@article{barbercheck_neher_anas_el-allaf_weicht_2009, title={Response of soil invertebrates to disturbance across three resource regions in North Carolina}, volume={152}, ISSN={["1573-2959"]}, DOI={10.1007/s10661-008-0315-5}, abstractNote={We evaluated the potential of soil microarthropods and enchytraeid worms to be useful as bioindicators of soil condition in forest, wetland, and agricultural ecosystems over a range of ecoregions. Selected mesofauna and soil characteristics in soil and litter in relatively undisturbed and disturbed examples of each of three ecosystems within each of three land resource regions were monitored over two years. Optimal times of year to sample these organisms as indicators of disturbance were April, May, July and September. No single measure reflected disturbance across all three ecosystems. Among forest sites, Simpson's diversity index, evenness, abundance of ants, and proportion of enchytraeids in the mesofauna differed between soils of different disturbance levels. Among agricultural sites, richness, evenness, abundance of mites, and proportions of collembolans and of enchytraeids in the mesofauna differed between disturbance levels. Among wetland sites, Shannon's and Simpson's diversity indices, richness based on the total mesofauna, and abundances of mites, diplurans, ants, and isotomid and onychiurid collembolans differed between disturbance levels. Covariates most frequently associated with abundance and diversity of the measured mesofauna were soil electrical conductivity, available N, organic matter, and pH. Canonical correspondence analysis provided information somewhat different to bivariate analysis. Using both approaches to examine soil and litter taxa that have distinctive responses to disturbance may help to identify candidate groups applicable for use in large-scale environmental monitoring programs.}, number={1-4}, journal={ENVIRONMENTAL MONITORING AND ASSESSMENT}, author={Barbercheck, M. E. and Neher, D. A. and Anas, O. and El-Allaf, S. M. and Weicht, T. R.}, year={2009}, month={May}, pages={283–298} }
 @article{williamson_guzman_marin_anas_jin_sutton_2008, title={Evaluation of Pseudomonas syringae strain ESC-11 for biocontrol of crown rot and anthracnose of banana}, volume={46}, ISSN={["1090-2112"]}, DOI={10.1016/j.biocontrol.2008.05.016}, abstractNote={Pseudomonas syringae strain ESC-11 and 250 μg/ml each of thiabendazole (TBZ) and imazalil reduced crown rot of banana caused by Fusarium aff. sacchari by 30–36% and 83–86%, respectively, in laboratory experiments. Four field trials performed in Costa Rica varied in treatment combinations. In field trials 1 and 2, 125 and 250 μg/ml each of TBZ and imazalil + 0.5% or 1% alum (aluminum ammonium sulfate) and ESC-11, and 250 μg/ml each of TBZ and imazalil + 1% alum reduced rot and mold. ESC-11 alone or with 0.5% alum significantly reduced rot and mold in field trial 2. In trial 3, 50 and 100 μg/ml of TBZ alone and with ESC-11 reduced mold. In trial 4, 125 μg/ml each of TBZ and imazalil and ESC-11, and 300 μg/ml each of TBZ and imazalil reduced rot, and 50 and 125 μg/ml each of TBZ and imazalil and ESC-11, and 300 μg/ml each of TBZ and imazalil reduced mold. In three field trials, there was no significant difference among treatments for latex staining. In field trial 2 only, combinations of TBZ, imazalil, and alum with or without ESC-11, reduced anthracnose, caused by Colletotrichum musae. The complex of crown rot fungi, order of treatment application, effect of alum and fungicides on ESC-11, concentration of ESC-11, and level of disease may contribute to the variation in crown rot and anthracnose control by ESC-11. Though ESC-11 alone was not effective in reducing disease, further testing in combination with low rates of fungicide should be done.}, number={3}, journal={BIOLOGICAL CONTROL}, author={Williamson, S. M. and Guzman, M. and Marin, D. H. and Anas, O. and Jin, X. and Sutton, T. B.}, year={2008}, month={Sep}, pages={279–286} }
 @article{neher_wu_barbercheck_anas_2005, title={Ecosystem type affects interpretation of soil nematode community measures}, volume={30}, number={1}, journal={Applied Soil Ecology}, author={Neher, D. A. and Wu, J. and Barbercheck, M. E. and Anas, O.}, year={2005}, pages={47–64} }
 @article{neher_barbercheck_el-allaf_anas_2003, title={Effects of disturbance and ecosystem on decomposition}, volume={23}, ISSN={["1873-0272"]}, DOI={10.1016/S0929-1393(03)00043-X}, abstractNote={Decomposition of organic matter integrates collective activities of organisms within the soil food web. We compared decomposition of museum board (predominantly cellulose) and balsa wood substrates in 18 sites chosen to represent a completely nested design with two disturbance levels nested within three ecosystems (agriculture, wetland, and forest) and ecosystems nested within three land resource regions (LRR) in North Carolina. Percentage mass remaining and daily rate of mass loss of museum board and balsa wood substrates were analyzed using repeated measures analysis of covariance with soil physical and chemical properties as covariates. At the end of the two-year monitoring period, the percentage of museum board and balsa wood substrates remaining was least in agricultural and wetland and greatest in forest ecosystems. Soil pH influenced the percentage of substrate remaining based on days of incubation, and its effects were greater than electrical conductivity, percentage soil organic matter, and total available soil nitrogen (N). Percentage of substrate remaining (museum board or balsa wood) was correlated negatively with pH for all sites, suggesting that pH should be included as a covariate if measures of decomposition are used as environmental indicators. Overall, rate of decomposition of museum board substrates distinguished between relative levels of disturbance in agricultural and wetland but not forest ecosystems. The rate of balsa wood decomposition distinguished between relative levels of disturbance in wetland but not forest or agricultural sites. Forest soils had consistently lower total N and electrical conductivity, and sometimes lower pH, associated with slower decomposition than disturbed wetlands or agricultural lands. We conclude that for short-term monitoring, measures of decomposition of predominantly cellulose substrates can be used to distinguish between relative levels of disturbance in agricultural and wetland but not forest systems. Differences in decomposition may signal either a change in decomposer community or condition of biotic and abiotic resources at a site.}, number={2}, journal={APPLIED SOIL ECOLOGY}, author={Neher, DA and Barbercheck, ME and El-Allaf, SM and Anas, O}, year={2003}, month={Jun}, pages={165–179} }