@article{bogomoletc_lee_2021, title={Frozen Meat Against COVID-19 Misinformation: An Analysis of Steak-Umm and Positive Expectancy Violations}, volume={35}, ISSN={["1552-4574"]}, DOI={10.1177/1050651920959187}, abstractNote={ COVID-19 has forced many businesses to adjust their communication strategies to fit a new reality. One surprising example of this strategy adjustment came from the company Steak-umm, maker of frozen sliced beef. Instead of finding new ways to promote its products, the company shifted its focus to the public’s urgent needs, breaking down possible approaches to navigating information flow during the pandemic. This resulted in overwhelming praise on social and news media, including almost 60,000 new Twitter followers within a week. Drawing on expectancy violation theory, this case study examines Steak-umm’s strategy, the content of social media responses, and why the approach was successful. }, number={1}, journal={JOURNAL OF BUSINESS AND TECHNICAL COMMUNICATION}, author={Bogomoletc, Ekaterina and Lee, Nicole M.}, year={2021}, month={Jan}, pages={118–125} }
 @article{besley_lee_pressgrove_2021, title={Reassessing the Variables Used to Measure Public Perceptions of Scientists}, volume={43}, ISSN={["1552-8545"]}, DOI={10.1177/1075547020949547}, abstractNote={ Both academics and science communication practitioners have long been interested in the public’s perceptions of scientists, impacts of those perceptions, and how communication tactics can affect them. Despite this interest, perceptual variables (e.g., trustworthiness, credibility, and fairness) are inconsistently conceptualized and operationalized within the literature. Through an examination of existing scales and a national survey ( N = 605), this study suggests that communication researchers and practitioners should consider focusing on four distinct dimensions of trust. We label these competence, integrity, benevolence, and openness. }, number={1}, journal={SCIENCE COMMUNICATION}, author={Besley, John C. and Lee, Nicole M. and Pressgrove, Geah}, year={2021}, month={Feb}, pages={3–32} }
 @article{lee_vandyke_cummins_2018, title={A Missed Opportunity?: NOAA's Use of Social Media to Communicate Climate Science}, volume={12}, ISSN={["1752-4040"]}, DOI={10.1080/17524032.2016.1269825}, abstractNote={ABSTRACT In the current media landscape, organizations often communicate about science directly with publics through online channels rather than relying on journalist gatekeepers. Online platforms present organizations with the opportunity to participate in two-way communication in order to increase engagement with science. The present study examined how the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA) utilizes social media to interact with publics. Results suggest that NOAA does not fully utilize the dialogic potential of social media, which could enhance both the public’s science literacy and trust in science regarding climate change specifically. This study informs how public relations theory may complement science communication theory and practice as deficit model-thinking transitions to contemporary approaches for public engagement with science.}, number={2}, journal={ENVIRONMENTAL COMMUNICATION-A JOURNAL OF NATURE AND CULTURE}, author={Lee, Nicole M. and VanDyke, Matthew S. and Cummins, R. Glenn}, year={2018}, pages={274–283} }
 @article{lee_vandyke_cummins_2018, title={A Reply to Lindsey, Herring, and Greenhalgh on "A Missed Opportunity?: NOAA's Use of Social Media to Communicate Climate Science"}, volume={12}, ISSN={["1752-4040"]}, DOI={10.1080/17524032.2017.1415422}, abstractNote={A Reply to Lindsey, Herring, and Greenhalgh on “A Missed Opportunity?: NOAA’s Use of Social Media to Communicate Climate Science” Nicole M. Lee, Matthew S. VanDyke b and R. Glenn Cummins c Department of Communication, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC, USA; Department of Communication, Appalachian State University, Boone, NC, USA; College of Media and Communication, Texas Tech University, Lubbock, TX, USA}, number={2}, journal={ENVIRONMENTAL COMMUNICATION-A JOURNAL OF NATURE AND CULTURE}, author={Lee, Nicole M. and VanDyke, Matthew S. and Cummins, R. Glenn}, year={2018}, pages={287–288} }
 @article{lee_2018, title={Fake news, phishing, and fraud: a call for research on digital media literacy education beyond the classroom}, volume={67}, ISSN={0363-4523 1479-5795}, url={http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/03634523.2018.1503313}, DOI={10.1080/03634523.2018.1503313}, abstractNote={ABSTRACT The Internet poses a variety of risks at both the individual and societal levels including scams and the spread of misinformation. Older adults are especially vulnerable to many of these risks. This paper argues that one important strategy for combating such threats is through digital media literacy education. Although a good deal of research on digital media literacy for children exists, very little research exists on effective digital media literacy instructional interventions for adult populations. Specific directions for future research are offered.}, number={4}, journal={Communication Education}, publisher={Informa UK Limited}, author={Lee, Nicole M.}, year={2018}, month={Aug}, pages={460–466} }
 @article{lee_merle_2018, title={Media relations and universities: an assessment of digital newsrooms}, volume={28}, ISSN={["1540-7144"]}, DOI={10.1080/08841241.2018.1467991}, abstractNote={ABSTRACT Reviews of editorial practices and academic studies have shown that journalists often rely on organization websites—and online newsrooms in particular—to inform news stories. Yet, at a time when many academics are called upon as experts by the media, university newsrooms have been ignored. To fill this gap, this study assesses newsrooms of universities to determine whether they are providing adequate resources to cover the institution or identify experts. Previous research demonstrated higher ranked Fortune 500 companies have more comprehensive newsrooms, potentially putting them at an advantage when it comes to news coverage. To better understand whether disparities exist among the top US institutions, this study features a content analysis of the newsrooms of the top 202 universities ranked by U.S. News & World Report. Findings show that although higher ranked universities typically feature more comprehensive newsrooms, universities at all levels are missing opportunities to provide journalists with information necessary to cover the university, thus limiting visibility to outside stakeholders. The most common features were internally written news stories and links to social media. Resources specifically for journalists were less common. Assessing newsrooms is valuable because they influence media coverage, which can improve credibility and perceived external prestige.}, number={2}, journal={JOURNAL OF MARKETING FOR HIGHER EDUCATION}, author={Lee, Nicole M. and Merle, Patrick F.}, year={2018}, pages={232–246} }
 @article{seltzer_lee_2018, title={The influence of distal antecedents on organization-public relationships}, volume={30}, ISSN={["1532-754X"]}, DOI={10.1080/1062726X.2018.1542598}, abstractNote={ABSTRACT This study proposed a conceptual model of organization-public relationships (OPRs) that draws distinctions between the distal (enduring individual, organizational, and environmental factors) and proximal (situational individual and organizational behaviors and interactions) antecedents that precede and influence OPR perceptions. Using an online survey of 514 adults residing in the United States, this study identified which relational antecedents motivated individuals to enter OPRs across different types of organizations. Additionally, the study examined the relative influence of motives, perceived issue congruence, and perceived value congruence on individuals’ perceptions of OPRs. Findings suggest social/cultural expectations and risk reduction are the most common motives for entering OPRs; however, perceived issue and value congruence with the organization are more influential than other antecedents in shaping cognitions regarding OPRs.}, number={5-6}, journal={JOURNAL OF PUBLIC RELATIONS RESEARCH}, author={Seltzer, Trent and Lee, Nicole}, year={2018}, month={Nov}, pages={230–250} }
 @article{lee_sha_dozier_sargent_2015, title={The role of new public relations practitioners as social media experts}, volume={41}, ISSN={0363-8111}, url={http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/J.PUBREV.2015.05.002}, DOI={10.1016/J.PUBREV.2015.05.002}, abstractNote={Social media is a prevalent part of public relations practice. Research and observation suggest young practitioners are often the ones performing social media tasks. Guided by literature on public relations roles and Millennials, this qualitative study explored whether new professionals are in fact relegated to being social media practitioners. Analysis of 20 in-depth interviews with young professionals revealed several factors, including agency billing rates and mentorship, that impact the tasks new professionals are assigned.}, number={3}, journal={Public Relations Review}, publisher={Elsevier BV}, author={Lee, Nicole and Sha, Bey-Ling and Dozier, David and Sargent, Paul}, year={2015}, month={Sep}, pages={411–413} }