@article{xia_stinner_tryon_tutini_2005, title={International pesticide use information system for exporting vegetables and fruit}, volume={51}, ISSN={["0967-0874"]}, DOI={10.1080/09670870500396417}, abstractNote={Abstract An online information system was developed to allow US growers to search pesticide application information for export of vegetables and fruits. By entering an export country, a crop name, pesticide type, and post harvest interval, a user can obtain a list of pesticides labeled for the crop, the pesticides suitable for use with export, and the associated pesticide application restriction (PAR) information for each pesticide in the recommended list. A relational database (Microsoft SQL Server 2000) was used to house the PAR data, pesticide labels, and pesticide maximum residue limit information (MRL). These data were obtained from governmental agencies and international organizations. The data were then entered into the system using an online data entry system developed using ColdFusion programming language. The database currently contains the registration information for over 1,100 pesticides, 20,000 MRL data entries, and 20,000 PAR entries. New data are updated frequently. The project web site is http://cipm.ncsu.edu/exportMRL.}, number={4}, journal={INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF PEST MANAGEMENT}, author={Xia, YL and Stinner, RE and Tryon, E and Tutini, P}, year={2005}, pages={225–230} }
 @article{borchert_stinner_walgenbach_kennedy_2004, title={Oriental fruit moth (Lepidoptera: Tortricidae) phenology and management with methoxyfenozide in North Carolina apples}, volume={97}, DOI={10.1093/jee/97.4.1353}, abstractNote={The phenology of oriental fruit moth, Grapholita molesta (Busck), on apple (Malus spp.) in North Carolina was studied using pheromone traps and egg sampling in abandoned and commercial orchards in 2000 and 2001, with subsequent development of an oviposition degree-day model and management studies in relation to codling moth, Cydia pomonella (L.), phenology. Oriental fruit moth eggs were found in greater numbers on leaves early and on fruit later in the growing season, on the top versus the bottom of the leaf surface, and on the calyx area versus the side or stem end of the fruit. A degree-day (DD) model to predict oriental fruit moth oviposition was developed based on temperature accumulations from peak moth trap capture of the first (overwintering) generation, by using 7.2 and 32.2 degrees C as the temperature limits. The model predicted four ovipositing generations of oriental fruit moth with the second beginning 507 DD after peak moth catch. Using predictions of the oriental fruit moth and codling moth degree-day oviposition models, an experiment was conducted to determine the level of second generation oriental fruit moth control with methoxyfenozide applied under different scenarios for first generation codling moth. Methoxyfenozide was equally effective in managing codling moth and oriental fruit moth for all treatment timings.}, number={4}, journal={Journal of Economic Entomology}, author={Borchert, D. M. and Stinner, R. E. and Walgenbach, J. F. and Kennedy, George}, year={2004}, pages={1353–1364} }
 @article{xia_stinner_brinkman_bennett_2003, title={Agricultural chemicals use data access using COLDFUSION markup language and a relational database}, volume={38}, ISSN={["0168-1699"]}, DOI={10.1016/S0168-1699(03)00003-6}, abstractNote={A relational database was developed for the agricultural chemical use data collected by the US Department of Agriculture, National Agricultural Statistics Service since 1990. coldfusion Markup Language was used for the client-side interface and server side process programming. The database is accessible from the Web at URL: http://www.pestmanagement.info/nass. Users can obtain information about agricultural chemical use in the database by search of crop, year, region, and active ingredient. Various agricultural chemical usage statistics are provided as Web tables, dynamically generated US maps, charts and graphs, and downloadable Excel files. We used a centralized software architecture in this project, which is suitable for projects with moderate programming complexity. A distributed approach might be more appropriate for the more complex projects. The current database information, spanning 1990–2001, will be augmented in the future, possibly using an automated updating scheme.}, number={3}, journal={COMPUTERS AND ELECTRONICS IN AGRICULTURE}, author={Xia, YL and Stinner, RE and Brinkman, D and Bennett, N}, year={2003}, month={Mar}, pages={217–225} }
 @article{xia_stinner_chu_2002, title={Database integration with the Web for biologists to share data and information}, volume={5}, number={2}, journal={Electronic Journal of Biotechnology}, author={Xia, Y. and Stinner, R. E. and Chu, P. C.}, year={2002}, pages={154–161} }
 @article{stinner_van duyn_o'leary_1997, title={The cotton pickin' web: a new information source for cotton producers}, volume={1}, number={1997}, journal={Beltwide Cotton Conferences. Proceedings}, author={Stinner, R. E. and Van Duyn, J. and O'Leary, P.}, year={1997}, pages={72} }
 @article{stinner_bacheler_1993, title={The myth of random movement: Old concepts with a new twist}, volume={10}, number={4}, journal={Journal of Agricultural Entomology}, author={Stinner, R. E. and Bacheler, J. E.}, year={1993}, pages={247} }
 @article{wilhoit_stinner_axtell_1991, title={CARMOD - A SIMULATION-MODEL FOR CARCINOPS-PUMILIO (COLEOPTERA, HISTERIDAE) POPULATION-DYNAMICS AND PREDATION ON IMMATURE STAGES OF HOUSE-FLIES (DIPTERA, MUSCIDAE)}, volume={20}, ISSN={["0046-225X"]}, DOI={10.1093/ee/20.4.1079}, abstractNote={The development, population dynamics, and predation on the eggs and first instars of the house fly, Musca domestica L., by the manure-inhabiting beetle Carcinops pumilio (Erichson) were simulated in a computer model. Model features include: nonlinear development of beetles and flies, fecundity as a function of beetle density, and predation rate as a function of beetle and fly density. All these processes depend on temperature, which can be set to a constant value or read from a file of variable temperatures. The model includes a management component that incorporates the effects on house fly and beetle populations of various insecticide and manure-removal strategies for fly control. Examples of the results of simulating various management regimes are presented.}, number={4}, journal={ENVIRONMENTAL ENTOMOLOGY}, author={WILHOIT, LR and STINNER, RE and AXTELL, RC}, year={1991}, month={Aug}, pages={1079–1088} }
 @book{wilhoit_stinner_axtell_1991, title={Computer simulation model of house fly management in confined-animal production systems}, volume={296}, institution={North Carolina Agricultural Research Service}, author={Wilhoit, L. R. and Stinner, R. E. and Axtell, R. C.}, year={1991}, pages={1–81} }
 @book{wilhoit_stinner_axtell_1991, title={Computer simulation model of house fly management in confined-animal production systems (Technical bulletin (North Carolina Agricultural Research Service); no. 2960}, publisher={Raleigh: North Carolina Agricultural Research Service, North Carolina State University}, author={Wilhoit, L. R. and Stinner, R. E. and Axtell, R. C.}, year={1991} }
 @article{wilhoit_axtell_stinner_1991, title={ESTIMATING MANURE TEMPERATURES FROM AIR TEMPERATURES AND RESULTS OF ITS USE IN MODELS OF FILTH FLY (DIPTERA, MUSCIDAE) DEVELOPMENT}, volume={20}, ISSN={["1938-2936"]}, DOI={10.1093/ee/20.2.635}, abstractNote={Populations of the house fly, Musca domestica L., and other filth flies and their natural enemies in confined-animal houses are greatly influenced by the temperature of their manure habitat. In order to use filth fly management simulation models that are driven by habitat temperatures, a mathematical relationship between manure temperature and air temperature, time of day, and manure depth was developed based on simultaneous hourly measurements of air and manure temperatures at depths of 1, 7, and 15 cm in three poultry housing environments over a three year period. Manure moisture had no measurable effect on manure temperature. A simulation model predicting population sizes of the house fly and a predaceous mite was driven using temperatures from the equation, and actual air and manure temperature recordings. Predicted population sizes using the estimated manure temperatures were closer to the sizes using actual manure temperatures than the sizes using air temperatures.}, number={2}, journal={ENVIRONMENTAL ENTOMOLOGY}, author={WILHOIT, LR and AXTELL, RC and STINNER, RE}, year={1991}, month={Apr}, pages={635–643} }
 @article{wilhoit_stinner_axtell_bacheler_mann_1991, title={PARMOD - A SIMULATION-MODEL FOR THE POPULATION-DYNAMICS OF MUSCIDIFURAX SPP AND SPALANGIA SPP (HYMENOPTERA, PTEROMALIDAE), PARASITES OF HOUSE-FLY PUPAE (DIPTERA, MUSCIDAE)}, volume={20}, ISSN={["0046-225X"]}, DOI={10.1093/ee/20.5.1418}, abstractNote={The population dynamics of four parasites of house fly, Musca domestica L., pupae, Spalangia endius Walker, S. cameroni Perkins, Muscidifurax raptor Girault & Sanders, and M. zaraptor Kogan & Legner, and their host were simulated in a computer model written in the C language. The model incorporates nonlinear temperature-dependent development, effects of host–parasite ratio on host mortality and parasitism, competition between adult parasites, and options for various insecticide, manure removal, and parasite release strategies for fly control. Examples of the results of simulating parasite releases and pesticide applications are presented.}, number={5}, journal={ENVIRONMENTAL ENTOMOLOGY}, author={WILHOIT, LR and STINNER, RE and AXTELL, RC and BACHELER, JE and MANN, JA}, year={1991}, month={Oct}, pages={1418–1426} }
 @article{fletcher_axtell_stinner_wilhoit_1991, title={TEMPERATURE-DEPENDENT DEVELOPMENT OF IMMATURE CARCINOPS-PUMILIO (COLEOPTERA, HISTERIDAE), A PREDATOR OF MUSCA-DOMESTICA (DIPTERA, MUSCIDAE)}, volume={26}, ISSN={["0749-8004"]}, DOI={10.18474/0749-8004-26.1.99}, abstractNote={The development rates of the immature stages of Carcinops pumilio (Erichson), a predator on eggs and first instar larvae of the house fly, Musca domestica L. were determined at six constant temperatures: 17.5, 19.5, 25.5, 30.0, 32.5 and 35.0°C. At the six temperatures, respectively, the median development times (days) were for eggs: 25.5, 14.3, 7.4, 3.8, 3.5 and 3.5; for larvae 37.7, 20.9, 9.4, 6.0, 6.0 and 6.0; and for pupae 42.8, 33.6, 17.0, 9.7, 7.4 and 8.3. Maximum development rates for all stages were at 32.5°C. The percentage of survival at the six temperatures, respectively, for larvae were 66, 92, 98, 100, 93 and 93, and for pupae were 56, 86, 90, 100, 93 and 78. The parameters for the Sharpe and DeMichele (1977) temperature-dependent development model and the Stinner et al. (1975) distribution of development model were estimated from the constant temperature data and validated under a variable temperature cycle.}, number={1}, journal={JOURNAL OF ENTOMOLOGICAL SCIENCE}, author={FLETCHER, MG and AXTELL, RC and STINNER, RE and WILHOIT, LR}, year={1991}, month={Jan}, pages={99–108} }
 @article{patel_rueda_axtell_stinner_1991, title={TEMPERATURE-DEPENDENT DEVELOPMENT OF THE FUNGAL PATHOGEN LAGENIDIUM-GIGANTEUM (OOMYCETES, LAGENIDIALES) IN LARVAE OF CULEX-QUINQUEFASCIATUS (DIPTERA, CULICIDAE)}, volume={28}, ISSN={["0022-2585"]}, DOI={10.1093/jmedent/28.1.95}, abstractNote={The rates of development of Lagenidium giganteum were determined in the four larval instars of Culex quinquefasciatus Say held at 15, 20, 25, 27, 30, and 34 degrees C. The fastest development was in second instars held at 34 degrees; vesicles and oospores occurred in 50% of the larvae (the median development time) 19.7 and 25.0 h, respectively, after infection. The greatest median time to the formation of vesicles was in third instars at 15 degrees C (185.6 h) and for oospores was in second instars at 15 degrees C (152.3 h). The fungus did not form oospores in fourth instars at 15 degrees C. The median developmental rates of vesicles and oospores in each instar were fit to the Sharpe & DeMichele model, which may be used to predict the effects of different temperatures on the in-vivo developmental rate of the fungus.}, number={1}, journal={JOURNAL OF MEDICAL ENTOMOLOGY}, author={PATEL, KJ and RUEDA, LM and AXTELL, RC and STINNER, RE}, year={1991}, month={Jan}, pages={95–100} }
 @inbook{axtell_stinner_1990, title={Computer simulation modeling of fly management}, ISBN={0813378508}, booktitle={Biocontrol of arthropods affecting livestock and poultry}, publisher={Boulder, CO: Westview Press}, author={Axtell, R. C. and Stinner, R. E.}, editor={Rutz, D. A. and Patterson, R. S.Editors}, year={1990}, pages={265–291} }
 @article{fletcher_axtell_stinner_1990, title={Longevity and fecundity of Musca domestica (Diptera: Muscidae) as a function of temperature}, volume={27}, DOI={10.1093/jmedent/27.5.922}, abstractNote={Longevity and fecundity of adult house flies were determined at constant temperatures of 20, 25, 30, and 35 degrees C. At the four temperatures, respectively, the median mortality rates (1/days to 50% mortality) for females were 0.023, 0.041, 0.060, and 0.099 and for males were 0.029, 0.047, 0.066, and 0.085. The numbers of days for 50% of the eggs to be deposited for each temperature were 34.5, 21.3, 10.2 and 7.1, respectively. The total numbers of eggs deposited per female for each temperature were 184, 729, 709, and 506, respectively. Models were developed for longevity and fecundity and their distributions as functions of temperature.}, number={5}, journal={Journal of Medical Entomology}, author={Fletcher, M. G. and Axtell, R. C. and Stinner, R. E.}, year={1990}, pages={922–926} }
 @article{geden_stinner_kramer_axtell_1990, title={MACMOD: A simulation model of Macrocheles muscaedomesticae (Acarina: Macrochelidae) population dynamics and rates of predation on immature house flies (Diptera: Muscidae)}, volume={19}, journal={Environmental Entomology}, author={Geden, C. J. and Stinner, R. E. and Kramer, D. A. and Axtell, R. C.}, year={1990}, pages={578–586} }
 @article{mann_stinner_axtell_1990, title={PARASITISM OF HOUSE-FLY (MUSCA-DOMESTICA) PUPAE BY 4 SPECIES OF PTEROMALIDAE (HYMENOPTERA) - EFFECTS OF HOST PARASITOID DENSITIES AND HOST DISTRIBUTION}, volume={4}, ISSN={["0269-283X"]}, DOI={10.1111/j.1365-2915.1990.tb00433.x}, abstractNote={Abstract.  Parasitoid‐induced mortality of house fly, Musca domestica L., pupae and parasitoid progeny emergence by four species of pteromalid parasitoids, Muscidifurax raptor Girault & Sanders, M.zaraptor Kogan & Legner, Spalangia earneroni Perkins and S.endius Walker, were determined for a 24 h exposure period using parasitoid: host ratios ranging from 1:2 to 1:50. When the number of parasitoids was held constant (n=5) and the numbers of hosts varied, and when the number of hosts was held constant (n=100) and the number of parasitoids varied, both the number of pupae killed per parasitoid and the number of parasitoid progeny per parasitoid increased with increasing parasitoid:host ratios to reach an upper limit asymptotically. Maximum values were, respectively: M.raptor (14.7, 11.1), M.zaraptor (12.3, 9.3), S.cameroni (16.9, 5.5), S.endius (14.8, 9.7) with no consistent effects attributed to parasitoid interference.}, number={3}, journal={MEDICAL AND VETERINARY ENTOMOLOGY}, author={MANN, JA and STINNER, RE and AXTELL, RC}, year={1990}, month={Jul}, pages={235–243} }
 @article{mann_axtell_stinner_1990, title={TEMPERATURE-DEPENDENT DEVELOPMENT AND PARASITISM RATES OF 4 SPECIES OF PTEROMALIDAE (HYMENOPTERA) PARASITOIDS OF HOUSE-FLY (MUSCA-DOMESTICA) PUPAE}, volume={4}, ISSN={["0269-283X"]}, DOI={10.1111/j.1365-2915.1990.tb00436.x}, abstractNote={Abstract.  Parasitoid development, parasitoid‐induced host mortality and parasitoid progeny emergence were determined at five constant temperatures for Muscidifurax raptor Girault and Sanders, Muscidifurax zaraptor Kogan and Legner, Spalangia earneroni Perkins and Spalangia endius Walker using pupae of the house fly, Musca domestica L., as hosts. At temperatures of 20, 25, 30 and 35oC the median development times (days from oviposition to adult emergence), respectively, were M.raptor (28.4, 20.7, 14.3, 14.5), M.zaraptor (30.6, 22.8, 14.1, 14.2), S.cameroni (55.6,35.2, 21.8,25.0) and S.endius (52.4, 31.5,16.3,14.6). All species failed to emerge at 15oC. Using densities of five parasitoids and 100 hosts and a 24 h exposure period, Muscidifurax species oviposited at a greater rate over a wider range of temperatures than Spalangia species. At 15, 20, 25, 30 and 35oC the mean number of pupae killed per parasitoid were, respectively, M.raptor (1.4, 7.4,10.5, 13.7,14.1), M.zaraptor (0.0, 3.3, 8.9,14.4,15.0), S.cameroni (0.0, 7.8, 11.0, 11.9, 7.4), S.endius (0.6, 4.0, 7.5, 12.0, 11.7), and means of the number of parasitoid progeny per parasitoid were, respectively, M.raptor (0.2, 5.2, 7.9, 11.8, 11.6), M.zaraptor (1.3, 4.4, 8.2, 13.0, 13.7), S.cameroni (0.0, 2.4, 4.7, 5.1, 1.0), S.endius (0.0, 0.9, 3.4, 7.5, 4.9). Development and ovipositional activity in S.cameroni was strongly inhibited at 35oC. The model by Sharpe & DeMichele (1977) was used to describe temperature‐dependent development and the number of parasitoid progeny produced per parasitoid at temperatures of 15–30oC in all species.}, number={3}, journal={MEDICAL AND VETERINARY ENTOMOLOGY}, author={MANN, JA and AXTELL, RC and STINNER, RE}, year={1990}, month={Jul}, pages={245–253} }
 @article{rueda_patel_axtell_stinner_1990, title={TEMPERATURE-DEPENDENT DEVELOPMENT AND SURVIVAL RATES OF CULEX-QUINQUEFASCIATUS AND AEDES-AEGYPTI (DIPTERA, CULICIDAE)}, volume={27}, ISSN={["1938-2928"]}, DOI={10.1093/jmedent/27.5.892}, abstractNote={Development, growth, and survival of Culex quinquefasciatus Say and Aedes aegypti (L.) were determined at six constant temperatures (15, 20, 25, 27, 30, 34 degrees C). The Sharpe & DeMichele four-parameter model with high-temperature inhibition described the temperature-dependent median developmental rates of both mosquito species. In both species, body size generally decreased as temperature increased. Head capsule widths in all instars in both species were significantly greater at 15 than at 30-34 degrees C. Except for the third instar of Ae. aegypti, the larval body lengths in both species were significantly greater at 15 than at 34 degrees C. All instars and pupae of both species and the adults in Cx. quinquefasciatus were significantly heavier at 15 than at 27-34 degrees C. In Cx. quinquefasciatus, survival from eclosion to adult emergence was highest in the range from 20 to 30 degrees C (85-90%) and dropped drastically at 15 (38%) and 34 degrees C (42%). In Ae. aegypti, survival to adult stage was high at 20 (92%) and 27 degrees C (90%) and lowest at 15 degrees C (3%).}, number={5}, journal={JOURNAL OF MEDICAL ENTOMOLOGY}, author={RUEDA, LM and PATEL, KJ and AXTELL, RC and STINNER, RE}, year={1990}, month={Sep}, pages={892–898} }
 @article{geden_stinner_axtell_1988, title={Predation by predators of the house fly in poultry manure: Effects of predator density, feeding history, interspecific interference, and field conditions}, volume={17}, journal={Environmental Entomology}, author={Geden, C. J. and Stinner, R. E. and Axtell, R. C.}, year={1988}, pages={320–329} }
 @misc{stinner_barfield_stimac_dohse_1983, title={DISPERSAL AND MOVEMENT OF INSECT PESTS}, volume={28}, ISSN={["1545-4487"]}, DOI={10.1146/annurev.en.28.010183.001535}, abstractNote={Perspectives and Overview Until recently, the study of insect dispersal and movement received little attention. Even 50 years ago, many ecologists considered studies of move­ ment to be trivial or even worthless exercises (44). Although this view is no longer held, as late as 1972, Headley (61) wrote that "agricultural pest control is still handled as though pests were immobile .... " Since the publication of Southwood's (134) review and Johnson's (68) monographic work, the study of insect movement has received increasing attention. Numerous symposia and reviews on various aspects of insect movement have been published [e.g. evolutionary considerations (6, 35, 37, 38, 48, 59, 60, 112, 134, 135); pest management implications (53, 108, 113, 151)]. Our purpose in this review is not to present an exhaustive list of references; rather, we wish to compare views and approaches based on our own, admittedly biased, selection of key references. With few exceptions, we have limited our review to those works published since Johnson (68). Our presentation is separated, for organizational clarity only, into sec­ tions dealing with evolutionary studies, experimental considerations, and modeling efforts. These three areas of interest are obviously inseparable biologically. We shall not attempt here to deal with the numerous papers}, journal={ANNUAL REVIEW OF ENTOMOLOGY}, author={STINNER, RE and BARFIELD, CS and STIMAC, JL and DOHSE, L}, year={1983}, pages={319–335} }
 @article{stinner_regniere_wilson_1982, title={DIFFERENTIAL-EFFECTS OF AGROECOSYSTEM STRUCTURE ON DYNAMICS OF 3 SOYBEAN HERBIVORES}, volume={11}, ISSN={["1938-2936"]}, DOI={10.1093/ee/11.3.538}, abstractNote={The population dynamics of three soybean herbivores, Heliothis zea (Boddie), Epilachna varivestis Mulsant, and Popillia japonica Newman, are discussed with relation to agroecosystem structure. Specific effects examined include climatic variations, spatial structure, temporal structure, cultural practices, and socio-economic changes. A discussion of the need for more comprehensive modeling efforts is also included.}, number={3}, journal={ENVIRONMENTAL ENTOMOLOGY}, author={STINNER, RE and REGNIERE, J and WILSON, K}, year={1982}, pages={538–543} }
 @article{stinner_jones_tuttle_caron_1977, title={POPULATION MORTALITY AND CYCLICITY AS AFFECTED BY INTRASPECIFIC COMPETITION}, volume={109}, ISSN={["0008-347X"]}, DOI={10.4039/Ent109879-6}, abstractNote={Abstract}, number={6}, journal={CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST}, author={STINNER, RE and JONES, JW and TUTTLE, C and CARON, RE}, year={1977}, pages={879–890} }
 @article{stinner_butler_bacheler_tuttle_1975, title={SIMULATION OF TEMPERATURE-DEPENDENT DEVELOPMENT IN POPULATION-DYNAMICS MODELS}, volume={107}, ISSN={["0008-347X"]}, DOI={10.4039/Ent1071167-11}, abstractNote={Abstract}, number={11}, journal={CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST}, author={STINNER, RE and BUTLER, GD and BACHELER, JS and TUTTLE, C}, year={1975}, pages={1167–1174} }
 @article{stinner_gutierrez_butler_1974, title={ALGORITHM FOR TEMPERATURE-DEPENDENT GROWTH-RATE SIMULATION}, volume={106}, ISSN={["1918-3240"]}, DOI={10.4039/Ent106519-5}, abstractNote={Abstract}, number={5}, journal={CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST}, author={STINNER, RE and GUTIERREZ, AP and BUTLER, GD}, year={1974}, pages={519–524} }
 @article{stinner_rabb_bradley_1974, title={POPULATION-DYNAMICS OF HELIOTHIS-ZEA (BODDIE)LEPIDOPTERA-NOCTUIDAE AND H VIRESCENS (F) LEPIDOPTERA-NOCTUIDAE IN NORTH-CAROLINA - SIMULATION-MODEL}, volume={3}, ISSN={["0046-225X"]}, DOI={10.1093/ee/3.1.163}, abstractNote={A model is described for stimulation of the population dynamics of Heliothis spp. The salient features of the model include: (1) developmental means and variances about these means nonlinearly dependent on temperature; (2) separation of the general adult pool through adult attraction to spatially and temporally variant host-plant characteristics; and (3) cannabalism as a function of larval density, age-class structure within larvae, available feeding sites, and larval spatial distribution.

Results of an initial simulation effort are also presented.}, number={1}, journal={ENVIRONMENTAL ENTOMOLOGY}, author={STINNER, RE and RABB, RL and BRADLEY, JR}, year={1974}, pages={163–168} }
 @article{stinner_ridgway_kinzer_1974, title={STORAGE, MANIPULATION OF EMERGENCE, AND ESTIMATION OF NUMBERS OF TRICHOGRAMMA-PRETIOSUM}, volume={3}, ISSN={["0046-225X"]}, DOI={10.1093/ee/3.3.505}, abstractNote={Laboratory experiments indicated that last-day pupae of the braconid parasite Trichogramma pretiosum Riley can be stored at 16.7°C from 4–10 days without detrimental effects on emergence, and up to 12 days if temperature is decreased to 15°C on the 6th day of storage. After such storage, an average of 93% of the adults emerged within 4 h at 26.7°C under a variety of light intensities.

A sampling study showed that the number of T. pretiosum adults produced on individual rearing cards could be estimated within 6% of the actual mean by selective sampling of 0.65% of the material.}, number={3}, journal={ENVIRONMENTAL ENTOMOLOGY}, author={STINNER, RE and RIDGWAY, RL and KINZER, RE}, year={1974}, pages={505–507} }