Clark and Morrill provide a thorough assessment of the costs and benefits of accommodating later retirement ages, and they describe options employers may use to create some new form of employment contract with aging workers.}, publisher={W.E. Upjohn Institute}, author={Clark, Robert and Sandler Morrill, Melinda}, year={2017}, month={Feb} }
 @book{clark_hammond_morrill_khalaf_2017, title={Nudging Retirement Savings: A Field Experiment on Supplemental Plans}, url={http://dx.doi.org/10.3386/w23679}, DOI={10.3386/w23679}, abstractNote={Although supplemental saving plans can be an important part of an individual's financial security in retirement, contribution rates remain low, particularly among those with lower salaries and less education.We report findings from a field experiment that distributed an informational nudge containing information on key aspects of the employer-provided supplemental saving plans of older public employees in North Carolina.Among workers participating in a supplemental plan, individuals who received an informational nudge increased their contributions in the months following the intervention relative to the control group.Moreover, those that received the nudge reported in a subsequent survey that they were more likely to have developed a retirement plan and report more confidence in their retirement preparedness.In contrast, individuals who were not enrolled in a retirement saving plan were not moved to begin contributing to a supplemental plan.}, institution={National Bureau of Economic Research}, author={Clark, Robert and Hammond, Robert and Morrill, Melinda Sandler and Khalaf, Christelle}, year={2017}, month={Aug} }
 @article{clark_hanson_morrill_pathak_2017, title={Supplemental plan offerings and retirement saving choices: an analysis of North Carolina school districts – CORRIGENDUM}, volume={16}, ISSN={1474-7472 1475-3022}, url={http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/S1474747216000111}, DOI={10.1017/S1474747216000111}, abstractNote={Unlike private sector employers, public school districts generally offer more than one type of supplemental retirement savings plan and allow multiple vendors to offer products. Using individual-level payroll data from over half of the public school districts in North Carolina coupled with data from an employer survey, this study examines how inter-district differences in supplemental plan administration are related to participation in these savings vehicles. We find wide variation in total participation rates and in 403(b) plan participation rates in particular, even among this population of public-sector workers with the same defined benefit pension plan, health plan, and retiree health coverage. Individual and district characteristics explain some, but not all, of the variation observed.}, number={4}, journal={Journal of Pension Economics and Finance}, publisher={Cambridge University Press (CUP)}, author={Clark, Robert L. and Hanson, Emma and Morrill, Melinda Sandler and Pathak, Aditi}, year={2017}, month={Oct}, pages={585–585} }
 @article{clark_hanson_morrill_pathak_2016, title={Supplemental plan offerings and retirement saving choices: an analysis of North Carolina school districts}, volume={15}, ISSN={["1475-3022"]}, DOI={10.1017/s1474747215000414}, abstractNote={Abstract}, number={3}, journal={JOURNAL OF PENSION ECONOMICS & FINANCE}, author={Clark, Robert L. and Hanson, Emma and Morrill, Melinda Sandler and Pathak, Aditi}, year={2016}, month={Jul}, pages={333–355} }
 @article{buckles_hagemann_malamud_morrill_wozniak_2016, title={The effect of college education on mortality}, volume={50}, ISSN={["1879-1646"]}, url={https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jhealeco.2016.08.002}, DOI={10.1016/j.jhealeco.2016.08.002}, abstractNote={We exploit exogenous variation in years of completed college induced by draft-avoidance behavior during the Vietnam War to examine the impact of college on adult mortality. Our estimates imply that increasing college attainment from the level of the state at the 25th percentile of the education distribution to that of the state at the 75th percentile would decrease cumulative mortality for cohorts in our sample by 8 to 10 percent relative to the mean. Most of the reduction in mortality is from deaths due to cancer and heart disease. We also explore potential mechanisms, including differential earnings and health insurance.}, journal={JOURNAL OF HEALTH ECONOMICS}, publisher={Elsevier BV}, author={Buckles, Kasey and Hagemann, Andreas and Malamud, Ofer and Morrill, Melinda and Wozniak, Abigail}, year={2016}, month={Dec}, pages={99–114} }
 @article{allen_clark_maki_morrill_2015, title={Golden Years or Financial Fears?
            How Plans Change after Retirement Seminars}, volume={3}, ISSN={2326-6899 2326-6902}, url={http://dx.doi.org/10.3905/jor.2016.3.3.096}, DOI={10.3905/jor.2016.3.3.096}, abstractNote={Many organizations provide retirement planning seminars as a benefit to their employees, to help them make moreinformed retirement plans. This study examines 85 preretirement planning seminars conducted by five companies in 2008 and 2009 to determine whether participants improved their financial knowledge and learned important facts about retirement programs—and whether, on the basis of this potential change in knowledge, they adjusted their retirement plans. Using surveys conducted before and after the seminars, we find that financial literacy and knowledge of retirement program parameters were significantly higher after the seminar. Employees with the largest increases in knowledge were most likely to change their planned retirement age and planned age of claiming Social Security benefits.}, number={3}, journal={The Journal of Retirement}, publisher={Pageant Media US}, author={Allen, Steven G. and Clark, Robert L. and Maki, Jen and Morrill, Melinda Sandler}, year={2015}, month={Jan}, pages={96–115} }
 @article{morrill_pabilonia_2015, title={What effects do macroeconomic conditions have on the time couples with children spend together?}, volume={13}, ISSN={["1573-7152"]}, DOI={10.1007/s11150-015-9285-x}, number={4}, journal={REVIEW OF ECONOMICS OF THE HOUSEHOLD}, author={Morrill, Melinda Sandler and Pabilonia, Sabrina Wulff}, year={2015}, month={Dec}, pages={791–814} }
 @article{morrill_2014, title={Active and retired public employees' health insurance: Potential data sources}, volume={38}, ISSN={["1879-1646"]}, DOI={10.1016/j.jhealeco.2014.06.011}, abstractNote={Employer-provided health insurance for public sector workers is a significant public policy issue. Underfunding and the growing costs of benefits may hinder the fiscal solvency of state and local governments. Findings from the private sector may not be applicable because many public sector workers are covered by union contracts or salary schedules and often benefit modifications require changes in legislation. Research has been limited by the difficulty in obtaining sufficiently large and representative data on public sector employees. This article highlights data sources researchers might utilize to investigate topics concerning health insurance for active and retired public sector employees.}, journal={JOURNAL OF HEALTH ECONOMICS}, author={Morrill, Melinda Sandler}, year={2014}, month={Dec}, pages={147–152} }
 @article{clark_maki_morrill_2014, title={Can Simple Informational Nudges Increase Employee Participation in a 401(k) Plan?}, volume={80}, ISSN={["2325-8012"]}, DOI={10.4284/0038-4038-2012.199}, abstractNote={We report results from a field experiment in which a randomized subset of newly hired workers at a large financial institution received a flyer containing information about the employer's 401(k) plan and the value of contributions compounding over a career. Younger workers who received the flyer were significantly more likely to begin contributing to the plan relative to their peers in the control group. Many workers do not participate in their employers' supplemental retirement savings programs, even though these programs offer substantial tax advantages and immediate returns due to matching contributions. From a survey of new hires, we find that many workers choose not to contribute to the plan because they have other financial priorities. However, some nonparticipants lack the financial literacy to appreciate the benefit. These findings indicate that simple informational interventions can nudge workers to participate in retirement saving plans and enhance individual well‐being and retirement income security.}, number={3}, journal={SOUTHERN ECONOMIC JOURNAL}, author={Clark, Robert L. and Maki, Jennifer A. and Morrill, Melinda Sandler}, year={2014}, month={Jan}, pages={677–701} }
 @article{clark_morrill_vanderweide_2014, title={Defined benefit pension plan distribution decisions by public sector employees}, volume={116}, ISSN={["0047-2727"]}, DOI={10.1016/j.jpubeco.2013.05.005}, abstractNote={Abstract Studies examining pension distribution choices have found that the tendency of private-sector workers is to select lump sum distributions instead of life annuities resulting in leakage of retirement savings. In the public sector, defined benefit pensions usually offer lump sum distributions equal to employee contributions, not the present value of the annuity. Thus, for terminating employees that are younger or have shorter tenures, the lump sum distribution amount may exceed the present value of the annuity. We discuss the factors that may influence the choice to withdraw funds or not in this environment. Using administrative data from the North Carolina state and local government retirement systems, we find that over two-thirds of public sector workers under age 50 separating prior to retirement from public plans in North Carolina left their accounts open and did not request a cash distribution from the pension system within one year of separation. Furthermore, the evidence suggests many separating workers, particularly those with short tenure, may be forgoing substantial monetary benefits due to lack of knowledge, understanding, or accessibility of benefits. We find no evidence of a bias toward cash distributions for public employees in North Carolina.}, journal={JOURNAL OF PUBLIC ECONOMICS}, author={Clark, Robert L. and Morrill, Melinda Sandler and Vanderweide, David}, year={2014}, month={Aug}, pages={73–88} }
 @article{clark_morrill_vanderweide_2014, title={The effects of retiree health insurance plan characteristics on retirees’ choice and employers’ costs}, volume={38}, ISSN={0167-6296}, url={http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jhealeco.2014.02.007}, DOI={10.1016/j.jhealeco.2014.02.007}, abstractNote={To moderate the rate of growth of retiree health insurance costs, employers can modify plans and move retirees into less expensive plans. We examine policy modifications implemented by the North Carolina State Health Plan. We investigate whether incentives produce the desired plan elections and whether these changes, along with cost shifting, produce the expected reductions in cost growth. Using individual-level administrative data, along with aggregated data on expenditures for retirees, we estimate the effects of the introduction and subsequent repeal of a Comprehensive Wellness Initiative for non-Medicare eligible retirees, as well as increases in coinsurance and copayments and the introduction of a premium for all retirees. Over a third of non-Medicare retirees shifted into the least generous plan between June 2009 and December 2012. The level effects on annual costs and unfunded accrued liabilities were relatively modest, but growth rates were diminished. Increases in the retiree premiums reduced the state's projected costs.}, journal={Journal of Health Economics}, publisher={Elsevier BV}, author={Clark, Robert L. and Morrill, Melinda Sandler and Vanderweide, David}, year={2014}, month={Dec}, pages={119–129} }
 @article{hellerstein_morrill_zou_2013, title={Business cycles and divorce: Evidence from microdata}, volume={118}, ISSN={["0165-1765"]}, DOI={10.1016/j.econlet.2012.09.014}, abstractNote={We use individual-level data to show that divorce is pro-cyclical on average, a finding robust to the inclusion of a wide range of controls. Pro-cyclical divorce is concentrated among women who married young and/or do not have a college degree.}, number={1}, journal={ECONOMICS LETTERS}, author={Hellerstein, Judith K. and Morrill, Melinda Sandler and Zou, Ben}, year={2013}, month={Jan}, pages={68–70} }
 @article{morrill_morrill_2013, title={Intergenerational links in female labor force participation}, volume={20}, ISSN={["1879-1034"]}, DOI={10.1016/j.labeco.2012.10.002}, abstractNote={Fernandez, Fogli, and Olivetti (2004) introduce an innovative model of how the experiences of one generation of women affect the behavior of the next generation of women via their sons/husbands. Empirically they find that a woman is more likely to work if her mother-in-law worked than if her own mother worked. We confirm this intriguing result but demonstrate that there is also a link between the labor force participation choices of mothers and daughters. Further, in an alternative theoretical model we show that the relationship between the labor force participation of mothers-in-law and daughters-in-law may be due instead to a woman's own preferences formed before selecting a spouse. Interestingly, the model demonstrates that the correlation in labor force status may be stronger for a mother-in-law/daughter-in-law pair than a mother/daughter pair, even if the preference formation channel is solely from mothers to daughters.}, journal={LABOUR ECONOMICS}, author={Morrill, Melinda Sandler and Morrill, Thayer}, year={2013}, month={Jan}, pages={38–47} }
 @article{clark_morrill_allen_2012, title={Effectiveness of Employer-Provided Financial Information: Hiring to Retiring}, volume={102}, ISSN={["0002-8282"]}, url={http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?eid=2-s2.0-84863198523&partnerID=MN8TOARS}, DOI={10.1257/aer.102.3.314}, abstractNote={ Workers plan and save for retirement throughout their careers. Individuals must navigate complex financial instruments and understand public and employer-provided retirement plan characteristics. Beginning when a worker is first hired, most employers provide the option to contribute to retirement saving plans. As workers near retirement, they face many choices that have considerable consequences for their retirement income security. At these two important periods, employers can provide timely information assisting workers in making choices that optimize lifetime wellbeing. Our research, conducted in cooperation with several large employers, illustrates the importance of employer-provided education in increasing worker understanding of several retirement-related issues. }, number={3}, journal={AMERICAN ECONOMIC REVIEW}, author={Clark, Robert L. and Morrill, Melinda Sandler and Allen, Steven G.}, year={2012}, month={May}, pages={314–318} }
 @article{clark_morrill_allen_2012, title={THE ROLE OF FINANCIAL LITERACY IN DETERMINING RETIREMENT PLANS}, volume={50}, ISSN={["1465-7295"]}, url={http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?eid=2-s2.0-84867229400&partnerID=MN8TOARS}, DOI={10.1111/j.1465-7295.2011.00390.x}, abstractNote={Workers nearing retirement face many important, and often irreversible, choices. We collected detailed demographic and financial literacy data on over 1,500 workers nearing retirement at three large companies to assess how individuals are planning for retirement. Many respondents display limited knowledge and understanding of public and company‐provided retirement benefits. Controlling for basic demographics and wealth, we find that misconceptions about eligibility ages and plan generosity influence workers' expected age of retirement. Although retirement‐related decisions will affect workers' well‐being for the remainder of their lifetimes, many do not possess enough basic financial knowledge to confidently make optimal choices. (JEL J26, J320, J240)}, number={4}, journal={ECONOMIC INQUIRY}, author={Clark, Robert L. and Morrill, Melinda Sandler and Allen, Steven G.}, year={2012}, month={Oct}, pages={851–866} }
 @article{hellerstein_morrill_2011, title={Booms, busts, and divorce}, volume={11}, DOI={10.2202/1935-1682.2914}, abstractNote={Abstract}, number={1}, journal={B.E. Journal of Economic Analysis & Policy}, author={Hellerstein, J. K. and Morrill, Melinda}, year={2011} }
 @article{hellerstein_morrill_2011, title={Dads and daughters the changing impact of fathers on women's occupational choices}, volume={46}, DOI={10.3368/jhr.46.2.333}, abstractNote={We examine whether women’s rising labor force participation led to increased intergenerational transmission of occupation from fathers to daughters. We develop a model where fathers invest in human capital that is specific to their own occupations. Our model generates an empirical test where we compare the trends in the probabilities that women work in their father’s versus their father-in-law’s occupation. Using data from birth cohorts born between 1909 and 1977, our results indicate that the estimated difference in these trends accounts for at least 13–20 percent of the total increase in the probability that a woman enters her father’s occupation.}, number={2}, journal={Journal of Human Resources}, author={Hellerstein, J. K. and Morrill, Melinda}, year={2011}, pages={333–372} }
 @inbook{clark_morrill_allen_2011, title={Pension Plan Distributions: The Importance of Financial Literacy}, ISBN={9780199696819}, url={http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/acprof:oso/9780199696819.003.0003}, DOI={10.1093/acprof:oso/9780199696819.003.0003}, abstractNote={Abstract This chapter examines workers' plans to take lump sum distributions versus life annuities from employer retirement plans. The analysis is based on before and after surveys of retirement eligible workers who attended employer-provided retirement planning seminars. We consider workers' planned distributional choices from both defined benefit and 401(k) plans. A minority of respondents plan to take the non-default options, highlighting the importance of framing. Additionally, higher financial literacy is associated with lower rates of annuitization in both plans. We explore how participants change their planned distribution choices after attending seminars that enhance financial knowledge and understanding of retirement plans.}, booktitle={Financial Literacy: Implications for Retirement Security and the Financial Marketplace}, publisher={Oxford University Press}, author={Clark, Robert L. and Morrill, Melinda S. and Allen, Steven G.}, year={2011}, month={Oct}, pages={40–58} }
 @article{morrill_2011, title={The effects of maternal employment on the health of school-age children}, volume={30}, ISSN={["0167-6296"]}, DOI={10.1016/j.jhealeco.2011.01.001}, abstractNote={The effects of maternal employment on children's health are theoretically ambiguous and challenging to identify. There are trade-offs between income and time, and a mother's decision to work reflects, in part, her children's health and her underlying preferences. I utilize exogenous variation in each child's youngest sibling's eligibility for kindergarten as an instrument. Using the restricted-access National Health Interview Survey (1985–2004), I identify the effects on overnight hospitalizations, asthma episodes, and injuries/poisonings for children ages 7–17. Maternal employment increases the probability of each adverse health event by nearly 200 percent. These effects are robust and do not reflect a non-representative local effect.}, number={2}, journal={JOURNAL OF HEALTH ECONOMICS}, author={Morrill, Melinda Sandler}, year={2011}, month={Mar}, pages={240–257} }
 @article{clark_morrill_2011, title={The funding status of retiree health plans in the public sector}, volume={10}, ISSN={["1475-3022"]}, DOI={10.1017/s1474747211000059}, abstractNote={Abstract}, number={2}, journal={JOURNAL OF PENSION ECONOMICS & FINANCE}, author={Clark, Robert L. and Morrill, Melinda Sandler}, year={2011}, month={Apr}, pages={291–314} }
 @inbook{clark_morrill_allen_2010, title={Employer‐Provided Retirement Planning Programs}, ISBN={9780199592609}, url={http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/acprof:oso/9780199592609.003.0003}, DOI={10.1093/acprof:oso/9780199592609.003.0003}, abstractNote={As older workers approach the end of their working career, they face a series of important decisions that will determine their economic wellbeing during their remaining lifetime. They must decide when to retire, when to start Social Security and company pensions, whether to annuitize 401(k) balances and/or take lump sums from defined benefit plans. Lack of knowledge or insufficient financial literacy may lead to decisions that eventually will be regretted. This paper examines employer provided financial education and pre-retirement planning programs and assesses their effectiveness in increasing knowledge and altering retirement behavior. This research is funded by a grant from the FINRA Investor Education Foundation and has been conducted in close collaboration with the employer partners who sponsor the pre-retirement benefit programs examined in this research.}, booktitle={Reorienting Retirement Risk Management}, publisher={Oxford University Press}, author={Clark, Robert L. and Morrill, Melinda S. and Allen, Steven G.}, year={2010}, month={Aug}, pages={36–63} }
 @article{evans_morrill_parente_2010, title={Measuring inappropriate medical diagnosis and treatment in survey data: The case of ADHD among school-age children}, volume={29}, ISSN={["1879-1646"]}, DOI={10.1016/j.jhealeco.2010.07.005}, abstractNote={We exploit the discontinuity in age when children start kindergarten generated by state eligibility laws to examine whether relative age is a significant determinant of ADHD diagnosis and treatment. Using a regression discontinuity model and exact dates of birth, we find that children born just after the cutoff, who are relatively old-for-grade, have a significantly lower incidence of ADHD diagnosis and treatment compared with similar children born just before the cutoff date, who are relatively young-for-grade. Since ADHD is an underlying neurological problem where incidence rates should not change dramatically from one birth date to the next, these results suggest that age relative to peers in class, and the resulting differences in behavior, directly affects a child's probability of being diagnosed with and treated for ADHD.}, number={5}, journal={JOURNAL OF HEALTH ECONOMICS}, author={Evans, William N. and Morrill, Melinda S. and Parente, Stephen T.}, year={2010}, month={Sep}, pages={657–673} }
 @misc{clark_morrill_2010, title={Retiree Health Plans in the Public Sector}, ISBN={9781849808132}, url={http://dx.doi.org/10.4337/9781849808132}, DOI={10.4337/9781849808132}, abstractNote={While retiree health plans are a dying benefit in the private sector, all US states and many local governments extend health insurance coverage to their retired employees. This book is the first to thoroughly examine public sector health insurance plans. Retiree Health Plans in the Public Sector provides a detailed description of the current plans offered and compares how they vary across states.}, publisher={Edward Elgar Publishing}, author={Clark, Robert and Morrill, Melinda}, year={2010} }