@article{wang_bai_thapaliya_2015, title={The production of renewable transportation fuel through fed-batch and continuous deoxygenation of vegetable oil derived fatty acids over Pd/C catalyst}, volume={39}, number={8}, journal={International Journal of Energy Research}, author={Wang, W. C. and Bai, C. J. and Thapaliya, N.}, year={2015}, pages={1083–1093} }
 @article{ogunkoya_roberts_fang_thapaliya_2015, title={Investigation of the effects of renewable diesel fuels on engine performance, combustion, and emissions}, volume={140}, ISSN={["1873-7153"]}, url={http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?eid=2-s2.0-84908577588&partnerID=MN8TOARS}, DOI={10.1016/j.fuel.2014.09.061}, abstractNote={A study was undertaken to investigate renewable fuels in a compression-ignition internal combustion engine. The focus of this study was the effect of newly developed renewable fuels on engine performance, combustion, and emissions. Eight fuels were investigated, and they include diesel, jet fuel, a traditional biodiesel (fatty acid methyl ester: FAME), and five next generation biofuels. These five fuels were derived using a two-step process: hydrolysis of the oil into fatty acids (if necessary) and then a thermo-catalytic process to remove the oxygen via a decarboxylation reaction. The fuels included a fed batch deoxygenation of canola derived fatty acids (DCFA), a fed batch deoxygenation of canola derived fatty acids with varying amounts of H2 used during the deoxygenation process (DCFAH), a continuous deoxygenation of canola derived fatty acids (CDCFA), fed batch deoxygenation of lauric acid (DLA), and a third reaction to isomerize the products of the deoxygenated canola derived fatty acid alkanes (IPCF). Diesel, jet fuel, and biodiesel (FAME) have been used as benchmarks for comparing with the newer renewable fuels. The results of the experiments show slightly lower mechanical efficiency but better brake specific fuel consumption for the new renewable fuels. Results from combustion show shorter ignition delays for most of the renewable (deoxygenated) fuels with the exception of fed batch deoxygenation of lauric acid. Combustion results also show lower peak in-cylinder pressures, reduced rate of increase in cylinder pressure, and lower heat release rates for the renewable fuels. Emission results show an increase in hydrocarbon emissions for renewable deoxygenated fuels, but a general decrease in all other emissions including NOx, greenhouse gases, and soot. Results also demonstrate that isomers of the alkanes resulting from the deoxygenation of the canola derived fatty acids could be a potential replacement to conventional fossil diesel and biodiesel based on the experiments in this work.}, journal={FUEL}, author={Ogunkoya, Dolanimi and Roberts, William L. and Fang, Tiegang and Thapaliya, Nirajan}, year={2015}, month={Jan}, pages={541–554} }
 @article{ford_thapaliya_kelly_roberts_lamb_2013, title={Semi-Batch Deoxygenation of Canola- and Lard-Derived Fatty Acids to Diesel-Range Hydrocarbons}, volume={27}, ISSN={["1520-5029"]}, DOI={10.1021/ef4016763}, abstractNote={Fatty acids (FAs) derived via thermal hydrolysis of food-grade lard and canola oil were deoxygenated in the liquid phase using a commercially available 5 wt % Pd/C catalyst. Online quadrupole mass spectrometry and gas chromatography were used to monitor the effluent gases from the semi-batch stirred autoclave reactors. Stearic, oleic, and palmitic acids were employed as model compounds. A catalyst lifetime exceeding 2200 turnovers for oleic acid deoxygenation was demonstrated at 300 °C and 15 atm under 10% H2. The initial decarboxylation rate of palmitic acid under 5% H2 decreases sharply with increasing initial concentration; in contrast, the initial decarbonylation rate increases linearly, indicative of first-order kinetics. Scale-up of diesel-range hydrocarbon production was investigated by increasing the reactor vessel size, initial FA concentration, and FA/catalyst mass ratio. Lower CO2 selectivity and batch productivity were observed at the larger scales (600 and 5000 mL), primarily because of the h...}, number={12}, journal={ENERGY & FUELS}, author={Ford, Jeffrey P. and Thapaliya, Nirajan and Kelly, M. Jason and Roberts, William L. and Lamb, H. Henry}, year={2013}, month={Dec}, pages={7489–7496} }
 @article{wang_thapaliya_campos_stikeleather_roberts_2012, title={Hydrocarbon fuels from vegetable oils via hydrolysis and thermo-catalytic decarboxylation}, volume={95}, ISSN={["1873-7153"]}, DOI={10.1016/j.fuel.2011.12.041}, abstractNote={Conversion of canola oil to normal alkane hydrocarbons was investigated using sequential reactions: continuous thermal hydrolysis and fed-batch thermo-catalytic decarboxylation. The free fatty acid (FFA) intermediate product from hydrolysis was quantified using GC–FID, which showed 99.7% conversion and the following components: palmitic, oleic, linoleic, linolenic, stearic, arachidic and behenic acids. The FFA was saturated then decarboxylated at an average rate of 15.5 mmoles/min using a 5% Pd/C catalyst at 300 °C. Approximately 90% decarboxylation conversion to n-alkanes was achieved within 5 h of the reaction. The resulting mixture of n-alkanes can be readily converted into renewable diesel using isomerization to improve the cold flow properties of the fuel.}, number={1}, journal={FUEL}, author={Wang, Wei-Cheng and Thapaliya, Nirajan and Campos, Andrew and Stikeleather, Larry F. and Roberts, William L.}, year={2012}, month={May}, pages={622–629} }