@inbook{rahman_mazumder_ferdousi_shahid_hoque_2023, title={Application of Biochemical in Textile}, url={http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-99-2142-3_11}, DOI={10.1007/978-981-99-2142-3_11}, abstractNote={Humans have basic needs for textiles and clothing. To satisfy human needs in varied contexts, a number of textile and garment companies have been formed. Huge work opportunities have been generated and they have also put the environment in danger by producing dangerous garbage. Chemicals and water are extensively used in the textile industry, particularly in the dyeing, printing, and finishing processes. These substances are regarded as harmful and cancerous. These substances damage the biological system by entering the environment through wastewater. Using biochemical engineering or live organisms to treat hazardous waste and stop environmental harm is a smart choice. The key advantages of using live creatures, such as enzymes, are that they can be used in benign environments with neutral or low acidity and medium or low temperatures. Additionally, the biological process’ effluents do not degrade in the environment. This chapter focuses on the history, classification, makeup, and methods of usage of several enzymes in the chemical synthesis of materials for clothing. This chapter also covers the effect of biological processes on the environment.}, booktitle={Advanced Technology in Textiles}, publisher={Springer Nature Singapore}, author={Rahman, Md. Mostafizur and Mazumder, Nur-Us-Shafa and Ferdousi, Umme Salma and Shahid, Md. Abdus and Hoque, Mohammad Bellal}, year={2023}, month={Jun}, pages={301–321} }
 @misc{mazumder_hossain_jahura_girase_hall_lu_ormond_2023, title={Firefighters' exposure to per-and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) as an occupational hazard: A review}, volume={10}, ISSN={["2296-8016"]}, DOI={10.3389/fmats.2023.1143411}, abstractNote={The term “firefighter” and “cancer” have become so intertwined in the past decade that they are now nearly inseparable. Occupational exposure of firefighters to carcinogenic chemicals may increase their risk of developing different types of cancer. PFAS are one of the major classes of carcinogenic chemicals that firefighters are exposed to as occupational hazard. Elevated levels of PFAS have been observed in firefighters’ blood serum in recent studies. Possible sources of occupational exposure to PFAS include turnout gear, aqueous film-forming foam, and air and dust at both the fire scene and fire station. Preliminary discussion on PFAS includes definition, classification, and chemical structure. The review is then followed by identifying the sources of PFAS that firefighters may encounter as an occupational hazard. The structural properties of the PFAS used in identified sources, their degradation, and exposure pathways are reviewed. The elevated level of PFAS in the blood serum and how this might associate with an increased risk of cancer is discussed. Our review shows a significant amount of PFAS on turnout gear and their migration to untreated layers, and how turnout gear itself might be a potential source of PFAS exposure. PFAS from aqueous film-forming foams (AFFF), air, and dust of fire stations have been already established as potential exposure sources. Studies on firefighters’ cancer suggest that firefighters have a higher cancer risk compared to the general population. This review suggests that increased exposure to PFAS as an occupational hazard could be a potential cancer risk for firefighters.}, journal={FRONTIERS IN MATERIALS}, publisher={Frontiers Media SA}, author={Mazumder, Nur-Us-Shafa and Hossain, Md Tanjim and Jahura, Fatema Tuj and Girase, Arjunsing and Hall, Andrew Stephen and Lu, Jingtian and Ormond, R. Bryan}, year={2023}, month={Mar} }
 @article{mazumder_lu_hall_kasebi_girase_masoud_stull_ormond_2023, title={Toward the future of firefighter gear: Assessing fluorinated and non-fluorinated outer shells following simulated on-the-job exposures}, volume={53}, ISSN={["1530-8057"]}, url={https://doi.org/10.1177/15280837231217401}, DOI={10.1177/15280837231217401}, abstractNote={In 2022, the occupation of firefighting was categorized as a “Group 1” carcinogen, meaning it is known to be carcinogenic to humans. The personal protective equipment that structural firefighters wear is designed to safeguard them from thermal, physical, and chemical hazards while maintaining thermo-physiological comfort. Typically, the outer layer of structural turnout gear is finished with a durable water and oil-repellent (DWR) based on per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) that helps limit exposure to water and hazardous liquids. The PFAS-based aqueous emulsion typically used in DWR finishes is highly persistent and can cause various health problems if absorbed into the body through ingestion, inhalation, and/or dermal absorption. In response, the U.S. Fire Service has begun using non-PFAS water repellants in firefighter turnout gear. This study aims to evaluate the performance of both traditional PFAS-based and alternative non-PFAS outer shell materials. The study involved exposing both PFAS-based and non-PFAS DWR outer shell materials in turnout composites to simulated job exposures (i.e., weathering, thermal exposure, and laundering) that artificially aged the materials. After exposures, samples were evaluated for repellency, durability, thermal protection, and surface chemistry analysis to determine any potential performance trade-offs that may exist. Non-PFAS outer shell fabrics were found not to be diesel/oil-repellent, posing a potential flammability hazard if exposed to diesel and subsequent flame on an emergency response. Both PFAS-based and non-PFAS sets of fabrics performed similarly in terms of thermal protective performance, tearing strength, and water repellency. The surface analysis suggests that both PFAS and non-PFAS chemistries can degrade and shed from fabrics during the aging process. The study indicates that firefighters should be educated and trained regarding the potential performance trade-offs, such as oil absorption and flammability concerns when transitioning to non-PFAS outer shell materials.}, journal={JOURNAL OF INDUSTRIAL TEXTILES}, author={Mazumder, Nur-Us-Shafa and Lu, Jingtian and Hall, Andrew Stephen and Kasebi, Arash and Girase, Arjunsing and Masoud, Farzaneh and Stull, Jeffrey O. and Ormond, R. Bryan}, year={2023}, month={Nov} }
 @misc{mazumder_mizan_iqbal_2022, title={Advances and applications of biofiber-based polymer composites}, url={http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/b978-0-12-824543-9.00007-4}, DOI={10.1016/b978-0-12-824543-9.00007-4}, abstractNote={Biofiber (BF)-based polymer composites have huge impact globally due to sustainability along with renewability effect. Over the past few decades, BFs such as bamboo, kenaf, cotton, jute, and so on have been well investigated with a several composite approach. Numerous research works have been done on the potentiality of BF-based reinforced composites. Besides, several critical advanced applications are also explored using these composites. Thus the demand for such composites is growing faster. This review targets to sum up the recent advances and applications of BF-based polymer composites, which is crucial for researchers and manufacturing engineers as well as to continue the use of green composites in the future.}, journal={Advances in Bio-Based Fiber}, publisher={Elsevier}, author={Mazumder, Nur-Us-Shafa and Mizan, Rashed Al and Iqbal, Mohammad Irfan}, year={2022}, pages={213–235} }
 @article{mandal_chowdhury_mazumder_agnew_boorady_2022, title={Characterization of Sweat Drying Performance of Single Layered Thermal Protective Fabrics Used in High-Risk Sector Workers' Clothing}, volume={14}, ISSN={["2073-4360"]}, url={https://doi.org/10.3390/polym14245393}, DOI={10.3390/polym14245393}, abstractNote={Absorption and transportation of moisture from sweat are the crucial properties of the fabrics used in performance clothing. Sweat moisture is a significant factor that may cause discomfort to the wearer. The majority of the injuries and fatalities that happen to the high-risk sector workers in their line of duty may be caused by inadequate comfort provided by the protective uniform. The purpose of this study is to scientifically investigate the sweat drying performance of the different protective fabrics used in high-risk sectors’ workers’ clothing. Firstly, this study experimentally analyzed the sweat drying of protective fabrics with different attributes under various ambient environments and wearers’ internal physiology. Secondly, this study explained the phenomena of sweat drying in protective fabric through the theory of heat and mass transfer. Sweat drying performance of the fabrics used in functional clothing mainly depends on the evaporative resistance regardless of the presence of water and oil repellent coating on the fabric surface. The drying performance increases with the increased wetted area and increased air flow. The wetted area depends on the absorption and wicking properties of the fabrics. The findings of this research will advance the field by developing knowledge on sweat drying performance of fabrics used in protective clothing; in turn, this could provide better comfort and safety to high-risk sectors’ workers.}, number={24}, journal={POLYMERS}, author={Mandal, Sumit and Chowdhury, Ishmam Zahin and Mazumder, Nur-Us-Shafa and Agnew, Robert J. and Boorady, Lynn M.}, year={2022}, month={Dec} }
 @article{mazumder_mandal_agnew_petrova_boorady_song_2022, title={Characterizing the Tensile Strength of the Fabrics Used in Firefighters’ Bunker Gear under Radiant Heat Exposure}, volume={14}, ISSN={2073-4360}, url={http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/polym14020296}, DOI={10.3390/polym14020296}, abstractNote={More than 60,000 firefighters’ injuries were reported by the National Fire Protection Association in the U.S. in 2019. Inadequate protection by bunker gear could be a reason for most of the injuries. Firefighters repeatedly encounter thermal hazards due to their job responsibilities. Degradation could occur on bunker gear fabric during thermal exposure. It has been found that the presence of moisture affects performance as well, which may come from wearers’ sweat. Proper evaluation of the tensile strength of the fabrics used in bunker gear could provide information essential for maintenance the overall integrity of the gear. An evaluation of the tensile strength of fabrics when exposed to 10, 15, and 20 kW/m2 radiant heat flux in the presence of moisture is reported. In each fabric system, a total of sixty-four different samples were prepared for four different types of fabric and four levels of moisture which were exposed to three different radiant heat flux for five minutes. Heat flux and moisture levels have significant impact on tensile strength. The effect of moisture on tensile strength in a three-layered fabric system is higher than that for a single layer fabric. An understanding of the impact of heat and moisture on fabric strength has been achieved.}, number={2}, journal={Polymers}, publisher={MDPI AG}, author={Mazumder, Nur-Us-Shafa and Mandal, Sumit and Agnew, Robert J. and Petrova, Adriana and Boorady, Lynn M. and Song, Guowen}, year={2022}, month={Jan}, pages={296} }
 @article{mandal_mazumder_agnew_song_li_2021, title={Characterization and Modeling of Thermal Protective and Thermo-Physiological Comfort Performance of Polymeric Textile Materials—A Review}, volume={14}, url={https://doi.org/10.3390/ma14092397}, DOI={10.3390/ma14092397}, abstractNote={In 2017, more than 60,000 firefighters and oilfield-workers injuries and fatalities occurred while they were working under various thermal hazards such as flame, radiant heat, steam, etc., or due to their significant heat stress related discomfort. The majority of these burn injuries and fatalities results from an inadequate protection and comfort provided by firefighters’ and oilfield-workers’ fire protective polymeric textile materials used in their workwear. Hence, both the thermal protective and thermo-physiological comfort performance of fabrics used in workwear significantly contribute to limit firefighters’ and oilfield-workers’ skin burns and heat stress. Considering this, previous studies have focused on characterizing and developing empirical models to predict the protective and comfort performance based on physical properties of the fabrics. However, there are still some technical knowledge gaps in the existing literature related to this. This paper critically reviewed the literature on characterization and modeling of thermal protective and thermo-physiological comfort performance of fire protective textile fabric materials. The key issues in this field have been indicated in order to provide direction for the future research and advance this scientific field for better protection and comfort of the firefighters and oilfield-workers.}, number={9}, journal={Materials}, publisher={MDPI AG}, author={Mandal, Sumit and Mazumder, Nur-Us-Shafa and Agnew, Robert J. and Song, Guowen and Li, Rui}, year={2021}, month={May}, pages={2397} }
 @inbook{hoque_mazumder_islam_2021, title={Enzymatic Wet Processing}, url={http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/9781119818915.ch4}, DOI={10.1002/9781119818915.ch4}, abstractNote={Conventional textile wet processing is characterized by a high concentration of chemicals and very high temperatures, which can have considerable negative effects on the environment and energy consumption. Enzymes are one of the paramount interests in textile wet processing towards sustainable development and low energy consumption. Enzymes have been successfully used in many textile processes such as desizing, bio scouring, biopolishing, and bio stoning. Different studies also describe how enzymes could be used for the decolorization of dyes from textile effluents. There is evidence of improved dyeability of different fibers like cellulose and nylon when treated with enzymes before dyeing. In this chapter, the history, definition, functions, and different types of enzymes will be discussed. Enzymes used in different textile processes such as pretreatment, washing, and fishing will be described briefly. This chapter will also give insight into the enzymes used for the decolorization of dyes from the effluent, and for increasing the dyeability of cotton and nylon fibers.}, booktitle={Sustainable Practices in the Textile Industry}, publisher={Wiley}, author={Hoque, Mohammad Toufiqul and Mazumder, Nur-Us-Shafa and Islam, Mohammad Tajul}, year={2021}, month={Aug}, pages={87–110} }
 @inbook{mazumder_islam_2021, title={Flame Retardant Finish for Textile Fibers}, url={https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/abs/10.1002/9781119710288.ch13}, DOI={https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/abs/10.1002/9781119710288.ch13}, abstractNote={Both commercially and domestically textiles are used commonly, and they are widely used in the interior of both housing and industrial facilities. The fibers used for making these textiles come from naturally occurring polymers such ascellulose, protein, keratin, etc., or from synthetic polymers- polyamide, polyester, polyacrylonitrile, cellulose acetate, etc. All these fibers are highly flammable and combustible, and pose serious fire hazard in case of fire accident. Statistics says that over 70% of fire deaths in dwelling are caused by textiles. In many cases, to prevent fire and save lives it is needed to give fireproof properties to textiles. Therefore, flame retardant finish is one of the important finishes among the various available functional finishings of textiles. This chapter will discuss the history and importance of flame retardant finish, types of available flame retardant finish. The factors affecting the flammability and the standard test method for testing flame retardancy of textiles also will be discussed. This chapter will also give an insight into the advancement of flame retardant synthetic fibers and environment issues related to flame retardant agents.}, booktitle={Innovative and Emerging Technologies for Textile Dyeing and Finishing}, author={Mazumder, N.U.S. and Islam, M.T.}, year={2021}, month={Jan}, pages={373–405} }
 @article{mandal_mazumder_agnew_grover_song_li_2021, title={Using Artificial Neural Network Modeling to Analyze the Thermal Protective and Thermo-Physiological Comfort Performance of Textile Fabrics Used in Oilfield Workers’ Clothing}, volume={18}, ISSN={1660-4601}, url={http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph18136991}, DOI={10.3390/ijerph18136991}, abstractNote={Most of the fatalities and injuries of oilfield workers result from inadequate protection and comfort by their clothing under various work hazards and ambient environments. Both the thermal protective performance and thermo-physiological comfort performance of textile fabrics used in clothing significantly contribute to the mitigation of workers’ skin burns and heat-stress-related deaths. This study aimed to apply the ANN modeling approach to analyze clothing performance considering the wearers’ sweat moisture and the microclimate air gap that is generated in between their body and clothing. Firstly, thermal protective and thermo-physiological comfort performance of fire protective textiles used in oilfield workers’ clothing were characterized. Different fabric properties (e.g., thickness, weight, fabric count), thermal protective performance, and thermo-physiological comfort performance were measured. The key fabric property that affects thermal protective and thermo-physiological performance was identified as thickness by statistical analysis. The ANN modeling approach could be successfully implemented to analyze the performance of fabrics in order to predict the performance more conveniently based on the fabric properties. It is expected that the developed models could inform on-duty oilfield workers about protective and thermo-physiological comfort performance and provide them with occupational health and safety.}, number={13}, journal={International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health}, publisher={MDPI AG}, author={Mandal, Sumit and Mazumder, Nur-Us-Shafa and Agnew, Robert J. and Grover, Indu Bala and Song, Guowen and Li, Rui}, year={2021}, month={Jun}, pages={6991} }
 @article{islam_mazumder_asaduzzaman_2020, title={Optimization of vat dyeing with an orange peel extract reducing agent using response surface methodology}, volume={7}, url={http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?eid=2-s2.0-85081644857&partnerID=MN8TOARS}, DOI={10.14504/ajr.7.1.1}, abstractNote={Sodium dithionite is the most commonly-used reducing agent for vat dyeing of cotton fabric. This research focuses on the use of orange peel extract (OPE) as a new reducing agent for vat dyeing cotton fabric to avoid the toxic chemicals released from sodium dithionite. The dyeing experiments
 were carried out in a batch system to optimize alkali concentration, OPE concentration, and vatting temperature via response surface methodology (RSM). The optimal color yield was achieved at 11.97 g/L of OPE, 1.18 g/L of alkali, and 44 °C vatting temperature. Fabric dyed under optimized
 dyeing condition using OPE was compared with a standard conventionally dyed fabric using sodium dithionite as the reducing agent. A uniformly dyed fabric with comparable color yield was obtained. Fastness properties were not affected by the use of OPE.}, number={1}, journal={AATCC Journal of Research}, author={Islam, M.T. and Mazumder, N.-U.-S. and Asaduzzaman, S.}, year={2020}, pages={1–9} }
 @inbook{islam_rahman_mazumder_2020, title={Polymers for textile production}, url={http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?eid=2-s2.0-85102225062&partnerID=MN8TOARS}, DOI={10.1002/9781119620396.ch2}, abstractNote={For the obvious reason of human needs, the textile sector has become the second-largest manufacturing industries just after the agricultural sector. One of the important and major areas of applications of polymers is the textile sector, more specifically in fiber production. Polymers are essential chemicals for the production of textile. Polymers are used in every step of textile manufacturing from fiber manufacturing to textile coloration and finishing. This chapter will discuss the source, chemical structure and properties, manufacturing process, and characterization of natural polymers such as cellulose, keratin, and fibroin as well as synthetic polymers such as polyethylene, polypropylene, polystyrene, polyesters, polyamides, polyurethanes, polytetrafluoroethylene, polyvinyl chloride, and polyvinyl alcohol. This chapter will also give an insight into the basics of polymer, classification of polymer, and polymerization process.}, booktitle={Frontiers of Textile Materials: Polymers, Nanomaterials, Enzymes, and Advanced Modification Techniques}, author={Islam, M.T. and Rahman, M. and Mazumder, N.-U.-S.}, year={2020}, pages={13–59} }