@article{niedziela_depa_nelson_willits_peet_dickey_mingis_2018, title={Effects of Carbon Dioxide and Photosynthetic Photon Flux on Mineral Content in Chrysanthemum Allowing for Growth as a Covariate}, volume={53}, ISSN={["2327-9834"]}, DOI={10.21273/hortsci12425-17}, abstractNote={The effect of CO2 concentration (330 and 675 μL·L−1) and photosynthetic photon flux (PPF) (mean daily peaks of 550–1400 μmol·m−2·s−1) on total mineral contents in shoots was studied in chrysanthemum [Dendranthema ×grandiflorum (Ramat) Kitam ‘Fiesta’] during three times of the year. Growth (as measured by shoot dry weight) and shoot mineral contents (weight of nutrient per shoot) of hydroponically grown plants were analyzed after 5 weeks. There was a positive synergistic interaction of CO2 concentration and PPF on growth with the greatest growth at high PPF (1400 μmol·m−2·s−1) with high CO2 (675 μL·L−1). When growth was not used as a covariate in the statistical model, both CO2 concentration and PPF significantly affected the content of all eight nutrients. However, after growth was included as a covariate in the model, nutrients were classified into three categories based on whether CO2 concentration and PPF level were needed in addition to growth to predict shoot nutrient content. Neither CO2 concentration nor PPF level was needed for Mg, Fe, and Mn contents, whereas PPF level was needed for N, P, K, and Ca contents, and both CO2 concentration and PPF level were required for B content.}, number={1}, journal={HORTSCIENCE}, author={Niedziela, Carl E., Jr. and Depa, Mary A. and Nelson, Paul V. and Willits, Daniel H. and Peet, Mary M. and Dickey, David A. and Mingis, Nancy C.}, year={2018}, month={Jan}, pages={73–77} }
 @article{nelson_niedziela_pitchay_mingis_2010, title={EFFECTIVENESS, AMMONIUM IMPACT AND POTASSIUM ADEQUACY OF SOYBEAN-BASE LIQUID FERTILIZER ON BEDDING PLANTS}, volume={33}, ISSN={["0190-4167"]}, DOI={10.1080/01904160903575949}, abstractNote={A greenhouse study was conducted to compare the effectiveness of a soybean-base liquid fertilizer [Daniels Plant Food; 10 nitrogen (N):1.8 phosphorus (P): 2.5 potassium (K)] to two inorganic, greenhouse-type formulations containing 25 and 75% of nitrogen in the ammoniacal form on four bedding plant species (pansy, petunia, salvia, and vinca). Flowering was unaffected, foliage was deeper green, and substrate electrical conductivity was lower when fertilized with the soybean-base fertilizer. Plants were desirably more compact (lighter with less leaf area) when fertilized with the soybean-base and 75% ammoniacal fertilizer. While ammonium toxicity did not develop in any treatments at the standard lime rate, it occurred at low lime in all species with 75% ammoniacal and only lightly in pansy with soybean-base fertilizer, in spite of its 81% reduced nitrogen. Soybean fertilizer caused less acidification than 75% ammoniacal fertilizer. The potassium content of the soybean-base fertilizer was adequate to meet the requirements of the four species tested.}, number={5}, journal={JOURNAL OF PLANT NUTRITION}, author={Nelson, Paul V. and Niedziela, Carl E., Jr. and Pitchay, Dharmalingam S. and Mingis, Nancy C.}, year={2010}, pages={724–735} }
 @article{nelson_pitchay_niedziela_mingis_2010, title={EFFICACY OF SOYBEAN-BASE LIQUID FERTILIZER FOR GREENHOUSE CROPS}, volume={33}, ISSN={["1532-4087"]}, DOI={10.1080/01904160903470406}, abstractNote={A soybean-base liquid fertilizer [Daniels Plant Food, Sherman TX, USA; 10 nitrogen (N):1.8 phophorus (P):2.5 potassium (K)] for petunia was compared for efficacy to two formulations of 20N:4.4P:16.6K with 40 and 70% of the nitrogen in the reduced form. Petunias treated with the soybean-base fertilizer were taller, flowered in 4.5% less time, had the highest plant rating for foliar color and plant form, and did not differ in plant dry weight from the control (40% reduced nitrogen). Foliar nitrogen concentration was not affected by fertilizer source. Also, cyclamen grown with the soybean-base fertilizer had similar plant and corm growth and formed 47% more flowers than the control. Foliar levels of potassium although lower were adequate in the soybean-base fertilized plants. Ammonium toxicity and potassium deficiency symptoms did not occur with either species. While the substrate pH in the high reduced nitrogen soybean-base treatment was expected to be lower, it was higher or similar to the control in each species.}, number={3}, journal={JOURNAL OF PLANT NUTRITION}, author={Nelson, Paul V. and Pitchay, Dharmalingam S. and Niedziela, Carl E., Jr. and Mingis, Nancy C.}, year={2010}, pages={351–361} }
 @article{kim_niedziela_nelson_de hertogh_swallow_mingis_2007, title={Growth and development of Lilium longiflorum 'Nellie White' during bulb production under controlled environments - I. Effects of constant, variable and greenhouse day/night temperature regimes on scale and stem bulblets}, volume={112}, ISSN={["0304-4238"]}, DOI={10.1016/j.scienta.2006.11.015}, abstractNote={One-year-old scale and stem bulblets of Lilium longiflorum Thunb. 'Nellie White' (Easter lily) were grown under constant and variable growth chamber conditions and greenhouse conditions to compare growth and development and bulb production. Eight temperatures regimes were established using the following: six growth chambers set to provide day/night temperature regimes of 30/26, 26/22, 22/18, 18/14, 14/10 and 10/6 °C; a seventh growth chamber (VAR) programmed to begin at 22/18 °C, then decline in three 4–5 week steps to 10/6 °C, and subsequently increase in three 4–5 week steps to 22/18 °C to simulate seasonal field temperatures in the coastal bulb production area of northern California and southern Oregon; and a double layer polyethylene greenhouse (GH) set to begin cooling at 22 °C and heating at 18 °C. Ten percent of the scale bulblets and 35% of the stem bulblets failed to develop shoots ("no-shows"). "No-shows" increased with increasing temperature with a significant number starting at 18/14 °C. The moderately high GH temperature also induced "no-shows". Maximum basal bulb (the main planted bulb) weight occurred at 26/22 °C for both bulblet types. Scale bulblets not only produced heavier basal bulbs with a larger circumference than stem bulblets, but also produced heavier stem bulbs. Stem bulb formation and production was maximized in the range of 18/14–26/22 °C and in the GH for scale bulblets. Stem bulb production from stem bulblets did not differ from zero. Scale bulblets produced more basal and stem roots than the stem bulblets at the end of the early growth period, but there was no significant difference at the end of the study. Root fresh weight was greatest in the range of 14/10–18/14 °C and declined at higher or lower temperatures. The VAR and GH treatments had similar root weights to those at 18/14 °C. Shoot length was maximized at 22/18 °C for stem bulblets and in the GH and at 22/18 °C for scale bulblets. Stem plus leaf (shoot) fresh weight was not statistically different between bulblet types with the exception of an increased weight for stem bulblets grown at 22/18 °C. Scale bulblets in the GH had greater stem plus leaf weights than scale bulblets in the other temperature regimes. Shoot leaf number was highest in stem bulblets at 22/18 °C and in the GH. In these two temperature treatments, more leaves were produced by stem bulblets than scale bulblets. In all other treatments, there was no significant difference in leaf number. Bulblet type had no effect on number of flowers produced. Flower number was maximum in the range 10/6–22/18 °C, decreased at 26/22 °C and in the GH, and was absent at 30/26 °C. For bulb production, reduced flowering is desired since flowers are generally removed during the outdoor bulb production period. Meristem abortion, which also causes a desirable reduction in flowers, was greater in scale bulblets. It occurred at 26/22 °C and was greater at 30/26 °C. Scale bulbs produced the largest main bulbs, with a maximum yield at 26/22 °C.}, number={1}, journal={SCIENTIA HORTICULTURAE}, author={Kim, S. H. and Niedziela, C. E., Jr. and Nelson, P. V. and De Hertogh, A. A. and Swallow, W. H. and Mingis, N. C.}, year={2007}, month={Mar}, pages={89–94} }
 @article{kim_niedziela_nelson_de hertogh_swallow_mingis_2007, title={Growth and development of Lilium longiflorum 'Nellie White' during bulb production under controlled environments - II. Effects of shifting day/night temperature regimes on scale bulblets}, volume={112}, ISSN={["0304-4238"]}, DOI={10.1016/j.scienta.2006.11.012}, abstractNote={One-year old scale bulblets of Lilium longiflorum Thunb. 'Nellie White' (Easter lily) were grown for 107 days during growth period 1 (GP-1) in six growth chambers under constant day/night temperature regimes of 30/26, 26/22, 22/18, 18/14, 14/10 and 10/6 °C. Subsequently, half of the plants in each temperature regime were transferred to 18/14 °C and the other half continued at the six constant temperature regimes. Both groups of plants were grown for an additional 89 days in growth period 2 (GP-2). Continuous temperatures of 26/22, 26/22–22/18 and 26/22–18/14 °C produced the greatest increase in basal bulb fresh weight (the main planted bulb), basal bulb circumference and stem bulb fresh weight, respectively. However, shifting these optimal temperatures to 18/14 °C during GP-2 resulted in a lower increase in basal bulb fresh weight and circumference. The optimum range for stem bulb production was expanded to 30/26–14/10 °C by shifting to 18/14 °C. The greatest increase for basal root growth occurred at 14/10–10/6 °C and for stem root growth at 14/10 °C. The temperature shift did not affect either root type. Maximum increase for stem length was at 26/22 and 22/18 °C and for stem plus leaf weight at 14/10 °C under constant temperature regimes. Transferring the plants from 10/6 to 18/14 °C resulted in the greatest increase in stem length and from 10/6 and 14/10 to 18/14 °C in the greatest increase in stem plus leaf weight. The greatest increase in the number of leaves occurred at 26/22 and 10/6 °C, but this growth parameter was unaffected by shifting to 18/14 °C, indicating that leaf number was determined in GP-1. Bulbils developed only when bulbs at high GP-1 temperature regimes (30/26 and 26/22 °C) were transferred to 18/14 °C during GP-2. Lower temperatures tended to favor an increase in flower bud production under continuous temperature regimes, while shifting to 18/14 °C increased flower bud production after initially high and low temperatures. Meristem abortion was greatest at 30/26 °C followed by 26/22 °C, but was not affected by temperature shifts in GP- 2. Thus, it is concluded that the abortion was induced or initiated during GP-1.}, number={1}, journal={SCIENTIA HORTICULTURAE}, author={Kim, S. H. and Niedziela, C. E., Jr. and Nelson, P. V. and De Hertogh, A. A. and Swallow, W. H. and Mingis, N. C.}, year={2007}, month={Mar}, pages={95–98} }
 @article{nelson_kowalczyk_niedziela_mingis_swallow_2003, title={Effects of relative humidity, calcium supply, and forcing season on tulip calcium status during hydroponic forcing}, volume={98}, ISSN={["1879-1018"]}, DOI={10.1016/S0304-4238(03)00034-7}, abstractNote={Abstract The tulip ( Tulipa gesneriana L.) cultivars ‘Abra’, ‘Christmas Marvel’, ‘Golden Melody’, and ‘Jingle Bell’ were forced hydroponically during two early forcing periods (FPs) and ‘Golden Melody’ and ‘Oscar’ during two late FP. Treatments were factorial combinations of two relative humidity (RH) levels (42 and 82%) and five Ca(NO 3 ) 2 levels (0, 2.5, 5, 10, and 20 mM). The study was conducted in growth chambers at a constant 19 °C and a 14 h daylength in which 70 μmol s −1  m −2 PPF was provided by cool white florescent lamps. Calcium uptake and accumulation were less at 82% RH as compared to 42% RH; however, the incidence of Ca deficiency symptoms did not increase at the higher RH. A 2.5 mM Ca(NO 3 ) 2 solution prevented Ca deficiency symptoms in all cultivars except ‘Abra’ during all FP. Plants in FP4 (26 March–18April) weighed less and accumulated less Ca than the same cultivars in the earlier FP. Calcium uptake and transpiration were lower in distilled water and 20 mM Ca(NO 3 ) 2 than other Ca(NO 3 ) 2 treatments after day 22 in FP1 (22 December–26 January). Total Ca content was lower in the flowers of ‘Golden Melody’ tulips forced in distilled water than the Ca(NO 3 ) 2 treatments. Calcium dry weight (DW) concentration and total Ca content in the flowers of ‘Golden Melody’ tulips forced at 42% RH were higher than at 82% RH. Total Ca content in the flowers of ‘Golden Melody’ tulips decreased from FP3 to FP4.}, number={4}, journal={SCIENTIA HORTICULTURAE}, author={Nelson, PV and Kowalczyk, W and Niedziela, CE and Mingis, NC and Swallow, WH}, year={2003}, month={Sep}, pages={409–422} }
 @article{huang_nelson_bailey_fonteno_mingis_2002, title={Assessment of the need for nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium, and sulfur preplant nutrients for plug seedling growth}, volume={37}, number={3}, journal={HortScience}, author={Huang, J. S. and Nelson, P. V. and Bailey, D. A. and Fonteno, W. C. and Mingis, N. C.}, year={2002}, pages={529–533} }