@article{willett_brannock_dissen_keown_szura_brown_simonson_2023, title={NOAA Open Data Dissemination: Petabyte-scale Earth system data in the cloud}, volume={9}, ISSN={2375-2548}, url={http://dx.doi.org/10.1126/sciadv.adh0032}, DOI={10.1126/sciadv.adh0032}, abstractNote={NOAA Open Data Dissemination (NODD) makes NOAA environmental data publicly and freely available on Amazon Web Services (AWS), Microsoft Azure (Azure), and Google Cloud Platform (GCP). These data can be accessed by anyone with an internet connection and span key datasets across the Earth system including satellite imagery, radar, weather models and observations, ocean databases, and climate data records. Since its inception, NODD has grown to provide public access to more than 24 PB of NOAA data and can support billions of requests and petabytes of access daily. Stakeholders routinely access more than 5 PB of NODD data every month. NODD continues to grow to support open petabyte-scale Earth system data science in the cloud by onboarding additional NOAA data and exploring performant data formats. Here, we document how this program works with a focus on provenance, key datasets, and use. We also highlight how to access these data with the goal of accelerating use of NOAA resources in the cloud.}, number={38}, journal={Science Advances}, publisher={American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)}, author={Willett, Denis S. and Brannock, Jonathan and Dissen, Jenny and Keown, Patrick and Szura, Katelyn and Brown, Otis B. and Simonson, Adrienne}, year={2023}, month={Sep} }
 @article{willett_white_augspurger_brannock_dissen_keown_brown_simonson_2022, title={Expanding Access to Open Environmental Data: Advancements and Next Steps}, volume={103}, ISSN={0003-0007 1520-0477}, url={http://dx.doi.org/10.1175/BAMS-D-22-0158.1}, DOI={10.1175/BAMS-D-22-0158.1}, abstractNote={Denis S. Willett,a Brian White,b Tom Augspurger,c Jonathan Brannock,a Jenny Dissen,a Patrick Keown,d Otis B. Brown,a and Adrienne Simonsond a Cooperative Institute for Satellite Earth Systems Studies (CISESS), North Carolina Institute of Climate Studies, North Carolina State University, Asheville, NC, USA b Terrafuse AI (Co-founder), Department of Earth, Marine and Environmental Sciences, The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA c Planetary Computer, Microsoft, Redmond, WA, USA d NOAA Open Data Dissemination (NODD), National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, Asheville, NC, USA}, number={11}, journal={Bulletin of the American Meteorological Society}, publisher={American Meteorological Society}, author={Willett, Denis S. and White, Brian and Augspurger, Tom and Brannock, Jonathan and Dissen, Jenny and Keown, Patrick and Brown, Otis B. and Simonson, Adrienne}, year={2022}, month={Nov}, pages={E2579–E2583} }
 @misc{simonson_brown_dissen_kearns_szura_brannock_2022, title={NOAA Open Data Dissemination (Formerly NOAA Big Data Project/Program)}, ISBN={9781119467571 9781119467557}, ISSN={2328-9279}, url={http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/9781119467557.ch4}, DOI={10.1002/9781119467557.ch4}, abstractNote={The National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA) Research to Operations (R2O) experiment called the Big Data Project (BDP) was envisioned as a scalable approach for disseminating exponentially increasing NOAA observation, model, and research data sets to the public using commercial cloud services. At the start of the project, during the concept development phase, it was unclear how the specifics might work so a spiral development approach was adopted. It was expected that the number of data sets would increase, and the data extent would grow to cover complete records of some holdings, and that format experimentation would be needed to determine optimal cloud offerings. This dissemination model would require a new way for the BDP and NOAA to engage with end users, who could range from large enterprises to small businesses and individuals. The BDP was expected to change the game, not just by reaching a broad and diverse set of users but also by encouraging new ones. As Kathryn Sullivan, Ph.D, former NOAA Administrator under whom the BDP began, noted, “The agency's aim is to ‘spur innovation’ and to explore how to create a global economic return on investment” (Konkel, , paragraph 6). This chapter describes the journey of BDP as it developed, transitioned, and evolved from a research experiment experiment to an operational enterprise function for NOAA, now known as NOAA Open Data Dissemination (NODD).}, journal={Special Publications}, publisher={Wiley}, author={Simonson, Adrienne and Brown, Otis and Dissen, Jenny and Kearns, Edward J. and Szura, Kate and Brannock, Jonathan}, year={2022}, month={Sep}, pages={65–94} }
 @article{waliser_gleckler_ferraro_taylor_ames_biard_bosilovich_brown_chepfer_cinquini_et al._2020, title={Observations for Model Intercomparison Project (Obs4MIPs): status for CMIP6}, volume={13}, ISSN={1991-9603}, url={http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/gmd-13-2945-2020}, DOI={10.5194/gmd-13-2945-2020}, abstractNote={Abstract. The Observations for Model Intercomparison Project (Obs4MIPs) was initiated
in 2010 to facilitate the use of observations in climate model evaluation
and research, with a particular target being the Coupled Model
Intercomparison Project (CMIP), a major initiative of the World Climate
Research Programme (WCRP). To this end, Obs4MIPs (1) targets observed
variables that can be compared to CMIP model variables; (2) utilizes dataset
formatting specifications and metadata requirements closely aligned with
CMIP model output; (3) provides brief technical documentation for each
dataset, designed for nonexperts and tailored towards relevance for model
evaluation, including information on uncertainty, dataset merits, and
limitations; and (4) disseminates the data through the Earth System Grid
Federation (ESGF) platforms, making the observations searchable and
accessible via the same portals as the model output. Taken together, these
characteristics of the organization and structure of obs4MIPs should entice
a more diverse community of researchers to engage in the comparison of model
output with observations and to contribute to a more comprehensive
evaluation of the climate models. At present, the number of obs4MIPs datasets has grown to about 80; many
are undergoing updates, with another 20 or so in preparation, and more than 100
are proposed and under consideration. A partial list of current global
satellite-based datasets includes humidity and temperature profiles; a wide
range of cloud and aerosol observations; ocean surface wind, temperature,
height, and sea ice fraction; surface and top-of-atmosphere longwave and
shortwave radiation; and ozone (O3), methane (CH4), and carbon
dioxide (CO2) products. A partial list of proposed products expected to
be useful in analyzing CMIP6 results includes the following: alternative products for the
above quantities, additional products for ocean surface flux and
chlorophyll products, a number of vegetation products (e.g., FAPAR, LAI,
burned area fraction), ice sheet mass and height, carbon monoxide (CO), and
nitrogen dioxide (NO2). While most existing obs4MIPs datasets consist
of monthly-mean gridded data over the global domain, products with higher
time resolution (e.g., daily) and/or regional products are now receiving more
attention. Along with an increasing number of datasets, obs4MIPs has implemented a
number of capability upgrades including (1) an updated obs4MIPs data
specifications document that provides additional search facets and
generally improves congruence with CMIP6 specifications for model datasets,
(2) a set of six easily understood indicators that help guide users as to a
dataset's maturity and suitability for application, and (3) an option to
supply supplemental information about a dataset beyond what can be found in
the standard metadata. With the maturation of the obs4MIPs framework, the
dataset inclusion process, and the dataset formatting guidelines and
resources, the scope of the observations being considered is expected to
grow to include gridded in situ datasets as well as datasets with a regional
focus, and the ultimate intent is to judiciously expand this scope to any
observation dataset that has applicability for evaluation of the types of
Earth system models used in CMIP.
                    }, number={7}, journal={Geoscientific Model Development}, publisher={Copernicus GmbH}, author={Waliser, Duane and Gleckler, Peter J. and Ferraro, Robert and Taylor, Karl E. and Ames, Sasha and Biard, James and Bosilovich, Michael G. and Brown, Otis and Chepfer, Helene and Cinquini, Luca and et al.}, year={2020}, month={Jul}, pages={2945–2958} }
 @article{matthews_peng_meier_brown_2020, title={Sensitivity of Arctic Sea Ice Extent to Sea Ice Concentration Threshold Choice and Its Implication to Ice Coverage Decadal Trends and Statistical Projections}, volume={12}, ISSN={2072-4292}, url={http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/rs12050807}, DOI={10.3390/rs12050807}, abstractNote={Arctic sea ice extent has been utilized to monitor sea ice changes since the late 1970s using remotely sensed sea ice data derived from passive microwave (PM) sensors. A 15% sea ice concentration threshold value has been used traditionally when computing sea ice extent (SIE), although other threshold values have been employed. Does the rapid depletion of Arctic sea ice potentially alter the basic characteristics of Arctic ice extent? In this paper, we explore whether and how the statistical characteristics of Arctic sea ice have changed during the satellite data record period of 1979–2017 and examine the sensitivity of sea ice extents and their decadal trends to sea ice concentration threshold values. Threshold choice can affect the timing of annual SIE minimums: a threshold choice as low as 30% can change the timing to August instead of September. Threshold choice impacts the value of annual SIE minimums: in particular, changing the threshold from 15% to 35% can change the annual SIE by more than 10% in magnitude. Monthly SIE data distributions are seasonally dependent. Although little impact was seen for threshold choice on data distributions during annual minimum times (August and September), there is a strong impact in May. Threshold choices were not found to impact the choice of optimal statistical models characterizing annual minimum SIE time series. However, the first ice-free Arctic summer year (FIASY) estimates are impacted; higher threshold values produce earlier FIASY estimates and, more notably, FIASY estimates amongst all considered models are more consistent. This analysis suggests that some of the threshold choice impacts to SIE trends may actually be the result of biased data due to surface melt. Given that the rapid Arctic sea ice depletion appears to have statistically changed SIE characteristics, particularly in the summer months, a more extensive investigation to verify surface melt impacts on this data set is warranted.}, number={5}, journal={Remote Sensing}, publisher={MDPI AG}, author={Matthews, Jessica L. and Peng, Ge and Meier, Walter N. and Brown, Otis}, year={2020}, month={Mar}, pages={807} }
 @article{big data partners data broker update_2019, DOI={10.6084/m9.figshare.9693776.v1}, abstractNote={NOAA’s Big Data Project (2015 - 2019) was an experiment between the US government and five Cooperative Research and Development Agreement partners in utilization of Cloud resources for public data sets. NC State University's Cooperative Unit for Climate and Satellites - NC (CICS-NC) was the BDP Data Broker between the USG and Amazon Web Services, Google Cloud Services, IBM, Microsoft Azure and the Open Commons Consortium. In this role CICS-NC facilitated data transfers from NOAA to the Cloud partners, resolved operational problems, ensured data integrity, certified Cloud partner holdings, added new datasets, informed Cloud partners of source data irregularities including missing datasets, and, helped mesh contrasting cultures. In this presentation we review these efforts, including several different data transfer modalities utilized and present statistics on usage of Cloud partner BDP holdings. This presentation was given in July 2019 at the Earth Science Information Partners (ESIP) Summer Meeting held in Tacoma, Washington.}, journal={ESIP}, year={2019} }
 @article{codata2019beijing - a holistic framework for supporting evidence-based institutional research data management_2019, DOI={10.6084/m9.figshare.9895928.v1}, journal={figshare}, year={2019} }
 @article{codata2019beijing - a holistic framework for supporting evidence-based institutional research data management_2019, DOI={10.6084/m9.figshare.9895928}, journal={figshare}, year={2019} }
 @article{waliser_gleckler_ferraro_taylor_ames_biard_bosilovich_brown_chepfer_cinquini_et al._2019, title={Observations for Model Intercomparison Project (Obs4MIPs): Status for CMIP6}, volume={11}, url={https://doi.org/10.5194/gmd-2019-268}, DOI={10.5194/gmd-2019-268}, abstractNote={Abstract. The Observations for Model Intercomparison Projects (Obs4MIPs) was initiated in 2010 to facilitate the use of observations in climate model evaluation and research, with a particular target being the Coupled Model Intercomparison Project (CMIP), a major initiative of the World Climate Research Programme (WCRP). To this end, Obs4MIPs: 1) targets observed variables that can be compared to CMIP model variables, 2) utilizes dataset formatting specifications and metadata requirements closely aligned with CMIP model output, 3) provides brief technical documentation for each dataset, designed for non-experts and tailored towards relevance for model evaluation, including information on uncertainty, dataset merits and limitations, and 4) disseminates the data through the Earth System Grid Federation (ESGF) platforms, making the observations searchable and accessible via the same portals as the model output. Taken together, these characteristics of the organization and structure of obs4MIPs should entice a more diverse community of researchers to engage in the comparison of model output with observations and to contribute to a more comprehensive evaluation of the climate models. At present, the number of obs4MIPs datasets has grown to about 80, many undergoing updates, with another 20 or so in preparation, and more than 100 proposed and under consideration. Current global satellite-based datasets include, but are not limited to, humidity and temperature profiles; a wide range of cloud and aerosol observations; ocean surface wind, temperature, height, and sea ice fraction; surface and top of atmosphere longwave and shortwave radiation; along with ozone (O3), methane (CH4) and carbon dioxide (CO2) products. Proposed products expected for inclusion for CMIP6 analysis include, but are not limited to, alternative products for the above quantities, along with additional products for ocean surface flux and chlorophyll products, a number of vegetation products (e.g. FAPAR, LAI, burnt area fraction), ice sheet mass and height, carbon monoxide (CO) and nitrogen dioxide (NO2). While most obs4MIPs datasets are delivered as monthly and global, greater emphasis is being places on products with higher time resolution (e.g. daily) and/or regional products. Along with an increasing number of datasets, obs4MIPs has implemented a number of capability upgrades including: 1) an updated obs4MIPs data specifications document that provides for additional search facets and generally improves congruence with CMIP6 specifications for model datasets, 2) a set of six easily understood indicators that help guide users as to a dataset’s maturity and suitability for application, and 3) an option to supply supplemental information about a dataset beyond what can be found in the standard metadata. With the maturation of the obs4MIPs framework, the dataset inclusion process, and the dataset formatting guidelines and resources, the scope of the observations being considered is expected to grow to include gridded in-situ datasets as well as datasets with a regional focus, and the ultimate intent is to judiciously expand this scope to any observation dataset that has applicability for evaluation of the types of Earth System models used in CMIP.}, publisher={Copernicus GmbH}, author={Waliser, Duane and Gleckler, Peter J. and Ferraro, Robert and Taylor, Karl E. and Ames, Sasha and Biard, James and Bosilovich, Michael G. and Brown, Otis and Chepfer, Helene and Cinquini, Luca and et al.}, year={2019}, month={Nov} }
 @article{understanding the various perspectives of earth science observational data uncertainty_2019, DOI={10.6084/m9.figshare.10271450}, journal={ESIP}, year={2019} }
 @book{moroni_ramapriyan_peng_hobbs_goldstein_downs_wolfe_shie_merchant_bourassa_et al._2019, title={Understanding the Various Perspectives of Earth Science Observational Data Uncertainty}, url={https://esip.figshare.com/articles/Understanding_the_Various_Perspectives_of_Earth_Science_Observational_Data_Uncertainty/10271450/1}, DOI={10.6084/m9.figshare.10271450.v1}, abstractNote={Information about the uncertainty associated with Earth science observational data is fundamental to use, re-use, and overall evaluation of the data being used to produce science and support decision making. The associated uncertainty information leads to a quantifiable level of confidence in both the data and the science informing decisions produced using the data. The current breadth and cross-domain depth of understanding and application of uncertainty information, however, are still evolving as the practices associated with quantifying and characterizing uncertainty across various types of Earth observation data are diverse. Since its re-establishment in 2015, the Information Quality Cluster (IQC) of the Earth Science Information Partners (ESIP) has convened numerous sessions within the auspices of ESIP and the American Geophysical Union (AGU) to help collect expert-level information focusing on key aspects of uncertainty of Earth science data and addressed key concerns such as: 1) how uncertainty is quantified (UQ) and characterized (UC), 2) understanding the strengths and limitations of common techniques used in producing and evaluating uncertainty information, 3) implications using uncertainty information as a quality indicator 4) impacts of uncertainty on data fusion/assimilation, 5) various methods for documenting and conveying the uncertainty information to data users, and 6) understanding why certain user communities care about uncertainty and others do not. A key recommendation and action item from the ESIP Summer Meeting 2017 was for the IQC to develop a white paper to establish a clearer understanding of the concept of uncertainty and its communication to data users. The information gathered for this white paper has been provided by Earth science data and informatics experts spanning diverse disciplines and observation systems in the cross-domain Earth sciences. The intention of this white paper is to provide a diversely sampled exposition of both prolific and unique policies and practices, applicable in an international context of diverse policies and working groups, made toward quantifying, characterizing, communicating and making use of uncertainty information throughout the diverse, cross-disciplinary Earth science data landscape.}, journal={ESIP}, institution={ESIP}, author={Moroni, David F. and Ramapriyan, Hampapuram and Peng, Ge and Hobbs, Jonathan and Goldstein, Justin and Downs, Robert and Wolfe, Robert and Shie, Chung-Lin and Merchant, Christopher J and Bourassa, Mark and et al.}, year={2019} }
 @article{peng_privette_tilmes_bristol_maycock_bates_hausman_brown_kearns_2018, title={A Conceptual Enterprise Framework for Managing Scientific Data
                    Stewardship}, volume={17}, ISSN={1683-1470}, url={http://dx.doi.org/10.5334/dsj-2018-015}, DOI={10.5334/dsj-2018-015}, abstractNote={Scientific data stewardship is an important part of long-term preservation and the use/reuse of digital research data. It is critical for ensuring trustworthiness of data, products, and services, which is important for decision-making. Recent U.S. federal government directives and scientific organization guidelines have levied specific requirements, increasing the need for a more formal approach to ensuring that stewardship activities support compliance verification and reporting. However, many science data centers lack an integrated, systematic, and holistic framework to support such efforts. The current business- and process-oriented stewardship frameworks are too costly and lengthy for most data centers to implement. They often do not explicitly address the federal stewardship requirements and/or the uniqueness of geospatial data. This work proposes a data-centric conceptual enterprise framework for managing stewardship activities, based on the philosophy behind the Plan-Do-Check-Act (PDCA) cycle, a proven industrial concept. This framework, which includes the application of maturity assessment models, allows for quantitative evaluation of how organizations manage their stewardship activities and supports informed decision-making for continual improvement towards full compliance with federal, agency, and user requirements.}, number={0}, journal={Data Science Journal}, publisher={Ubiquity Press, Ltd.}, author={Peng, Ge and Privette, Jeffrey L. and Tilmes, Curt and Bristol, Sky and Maycock, Tom and Bates, John J. and Hausman, Scott and Brown, Otis and Kearns, Edward J.}, year={2018}, pages={15} }
 @article{ansari_del greco_kearns_brown_wilkins_ramamurthy_weber_may_sundwall_layton_et al._2018, title={Unlocking the Potential of NEXRAD Data through NOAA’s Big Data Partnership}, volume={99}, ISSN={0003-0007 1520-0477}, url={http://dx.doi.org/10.1175/bams-d-16-0021.1}, DOI={10.1175/bams-d-16-0021.1}, abstractNote={Abstract The National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration’s (NOAA) Big Data Partnership (BDP) was established in April 2015 through cooperative research agreements between NOAA and selected commercial and academic partners. The BDP is investigating how the value inherent in NOAA’s data may be leveraged to broaden their utilization through modern cloud infrastructures and advanced “big data” techniques. NOAA’s Next Generation Weather Radar (NEXRAD) data were identified as an ideal candidate for such collaborative efforts. NEXRAD Level II data are valuable yet challenging to utilize in their entirety, and recent advances in weather radar science can be applied to both the archived and real-time data streams. NOAA’s National Centers for Environmental Information (NCEI) transferred the complete NEXRAD Level II historical archive, originating in 1991, through North Carolina State University’s Cooperative Institute for Climate and Satellites (CICS-NC) to interested BDP collaborators. Amazon Web Services (AWS) has received and made freely available the complete archived Level II data through its AWS platform. AWS then partnered with Unidata/University Corporation for Atmospheric Research (UCAR) to establish a real-time NEXRAD feed, thereby providing on-demand dissemination of both archived and current data seamlessly through the same access mechanism by October 2015. To organize, verify, and utilize the NEXRAD data on its platform, AWS further partnered with the Climate Corporation. This collective effort among federal government, private industry, and academia has already realized a number of new and novel applications that employ NOAA’s NEXRAD data, at no net cost to the U.S. taxpayer. The volume of accessed NEXRAD data, including this new AWS platform service, has increased by 130%, while the amount of data delivered by NOAA/NCEI has decreased by 50%.}, number={1}, journal={Bulletin of the American Meteorological Society}, publisher={American Meteorological Society}, author={Ansari, Steve and Del Greco, Stephen and Kearns, Edward and Brown, Otis and Wilkins, Scott and Ramamurthy, Mohan and Weber, Jeff and May, Ryan and Sundwall, Jed and Layton, Jeff and et al.}, year={2018}, month={Jan}, pages={189–204} }
 @article{kilpatrick_podestá_walsh_williams_halliwell_szczodrak_brown_minnett_evans_2015, title={A decade of sea surface temperature from MODIS}, volume={165}, ISSN={0034-4257}, url={http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.rse.2015.04.023}, DOI={10.1016/j.rse.2015.04.023}, abstractNote={The MODIS (MODerate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometers) on the Terra and Aqua satellites, both part of NASA's Earth Observing System, have each been providing high quality global sea-surface temperatures (SSTs) for over a decade. The ability to retrieve accurate SST from satellites is dependent on many factors including spectral response, radiometer noise, pre-launch instrument characterization and in flight behavior, calibration, viewing geometry, cloud screening and correction of the clear-sky atmospheric effects. We present a characterization of both the historical and current MODIS SST products, and we describe the evolution of, and motivation for, improvements in MODIS SST for each Collection released to the public, i.e., each radiance level mission data reprocessing, each driven by improved knowledge of the instrument behavior and better corrections for instrumental artifacts.}, journal={Remote Sensing of Environment}, publisher={Elsevier BV}, author={Kilpatrick, K.A. and Podestá, G. and Walsh, S. and Williams, E. and Halliwell, V. and Szczodrak, M. and Brown, O.B. and Minnett, P.J. and Evans, R.}, year={2015}, month={Aug}, pages={27–41} }
 @inproceedings{dissen_brown_houston_2014, title={Climate data to decisions}, url={http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?eid=2-s2.0-84919703316&partnerID=MN8TOARS}, booktitle={Air and Waste Management Association - Climate Change Conference 2013: Impacts, Policy and Regulation}, author={Dissen, J. and Brown, O. and Houston, T.}, year={2014}, pages={50–58} }
 @inproceedings{trenberth_anthes_belward_brown_habermann_karl_running_ryan_tanner_wielicki_2013, title={Challenges of a Sustained Climate Observing System}, ISBN={9789400766914 9789400766921}, url={http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-007-6692-1_2}, DOI={10.1007/978-94-007-6692-1_2}, abstractNote={Observations of planet Earth and especially all climate system components and forcings are increasingly needed for planning and informed decision making related to climate services in the broadest sense. Although significant progress has been made, much more remains to be done before a fully functional and dependable climate observing system exists. Observations are needed on spatial scales from local to global, and all time scales, especially to understand and document changes in extreme events. Climate change caused by human activities adds a new dimension and a vital imperative: to acquire climate observations of sufficient quality and coverage, and analyze them into products for multiple purposes to inform decisions for mitigation, adaptation, assessing vulnerability and impacts, possible geo-engineering, and predicting climate variability and change and their consequences. A major challenge is to adequately deal with the continually changing observing system, especially from satellites and other remote sensing platforms such as in the ocean, in order to provide a continuous climate record. Even with new computational tools, challenges remain to provide adequate analysis, processing, meta-data, archival, access, and management of the resulting data and the data products. As volumes of data continue to grow, so do the challenges of distilling information to allow us to understand what is happening and why, and what the implications are for the future. The case is compelling that prompt coordinated international actions are essential to provide for information-based actions and decisions related to climate variability and change.}, booktitle={Climate Science for Serving Society}, publisher={Springer Netherlands}, author={Trenberth, Kevin E. and Anthes, Richard A. and Belward, Alan and Brown, Otis B. and Habermann, Ted and Karl, Thomas R. and Running, Steve and Ryan, Barbara and Tanner, Michael and Wielicki, Bruce}, year={2013}, pages={13–50} }
 @inproceedings{brown_mcguirk_miralles-wilhelm_voos_dissen_2011, title={Developing a Curriculum for a Summer School on Climate Change}, booktitle={91st Annual Meeting - American Meteorological Society}, author={Brown, O.B. and McGuirk, M. and Miralles-Wilhelm, F. and Voos, G. and Dissen, J.}, year={2011} }
 @article{beal_hummon_williams_brown_baringer_kearns_2008, title={Five years of Florida Current structure and transport from the Royal Caribbean Cruise ShipExplorer of the Seas}, volume={113}, ISSN={0148-0227}, url={http://dx.doi.org/10.1029/2007JC004154}, DOI={10.1029/2007JC004154}, abstractNote={Using ship‐of‐opportunity platform Explorer of the Seas, five years of full‐depth velocity data have been collected across the Florida Straits at 26°N. Between May 2001 and May 2006 the mean transport of the Florida Current was 31.0 ± 4.0 Sv. This compares to a mean transport of 32.4 ± 3.2 Sv inferred from cable voltages at 27°N over the same period, implying an average 1.4 Sv transport into the Straits through the Northwest Providence Channel. The climatological core of the Florida Current is 170 cms−1 and is positioned at 79.8°W, about 10 km east of the shelf break. The largest variability in velocity occurs over the shelf and shelf break and is likely related to shelf waves. A secondary maximum occurs across much of the Straits over the top 100 m of the water column and may be associated with wind events. The annual cycle of Florida Current transports has a range of 4.7 Sv, with a maximum in May–June–July and a minimum in January. The difference between the summer and winter current structure appears as a first baroclinic mode with zero crossing at 150 m. The maximum difference is about 15 cms−1 at the surface and is centered just offshore of the mean current core. On interannual timescales, low‐pass filtered Explorer and cable transports show similar downward trends between 2002 and 2005, but diverge over the last year or so of the record.}, number={C6}, journal={Journal of Geophysical Research}, publisher={American Geophysical Union (AGU)}, author={Beal, Lisa M. and Hummon, Julia M. and Williams, Elizabeth and Brown, Otis B. and Baringer, Warner and Kearns, Edward J.}, year={2008}, month={Jun} }
 @article{framiñan_valle-levinson_sepúlveda_brown_2008, title={Tidal variations of flow convergence, shear, and stratification at the Rio de la Plata estuary turbidity front}, volume={113}, ISSN={0148-0227}, url={http://dx.doi.org/10.1029/2006JC004038}, DOI={10.1029/2006JC004038}, abstractNote={Intratidal variability of density and velocity fields is investigated at the turbidity front of the Río de la Plata Estuary, South America. Current velocity and temperature‐salinity profiles collected in August 1999 along a repeated transect crossing the front are analyzed. Horizontal and vertical gradients, stability of the front, convergence zones, and transverse flow associated to the frontal boundary are described. Strong horizontal convergence of the across‐front velocity and build up of along‐front velocity shear were observed at the front. In the proximity of the front, enhanced transverse (or along‐front) flow created jet‐like structures at the surface and near the bottom flowing in opposite directions. These structures persisted throughout the tidal cycle and were advected upstream (downstream) by the flood (ebb) current through a distance of ∼10 km. During peak flood, the upper layer flow reversed from its predominant downstream direction and upstreamflow occupied the entire water column; outside the peak flood, two‐layer estuarine circulation dominated. Changes in density field were observed in response to tidal straining, tidal advection, and wind‐induced mixing, but stratification remained throughout the tidal cycle. This work demonstrates the large spatial variability of the velocity field at the turbidity front; it provides evidence of enhanced transverse circulation along the frontal boundary; and reveals the importance of advective and frictional intratidal processes in the dynamics of the central part of the estuary.}, number={C8}, journal={Journal of Geophysical Research}, publisher={American Geophysical Union (AGU)}, author={Framiñan, Mariana B. and Valle-Levinson, Arnoldo and Sepúlveda, Héctor H. and Brown, Otis B.}, year={2008}, month={Aug} }
 @inproceedings{minnett_hanafin_szczodrak_key_izaguirre_brown_2006, title={Scientific applications of the Marine-Atmospheric Emitted Radiance Interferometer}, booktitle={AGU Fall Meeting}, author={Minnett, P.J. and Hanafin, J.A. and Szczodrak, M. and Key, E.L. and Izaguirre, M. and Brown, O.B.}, year={2006} }
 @article{donelan_haus_reul_plant_stiassnie_graber_brown_saltzman_2004, title={On the limiting aerodynamic roughness of the ocean in very strong winds}, volume={31}, ISSN={0094-8276}, url={http://dx.doi.org/10.1029/2004GL019460}, DOI={10.1029/2004GL019460}, abstractNote={The aerodynamic friction between air and sea is an important part of the momentum balance in the development of tropical cyclones. Measurements of the drag coefficient, relating the tangential stress (frictional drag) between wind and water to the wind speed and air density, have yielded reliable information in wind speeds less than 20 m/s (about 39 knots). In these moderate conditions it is generally accepted that the drag coefficient (or equivalently, the “aerodynamic roughness”) increases with the wind speed. Can one merely extrapolate this wind speed tendency to describe the aerodynamic roughness of the ocean in the extreme wind speeds that occur in hurricanes (wind speeds greater than 30 m/s)? This paper attempts to answer this question, guided by laboratory extreme wind experiments, and concludes that the aerodynamic roughness approaches a limiting value in high winds. A fluid mechanical explanation of this phenomenon is given.}, number={18}, journal={Geophysical Research Letters}, publisher={American Geophysical Union (AGU)}, author={Donelan, M. A. and Haus, B.K. and Reul, N. and Plant, W.J. and Stiassnie, M. and Graber, H.C. and Brown, O.B. and Saltzman, E.S.}, year={2004}, month={Sep} }
 @inproceedings{minnett_brown_evans_key_kearns_kilpatrick_kumar_maillet_szczodrak_2004, title={Sea-surface temperature measurements from the moderate-resolution imaging spectroradiometer (MODIS) on aqua and terra}, volume={7}, url={http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/igarss.2004.1370173}, DOI={10.1109/igarss.2004.1370173}, abstractNote={The Terra and Aqua satellites are the flagships of the NASA Earth Observing System and carry suites of sensors designed to provide measurements of the climate system suitable for many research applications. Each satellite carries a Moderate-Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS), which are very complex imaging radiometers operating in both the visible and infrared parts of the electromagnetic spectrum. One of the primary variables that is derived from some of the infrared measurements of MODIS is sea-surface temperature (SST). There are two spectral intervals located where the atmosphere is relatively transparent, at about 4 and 11 micrometer wavelengths, where SST measurements can be made in cloud-free conditions, although the contamination of the shorter wavelength measurements by reflected sunlight limits these to the night-time part of each orbit. The atmospheric correction algorithms used to derive SSTs are described, along with radiometric and sub-surface measurements used to determine the error characteristics of the retrieved fields}, booktitle={IEEE International IEEE International IEEE International Geoscience and Remote Sensing Symposium, 2004. IGARSS '04. Proceedings. 2004}, publisher={IEEE}, author={Minnett, P.J. and Brown, O.B. and Evans, R.H. and Key, E.L. and Kearns, E.J. and Kilpatrick, K. and Kumar, A. and Maillet, K.A. and Szczodrak, G.}, year={2004}, month={Dec}, pages={4576–4579} }
 @article{yang_correspond_parvin_mariano_ryan_evans_brown_2004, title={Seasonal and interannual studies of vortices in sea surface temperature data}, volume={25}, ISSN={0143-1161 1366-5901}, url={http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/01431160310001592319}, DOI={10.1080/01431160310001592319}, abstractNote={An algorithm for calculating feature displacement velocities and for detecting vortices has been applied to 13 years of sea surface temperature data derived from Advanced Very High Resolution Radiometer (AVHRR) data. A unique global event database for seasonal and interannual studies of the spatial distribution of oceanic vortices was created for the years 1986–1998. The results indicate that (1) the number of vortices in each season is fairly constant from year to year in each hemisphere—however, their preferred locations change on seasonal to interannual time-scales; (2) the maximum number of vortices were detected in the summer and in the winter in all oceans and the minimum number were detected in the autumn; and (3) the distribution of the spatial density function shows preferred localizations such as 40° S, the tropical instability region, marginal seas, western boundary and eastern boundary current regimes.}, number={7-8}, journal={International Journal of Remote Sensing}, publisher={Informa UK Limited}, author={Yang, Q. and Correspond and Parvin, B. and Mariano, A. J. and Ryan, E. H. and Evans, R. and Brown, O. B.}, year={2004}, month={Apr}, pages={1371–1376} }
 @inproceedings{minnett_evans_kearns_kilpatrick_maillet_kumar_baringer_walsh_key_szczodrak_et al._2003, title={Sea surface temperature measurements from the MODerate- resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS) on AQUA}, booktitle={AGU Fall Meeting}, author={Minnett, P.J. and Evans, R.H. and Kearns, E.J. and Kilpatrick, K. and Maillet, K.A. and Kumar, A. and Baringer, W. and Walsh, S. and Key, E.L. and Szczodrak, M. and et al.}, year={2003} }
 @inproceedings{minnett_evans_kearns_brown_2003, title={Sea-surface temperature measured by the Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS)}, url={http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/igarss.2002.1025872}, DOI={10.1109/igarss.2002.1025872}, abstractNote={The Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS) on the NASA Earth Observing System satellites Terra and Aqua include infrared bands that are designed for the accurate measurement of sea-surface temperature (SST). In addition to the conventional 'split-window' bands in the 10-12 /spl mu/m atmospheric window (similar in spectral properties to the corresponding channels of the heritage instrument, the Advanced Very High Resolution Radiometer (AVHRR)) the MODIS also has three bands in the 3.5 to 4.2 /spl mu/m interval for SST measurement. We present a validation of the MODIS SSTs, derived from the conventional measurements at the 10-12 /spl mu/m window, by comparison with radiometrically-derived skin temperatures from ships, and with bulk measurements from buoys. These show the MODIS SSTs are comparable in accuracy to the AVHRR Pathfinder SST fields.}, booktitle={IEEE International Geoscience and Remote Sensing Symposium}, publisher={IEEE}, author={Minnett, P.J. and Evans, R.H. and Kearns, E.J. and Brown, O.B.}, year={2003}, month={Oct} }
 @book{kearns_brown_albrecht_minnett_graber_2002, title={Regional Observing Systems: Observations and Pilot Studies On Board the Explorer of the Seas}, url={http://dx.doi.org/10.21236/ada628833}, DOI={10.21236/ada628833}, abstractNote={Abstract : The maintenance of the Southeast Florida / Northern Caribbean component of the Southeast Atlantic Coastal Observing System (SEA-COOS) which provides real-time and archived oceanographic and meteorological data to the science and management communities.}, institution={Defense Technical Information Center}, author={Kearns, Edward J. and Brown, Otis and Albrecht, Bruce and Minnett, Peter and Graber, Hans}, year={2002}, month={Sep} }
 @inproceedings{esaias_evans_gordon_minnett_abbott_brown_carder_clark_campbell_voss_et al._2001, title={MODIS Ocean Product Quality Improvement over the First 16 Months}, booktitle={IEEE International Geosciences and Remote Sensing Symposium}, author={Esaias, W. and Evans, R.H. and Gordon, H.R. and Minnett, P.J. and Abbott, M. and Brown, O.B. and Carder, K. and Clark, D. and Campbell, J. and Voss, K. and et al.}, year={2001}, month={Jul} }
 @inproceedings{evans_minnett_brown_barton_kearns_kilpatrick_sikorski_kumar_zavody_2001, title={Measurements of the Ocean Surface Temperature from the Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS)}, booktitle={IEEE International Geosciences and Remote Sensing Symposium}, author={Evans, R.H. and Minnett, P.J. and Brown, O.B. and Barton, I.L. and Kearns, E.J. and Kilpatrick, K. and Sikorski, R.J. and Kumar, A. and Zavody, A.M.}, year={2001} }
 @inproceedings{brown_minnett_evans_kearns_2001, title={Satellite Earth Remote Sensing: The Earth Observing System and the Next Decade}, booktitle={Oceanology International Americas}, author={Brown, O.B. and Minnett, P.J. and Evans, R.H. and Kearns, E.J.}, year={2001} }
 @article{minnett_knuteson_best_osborne_hanafin_brown_2001, title={The Marine-Atmospheric Emitted Radiance Interferometer: A High-Accuracy, Seagoing Infrared Spectroradiometer}, volume={18}, ISSN={0739-0572 1520-0426}, url={http://dx.doi.org/10.1175/1520-0426(2001)018<0994:tmaeri>2.0.co;2}, DOI={10.1175/1520-0426(2001)018<0994:TMAERI>2.0.CO;2}, abstractNote={The Marine-Atmospheric Emitted Radiance Interferometer (M-AERI) is described, and some examples of the environmental variables that can be derived from its measurements and the types of research that these can support are briefly presented. The M-AERI is a robust, accurate, self-calibrating, seagoing Fourier-transform interferometric infrared spectroradiometer that is deployed on marine platforms to measure the emission spectra from the sea surface and marine atmosphere. The instrument works continuously under computer control and functions well under a very wide range of environmental conditions with a high rate of data return. Spectral measurements are made in the range of ∼3 to ∼18 μm wavelength and are calibrated using two internal, National Institute of Standards and Technology–traceable blackbody cavities. The environmental variables derived from the spectra include the surface skin temperature of the ocean, surface emissivity, near-surface air temperature, and profiles of temperature and humidity through the lower troposphere. These measurements are sufficiently accurate both to validate satellite-derived surface temperature fields and to study the physics of the skin layer.}, number={6}, journal={Journal of Atmospheric and Oceanic Technology}, publisher={American Meteorological Society}, author={Minnett, P. J. and Knuteson, R. O. and Best, F. A. and Osborne, B. J. and Hanafin, J. A. and Brown, O. B.}, year={2001}, month={Jun}, pages={994–1013} }
 @article{anthes_brown_droegemeier_fellows_2001, title={UCAR and NCAR at 40}, volume={82}, DOI={10.1175/1520-0477(2001)082<1139:uanaar>2.3.co;2}, abstractNote={NCAR's High Altitude}, number={6}, journal={Bulletin of the American Meteorological Society}, publisher={American Meteorological Society}, author={Anthes, Richard A. and Brown, Otis B. and Droegemeier, Kelvin K. and Fellows, Jack D.}, year={2001}, month={Jun}, pages={1139–1149} }
 @book{halpern_zlotnicki_woiceshyn_brown_feldman_freilich_wentz_2000, title={An Atlas of Monthly Mean Distributions of SSMI Surface Wind Speed, AVHRR Sea Surface Temperature, TMI Surface Wind Velocity, SeaWiFS Chlorophyll-a, and TOPEX/POSEIDON Sea Surface Topography during 1998}, number={00-08}, author={Halpern, D. and Zlotnicki, V. and Woiceshyn, P. and Brown, O. and Feldman, G.C. and Freilich, M. and Wentz, F.}, year={2000} }
 @article{kearns_hanafin_evans_minnett_brown_2000, title={An Independent Assessment of Pathfinder AVHRR Sea Surface Temperature Accuracy Using the Marine Atmosphere Emitted Radiance Interferometer (MAERI)}, volume={81}, url={http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?eid=2-s2.0-0000465991&partnerID=MN8TOARS}, DOI={10.1175/1520-0477(2000)081<1525:AIAOPA>2.3.CO;2}, abstractNote={The remotely sensed sea surface temperature (SST) estimated from the 4-km-resolution Pathfinder SST algorithm is compared to a SST locally measured by the Marine Atmospheric Emitted Radiance Interferometer (MAERI) during five oceanographic cruises in the Atlantic and Pacific Oceans, in conditions ranging from Arctic to equatorial. The Pathfinder SST is a product of the satellite-based Advanced Very High Resolution Radiometer, while the MAERI is an infrared radiometric interferometer with continuous onboard calibration that can provide highly accurate (better than 0.05°C) in situ skin temperatures during extended shipboard deployments. Matchups, which are collocated (within 4 km) and coincident (±40 min during the day; ±120 min during the night) data, from these two different sources under cloud-free conditions are compared. The average difference between the MAERI and Pathfinder SSTs is found to be 0.07 ±0.31°C from 219 matchups during the low- and midlatitude cruises; inclusion of 80 more matchups from the Arctic comparisons produces an average global difference of 0.14 ±0.36°C. The MAERI-Pathfinder differences compare favorably with the average midlatitude differences between the MAERI skin SST and other bulk SST estimates commonly available for these cruises such as the research vessels' thermosalinograph SST (0.12 ±0.17°C) and the weekly National Centers for Environmental Prediction optimally interpolated SST analysis (0.41 ±0.58°C). While not representative of all possible oceanic and atmospheric regimes, the accuracy of the Pathfinder SST estimates under the conditions sampled by the five cruises is found to be at least twice as good as previously demonstrated.}, number={7}, journal={Bulletin of the American Meteorological Society}, publisher={American Meteorological Society}, author={Kearns, Edward J. and Hanafin, Jennifer A. and Evans, Robert H. and Minnett, Peter J. and Brown, Otis B.}, year={2000}, pages={1525–1536} }
 @inproceedings{evans_minnett_brown_kilpatrick_kearns_gordon_voss_abbott_2000, title={Early Results from NASA’s Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS): Global and Arabian Sea Regional Ocean Color and Thermal Observations}, volume={1}, booktitle={Proceedings of the 5th Pacific Ocean Remote Sensing Conference (PORSEC2000)}, author={Evans, R.H. and Minnett, P.J. and Brown, O.B. and Kilpatrick, K. and Kearns, E.J. and Gordon, H. and Voss, K. and Abbott, M.}, year={2000}, month={Dec}, pages={5} }
 @inproceedings{minnett_kearns_hanafin_evans_brown_2000, title={Improved determination of the accuracy of satellite-derived SST fields}, booktitle={Tenth ARM Science Team Meeting}, author={Minnett, P.J. and Kearns, E.J. and Hanafin, J.A. and Evans, R.H. and Brown, O.B.}, year={2000} }
 @inproceedings{yang_parvin_mariano_ryan_evans_brown_2000, place={Abstract}, title={Seasonal and Interannual Studies of Vortices in SST Data}, booktitle={Oceans from Space}, author={Yang, Q. and Parvin, B. and Mariano, A.J. and Ryan, E. and Evans, R.H. and Brown, O.B.}, year={2000} }
 @inproceedings{framinan_munchow_valle-levinson_vetere_brown_1999, title={Observational Study in the Rio de la Plata Estuary and Adjacent Shelf, South America - Winter 1999}, booktitle={Proceedings LOICZ 4th Open Science Meeting - Regimes of Coastal Change}, author={Framinan, M.B. and Munchow, A. and Valle-Levinson, A. and Vetere, F. and Brown, O.B.}, year={1999}, pages={69} }
 @inbook{framiñan_etala_acha_guerrero_lasta_brown_1999, title={Physical Characteristics and Processes of the Río de la Plata Estuary}, ISBN={9783642642692 9783642601316}, url={http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-60131-6_8}, DOI={10.1007/978-3-642-60131-6_8}, booktitle={Estuaries of South America}, publisher={Springer Berlin Heidelberg}, author={Framiñan, Mariana B. and Etala, María P. and Acha, Eduardo M. and Guerrero, Raúl A. and Lasta, Carlos A. and Brown, Otis B.}, year={1999}, pages={161–194} }
 @book{brown_minnett_1999, place={Greenbelt, MD}, title={The MODIS infrared sea-surface temperature algorithm. Algorithm Technical Basis Document}, institution={NASA Goddard Space Flight Center}, author={Brown, O.B. and Minnett, P.J.}, year={1999} }
 @book{halpern_zlotnicki_woiceshyn_brown_freilich_wentz_1998, title={An Atlas of Monthly Mean Distributions of SSMI Surface Wind Speed, AVHRR Sea Surface Temperature, AMI Surface Wind Velocity, and TOPEX/POSEIDON Sea Surface Height During 1995}, number={98-5}, author={Halpern, D. and Zlotnicki, V. and Woiceshyn, P. and Brown, O. and Freilich, M. and Wentz, F.}, year={1998} }
 @article{esaias_abbott_barton_brown_campbell_carder_clark_evans_hoge_gordon_et al._1998, title={An overview of MODIS capabilities for ocean science observations}, volume={36}, ISSN={0196-2892}, url={http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/36.701076}, DOI={10.1109/36.701076}, abstractNote={The Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS) will add a significant new capability for investigating the 70% of the Earth's surface that is covered by oceans, in addition to contributing to the continuation of a decadal scale time series necessary for climate change assessment in the oceans. Sensor capabilities of particular importance for improving the accuracy of ocean products include high SNR and high stability for narrow or spectral bands, improved onboard radiometric calibration and stability monitoring, and improved science data product algorithms. Spectral bands for resolving solar-stimulated chlorophyll fluorescence and a split window in the 4-/spl mu/m region for SST will result in important new global ocean science products for biology and physics. MODIS will return full global data at 1-km resolution. The complete suite of Levels 2 and 3 ocean products is reviewed, and many areas where MODIS data are expected to make significant, new contributions to the enhanced understanding of the oceans' role in understanding climate change are discussed. In providing a highly complementary and consistent set of observations of terrestrial, atmospheric, and ocean observations, MODIS data will provide important new information on the interactions between Earth's major components.}, number={4}, journal={IEEE Transactions on Geoscience and Remote Sensing}, publisher={Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE)}, author={Esaias, W.E. and Abbott, M.R. and Barton, I. and Brown, O.B. and Campbell, J.W. and Carder, K.L. and Clark, D.K. and Evans, R.H. and Hoge, F.E. and Gordon, H.R. and et al.}, year={1998}, month={Jul}, pages={1250–1265} }
 @article{framiñan_brown_1998, place={EOS Trans., AGU}, title={Sea surface temperature anomalies off the Río de la Plata Estuary: Coastal Upwelling}, volume={79}, number={1}, journal={Transactions AGU}, author={Framiñan, M.B. and Brown, O.B.}, year={1998}, pages={128} }
 @article{goni_garzoli_roubicek_olson_brown_1997, title={Agulhas ring dynamics from TOPEX/POSEIDON satellite altimeter data}, volume={55}, ISSN={0022-2402 1543-9542}, url={http://dx.doi.org/10.1357/0022240973224175}, DOI={10.1357/0022240973224175}, abstractNote={The transfer of warm water from the Indian Ocean into the South Atlantic subtropical gyre takes place in the form of rings and filaments formed when the Agulhas Current retroflects south of Africa between IS and 25E. A survey of the rings formed from September 1992 until December 1995 in the Retroflection region was carried out using TOPEX/POSEIDON altimeter data. A two-layer model was used to estimate the upper layer thickness from the altimeter-derived sea-surface height anomaly data. An objective analysis scheme was used to construct a map of upper layer thickness every ten days. Seventeen rings and their trajectories were identified using these maps. The shedding of rings from the Agulhas Current was neither continuous nor periodic, and for long periods there is no formation of rings. Several rings remained in the region for more than a year and, at any given time, 2 to 6 rings coexisted in the region east of the Walvis Ridge. The results showed that the number of rings translating simultaneously in this region is larger during the first half of each year. The upper layer transport of the Agulhas Current in the Retroflection region was computed and a close association between high variations in transport and ring shedding was found. Rings translated WNW at translation speeds ranging from 5 to 16 km day-l following formation. The values of available potential energy computed for the rings place them among the most energetic rings observed in the world oceans, with values of up to 70 X lOIs J. Transport computations indicate that each ring contributes in the average approximately 1 Sv of Agulhas Current waters to the Benguela Current.}, number={5}, journal={Journal of Marine Research}, publisher={Journal of Marine Research/Yale}, author={Goni, Gustavo J. and Garzoli, Silvia L. and Roubicek, Andreas J. and Olson, Donald B. and Brown, Otis B.}, year={1997}, month={Sep}, pages={861–883} }
 @book{halpern_zlotnicki_brown_freilich_wentz_1997, title={An Atlas of Monthly Mean Distributions of SSMI Surface Wind Speed, AVHRR/2 Sea Surface Temperature, AMI Surface Wind Velocity, TOPEX/POSEIDON Sea Surface Height During 1994}, number={97-1}, author={Halpern, D. and Zlotnicki, V. and Brown, O. and Freilich, M. and Wentz, F.}, year={1997} }
 @inproceedings{minnett_knuteson_brown_1997, title={Measurements of near-surface vertical temperature gradients in the Tropical Pacific Ocean}, booktitle={Fall Meeting of the American Geophysical Union}, author={Minnett, P.J. and Knuteson, R.O. and Brown, O.B.}, year={1997} }
 @article{forbes_brown_1996, title={Assimilation of sea surface height data into an isopycnic ocean model}, volume={26}, url={http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?eid=2-s2.0-0030463641&partnerID=MN8TOARS}, DOI={10.1175/1520-0485(1996)026<1189:AOSSHD>2.0.CO;2}, abstractNote={Two different methods for assimilating sea surface height data into an isopycnic primitive equation model were developed and tested for the idealized case of an analytical Gaussian warm core (anticyclonic) eddy, then implemented using remotely sensed data from the Brazil–Malvinas confluence region. The first method makes a geostrophic assumption about the flow to relate sea surface height field gradients to the model velocities. The second method nudges the model sea surface height itself toward the observed values using a linear vertical influence function in the upper layers. The relationship between the surface height observations and the layer interface displacements is derived from observations of eddies in different regions of the Atlantic Ocean. Both assimilation methods were successful in transferring the dynamical influence of the sea surface height measurements deep into the water column, but a combination of both gave the best results. The application of both methods reproduced the detailed mesoscale features of the real oceanic circulation when assimilating Geosat sea surface height measurements from the Brazil–Malvinas confluence region into an isopycnic “box” ocean model. The velocity fields show deep anticyclonic (cyclonic) circulations of 66 cm s−1 (52 cm s−1), which are present in observations of eddies and meanders. When compared to the no assimilation run, the assimilated sea surface height field exhibits a richer spectrum, with energy in all spectral bands strongly correlated with the observed values. The resulting band of energy higher than 150 cm2 between 300 and 600 km is in agreement with previous studies of this region. The rms error between the model sea surface height and the Geosat data was reduced from ∼13 cm in the no assimilation run to 2 cm rms after the assimilation. These experiments demonstrate the flexibility and effectiveness of the Newtonian relaxation (nudging) method for assimilating real data into a complex, multilayer primitive equation ocean model.}, number={7}, journal={Journal of Physical Oceanography}, publisher={American Meteorological Society}, author={Forbes, Cristina and Brown, Otis}, year={1996}, pages={1189–1213} }
 @article{smith_knuteson_revercomb_feltz_nalli_howell_menzel_brown_brown_minnett_et al._1996, title={Observations of the Infrared Radiative Properties of the Ocean—Implications for the Measurement of Sea Surface Temperature via Satellite Remote Sensing}, volume={77}, url={http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?eid=2-s2.0-0029751381&partnerID=MN8TOARS}, DOI={10.1175/1520-0477(1996)077<0041:ootirp>2.0.co;2}, abstractNote={The Atmospheric Emitted Radiance Interferometer (AERI) was used to measure the infrared radiative properties and the temperature of the Gulf of Mexico during a 5-day oceanographic cruise in January 1995. The ocean skin temperature was measured with an accuracy believed to be better than 0.1 °C. The surface reflectivity/emissivity was determined as a function of view angle and sea state. The radiative properties are in good theoretical consistency with in situ measurements of ocean bulk temperature and the meteorological observations made from the oceanographic vessel. The AERI and in situ measurements provide a strong basis for accurate global specifications of sea surface temperature and ocean heat flux from satellites and ships.}, number={1}, journal={Bulletin of the American Meteorological Society}, publisher={American Meteorological Society}, author={Smith, William L. and Knuteson, R. O. and Revercomb, H. E. and Feltz, W. and Nalli, N. R. and Howell, H. B. and Menzel, W. P. and Brown, Otis and Brown, James and Minnett, Peter and et al.}, year={1996}, month={Jan}, pages={41–51} }
 @inproceedings{smith_feltz_howell_knuteson_menzel_nalli_revercombe_brown_brown_minnett_et al._1996, place={Boston, MA}, title={Observations of the infrared radiative properties of the ocean - implications for the measurement of sea-surface temperature via satellite remote sensing}, booktitle={Proceedings of the Eighth Conference on Satellite Meteorology and Oceanography}, publisher={American Meteorological Society}, author={Smith, W.L. and Feltz, W. and Howell, H.B. and Knuteson, R.O. and Menzel, W.P. and Nalli, N. and Revercombe, H.E. and Brown, O. and Brown, J. and Minnett, P.J. and et al.}, year={1996}, pages={531–535} }
 @article{framiñan_brown_1996, title={Study of the Río de la Plata turbidity front, Part 1: spatial and temporal distribution}, volume={16}, ISSN={0278-4343}, url={http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0278-4343(95)00071-2}, DOI={10.1016/0278-4343(95)00071-2}, abstractNote={The Río de la Plata is a riverine system located on the east coast of South America at 35°S. It covers 35,000 km2, it is 320 km long and 230 km wide at the mouth. The Río de la Plata drains the second largest basin in South America with an average discharge of 22,000 m3 s−1. The processes associated with the interaction of the fresh river water and the saline shelf water and tidal stirring generate a turbidity front in the outer region, which is clearly defined in the satellite images as a strong gradient in reflectance and a sharp change in water color. We use a 4 yr span of NOAA-AVHRR daily images, from September 1986 to August 1990, to determine the spatial and temporal distribution of the turbidity front. Channels 1 and 2 (visible and near-infrared) are used to digitize the fronts, and channel 4 and sea surface temperature are used as complementary information for cloud detection. From a total of 2578 images, 1274 daytime images allowed us to determine 333 positions of the front. This information is used to estimate the distribution of the frontal density, a probabilistic measure of frontal occurrence. Monthly, seasonal and annual analyses were performed. The relation of the turbidity front patterns to bathymetry, tidal dynamics, river discharge and winds were investigated. A comparison between the frontal density distribution and stratification parameters is presented. The results show a high degree of variability of the frontal distribution at the northern coast of the estuary. In this region, the frontal position varies between 57°W and 54°12′W. The westernmost location occurs in the summer months, which is coincident with minimum river discharge, predominance of easterly winds and minimum occurrence of southwesterlies. The easternmost location occurs during the spring, with strong winds from the southwest. At the southern coast the modal position of the front coincides with the 5 m isobath, although great variations to this position have been observed during years of large river discharge. The fall and winter are seasons of maximum river discharge. During these periods there is a bimodal frontal distribution with maximum values of frontal density at the northern area of Bay of Samborombón and south of Montevideo, and higher variability in the center of the river.}, number={10}, journal={Continental Shelf Research}, publisher={Elsevier BV}, author={Framiñan, Mariana B. and Brown, Otis B.}, year={1996}, month={Aug}, pages={1259–1282} }
 @book{halpern_fu_knauss_pihos_brown_freilich_wentz_1995, title={An Atlas of Monthly Mean Distributions of SSMI Surface Wind Speed, AVHRR/2 Sea Surface Temperature, AMI Surface Wind Velocity, TOPEX/POSEIDON Sea Surface Height, and ECMWF Surface Wind Velocity During 1993}, number={95-3}, author={Halpern, D. and Fu, L. and Knauss, W. and Pihos, G. and Brown, O. and Freilich, M. and Wentz, F.}, year={1995} }
 @article{goni_podesta_brown_brown_1995, title={Mesoscale ocean variability signal recovered from altimeter data in the SW Atlantic Ocean: a comparison of orbit error correction in three Geosat data sets}, url={https://doi.org/10.1590/S1679-87591995000200002}, DOI={10.1590/S1679-87591995000200002}, author={Goni, Gustavo and Podesta, Guillermo and Brown, Otis and Brown, James}, year={1995} }
 @article{goni_podesta_brown_brown_1995, title={Mesoscale ocean variability signal recovered from altimeter data in the SW Atlantic Ocean: a comparison of orbit error correction in three Geosat data sets}, volume={43}, ISSN={0373-5524}, url={http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/s0373-55241995000200002}, DOI={10.1590/s0373-55241995000200002}, abstractNote={Orbit error is one of the largest sources of uncertainty in studies of ocean dynamics using satellite altimeters. The sensitivity of GEOSAT mesoscale ocean variability estimates to altimeter orbit precision in the SW Atlantic is analyzed using three GEOSAT data sets derived from different orbit estimation methods: (a) the original GDR data set, which has the lowest orbit precision, (b) the GEM-T2 set, constructed from a much more precise orbital model, and (c) the Sirkes-Wunsch data set, derived from additional spectral analysis of the GEM-T2 data set. Differences among the data sets are investigated for two tracks in dynamically dissimilar regimes of the Southwestern Atlantic Ocean, by comparing: (a) distinctive features of the average power density spectra of the sea height residuals and (b) space-time diagrams of sea height residuals. The variability estimates produced by the three data sets are extremely similar in both regimes after removal of the time-dependent component of the orbit error using a quadratic fit. Our results indicate that altimeter orbit precision with appropriate processing plays only a minor role in studies of mesoscale ocean variability.}, number={2}, journal={Boletim do Instituto Oceanográfico}, publisher={FapUNIFESP (SciELO)}, author={Goni, Gustavo and Podesta, Guillermo and Brown, Otis and Brown, James}, year={1995}, pages={101–110} }
 @book{halpern_knauss_brown_freilich_wentz_1994, title={An Atlas of Monthly Mean Distributions of SSMI Surface Wind Speed, ARGOS Buoy Drift, AVHRR/2 Sea Surface Temperature, AMI Surface Wind Components, and ECMWF Surface Wind Components During 1992,}, number={94-4}, author={Halpern, D. and Knauss, W. and Brown, O. and Freilich, M. and Wentz, F.}, year={1994} }
 @book{abbott_brown_evans_gordon_carder_muller-karger_esaias_1994, series={SeaWiFS Technical Report Series}, title={Ocean Color in the 21st Century: A Strategy for a 20-Year Time Series}, author={Abbott, Mark R. and Brown, Otis B. and Evans, Robert H. and Gordon, Howard R. and Carder, Kendall L. and Muller-Karger, Frank E. and Esaias, Wayne E.}, editor={Hooker, S.B. and Firestone, E.R.Editors}, year={1994}, collection={SeaWiFS Technical Report Series} }
 @book{ocean-atmosphere observations supporting short-term climate predictions_1994, ISBN={9780309352802}, url={http://dx.doi.org/10.17226/20945}, DOI={10.17226/20945}, publisher={National Academies Press}, year={1994}, month={Jan} }
 @article{weatherly_evans_brown_1993, title={A comparison of GEOSAT altimeter inferred currents and measured flow at 5400 m depth in the Argentine Basin}, volume={40}, ISSN={0967-0645}, url={http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0967-0645(93)90045-o}, DOI={10.1016/0967-0645(93)90045-O}, abstractNote={A comparison is made between an 11 month duration current meter record obtained near the bottom at 40°27′S, 49°25′W in the mid-Argentine Basin in water depth 5400 m, and near-surface flow inferred from GEOSAT altimeter data. The GEOSAT has a repeat path time of 17 days, and inferred near-surface flow features with periods of 34 days or less should not be detectable. Thus the current meter record was filtered with a 34 day low pass filter. Since only fluctuating flows can be inferred with the GEOSAT altimeter data, the deep recorded mean current was added to the satellite-inferred flow for comparison purposes. The deep flow and the altimeter-inferred near-surface flow agree remarkably well, suggesting that for time scales ⩾34 days the flow was nearly barotropic in this region of the South Atlantic.}, number={4-5}, journal={Deep Sea Research Part II: Topical Studies in Oceanography}, publisher={Elsevier BV}, author={Weatherly, Georges L. and Evans, Robert H. and Brown, Otis T.}, year={1993}, month={Jan}, pages={989–999} }
 @book{halpern_knauss_brown_wentz_1993, title={An Atlas of Monthly Mean Distributions of SSMI Surface Wind Speed, ARGOS Buoy Drift, AVHRR/2 Sea Surface Temperature, and ECMWF Surface Wind Components During 1990}, number={93-1}, author={Halpern, D. and Knauss, W. and Brown, O. and Wentz, F.}, year={1993} }
 @article{brown_brown_evans_1993, title={Calibration of advanced very high resolution radiometer infrared channels: A new approach to nonlinear correction}, volume={98}, ISSN={0148-0227}, url={http://dx.doi.org/10.1029/93jc01638}, DOI={10.1029/93jc01638}, abstractNote={A detailed reanalysis of the calibration procedures for the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA) advanced very high resolution radiometer (AVHRR) based on thermal‐vacuum test data was performed as part of the National Air and Space Administration/NOAA AVHRR Pathfinder Project. This effort, a followup to work by Brown et al. (1985), was motivated by the finding that the AVHRR instruments on several NOAA platforms have been routinely operated outside the range of thermal‐vacuum test results, and thus one could not interpolate nonlinear corrections directly from earlier methods. These new calibration procedures permit calculation of nonlinear temperature corrections for any AVHRR operating temperature based on a second‐order polynomial regression with a total calibration accuracy relative to an external calibration standard of less than two digital counts (±0.2°C). Such an improvement is quite important to the absolute accuracy of surface thermal fields, which are derived from these data utilizing various multichannel atmospheric water vapor correction schemes. We find systematic differences in the newly derived nonlinear correction results and those reported previously by Weinreb et al. (1990) and the original reference material in the various addenda to NOAA NESS Technical Memorandum 107 (Lauritson et al., 1979). Calibration results for various AVHRR radiometers show instrument‐similar corrections for each band. Radiometers on NOAA platforms 8‐12 demonstrate similar nonlinearities.}, number={C10}, journal={Journal of Geophysical Research: Oceans}, publisher={American Geophysical Union (AGU)}, author={Brown, James W. and Brown, Otis B. and Evans, Robert H.}, year={1993}, month={Oct}, pages={18257–18268} }
 @article{brown_brown_evans_1993, title={Calibration of advanced very high resolution radiometer infrared channels: a new approach to nonlinear correction}, volume={98}, url={http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?eid=2-s2.0-0027830194&partnerID=MN8TOARS}, number={C10}, journal={Journal of Geophysical Research}, author={Brown, J.W. and Brown, O.B. and Evans, R.H.}, year={1993} }
 @article{forbes_leaman_olson_brown_1993, title={Eddy and wave dynamics in the South Atlantic as diagnosed from Geosat altimeter data}, volume={98}, ISSN={0148-0227}, url={http://dx.doi.org/10.1029/93jc00405}, DOI={10.1029/93jc00405}, abstractNote={Almost 3 years of Geosat data were analyzed to ascertain the characteristics of the sea surface height variability in the South Atlantic. The nature of the sea surface height field is shown to be nonstationary, heterogeneous, and anisotropic. In particular, the wavenumber spectral characteristics of the sea surface height field, such as spectral slopes, shape, breaks in spectral slopes, and energy density values, vary with latitude and longitude within the basin. The spectral slopes exhibit a spectral dependence approaching k −5 in the high energy areas and k −3 in the low energy areas. Along‐track characteristic wavelengths are found to decrease from north (500 km) to south (300 km) and from west to east. The (eddy available potential) energy exhibits maximum values in the highly energetic eddy shedding regions of the Malvinas‐Brazil confluence and the Agulhas leakage region. Mean frequency spectra, calculated from time series of sea surface height variability at crossover points, reveal evidence of annual and semiannual signatures with energy levels reaching 1000 cm 2 in the high‐energy western and eastern systems. These values represent 20% of the energy found for periods of 100 days or less, which is the time scale of the mesoscale variability. Baroclinic Rossby waves with periods of 400–500 days are found to propagate away from the eddy‐shedding region of the Agulhas leakage into the Atlantic. The phase (energy) of these planetary waves propagates toward the west‐southwest (west‐northwest) from their source near the southern tip of Africa. Correlation functions in space (both in the zonal and along‐track directions) and time lag corroborate these findings. Zonal and meridional wavenumbers were calculated using a simple wavenumber projection technique which takes into a count the anisotropic property of the wave field. The resultant wavelengths (approximately 250 km) are consistent with those calculated from the dispersion relation for baroclinic Rossby waves. These waves propagate with a group speed of 0.4 cm s −1 and provide a net energy flux from the Agulhas leakage into the Atlantic toward the western boundary and the equator across 25°S.}, number={C7}, journal={Journal of Geophysical Research: Oceans}, publisher={American Geophysical Union (AGU)}, author={Forbes, Cristina and Leaman, Kevin and Olson, Don and Brown, Otis}, year={1993}, month={Jul}, pages={12297–12314} }
 @article{olson_podestá,_goñi_smith_chassignet_garzoli_kamholz_evans_brown_1993, title={Long-term variations in the Brazil-Malvinas Confluence}, volume={11}, number={Supplement 11}, journal={Annales Geophysicae, Part II, Oceans, Atmosphere, Hydrology and Nonlinear geophysics}, author={Olson, D.B. and Podestá,, G.P. and Goñi, G.J. and Smith, L.T. and Chassignet, E.P. and Garzoli, S.L. and Kamholz, S. and Evans, R.H. and Brown, O.B.}, year={1993}, pages={C164} }
 @inbook{sea surface temperature_1993, booktitle={Atlas of Satellite Observations Related to Global Change, Eds. R.J. Gurney, J. L. Foster and C.L. Parkinson}, publisher={Cambridge University Press}, year={1993}, pages={237–249} }
 @inproceedings{goñi_podestá_brown_olson_1993, title={The use of GEOSAT altimetry to study western boundary currents}, booktitle={Terceras Jornadas Nacionales de Ciencias del Mar}, author={Goñi, G.J. and Podestá, G.P. and Brown, O. and Olson, D.}, year={1993} }
 @book{halpern_zlotnicki_newman_dixon_brown_wentz_1992, title={An Atlas of Monthly Mean Distributions of GEOSAT Sea Surface Height, SSMI Surface Wind Speed, AVHRR/2 Sea Surface Temperature, and ECMWF Surface Wind Components During 1987}, number={92-3}, author={Halpern, D. and Zlotnicki, V. and Newman, J. and Dixon, D. and Brown, O. and Wentz, F.}, year={1992} }
 @book{halpern_knauss_brown_wentz_1992, title={An Atlas of Monthly Mean Distributions of SSMI Surface Wind Speed, ARGOS Buoy Drift, AVHRR/2 Sea Surface Temperature, and ECMWF Surface Wind Components During 1989}, number={92-17}, author={Halpern, D. and Knauss, W. and Brown, O. and Wentz, F.}, year={1992} }
 @article{garrafo_garzoli_haxby_podestá_brown_olson_1992, title={Analysis of a general circulation model product}, journal={Eos Transactions}, author={Garrafo, Z. and Garzoli, S. and Haxby, W. and Podestá, G. and Brown, O. and Olson, D.}, year={1992} }
 @article{garzoli_garraffo_podesta_brown_1992, title={Analysis of a general circulation model product: 1. Frontal systems in the Brazil/Malvinas and Kuroshio/Oyashio regions}, volume={97}, ISSN={0148-0227}, url={http://dx.doi.org/10.1029/92jc02222}, DOI={10.1029/92jc02222}, abstractNote={In the present paper (part 1 of 2), the product of the Semtner and Chervin general circulation model (GCM) is compared with available observations in the frontal areas of the Brazil/Malvinas and the Kuroshio/Oyashio confluences. The dimensionality of the systems studied is reduced by using the empirical orthogonal functions (EOF) and frontal density methods. The two sets of data utilized to validate the model are the sea surface temperature (SST) from the satellite observations and temperature fields product from the GCM at levels 1 (12.5 m), 2 (37.5 m) and 6 (160 m). Comparisons are made between the dominant empirical modes and the locus of maximum probability for observations and model product. The model reproduces intense thermal fronts at the surface and in the upper layers. In the upper layer (level 1) they are induced by the internal dynamics of the model and not by the restoring of the model to climatology alone. The variability of these fronts is less pronounced in the model than in the observations. The dominant period in the observations is annual with contributions of semiannual and high frequency oscillations. In the model, the dominant variability is also annual at all analyzed levels. A semiannual oscillation contributed to a lower degree and is related to eddies that, in the model, have an annual and semiannual periodicity. For the regions examined, the location of the fronts are reproduced in the model within differences of 4° to 5° with observations. In the Brazil/Malvinas region, the Confluence front is reproduced approximately 4° towards the west of the observed front. This appears to be due to the resolution of the model that, in a 0.5° × 0.5° grid, does not resolve the sharp slope at the edge of the Argentine continental shelf. The maximum southward penetration of the warm tongue of Brazil waters occurs in the model approximately 4° towards the north. This is related to the fact that, in the model, the Malvinas transport doubles the one derived from the observations. This might be due to the effect of a large modeled transport for the Circumpolar Current or, again, to a poor resolution of the topography. In the Kuroshio area, the Oyashio front, which in observations is more pronounced at the surface than in the lower layers, is well reproduced in the surface temperature field. On the contrary, the Kuroshio front, more intense in the lower layers but still marked in the satellite observations, is visible in the model only below 160 m. The front is not present in the surface temperature field but, as a consequence of the thermal wind balance, an intense eastward flow at the location of the Kuroshio Extension is observed in the model velocity field. When compared with the observations, the location of the Extension is shifted approximately 5° towards the south. This indicates a shift in latitude between the modeled and observed latitude of separation. The resolution of the model is marginal to reproduce the process of eddy formation, but large scale eddies are observed in the model in both analyzed areas. They are generated as a pinch of the main flow with an annual and semiannual periodicity. We conclude that some of the differences between model and observations, like the differences found in the locations of the fronts, and the diminished variability, will decrease with a higher resolution.}, number={C12}, journal={Journal of Geophysical Research: Oceans}, publisher={American Geophysical Union (AGU)}, author={Garzoli, Silvia L. and Garraffo, Zulema and Podesta, Guillermo and Brown, Otis}, year={1992}, month={Dec}, pages={20117–20138} }
 @article{goñi_brown_brown_podestá_1992, title={Comparison of GEOSAT Sea Level Height Residuals in the SW Atlantic Using Three Orbit Correction Methods}, volume={73}, number={14}, journal={Eos Transactions}, author={Goñi, G.J. and Brown, J.W. and Brown, O.B. and Podestá, G.P.}, year={1992}, pages={170} }
 @article{mariano_brown_1992, title={Efficient objective analysis of dynamically heterogeneous and nonstationary fields via the parameter matrix}, volume={39}, ISSN={0198-0149}, url={http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0198-0149(92)90068-5}, DOI={10.1016/0198-0149(92)90068-5}, abstractNote={We develop a generalized approach for the objective analysis of nonstationary, heterogeneous fields. An algorithm is presented that uses an anisotropic, time-dependent correlation function with correlation parameters that vary in space/time and a time-dependent trend surface for efficient objective analysis of dynamically heterogeneous and nonstationary fields. The algorithm, which we term the “parameter matrix algorithm”, is applied to two data sets. The first is tropical Pacific sea surface temperature (SST) derived from satellite AVHRR data and Pan-Toga drifting buoys. The SST appliclication illustrates how the parameter matrix is used for the computationally efficient objective analysis of the tropical Pacific SST from 30°S to 30°N at 0.2° resolution (over 290,000 grid points) using approximately 350,000 data points from 12 2-day satellite SST composites. The second example uses data from the Anatomy of a Meander/ BIOSYNOP experiment in the Gulf Stream ring and meander region and illustrates that an objective analysis using the parameter matrix can yield a more accurate representation of oceanic features than typical objective analysis techniques.}, number={7-8}, journal={Deep Sea Research Part A. Oceanographic Research Papers}, publisher={Elsevier BV}, author={Mariano, Arthur J and Brown, Otis B}, year={1992}, month={Jul}, pages={1255–1271} }
 @article{joyce_bishop_brown_1992, title={Observations of offshore shelf-water transport induced by a warm-core ring}, volume={39}, ISSN={0198-0149}, url={http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0198-0149(11)80007-5}, DOI={10.1016/s0198-0149(11)80007-5}, abstractNote={Gulf Stream warm-core rings often are observed to entrain water from the continental shelf and transport filaments of shelf water out over the continental slope. In June 1982 the R. V. Endeavor made a transect through one such shelf-water “streamer” that was seen from satellite thermal imagery to the east of warm-core ring 82B. Acoustic doppler current profiles together with repeated CTD stations were made through the streamer. The CTD system was also equipped with a dissolved oxygen sensor and transmissometer. We were able to make an unprecedented section of velocity and water mass structure of the shelf-water filament. The offshore velocity structure observed was complicated with velocities ranging from 10 to 50 cm s−1, temperatures, in a sub-surface temperature minimum, of less than 8°C, surface salinities less than 33‰, with high levels of suspended particulate matter and manganese, and with shelf-water properties as deep as 100 m in the center of the streamer. Transports calculated in different temperature and salinity classes showed a total volume transport of waters in the filament of 0.8–0.9 × 106 m3 s−1 for water with a salinity <35‰. Thermal imagery shows that the streamer was not “wrapped around” the ring but was advected by the ring and deposited at the inshore edge of the Gulf Stream. Using adjacent stations not in the streamer, but in the Slope Water, as a reference for water that presumably replaced the above amount of shelf water, estimates have been made of the net exchange of heat, salt, particulates, dissolved oxygen and Mn due to the offshore transport of shelf water by 82B. These estimates indicate that warm-core rings are capable of inducing significant exchange across the Shelf/Slope Water front off the northeast coast of the U.S.A.}, journal={Deep Sea Research Part A. Oceanographic Research Papers}, publisher={Elsevier BV}, author={Joyce, Terrence M. and Bishop, James K.B. and Brown, Otis B.}, year={1992}, month={Mar}, pages={S97–S113} }
 @article{podestá_brown_1992, title={Spatial and Temporal Patterns of Satellite-derived Sea Surface Temperature in the Western Tropical Atlantic Ocean and Caribbean Sea, January 1982-June 1989}, volume={3}, journal={Caribbean Marine Studies}, author={Podestá, G.P. and Brown, O.B.}, year={1992}, month={Jan}, pages={1–19} }
 @article{framiñan_brown_podestá_1992, title={Variability of the Turbidity Front in the Rio de la Plata Estuary and its Relationship to Oceanographic, Meteorological and Hydrologic Parameters}, volume={73}, number={43}, journal={Eos Transactions}, author={Framiñan, M.B. and Brown, O. and Podestá, G.}, year={1992}, pages={289} }
 @article{halpern_zlotnicki_newman_dixon_brown_wentz_1991, title={1987 El Nino and 1988 La Nina Fluctuations of Global Monthly Mean Variables at the Sea Surface}, volume={72}, number={Supplement}, journal={Eos Transactions}, author={Halpern, D. and Zlotnicki, V. and Newman, J. and Dixon, D. and Brown, O. and Wentz, F.}, year={1991}, pages={261} }
 @book{halpern_zlotnicki_newman_brown_wentz_1991, title={An Atlas of Monthly Mean Distributions of GEOSAT Sea Surface Height, SSMI Surface Wind Speed, AVHRR/2 Sea Surface Temperature, and ECMWF Surface Wind Components During 1988}, number={91-8}, author={Halpern, D. and Zlotnicki, V. and Newman, J. and Brown, O. and Wentz, F.}, year={1991} }
 @article{garraffo_garzoli_haxby_podestá_brown_olson_1991, title={Analysis of a general cirulation model product.1991}, volume={72}, number={51}, journal={Eos Transactions}, author={Garraffo, Z. and Garzoli, S. and Haxby, W. and Podestá, G. and Brown, O. and Olson, D.}, year={1991}, pages={42} }
 @article{brown_evans_cornillon_1991, title={Satellite-derived global sea surface temperature fields: 1982–1989}, volume={4}, ISSN={0921-8181}, url={http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0921-8181(91)90089-f}, DOI={10.1016/0921-8181(91)90089-F}, abstractNote={Satellite observation of ocean temperature using infrared radiometers on polar-orbiting satellites started in the 1960's and has continued to the present. This paper gives an historical overview, discusses current technology and reviews new activities. Three themes are explored in this discussion: (1) current capabilities, (2) documenting global change, and (3) EOSDIS AVHRR Pathfinder activities.}, number={1-3}, journal={Global and Planetary Change}, publisher={Elsevier BV}, author={Brown, O and Evans, R and Cornillon, P}, year={1991}, month={Jul}, pages={179–181} }
 @article{podestá_brown_evans_1991, title={The annual cycle of satellite-derived sea surface temperature in the southwestern Atlantic ocean}, volume={4}, url={http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?eid=2-s2.0-0000293028&partnerID=MN8TOARS}, DOI={10.1175/1520-0442(1991)004<0457:TACOSD>2.0.CO;2}, abstractNote={The annual cycle of sea surface temperature (SST) in the southwestern Atlantic Ocean was estimated using four years (July 1984-July 1988) of NOAA Advanced Very High Resolution Radiometer observations. High resolution satellite observations at 1-km space and daily time resolution were grided at 100-km space and 5- day time intervals to develop an analysis dataset for determination of low fluency SST variability. The integral time scale, a measure of serial correlation, was found to vary from 40 to 60 days in the domain of interest. The existence of superannual trends in the SST data was investigated, but conclusive results could not be obtained. The annual cycle (and, in particular, the annual harmonic) explains a large proportion of the SST variability. The estimated amplitude of the cycle ranges between 5° and 13°C throughout the study area, with minima in August-September and maxima in February. The resultant climatology is compared with an arbitrary 5-day satellite SST field, and with the COADS/ICE SST climatology. It was found that the higher resolution satellite- based SST climatology resolves boundary current structure and has significantly better structural agreement with the observed field.}, number={4}, journal={Journal of Climate}, publisher={American Meteorological Society}, author={Podestá, Guillermo P. and Brown, Otis B. and Evans, Robert H.}, year={1991}, pages={457–467} }
 @inproceedings{garzoli_brown_evans_olson_podestá_provost_garcon_memery_takahashi_piuola_et al._1990, title={CONFLUENCE 1988”1990: An intensive study of the southwestern Atlantic}, volume={71}, ISSN={0096-3941 2324-9250}, url={http://dx.doi.org/10.1029/90eo00313}, DOI={10.1029/90eo00313}, abstractNote={The CONFLUENCE Program is a joint Argentine, French, and U.S. effort to study the dynamics of the Southwestern Atlantic Ocean. The program concentrates on the Brazil and Malvinas (or Falkland) currents along the coast of Argentina and Uruguay. This article is an overview of the 1988–1990 field work, with a few preliminary results.}, number={41}, booktitle={Eos, Transactions American Geophysical Union}, publisher={American Geophysical Union (AGU)}, author={Garzoli, S.L., and Brown, O. and Evans, R. and Olson, D.B. and Podestá, G. and Provost, C. and Garcon, V. and Memery, L. and Takahashi, T. and Piuola, A. and et al.}, year={1990}, month={Oct}, pages={1131–1133} }
 @inproceedings{forbes_leaman_brown_1990, title={Development of an Objective Analysis Technique for the Assimilation of GEOSAT altimeter data over the South Atlantic Ocean}, booktitle={International Symposium on Assimilation of Observations in Meteorology & Oceanography}, author={Forbes, C. and Leaman, K. and Brown, O.}, year={1990} }
 @inproceedings{mariano_brown_1990, title={Efficient Objective Analysis of Dynamically Heterogenous and Nonstationary Fields via the Parameter Matrix}, booktitle={International TOGA Scientific Conference}, author={Mariano, A.J. and Brown, O.B.}, year={1990} }
 @article{halpern_newman_zlotnicki_brown_wentz_1990, title={Monthly Mean Global Distributions of Sea Surface Temperature, Surface Wind Speed, and Sea Surface Height During 1988}, volume={71}, number={43}, journal={Eos Transactions}, author={Halpern, D. and Newman, J. and Zlotnicki, V. and Brown, O. and Wentz, F.}, year={1990}, pages={1387} }
 @inproceedings{cornillon_brown_evans_1990, title={Satellite-derived global sea surface temperature fields: 1982-1989}, volume={1300}, ISSN={0277-786X}, url={http://dx.doi.org/10.1117/12.21391}, DOI={10.1117/12.21391}, abstractNote={The SASWG [SST (Sea Surface Temperature) Archiving Science Working Group], formed in early 1987 by NASA and NOAA, suggested production of two classes of SST products to meet the needs of the scientific community: SST fields addressing the needs of feature-related studies, and SST values accompanied by ancillary spectral and geometric parameters addressing the needs of heat flux related studies. Following the recommendations of the SASWG, NASA identified a smaller group to define the steps required to produce the feature-related product and to begin execution of the first steps. The underlying assumption in beginning this effort was that the required fields could be produced, as suggested by the SASWG, from the global GAC (Global Area Coverage) AVHRR/2 data set that extends from June 1981 to present. In that interests within the terrestrial community for global vegetation maps using the portion of GAC data covering the continents could be met with the same data stream, NASA also suggested integrating the production of the feature-related SST fields and the vegetation index. The perceived benefit is that, in addition to making these fields available to the research scientists in both communities, the integration of the production of these fields will serve as an excellent prototype for the production of interdisciplinary fields that must be undertaken as part of NASA's EOS effort. This manuscript deals with considerations going into defining the feature-related products, the steps outlined for their actual production, and the progress made thus far.}, booktitle={SPIE Proceedings}, publisher={SPIE}, author={Cornillon, Peter C. and Brown, Otis B. and Evans, Robert H.}, editor={Smith, James A.Editor}, year={1990}, month={Dec}, pages={71–79} }
 @article{brown_evans_emmerson_1990, title={Spatial and Temporal Variability in the North Atlantic as Determined by NIMBUS-7 CZCS Pigment Observations}, volume={71}, number={2}, journal={Eos Transactions}, author={Brown, O.B. and Evans, R.H. and Emmerson, S.R.}, year={1990}, pages={120} }
 @article{deuser_muller-karger_evans_brown_esaias_feldman_1990, title={Surface Color and Deep Carbon Flux in the Sargasso Sea: Seven Years of Concurrent Data}, volume={7l}, number={2}, journal={Eos Transactions}, author={Deuser, W.G. and Muller-Karger, F.E. and Evans, R.H. and Brown, O.B. and Esaias, W.E. and Feldman, G.C.}, year={1990}, pages={120} }
 @article{deuser_muller-karger_evans_brown_esaias_feldman_1990, title={Surface-ocean color and deep-ocean carbon flux: how close a connection?}, volume={37}, ISSN={0198-0149}, url={http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0198-0149(90)90046-x}, DOI={10.1016/0198-0149(90)90046-X}, abstractNote={Abstract Seven years of simultaneous, quasi-continuous data collected by the Nimbus-7 Coastal Zone Color Scanner and by a deep-ocean sediment trap in the Sargasso Sea allow the derivation of empirical relationships between remotely sensed ocean color and the sinking of particulate carbon into the deep sea. In agreement with earlier observations, the results indicate a 1.5-month lag between surface-ocean events observed by the satellite and arrival of a record of those events, carried by sinking particles, at a depth of 3200 m. In addition, the results suggest that the sea-surface area most influential on particle-flux characteristics recorded by the sediment trap in the Sargasso Sea lies to the northeast of the trap's mooring site. The results point towards possible ways of quantifying the role of marine biota in the regulation of atmospheric carbon dioxide through use of satellite observations.}, number={8}, journal={Deep Sea Research Part A. Oceanographic Research Papers}, publisher={Elsevier BV}, author={Deuser, W.G. and Muller-Karger, F.E. and Evans, R.H. and Brown, O.B. and Esaias, W.E. and Feldman, G.C.}, year={1990}, month={Aug}, pages={1331–1343} }
 @article{podestá_brown_evans_mariano_1990, title={The Annual and Super-annual Patterns of Satellite-derived Sea Surface Temperatures in the Southwestern Atlantic Ocean}, volume={71}, number={17}, journal={Eos Transactions}, author={Podestá, G. and Brown, O.B. and Evans, R.H. and Mariano, A.}, year={1990}, pages={542} }
 @inproceedings{podestá_brown_evans_figueroa_forbes_olson_1989, title={Use of remote sensing techniques for the study of oceanic processes in the Southwestern Atlantic}, booktitle={Proceedings of Jornadas Nacionales de Ciencias del Mar}, author={Podestá, G. and Brown, O. and Evans, P. and Figueroa, H. and Forbes, C. and Olson, D.}, year={1989} }
 @article{gordon_brown_evans_brown_smith_baker_clark_1988, title={A semianalytic radiance model of ocean color}, volume={93}, ISSN={0148-0227}, url={http://dx.doi.org/10.1029/jd093id09p10909}, DOI={10.1029/jd093id09p10909}, abstractNote={A semianalytical radiance model is developed which predicts the upwelled spectral radiance at the sea surface as a function of the phytoplankton pigment concentration for Morel Case 1 waters. The model is in good agreement with experimental measurements carried out in waters which were not included in the data base used to derive it. It suggests that the observed variability in the radiance is due to variations in the backscattering of plankton and the associated detrital material. The model is extended to include other material in the water, such as dissolved organic material, referred to as yellow substances, and detached coccoliths from coccolithophorids, e.g., Emiliana huxleyi . Potential applications include an improved bio‐optical algorithm for the retrieval of pigment concentrations from satellite imagery in the presence of interference from detached coccoliths and an improved atmospheric correction for satellite imagery. The model also serves to identify and to interpret deviations from Case 1 waters.}, number={D9}, journal={Journal of Geophysical Research: Atmospheres}, publisher={American Geophysical Union (AGU)}, author={Gordon, Howard R. and Brown, Otis B. and Evans, Robert H. and Brown, James W. and Smith, Raymond C. and Baker, Karen S. and Clark, Dennis K.}, year={1988}, month={Sep}, pages={10909–10924} }
 @article{cornillon,_evans_brown_evans_eden_brown_1988, title={Correction to “Processing and analysis of large volumes of satellite‐derived thermal infrared data” by Peter Cornillon et al.}, volume={93}, ISSN={0148-0227}, url={http://dx.doi.org/10.1029/jc093ic05p05158}, DOI={10.1029/jc093ic05p05158}, abstractNote={Journal of Geophysical Research: OceansVolume 93, Issue C5 p. 5158-5158 CorrectionsFree Access Correction to “Processing and analysis of large volumes of satellite-derived thermal infrared data” by Peter Cornillon et al. This article corrects the following: Processing and analysis of large volumes of satellite-derived thermal infrared data Peter Cornillon, Craig Gilman, Lothar Stramma, Otis Brown, Robert Evans, James Brown, Volume 92Issue C12Journal of Geophysical Research: Oceans pages: 12993-13002 First Published online: September 20, 2012 First published: 15 May 1988 https://doi.org/10.1029/JC093iC05p05158AboutPDF ToolsRequest permissionExport citationAdd to favoritesTrack citation ShareShare Give accessShare full text accessShare full-text accessPlease review our Terms and Conditions of Use and check box below to share full-text version of article.I have read and accept the Wiley Online Library Terms and Conditions of UseShareable LinkUse the link below to share a full-text version of this article with your friends and colleagues. Learn more.Copy URL Share a linkShare onFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditWechat No abstract is available for this article. Volume93, IssueC515 May 1988Pages 5158-5158 RelatedInformation}, number={C5}, journal={Journal of Geophysical Research: Oceans}, publisher={American Geophysical Union (AGU)}, author={Cornillon,, P. and Evans, D. and Brown, O.B. and Evans, R. and Eden, P. and Brown, J.}, year={1988}, month={May}, pages={5158–5158} }
 @article{bane_brown_evans_hamilton_1988, title={Gulf Stream remote forcing of shelfbreak currents in the Mid‐Atlantic Bight}, volume={15}, ISSN={0094-8276 1944-8007}, url={http://dx.doi.org/10.1029/gl015i005p00405}, DOI={10.1029/GL015i005p00405}, abstractNote={The “Slope Sea” is a narrow band of ocean that lies between the Gulf Stream and the continental shelf edge in the Mid‐Atlantic Bight. It is composed primarily of slopewater, and a closed cyclonic gyre circulates within the upper few hundred meters of its western end. A two‐year time series of current measurements in this region has shown that the southwestward flowing shelfbreak currents along the shoreward flank of the gyre are directly related to the position of the Gulf Stream, which is typically some 150 to 300 km seaward of the shelfbreak. The mean monthly shelfbreak currents are strongest, towards the southwest at about 30–40 cm s −1 , when the Stream is within 150 km of the shelf edge, whereas those currents are close to zero when the Stream is about 300 km away.}, number={5}, journal={Geophysical Research Letters}, publisher={American Geophysical Union (AGU)}, author={Bane, John M., Jr. and Brown, Otis B. and Evans, Robert H. and Hamilton, Peter}, year={1988}, month={May}, pages={405–407} }
 @inproceedings{brown_evans_olson_1988, title={Height and Thermal Field Mesoscale Variability in the South Atlantic}, booktitle={ONR South Atlantic Accelerated Research Initiative (ARI), South Atlantic Section, SAARI Meeting Report}, author={Brown, O.B. and Evans, R. and Olson, D.}, year={1988}, pages={6,} }
 @article{cornillon_evans_brown_evans_eden_brown_1988, title={Processing, Compression and Transmission of Satellite IR Data for Near-Real-Time Use at Sea}, volume={5}, DOI={10.1175/1520-0426(1988)005<0320:pcatos>2.0.co;2}, abstractNote={A method for acquisition, processing and analysis of digital, satellite-derived SST fields on a research vessel at sea in near-real-time (within 10 h of the satellite pass) is discussed. Such imagery provides a general view of the SST field over a large area (700 × 900 km) centered on a 128 × 128 pixel, full-resolution view of the study area. The ability to send these images to the research vessel in a reasonable amount of time (about 1 h using ATS-3) was a result of a three-level approach to data compression. To perform data compression, first, the overall image was decimated by 2 while the central 128 × 128 pixel portion was retained in full resolution. Second, a 1-bit-deep cloud mask was derived from the image. Third, the remaining SST values were encoded as SST steps from the previous pixel on a given scan line. Overall, the data were reduced by 75%–80%. An error-correcting protocol KERMIT, was used to establish low error rate data communications through the ATS-3 VHF links. A moderate capability digital display unit facilitates display and manipulation of the resultant imagery.}, number={2}, journal={Journal of Atmospheric and Oceanic Technology}, publisher={American Meteorological Society}, author={Cornillon, Peter and Evans, David and Brown, Otis B. and Evans, Robert and Eden, Paul and Brown, James}, year={1988}, month={Apr}, pages={320–327} }
 @article{brown_1988, title={Space/time structure of western boundary current fronts: A global comparison}, volume={70}, number={15}, journal={Eos Transactions}, author={Brown, O.}, year={1988}, pages={360} }
 @article{olson_podestá_evans_brown_1988, title={Temporal variations in the separation of Brazil and Malvinas Currents}, volume={35}, ISSN={0198-0149}, url={http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0198-0149(88)90120-3}, DOI={10.1016/0198-0149(88)90120-3}, abstractNote={Abstract The separation of the Brazil and Malvinas (Falkland) Currents from the western boundary is explored with the use of satellite and drifter data. The location of the separation of these boundary currents from the continental margin over a multiyear period is determined by digitizing the crossing of the surface thermal front indicative of each feature with the 1000 m isobath. Three years (July 1984 to June 1987) of 1 km resolution AVHRR data collected by the Argentina Meteorological Service and 4 years of lower resolution Global Retrieval Tape (GRT) data were used to generate a total time series extending from November 1981 to June 1987; i.e. 5 1 2 years. The mean latitudes of separation from the shelf break are 35.8 ± 1.1° for the Brazil Current and 38.6 ± 0.9° for the Malvinas Current. The along-coast ranges of the separation positions, 930 and 850 km, respectively, are quite large relative to similar statistics for the Gulf Stream or Kuroshio. Observed temporal variability suggests cyclical excursions of the currents along the coast at semi-annual and annual periods, although there is considerable interannual variation in the signal. Drifter trajectories overlaid on satellite images demonstrate events associated with the annual transition in 1984–1985. Shorter time-scale perturbations in the currents' separation latitudes occur in the 30–60 day band, which corresponds to the mesoscale eddy field. The connection of the variation in the separation with various possible forcing mechanisms is briefly discussed, along with the problem of gaining a theoretical understanding of this dynamic situation. Finally, the extensions of the two currents into the South Atlantic interior are described statistically using the high resolution data set.}, number={12}, journal={Deep Sea Research Part A. Oceanographic Research Papers}, publisher={Elsevier BV}, author={Olson, Donald B. and Podestá, Guillermo P. and Evans, Robert H. and Brown, Otis B.}, year={1988}, month={Dec}, pages={1971–1990} }
 @inproceedings{olson_podestá_evans_brown_1988, title={Temporal variations in the separation of Brazil and Malvinas Currents}, booktitle={ONR South Atlantic Accelerated Research Initiative (ARI), South Atlantic Section, SAARI Meeting Report}, author={Olson, D. and Podestá, G. and Evans, R. and Brown, O.}, year={1988}, pages={37–38} }
 @inproceedings{podestá_brown_hoey_1988, title={The association between the distribution and abundance of swordfish (Xiphias gladius) and satellite-derived sea surface temperature fields off the northeastern United States}, booktitle={Inaugural Meeting of the Oceanography Society}, author={Podestá, G.P. and Brown, O.B. and Hoey, J.J.}, year={1988} }
 @misc{brown_1987, title={Book review of Introduction to Satellite Oceanography, by George Maul, Martinus Nijhoff Publishers, 1985}, volume={40}, number={2}, journal={Bulletin of Marine Science}, author={Brown, O.B.}, year={1987}, pages={389} }
 @article{olson_evans_brown_podestá_chassignet_1987, title={Long-Period Variations in the Western Boundary Current Systems in the South Atlantic}, volume={68}, number={16}, journal={Eos Transactions}, author={Olson, D.B. and Evans, R.E. and Brown, O.B. and Podestá, G. and Chassignet, E.P.}, year={1987}, pages={338} }
 @article{smith_brown_hoge_baker_evans_swift_esaias_1987, title={Multiplafform sampling (ship, aircraft, and satellite) of a Gulf Stream warm core ring}, volume={26}, ISSN={0003-6935 1539-4522}, url={http://dx.doi.org/10.1364/ao.26.002068}, DOI={10.1364/AO.26.002068}, abstractNote={The purpose of this paper is to demonstrate the ability to meet the need to measure distributions of physical and biological properties of the ocean over large areas synoptically and over long time periods by means of remote sensing utilizing contemporaneous buoy, ship, aircraft, and satellite (i.e., multiplatform) sampling strategies. A mapping of sea surface temperature and chlorophyll fields in a Gulf Stream warm core ring using the multiplatform approach is described. Sampling capabilities of each sensing system are discussed as background for the data collected by means of these three dissimilar methods. Commensurate space/time sample sets from each sensing system are compared, and their relative accuracies in space and time are determined. The three-dimensional composite maps derived from the data set provide a synoptic perspective unobtainable from single platforms alone.}, number={11}, journal={Applied Optics}, publisher={Optica Publishing Group}, author={Smith, Raymond C. and Brown, Otis B. and Hoge, Frank E. and Baker, Karen S. and Evans, Robert H. and Swift, Robert N. and Esaias, Wayne E.}, year={1987}, month={Jun}, pages={2068} }
 @inproceedings{brown_evans_carle_1987, title={Present capabilities for Global mapping of sea surface temperature}, volume={3}, booktitle={IUGG XIX General Assembly, Vancouver, Canada, Abstract}, author={Brown, O.B. and Evans, R.H. and Carle, H.M.}, year={1987}, pages={1002} }
 @article{cornillon_gilman_stramma_brown_evans_brown_1987, title={Processing and analysis of large volumes of satellite‐derived thermal infrared data}, volume={92}, ISSN={0148-0227}, url={http://dx.doi.org/10.1029/jc092ic12p12993}, DOI={10.1029/JC092iC12p12993}, abstractNote={Reducing the large volume of TIROS‐N series advanced very high resolution radiometer‐derived data to a practical size for application to regional physcial oceanographic studies is a formidable task. Such data exist on a global basis for January 1979 to the present at approximately 4‐km resolution (global area coverage data, ≈2 passes per day) and in selected areas at high resolution (local area coverage and high‐resolution picture transmission data, at ≈1‐km resolution) for the same period. An approach that has been successful for a number of studies off the east coast of the United States divided the processing into two procedures: preprocessing and data reduction. The preprocessing procedure can reduce the data volume per satellite pass by over 98% for full‐resolution data or by ≈84% for the lower‐resolution data while the number of passes remains unchanged. The output of the preprocessing procedure for the examples presented is a set of sea surface temperature (SST) fields of 512 × 1024 pixels covering a region of approximately 2000 × 4000 km. In the data reduction procedure the number of SST fields (beginning with one per satellite pass) is generally reduced to a number manageable from the analyst's perspective (of the order of one SST field per day). This is done in most of the applications presented by compositing the data into 1‐ or 2‐day groups. The phenomena readily addressed by such procedures are the mean position of the Gulf Stream, the envelope of Gulf Stream meandering, cold core Gulf Stream ring trajectories, statistics on diurnal warming, and the region and period of 18°C water formation. The flexibility of this approach to regional oceanographic problems will certainly extend the list of applications quickly.}, number={C12}, journal={Journal of Geophysical Research: Oceans}, publisher={American Geophysical Union (AGU)}, author={Cornillon, Peter and Gilman, Craig and Stramma, Lothar and Brown, Otis and Evans, Robert and Brown, James}, year={1987}, month={Nov}, pages={12993–13002} }
 @article{bane_brown_evans_hamilton_1987, title={Relationship between Gulf Stream position and shelfbreak currents in the Middle Atlantic Bight}, volume={68}, number={16}, journal={Eos Transactions}, author={Bane, J.M. and Brown, O. and Evans, R. and Hamilton, P.}, year={1987} }
 @inproceedings{brown_evans_1987, title={Sea-WIFS: An initiative for an ocean color sensor in 1990}, volume={3}, booktitle={IUGG XIX General Assembly, Vancouver, Canada, Abstracts}, author={Brown, O.B. and Evans, R.H.}, year={1987}, pages={1054} }
 @article{brown_1987, title={The Use of Satellite Observations in GOFS}, volume={68}, number={50}, journal={Eos Transactions}, author={Brown, O.B.}, year={1987}, pages={1703} }
 @misc{brown_1986, place={London}, title={Book Review of Elements of Dynamic Oceanography by David Tolmazin. Allen and Unwin, London, 1985: 195}, volume={38}, number={2}, journal={Bulletin of Marine Science}, publisher={Allen and Unwin}, author={Brown, O.B.}, year={1986}, pages={396} }
 @article{evans_olson_brown_1986, title={Brazil Current Confluence Variability}, volume={66}, number={51}, journal={Eos Transactions}, author={Evans, R.H. and Olson, D.B. and Brown, O.B.}, year={1986}, pages={1300} }
 @inproceedings{brown_1986, title={Eddy Resolving in Situ and Satellite Remote Sensing}, booktitle={Proceedings of the Ocean Prediction Workshop}, author={Brown, O.B.}, year={1986}, pages={235–242} }
 @article{brown_cornillon_emmerson_carle_1986, title={Gulf Stream warm rings: a statistical study of their behavior}, volume={33}, ISSN={0198-0149}, url={http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0198-0149(86)90062-2}, DOI={10.1016/0198-0149(86)90062-2}, abstractNote={A 10 year series of NOAA polar-orbiter satellite infrared-based determinations of Gulf Stream warm-core ring (WCR) locations, is used to derive mean loci, lifetime and size, and movement statistics in the Slope water region off the northeast United States east coast. This time series, produced by the NOAA/NMFS Atlantic Environmental Group, is validated against precision observations of WCR frontal loci by investigators at the Universities of Miami and Rhode Island: an r.m.s. error of ± 15 km in latitude and longitude between the two sets is determined. We find that the ensemble of WCR lifetime is bi-modal with the split at 140 days. Rings are formed with a semi-major axis of ≈75 km. Longer-lived rings show a reduction in size over their lifetime to ≈35 km, shorter-lived rings do not. Ring movement shows some dependence on location, but mean motions are never <1.6 cm s−1; averaged translation speed is 6.5 cm s−1. Longer-lived rings tend to be located farther away from the climatological Gulf Stream north wall than shorter-lived rings east of 66°W. The mean loci are compared with Warm Core Ring Experiment results for 82B. We find similar changes in track corresponding to topographic variation, similar translation speed, size, decrease in size over time, etc., leading us to conclude that the kinematics observed for 82B are representative of those for a long-lived warm-core ring.}, number={11-12}, journal={Deep Sea Research Part A. Oceanographic Research Papers}, publisher={Elsevier BV}, author={Brown, Otis B. and Cornillon, Peter C. and Emmerson, Steven R. and Carle, H.Mark}, year={1986}, month={Nov}, pages={1459–1473} }
 @article{olson_emmerson_carle_brown_evans_1986, title={Large-scale Surface Circulation in the South Atlantic from Satellite IR and Drifter Data}, volume={66}, number={51}, journal={Eos Transactions}, author={Olson, D.B. and Emmerson, S. and Carle, M. and Brown, O.B. and Evans, R.}, year={1986}, pages={1300} }
 @article{evans_brown_1986, title={Methodology for Acquisition and Analysis of Satellite Imagery}, volume={67}, number={44}, journal={Eos Transactions}, author={Evans, R.H. and Brown, O.B.}, year={1986}, pages={893} }
 @article{brown_1986, title={Regional Estimates of Surface Chlorophyll Variability Using NIMBUS-7 CZCS Color Imagery}, volume={66}, number={51}, journal={Eos Transactions}, author={Brown, O.B.}, year={1986}, pages={1275} }
 @inproceedings{brown_1986, title={Study of Seasonal to Interannual Sea Surface Temperature Variation in the Arabian Sea (1982-1985)}, booktitle={Proceedings of AIBS International Conference on Marine Science of the Arabian Sea}, author={Brown, O.B.}, year={1986} }
 @inproceedings{brown_carle_emmerson_1986, place={Washington, DC}, title={Study of Seasonal to Interannual Sea-surface Temperature Variation in the Arabian Sea (1982-1985)}, booktitle={Marine Science of the Arabian Sea, Proceedings of an International Conference}, publisher={American Institute of Biological Sciences}, author={Brown, O.B. and Carle, M. and Emmerson, S.R.}, editor={Thompson, M-F and Tirmizi,, N.M.Editors}, year={1986}, month={Mar} }
 @article{brown_evans_1986, title={Visible Remote Sensing of the Ocean: The present and the future}, volume={67}, number={44}, journal={Eos Transactions}, author={Brown, O.B. and Evans, R.H.}, year={1986}, pages={1055} }
 @book{olson_brown_evans_1986, place={Texas A&M}, title={WOCE Remote Sensing with Operational Systems, February 1986 World Ocean Circulation Experiment (WOCE)}, institution={WOCE Planning Office}, author={Olson, D.B. and Brown, O.B. and Evans, R.H.}, year={1986} }
 @article{brown_evans_olson_podestá_1985, title={A Satellite Infrared Survey of the Brazil/Falklands Confluence}, volume={66}, number={18}, journal={Eos Transactions}, author={Brown, O.B. and Evans, R.H. and Olson, D.B. and Podestá, G.}, year={1985}, pages={291} }
 @misc{brown_1985, title={Book Review of Remote Sensing Applications in Marine Science and Technology, NATO ASI Series C, 106, ed. A.P. Cracknell. D. Reidel Publishing Co., Dordrecht/Boston/Lancaster, 1983}, journal={AMS Bulletin}, author={Brown, O.B.}, year={1985}, month={May} }
 @article{brown_brown_evans_1985, title={Calibration of advanced very high resolution radiometer infrared observations}, volume={90}, ISSN={0148-0227}, url={http://dx.doi.org/10.1029/jc090ic06p11667}, DOI={10.1029/jc090ic06p11667}, abstractNote={A detailed analysis of the calibration procedures for the NOAA advanced very high resolution radiometer (AVHRR) based on thermal vacuum test data was performed as part of the Warm Core Rings Experiment. We find systematic differences in the derived calibration results and those reported in the various addenda to work by Lauritson et al. (1979). A weak, but important, dependence in calibration upon internal operating temperature is also observed. Calibration results for various AVHRR radiometers show instrument specific changes in the relative emittance between internal and external calibration targets. A consistent calibration methodology is developed based on this analysis of the thermal vacuum test data. Use of these new results provides an improvement of radiometer calibration at the ±0.2°C level. Such an improvement is quite important to the absolute accuracy of surface thermal fields which are derived from these data utilizing various multichannel atmospheric water vapor correction schemes. Demonstration of such accuracies with presently operational sensors is of importance to climate related studies being planned for the next decade since it shows that appropriate processing can lead to higher‐quality SST fields.}, number={C6}, journal={Journal of Geophysical Research: Oceans}, publisher={American Geophysical Union (AGU)}, author={Brown, Otis B. and Brown, James W. and Evans, Robert H.}, year={1985}, month={Nov}, pages={11667–11677} }
 @article{brown_brown_evans_1985, title={Calibration of advanced very high resolution radiometer infrared observations.}, volume={90}, url={http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?eid=2-s2.0-0022185970&partnerID=MN8TOARS}, number={C6}, journal={Journal of Geophysical Research}, author={Brown, O.B. and Brown, J.W. and Evans, R.H.}, year={1985} }
 @article{evans_baker_brown_smith_1985, title={Chronology of warm‐core ring 82B}, volume={90}, ISSN={0148-0227}, url={http://dx.doi.org/10.1029/jc090ic05p08803}, DOI={10.1029/jc090ic05p08803}, number={C5}, journal={Journal of Geophysical Research: Oceans}, publisher={American Geophysical Union (AGU)}, author={Evans, Robert H. and Baker, Karen S. and Brown, Otis B. and Smith, Raymond C.}, year={1985}, month={Sep}, pages={8803–8811} }
 @article{brown_evans_brown_gordon_smith_baker_1985, title={Phytoplankton Blooming Off the U.S. East Coast: A Satellite Description}, volume={229}, ISSN={0036-8075 1095-9203}, url={http://dx.doi.org/10.1126/science.229.4709.163}, DOI={10.1126/science.229.4709.163}, abstractNote={A "bloom" of near-surface phytoplankton occurs in the Atlantic Slope region of the western Atlantic Ocean off the U.S. East Coast in the spring. Satellite time series of sea-surface temperature and phytoplankton pigment concentration, derived from measurements of the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration NOAA-7 Advanced Very-High-Resolution Radiometer and the National Aeronautics and Space Administration Nimbus-7 Coastal Zone Color Scanner, respectively, give information on the spatial extent and temporal development of such a bloom for a 28-day period in April through May 1982. The phytoplankton concentration of the slope area is comparable to that of the Atlantic Shelf. Total primary productivity of the slope during this period is equivalent to that of the shelf. The primary productivity within a warm-core ring and in the Gulf Stream system is less by a factor of 2.}, number={4709}, journal={Science}, publisher={American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)}, author={Brown, O. B. and Evans, R. H. and Brown, J. W. and Gordon, H. R. and Smith, R. C. and Baker, K. S.}, year={1985}, month={Jul}, pages={163–167} }
 @article{brown_1985, title={Remote Sensing of Shelf Sea Hydrodynamics}, volume={66}, ISSN={0096-3941 2324-9250}, url={http://dx.doi.org/10.1029/eo066i034p00605-01}, DOI={10.1029/eo066i034p00605-01}, abstractNote={This volume, edited by Nihoul, is a collection of papers by participants in the 15th Liege Colloquium, held in 1983. Although the title is somewhat daunting, the premise is a good one, i.e., “What can one learn about the basic theory of shelf‐sea hydrodynamics by using remote sensing?” As with any such collection, some papers hit the mark (e.g., T. Nishimura et al., S. Onishi, and J. Witling), others give focus to the work (e.g., J. Nihoul, R. Pingree), while other work seems but distantly related to the subject at hand (e.g., the contributions of J. Gower and of S. Lin et al.). In the following review, I will try to give the reader a flavor for the volume's 18 sections. The book can be split into four themes: introduction to remote sensing, use of remote sensing and models, use of remote sensing to study oceanic variability, and optical oceanography.}, number={34}, journal={Eos, Transactions American Geophysical Union}, publisher={American Geophysical Union (AGU)}, author={Brown, Otis B.}, year={1985}, month={Aug}, pages={605–605} }
 @book{emmerson_brown_1984, title={NOAA AVHRR Data Digest, 15 February 1982 - 15 June 1983}, number={83017}, author={Emmerson, S.R. and Brown, O.B.}, year={1984}, month={Jun} }
 @article{joyce_backus_baker_blackwelder_brown_cowles_evans_fryxell_mountain_olson_et al._1984, title={Rapid evolution of a Gulf Stream warm-core ring}, volume={308}, ISSN={0028-0836 1476-4687}, url={http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/308837a0}, DOI={10.1038/308837a0}, number={5962}, journal={Nature}, publisher={Springer Science and Business Media LLC}, author={Joyce, Terrence and Backus, Richard and Baker, Karen and Blackwelder, Patricia and Brown, Otis and Cowles, Timothy and Evans, Robert and Fryxell, Greta and Mountain, David and Olson, Donald and et al.}, year={1984}, month={Apr}, pages={837–840} }
 @book{evans_baker_brown_smith_hooker_olson_1984, title={Satellite images of warm core ring 82-B sea surface temperature and a chronological record of major physical events affecting ring structure}, url={http://dx.doi.org/10.1575/1912/6873}, DOI={10.1575/1912/6873}, abstractNote={A chronology constructed from satellite-derived thermal imagery is presented to describe the formation and life history of warmccore ring 82-B.A comparison is made with warm-core ring 81-F in order to illustrate similarities that may be common to warm-core rings that traverse the region of the Slope Water occupied by 82-B.Particular attention is paid to discrete events identified from analysis of changes in the surface thermal field.Significant events include interactions between the ring and the Gulf Stream, warm (Gulf Stream) and cold (shelf) streamers and interaction with other vortices.The events are documented by following changes in ring size, shape, translation, and surface therma l structure.Obser vations determined from the infrared satellite imagery are supported by hydrography, acou :;tic velocity profiling and drifter trajectories.Please refer to Appendix IV, Ring Glossary, for definitions of ring terminology.}, publisher={Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution}, author={Evans, R. and Baker, Karen S. and Brown, O. and Smith, Raymond C. and Hooker, Stanford B. and Olson, D.}, year={1984} }
 @article{brown_evans_1984, title={Temperature and Chlorophyll Time Series of Warm Core Ring 82-B and its Surroundings}, volume={64}, number={52}, journal={Eos Transactions}, author={Brown, O.B. and Evans, R.H.}, year={1984}, pages={1082} }
 @article{brown_evans_cornillon_1984, title={Warm Core Ring Motion Statistics as Derived From Satellite Observation}, volume={65}, number={45}, journal={Eos Transactions}, author={Brown, O.B. and Evans, R.H. and Cornillon, P.}, year={1984}, pages={906} }
 @article{brown_brown_gordon_smith_baker_1983, title={A first attempt at construction of the seasonal variation of surface pigments off the U.S. east coast as deduced from NIMBUS-7 CZCS observations}, volume={64}, number={18}, journal={Eos Transactions}, author={Brown, O.B. and Brown, J. and Gordon, H. and Smith, R. and Baker, K.}, year={1983}, pages={234} }
 @article{brown_cheney_1983, title={Advances in satellite oceanography}, volume={21}, ISSN={8755-1209 1944-9208}, url={http://dx.doi.org/10.1029/rg021i005p01216}, DOI={10.1029/RG021i005p01216}, abstractNote={Progress has been made in the past four years by U.S. scientists in the development and application of active and passive satellite remote sensing techniques to the study of oceanic processes. This report summarizes technical advances and recent applications. Major advances have been made in developing and applying quantitative measurements from active and passive satellite based sensor systems launched in the late 1970's and that proven methodologies now exist to observe sea surface temperature, ocean elevation, ocean color, surface wind stress and waves, and to locate free drifting buoy data collection platforms. Many of the advances in technique and application have occurred using sensors which were experimental, i.e., not part of an operational satellite observing system. Consequently future geophysical application and development of advanced techniques to enhance our understanding of the ocean will probably be limited in the next five years by data availability rather than our knowledge of how to apply given satellite observations.}, number={5}, journal={Reviews of Geophysics}, publisher={American Geophysical Union (AGU)}, author={Brown, Otis B. and Cheney, Robert E.}, year={1983}, month={Jun}, pages={1216–1230} }
 @article{swallow_molinari_bruce_brown_evans_1983, title={Development of Near-Surface Flow Pattern and Water Mass Distribution in the Somali Basin in Response to the Southwest Monsoon of 1979}, volume={13}, DOI={10.1175/1520-0485(1983)013<1398:donsfp>2.0.co;2}, abstractNote={Near-surface observations of temperature, salinity and current are used to describe the seasonal reversal of the Somali Current during 1979, in response to the onset of the southwest monsoon winds. During April, prior to the reversal of the winds north of the equator, the northward flowing East African Coastal Current (EACC) and the southward flowing Somali Current (SC) converged near the equator. The EACC was characterized by surface waters with salinities less than 35.1%, and the SC by salinities greater than 35.3%. The winds reversed north of the equator during the first week of May, and the boundary current intruded in the form of an anticyclonic gyre to 2.5°N. Most of the low-salinity water was recirculated back south of the equator by the offshore limb of the gyre. It did not flow continuously at the surface into the eastward equatorial jet, which was present farther offshore during May and June. That current was fed by high-salinity water from the region to the north of the low-latitude gyre. Surface winds increased dramatically in early June; and subsequently, the gyre intruded farther north and east; recirculation southward across the equator was still observed. A second gyre spun up north of the southern feature, apparently in response to the increase in winds. During July and early August the southern gyre intruded farther north, the northern gyre intensified and the equatorial jet disappeared. The data are inadequate to resolve the rapid changes which occurred in late August. The net result was the replacement of the offshore flow between the equator and 5°N by onshore flow along the equator and advection of low-salinity water from south of the equator to 12°N. The observations are discussed in the context of model results and implications for the redistribution and modification of local water masses.}, number={8}, journal={Journal of Physical Oceanography}, publisher={American Meteorological Society}, author={Swallow, John C. and Molinari, Robert L. and Bruce, John G. and Brown, Otis B. and Evans, Robert H.}, year={1983}, month={Aug}, pages={1398–1415} }
 @article{olson_brown_emmerson_1983, title={Gulf Stream frontal statistics from Florida Straits to Cape Hatteras derived from satellite and historical data}, volume={88}, ISSN={0148-0227}, url={http://dx.doi.org/10.1029/jc088ic08p04569}, DOI={10.1029/jc088ic08p04569}, abstractNote={A 5 year record (1976–1980) of weekly Gulf Stream paths digitized from the U.S. Navy Ocean Frontal Analysis is analyzed to define a mean Gulf Stream path and weekly space‐time series of fluctuations about the mean between the Florida Straits and Cape Hatteras. This satellite‐derived Gulf Stream frontal mean locus is used as a natural coordinate system in which NODC historical expendable bathythermograph (XBT) data is averaged to determine the mean cross stream hermal structure. The results show that the satellite‐derived front; that is, the cold wall of the stream as derived from IR imagery is in good agreement with a classical definition of the stream path. The Gulf Stream path is discussed in relationship to the bottom topography. Frontal location time series at various locations along the Gulf Stream are analyzed to generate occupation statistics and spectra for stream position. A steady increase in the variance of stream position occurs from Cape Canaveral to the Charleston Bump. This trend is followed by a sharp increase in variance just downstream of the bump and then a gradual decay from approximately 33°N to Cape Hatteras. A similar distribution of variance is found in the depth of the 15°C isotherm. An annual signal is seen in the path data all along the U.S. east coast. The stream front north of Charleston (∼32°N) exhibits the strongest annual variation with the surface front being further offshore in the late winter and early spring. This annual signal is not obvious at the thermocline level (15°C). It is consistent, however, with observed shifts in the isotherm patterns in the upper 100 m.}, number={C8}, journal={Journal of Geophysical Research: Oceans}, publisher={American Geophysical Union (AGU)}, author={Olson, Donald B. and Brown, Otis B. and Emmerson, Steven R.}, year={1983}, month={May}, pages={4569–4577} }
 @article{gordon_brown_brown_evans_clark_1983, title={Nimbus 7 CZCS: Reduction of its radiometric sensitivity with time}, volume={22}, url={http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?eid=2-s2.0-0020892758&partnerID=MN8TOARS}, DOI={10.1364/AO.22.003929}, abstractNote={Get PDF Email Share Share with Facebook Tweet This Post on reddit Share with LinkedIn Add to CiteULike Add to Mendeley Add to BibSonomy Get Citation Copy Citation Text Howard R. Gordon, James W. Brown, Otis B. Brown, Robert H. Evans, and Dennis K. Clark, "Nimbus 7 CZCS: reduction of its radiometric sensitivity with time," Appl. Opt. 22, 3929-3931 (1983) Export Citation BibTex Endnote (RIS) HTML Plain Text Citation alert Save article}, number={24}, journal={Applied Optics}, publisher={The Optical Society}, author={Gordon, Howard R. and Brown, James W. and Brown, Otis B. and Evans, Robert H. and Clark, Dennis K.}, year={1983}, pages={3929–3931} }
 @article{brown_emmerson_olson_evans_wald_1983, title={Passive infrared sea-surface temperature observations}, volume={64}, number={18}, journal={Eos Transactions}, author={Brown, O.B. and Emmerson, S. and Olson, D. and Evans, R. and Wald, L.}, year={1983}, pages={231} }
 @article{gordon_clark_brown_brown_evans_broenkow_1983, title={Phytoplankton pigment concentrations in the Middle Atlantic Bight: comparison of ship determinations and CZCS estimates}, volume={22}, ISSN={0003-6935 1539-4522}, url={http://dx.doi.org/10.1364/ao.22.000020}, DOI={10.1364/ao.22.000020}, abstractNote={The processing algorithms used for relating the apparent color of the ocean observed with the Coastal-Zone Color Scanner on Nimbus-7 to the concentration of phytoplankton pigments (principally the pigment responsible for photosynthesis, chlorophyll a) are developed and discussed in detail. These algorithms are applied to the shelf and slope waters of the Middle Atlantic Bight and also to Sargasso Sea waters. In all, four images are examined, and the resulting pigment concentrations are compared to continuous measurements made along ship tracks. The results suggest that over the 0.08-1.5-mg/m3 range the error in the retrieved pigment concentration is of the order of 30-40% for a variety of atmospheric turbidities. In three direct comparisons between ship-measured and satellite-retrieved values of the water-leaving radiance the atmospheric correction algorithm retrieved the water-leaving radiance with an average error of approximately 10%. This atmospheric correction algorithm does not require any surface measurements for its application.}, number={1}, journal={Applied Optics}, publisher={Optica Publishing Group}, author={Gordon, Howard R. and Clark, Dennis K. and Brown, James W. and Brown, Otis B. and Evans, Robert H. and Broenkow, William W.}, year={1983}, month={Jan}, pages={20} }
 @article{brown_olson_brown_evans_1983, title={Satellite infrared observations of the kinematics of a warm-core ring}, volume={34}, ISSN={1323-1650}, url={http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/mf9830535}, DOI={10.1071/MF9830535}, abstractNote={Detailed satellite observations of anticyclonic ring 81-D interacting with the Gulf Stream were collected as part of the August-September 1981 Warm Core Rings Experiment. Position of the ring centre, magnitude of the semimajor and semiminor axes and orientation are computed for 42 atmospherically corrected satellite images taken over a 2-month period in August, September and October 1981. Ring interaction with the Gulf Stream causes marked changes in shape, size, orientation and location of the ring. A longer history of 81-D is determined by using National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration Gulf Stream analyses. Results of this analysis when compared with the precision estimates obtained above show good agreement in east-west location but relatively poorer correspondence in north-south position. Mean westward translation speeds are found for several rings to be ~0.05 m s-1. Steady westward translation is punctuated by periods of Gulf Stream interaction when a ring is observed to remain either stationary or propagate eastward with the mean Gulf Stream. Ring asymmetries of two types are noted. The first occurs when the ring is outside of the direct influence of the Gulf Stream. During these periods, the ring exhibits a spatially fixed or slowly counter- rotating mode, which is either D-shaped or elliptical. During interaction with the Gulf Stream, a more elliptical asymmetry, which rotates rapidly with the anticyclonic flow around the ring, is observed.}, number={4}, journal={Marine and Freshwater Research}, publisher={CSIRO Publishing}, author={Brown, OB and Olson, DB and Brown, JW and Evans, RH}, year={1983}, pages={535} }
 @inproceedings{baker_smith_brown_brown_evans_1983, title={Ship and satellite chlorophyll observations in Gulf Stream Warm Core Ring 82-B and its environs}, booktitle={IUGG 18th General Assembly}, author={Baker, K.S. and Smith, R.C. and Brown, O.B. and Brown, J.W. and Evans, R.H.}, year={1983} }
 @book{emmerson_brown_brown_evans_1983, title={Warm Core Rings Experiment Cruise 3, NOAA AVHRR Imagery Digest, 16 May 82 - 8 July 82}, number={83011}, author={Emmerson, S.R. and Brown, J.W. and Brown, O.B. and Evans, R.H.}, year={1983} }
 @book{emmerson_brown_brown_evans_1983, title={Warm Core Rings Experiment Cruise 4, NOAA AVHRR Imagery Digest, 9 July 82 - 2 Sept. 82}, number={83010}, author={Emmerson, S.R. and Brown, J.W. and Brown, O.B. and Evans, R.H.}, year={1983} }
 @book{brown_evans_1982, place={Dania, FL}, title={Evolution of sea surface temperature patterns in the Somali Basin}, journal={Recent Progress in Equatorial Oceanography (A report of the final meeting of SCOR Working Group 47 in Venice, Italy, April 27-30, 1981}, institution={Nova University Ocean Sciences Center/N.Y.I.T. Press}, author={Brown, O.B. and Evans, R.H.}, editor={McCreary, J.P., Jr. and Moore, D.W. and Witte, J.M.Editors}, year={1982}, pages={387–392} }
 @book{emmerson_brown_1982, title={Gulf Stream Frontal Climatology Analysis, 19 May 1976 - 25 December 1980}, number={82004}, author={Emmerson, S.R. and Brown, O.B.}, year={1982}, month={May} }
 @inproceedings{olson_brown_emmerson_1982, place={Chapel Hill, NC}, title={Gulf Stream frontal statistics from Florida Straits to Cape Hatteras derived from satellite and historical data}, booktitle={Proceedings, Workshop on Gulf Stream Structure and Variability}, publisher={University of North Carolina}, author={Olson, D.B. and Brown, O.B. and Emmerson, S.R.}, year={1982}, pages={278–301} }
 @article{brown_olson_evans_brown_1982, title={Kinematics of Gulf Stream warm core rings}, volume={63}, number={3}, journal={Eos Transactions}, author={Brown, J.W. and Olson, D.B. and Evans, R.H. and Brown, O.B.}, year={1982}, pages={51} }
 @article{brown_emmerson_1982, title={SST interannual variability in the Arabian Sea}, volume={63}, number={18}, journal={Eos Transactions}, author={Brown, O.B. and Emmerson, S.R.}, year={1982}, pages={360} }
 @article{brown_1982, title={Satellite infrared observation of warm core rings - a tool for kinematic description}, volume={63}, number={45}, journal={Eos Transactions}, author={Brown, O.B.}, year={1982}, pages={994} }
 @article{brown_evans_brown_1982, title={Satellite infrared remote sensing: an overview and some applications}, volume={63}, number={18}, journal={Eos Transactions}, author={Brown, O.B. and Evans, R.H. and Brown, J.W.}, year={1982}, pages={354} }
 @article{gordon_clark_brown_brown_evans_1982, title={Satellite measurement of the phytoplankton pigment concentration in the surface waters of a warm core Gulf Stream ring.}, volume={40}, url={http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?eid=2-s2.0-0020428674&partnerID=MN8TOARS}, number={2}, journal={Journal of Marine Research}, author={Gordon, H.R. and Clark, D.K. and Brown, J.W. and Brown, O.B. and Evans, R.H.}, year={1982}, pages={491–502} }
 @article{olson_brown_emmerson_1982, title={Study of Gulf Stream variability utilizing satellite and historical data}, volume={63}, number={18}, journal={Eos Transactions}, author={Olson, D.B. and Brown, O.B. and Emmerson, S.R.}, year={1982}, pages={362} }
 @article{smith_brown_brown_evans_baker_star_1982, title={The dynamics of chlorophyll in warm core rings as determined using complementary ship and satellite data}, volume={63}, number={45}, journal={Eos Transactions}, author={Smith, R.C. and Brown, O.B. and Brown, J.W. and Evans, R.H. and Baker, K.S. and Star, J.L.}, year={1982}, pages={958} }
 @article{brown_evans_1982, title={Visible and infrared satellite remote sensing: A status report}, volume={29}, journal={Naval Research Reviews}, author={Brown, O.B. and Evans, R.H.}, year={1982}, pages={7–25} }
 @book{brown_brown_emmerson_evans_1982, title={Warm Core Rings Experiment Cruise I, NIMBUS CZCS Imagery Digest, 15 August 81 - 14 October 81}, number={81005}, author={Brown, O.B. and Brown, J.W. and Emmerson, S.R. and Evans, R.H.}, year={1982} }
 @book{brown_brown_baker_fahy_emmerson_evans_1982, title={Warm Core Rings Experiment Cruise II, NOAA AVHRR Imagery Digest, April 1982 - 13 May 1982}, number={82005}, author={Brown, O.B. and Brown, J.W. and Baker, K.S. and Fahy, J.B. and Emmerson, S.R. and Evans, R.H.}, year={1982}, month={Apr} }
 @book{brown_brown_baker_fahy_emmerson_evans_1982, title={Warm Core Rings Experiment Cruise II, Nimbus-7 CZCS Imagery Digest, 5 April 1982 - 15 May 1982}, number={82006}, author={Brown, O.B. and Brown, J.W. and Baker, K.S. and Fahy, J.B. and Emmerson, S.R. and Evans, R.H.}, year={1982}, month={Apr} }
 @book{emmerson_brown_brown_evans_1982, title={Warm Core Rings Experiment Cruise V, NOAA AVHRR Imagery Digest, 3 September 1982 - 25 October 1982}, number={82007}, author={Emmerson, S.R. and Brown, J.W. and Brown, O.B. and Evans, R.H.}, year={1982}, month={Sep} }
 @misc{brown_evans_1981, title={Interannual Variability of Arabian Sea Surface Temperature}, ISBN={9781461333173 9781461333159}, url={http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4613-3315-9_17}, DOI={10.1007/978-1-4613-3315-9_17}, journal={Oceanography from Space}, publisher={Springer US}, author={Brown, Otis B. and Evans, Robert H.}, year={1981}, pages={135–143} }
 @book{brown_schott_1981, title={MONEX oceanographic observations along the East African coast.}, url={http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?eid=2-s2.0-0019647643&partnerID=MN8TOARS}, journal={Proc. international conference on early results on FGGE and large-scale aspects of its monsoon experiment, Tallahassee, FL, Jan 1981, (World Meteorological Organization, Geneva)}, author={Brown, O.B. and Schott, F.}, year={1981} }
 @article{evans_brown_1981, title={Propagation of thermal fronts in the somali current system}, volume={28}, ISSN={0198-0149}, url={http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0198-0149(81)90142-4}, DOI={10.1016/0198-0149(81)90142-4}, abstractNote={Surface ship-of-opportunity and satellite remotely sensed sea-surface temperature (SST) data were obtained during the mature phase of the Southwest Monsoon in the north-western Indian Ocean for the years 1976–1979. Large wedge-like areas of upwelled water are observed at 5°N and 10°N after Somali Current spinup, indicative of a two-gyre circulation in the Somali Current system. Several months later the southern separation region is observed to translate poleward (5–75 cm/s) in three of the four years. This translation occurs in several distinct phases over a one-month interval with the southern wedge eventually coalescing with the northern wedge between 8 and 10°N (1976, 1979). (In 1978 the northern wedge translated past Socotra and dissipated in the Arabian Sea). The thermal signature of the “new” northern wedge becomes indistinct over a period of two to three months later.}, number={5}, journal={Deep Sea Research Part A. Oceanographic Research Papers}, publisher={Elsevier BV}, author={Evans, Robert H. and Brown, Otis B.}, year={1981}, month={May}, pages={521–527} }
 @book{brown_brown_emmerson_evans_1981, title={Warm Core Rings Experiment Cruise I, NOAA AVHRR Imagery Digest, 17 August 81 - 16 October 81}, number={81004}, author={Brown, O.B. and Brown, J.W. and Emmerson, S.R. and Evans, R.H.}, year={1981} }
 @article{brown_evans_1980, title={Evidence for zonally-trapped propagating waves in the eastern atlantic from satellite sea surface temperature observations}, volume={18}, ISSN={0006-8314 1573-1472}, url={http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/bf00121321}, DOI={10.1007/BF00121321}, number={2}, journal={Boundary-Layer Meteorology}, publisher={Springer Science and Business Media LLC}, author={Brown, Otis B. and Evans, Robert H.}, year={1980}, month={Mar}, pages={145–157} }
 @article{brown_bruce_evans_1980, title={Evolution of Sea Surface Temperature in the Somali Basin During the Southwest Monsoon of 1979}, volume={209}, ISSN={0036-8075 1095-9203}, url={http://dx.doi.org/10.1126/science.209.4456.595}, DOI={10.1126/science.209.4456.595}, abstractNote={Satellite and research vessel observations of sea surface temperature during the southwest monsoon of 1979 show the development of large wedge-shaped areas of cold water along the Somali coast at both 5 degrees and 10 degrees N during June and July. The cold water associated with the large northern and southern Somali eddy systems could be traced several hundred kilometers offshore. By late August the cold wedge at 5 degrees N translated northeastward as far as 10 degrees N at speeds of 15 to 30 centimeters per second, indicating a coalescence of the systems.}, number={4456}, journal={Science}, publisher={American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)}, author={Brown, O. B. and Bruce, J. G. and Evans, R. H.}, year={1980}, month={Aug}, pages={595–597} }
 @article{brown_evans_1980, title={Interannual variability of the Somali Current system during the summer monsoon}, volume={61}, number={32}, journal={Eos Transactions}, author={Brown, O.B. and Evans, R.H.}, year={1980}, pages={574} }
 @inbook{brown_1980, title={OBSERVATION OF LONG PERIOD SEA SURFACE TEMPERATURE VARIABILITY DURING GATE}, ISBN={9781483283661}, url={http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/b978-1-4832-8366-1.50024-8}, DOI={10.1016/B978-1-4832-8366-1.50024-8}, abstractNote={—Current meter observations in the equatorial Atlantic during GATE yielded a temporal spectrum rich in longer period (< 1 week) variability. Observation siting does not permit generation of accurate spatial scales. A method is developed which yields the time and space scales as well as the phase sense for equatorial disturbances from sea surface temperature observations. The method is based on performing a two-dimensional (longitude, time) auto-covariance calculation on latitude sections of sea surface temperature obtained during GATE from satellite and ship platforms. Observations at 3 N show considerable variability with spatial-temporal scales attributable to equatorially trapped phenomena. Time series as determined from concurrent current meter observations along the meridians of 10, 20 and 23.5°W agree well with the periodicities derived from sea surface temperature. The most pronounced variability in the sea surface temperature along 3°N occurs at periods of about one month. This is interpreted as a meridional motion of the South Equatorial Current – North Equatorial Counter current sea surface temperature front. Typical parameters for this north-south motion of the sea surface temperature front (separating the South Equatorial Current and the North Equatorial Countercurrent) east of 20°W are ±.5° C temperature, ±.75° latitude; 33 ± 2 days period, 1000 ± 200 km wavelength for westward phase propagation and 25 ± 3 days period, 1400 ± 300 km wavelength for eastward phase propagation.}, booktitle={Oceanography and Surface Layer Meteorology in the B/C Scale}, publisher={Elsevier}, author={Brown, Otis B.}, year={1980}, pages={103–124} }
 @book{brown_duing_evans_1979, title={INDEX 1979 physical-oceanographic observations off the Somali Coast during 1979 made aboard R/V COLUMBUS ISELIN}, number={TR 79-5}, author={Brown, O.B. and Duing, W. and Evans, R.}, year={1979} }
 @article{brown_1979, title={Observation of long period variability during GATE}, volume={59}, number={4}, journal={Eos Transactions}, author={Brown, O.B.}, year={1979}, pages={300} }
 @inproceedings{brown_evans_1978, title={Design and implementation of a software analysis system for support of oceanographic data and satellite image processing}, booktitle={Proceedings of Second Working Conference on Oceanographic Data System, WHOI}, author={Brown, O.B. and Evans, R.}, year={1978}, pages={305–317} }
 @inproceedings{brown_evans_1978, title={Processing NOAA VHRR infrared data for geophysical applications}, booktitle={Proceedings of Second Working Conference on Oceanographic Data Systems. WHOI}, author={Brown, O.B. and Evans, R.}, year={1978}, pages={28–48} }
 @misc{brown_1978, title={Review of Marine Optics, by N.G. Jerlov}, volume={28}, number={2}, journal={Bulletin of Marine Science}, author={Brown, O.B.}, year={1978}, pages={391–392} }
 @inproceedings{brown_eden_evans_1978, title={Shipboard Satellite Communications: A Progress Report}, booktitle={Proceedings of Second Working Conference on Oceanographic Data Systems. WHOI}, author={Brown, O.B. and Eden, P. and Evans, R.}, year={1978}, pages={186–204} }
 @book{brown_duing_evans_1977, title={A current profiling survey in the Straits of Sicily}, number={75-TMPC-04}, author={Brown, O.B. and Duing, W. and Evans, R.}, year={1977} }
 @book{brown_1977, place={Geneva, Switzerland}, title={Large-scale equatorial surface thermal anomalies as observed by the GOES satellite}, journal={The GARP Atlantic Tropical Experiment (GATE). Report of the International Workshop on the GATE Equatorial Experiment}, institution={International Council of Science Unions. World Meteorological Organization}, author={Brown, O.B.}, year={1977}, month={Feb}, pages={1.2–1.11} }
 @inproceedings{brown_evans_1977, place={Madison}, title={Oceanographic applications of satellite image enhancement systems}, booktitle={Interactive Video Displays for Atmospheric Studies. Proceedings of a Workshop at the Univ. of Wisconsin}, author={Brown, O.B. and Evans, R.}, year={1977}, pages={57–70} }
 @inproceedings{evans_brown_1977, place={Madison}, title={The solid state color image display system used at the Univ. of Miami}, booktitle={Interactive Video Displays for Atmospheric Studies. Proceedings of a Workshop at the Univ. of Wisconsin}, author={Evans, R. and Brown, O.B.}, year={1977}, pages={121–132} }
 @book{brown_duing_evans_1976, title={A current profiling survey in the Straits of Sicily}, author={Brown, O.B. and Duing, W. and Evans, R.}, year={1976} }
 @article{gordon_brown_1975, title={A multi-phase Monte Carlo technique for simulation of radiative transfer}, volume={15}, ISSN={0022-4073}, url={http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0022-4073(75)90060-6}, DOI={10.1016/0022-4073(75)90060-6}, abstractNote={Evidence is presented which shows that the transfer of radiation in a set of homogeneous scattering atmospheres, characterized by different phase functions but the same value of ωo, can be simultaneously simulated with Monte Carlo techniques in a single computer run. Furthermore, it is shown that the computation time increases very slowly with the number of phase functions processed.}, number={5}, journal={Journal of Quantitative Spectroscopy and Radiative Transfer}, publisher={Elsevier BV}, author={Gordon, Howard R. and Brown, Otis B.}, year={1975}, month={May}, pages={419–422} }
 @article{gordon_brown_jacobs_1975, title={Computed Relationships Between the Inherent and Apparent Optical Properties of a Flat Homogeneous Ocean}, volume={14}, ISSN={0003-6935 1539-4522}, url={http://dx.doi.org/10.1364/ao.14.000417}, DOI={10.1364/AO.14.000417}, abstractNote={Monte Carlo simulations of the transfer of radiation in the ocean are used to compute the apparent optical properties of a flat homogeneous ocean as a function of the inherent optical properties. The data are used to find general relationships between the inherent and apparent optical properties for optical depths τ ≤ 4. The results indicate that the apparent optical properties depend on the phase function only through the back scattering probability. It is shown that these relations can be used with measurements of the upwelling and downwelling irradiance, the beam attenuation coefficient, and the incident radiance distribution to determine the absorption coefficient, the scattering coefficient, and the backward and forward scattering probabilities.}, number={2}, journal={Applied Optics}, publisher={Optica Publishing Group}, author={Gordon, Howard R. and Brown, Otis B. and Jacobs, Michael M.}, year={1975}, month={Feb}, pages={417} }
 @inproceedings{brown_evans_van leer_1975, title={Computers at sea: is satellite communication a viable alternative?}, booktitle={Working Conference on Oceanographic Data Systems. WHOI, Woods Hole, MA. Proceedings, UNOLS}, author={Brown, O.B. and Evans, R.H. and Van Leer, J.C.}, year={1975}, pages={81} }
 @article{gordon_brown_1975, title={Diffuse reflectance of the ocean: some effects of vertical structure}, volume={14}, ISSN={0003-6935 1539-4522}, url={http://dx.doi.org/10.1364/ao.14.002892}, DOI={10.1364/AO.14.002892}, abstractNote={Monte Carlo computations of the diffuse reflectance of an ocean consisting of two homogeneous layers with differing optical properties are presented, along with a simplified method of computation that uses results of previous Monte Carlo simulations. It is demonstrated that it is impossible to distinguish between thin layers of strong scattering and thick layers of weak scattering through measurement of the diffuse reflectance. Analyzing the two-layer reflectance under the assumption of a homogeneous ocean yields an optical property that is shown to be nearly the average of the associated property over the penetration depth of the medium, i.e., the depth over which the downwelling irradiance falls to 1/e of its value at the surface.}, number={12}, journal={Applied Optics}, publisher={The Optical Society}, author={Gordon, Howard R. and Brown, Otis B.}, year={1975}, month={Dec}, pages={2892} }
 @article{brown_gordon_1974, title={Comparison between the diffuse reflectance of homogeneous and two-layer oceans}, volume={55}, journal={Eos Transactions}, author={Brown, O.B. and Gordon, H.R.}, year={1974}, pages={287} }
 @book{brown_1974, title={GARP/GATE Report No. 14, Preliminary scientific results}, volume={1}, journal={GARP Atlantic Tropical Experiment}, author={Brown, O.B.}, year={1974}, pages={33–337} }
 @article{gordon_brown_1974, title={Influence of Bottom Depth and Albedo on the Diffuse Reflectance of a Flat Homogeneous Ocean}, volume={13}, ISSN={0003-6935 1539-4522}, url={http://dx.doi.org/10.1364/ao.13.002153}, DOI={10.1364/AO.13.002153}, abstractNote={The influence of the bottom albedo on the diffuse reflectance of a flat, homogeneous ocean is computed as a function of bottom depth and albedo for three oceanic scattering phase functions and several values of omega(0). The results show that the bottom can have a large effect on the reflectivity, especially for small optical depths. When combined with the observed optical properties of clear natural water, the calculations are shown to be in good agreement with the observed dependence of in-water nadir radiance spectra, with depth. The apparent independence of the reflectance on the mode of illumination observed earlier for the infinitely deep ocean is found to be invalid for a shallow ocean. The effect of departures of the bottom law of diffuse reflectance from Lambertian is investigated and shown to be considerable in some cases.}, number={9}, journal={Applied Optics}, publisher={Optica Publishing Group}, author={Gordon, Howard R. and Brown, Otis B.}, year={1974}, month={Sep}, pages={2153} }
 @book{brown_voight_1974, title={Meander motions in the Equatorial Atlantic}, author={Brown, O.B. and Voight, K.}, year={1974} }
 @article{brown_gordon_jacobs_1974, title={Semi-empirical relations between the inherent and apparent optical properties of the ocean}, volume={55}, journal={Eos Transactions}, author={Brown, O.B. and Gordon, H.R. and Jacobs, M.M.}, year={1974}, pages={289} }
 @article{brown_gordon_1974, title={Size–Refractive Index Distribution of Clear Coastal Water Particulates from Light Scattering}, volume={13}, ISSN={0003-6935 1539-4522}, url={http://dx.doi.org/10.1364/ao.13.002874}, DOI={10.1364/AO.13.002874}, abstractNote={Simultaneous measurements of the size distribution and volume scattering function of particles in clear coastal water are used to estimate a particle size-refractive index distribution. Various possibilities of the refractive index distribution and the observed particle distribution are studied systematically using Mie theory. The resulting model has minerals in mid-sizes and organic material in large and small sizes, but does not yield the correct dependence of scattering on wavelength. By assuming the existence of minerals or organics in sizes too small to be measured by the particle counter, two other models are developed, both of which yield acceptable wavelength dependence of scattering. The results of the three models are combined to provide limits on the size-refractive index distribution of the particles. Within these limits, volume scattering functions computed for the particles show good agreement with the measurements.}, number={12}, journal={Applied Optics}, publisher={Optica Publishing Group}, author={Brown, Otis B. and Gordon, Howard R.}, year={1974}, month={Dec}, pages={2874} }
 @phdthesis{a study of light-scattering by ocean borne particulates_1973, year={1973}, month={May} }
 @article{brown_gordon_1973, title={Comment on “Method for the determination of the index of refraction of particles suspended in the ocean”*}, volume={63}, ISSN={0030-3941}, url={http://dx.doi.org/10.1364/josa.63.001616}, DOI={10.1364/josa.63.001616}, abstractNote={Get PDF Email Share Share with Facebook Tweet This Post on reddit Share with LinkedIn Add to CiteULike Add to Mendeley Add to BibSonomy Get Citation Copy Citation Text Otis B. Brown and Howard R. Gordon, "Comment on “Method for the determination of the index of refraction of particles suspended in the ocean”*," J. Opt. Soc. Am. 63, 1616-1617 (1973) Export Citation BibTex Endnote (RIS) HTML Plain Text Citation alert Save article}, number={12}, journal={Journal of the Optical Society of America}, publisher={Optica Publishing Group}, author={Brown, Otis B. and Gordon, Howard R.}, year={1973}, month={Dec}, pages={1616} }
 @article{gordon_brown_1973, title={Irradiance Reflectivity of a Flat Ocean as a Function of Its Optical Properties}, volume={12}, ISSN={0003-6935 1539-4522}, url={http://dx.doi.org/10.1364/ao.12.001549}, DOI={10.1364/AO.12.001549}, abstractNote={The radiative transfer equation has been solved by a Monte Carlo technique for a flat homogeneous ocean with two different incident radiance distributions. The irradiance reflectivity R for photons that penetrate the ocean is presented as a function of the single scattering albedo ω0, and the scattering phase function P(θ) of the medium. The P(θ)’s used are based on experimental observations. The results clearly show that R depends strongly on both ω0 and P(θ) but apparently not on the form of the incident radiance distribution. Arguments are presented to show that in clearest ocean water the upwelling field above the surface can provide information only about the upper 25 m of the medium.}, number={7}, journal={Applied Optics}, publisher={Optica Publishing Group}, author={Gordon, Howard R. and Brown, Otis B.}, year={1973}, month={Jul}, pages={1549} }
 @article{brown_gordon_1973, title={Irradiance reflectivity in and above a homogeneous ocean}, volume={54}, number={4}, journal={Eos Transactions}, author={Brown, O.B. and Gordon, H.R.}, year={1973}, pages={317} }
 @article{brown_gordon_1973, title={Light scattering in the Florida Straits}, volume={54}, number={4}, journal={Eos Transactions}, author={Brown, O.B. and Gordon, H.R.}, year={1973}, pages={311} }
 @article{brown_gordon_1973, title={Two Component Mie Scattering Models of Sargasso Sea Particles}, volume={12}, ISSN={0003-6935 1539-4522}, url={http://dx.doi.org/10.1364/ao.12.002461}, DOI={10.1364/AO.12.002461}, abstractNote={The volume scattering function is calculated for particle suspensions consisting of two components systematically distributed in a manner consistent with Coulter Counter observations in the Sargasso Sea. The components are assigned refractive indices 1.01-0.01i and 1.15 to represent organic and inorganic particles, respectively. The only models found that reproduce observed scattering functions require a considerable fraction of the suspended particle volume to be organic in nature. This fraction, however, contributes less than 10% to the total scattering function. The model finally chosen indicates that the inorganic particles smaller than 2.5 micro do not occur in large enough concentrations to have a significant effect on the volume scattering function.}, number={10}, journal={Applied Optics}, publisher={Optica Publishing Group}, author={Brown, Otis B. and Gordon, Howard R.}, year={1973}, month={Oct}, pages={2461} }
 @article{gordon_brown_1972, title={A THEORETICAL MODEL OF LIGHT SCATTERING BY SARGASSO SEA PARTICULATES}, volume={17}, ISSN={0024-3590 1939-5590}, url={http://dx.doi.org/10.4319/lo.1972.17.6.0826}, DOI={10.4319/lo.1972.17.6.0826}, abstractNote={Mie light‐scattering theory is applied to particles suspended in Sargasso Sea water to estimate their refractive index. The average index m * = 1.05−0.01 i relative to water, when combined with a size distribution consistent with observation, reproduces the experimental volume‐scattering function at 632.8 nm with an average error of about 20%. A simple two species model is developed to demonstrate that the above index implies a significant portion of the suspended particulates is organic in nature.}, number={6}, journal={Limnology and Oceanography}, publisher={Wiley}, author={Gordon, Howard R. and Brown, Otis B.}, year={1972}, month={Nov}, pages={826–832} }
 @inproceedings{gordon_brown_1972, place={Boston, MA}, title={Immersion Corrections for the Eppley Underwater Pyranometer}, booktitle={Conference on Atmospheric Radiation}, publisher={AMS}, author={Gordon, H.R. and Brown, O.B.}, year={1972}, pages={163} }
 @article{brown_gordon_1972, title={Multicomponent models of light scattering by ocean particles}, volume={53}, number={4}, journal={Eos Transactions}, author={Brown, O.B. and Gordon, H.R.}, year={1972}, pages={400} }
 @article{bader_gordon_brown_1972, title={Theory of Coincidence Counts and Simple Practical Methods of Coincidence Count Correction for Optical and Resistive Pulse Particle Counters}, volume={43}, ISSN={0034-6748 1089-7623}, url={http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.1685455}, DOI={10.1063/1.1685455}, abstractNote={The exact equation for primary coincidence count correction is derived, and it is shown that secondary coincidence correction can be calculated with an accuracy depending only on statistical counting errors. A coincidence correction equation is developed in the form of a series of unknown terms, but of known structure. The unknown terms can be eliminated by solving simultaneous equations obtained by counts after dilution of the gas or liquid sample containing particles in suspension, or by counts on the undiluted fluid by varying the size of the instrument sensing volume. These methods suggest useful improvements in the construction and use of particle counters.}, number={10}, journal={Review of Scientific Instruments}, publisher={AIP Publishing}, author={Bader, Henri and Gordon, Howard R. and Brown, Otis B.}, year={1972}, month={Oct}, pages={1407–1412} }
 @article{brown_gordon_1971, title={Small angle mie scattering calculations for low index hydrosols}, volume={61}, journal={Journal Optical Society of America}, author={Brown, O.B. and Gordon, H.R.}, year={1971}, pages={599} }
 @article{gordon_smith_brown_1971, title={Spectra of underwater light field fluctuations in the photic zone}, volume={21}, number={2}, journal={Bull. Mar. Sci.}, author={Gordon, H.R. and Smith, J.M. and Brown, O.B.}, year={1971}, pages={446–470} }
 @article{the computer in hydrological optics_1970, volume={4}, number={5}, journal={Optical Spectra}, year={1970}, pages={50–55} }
 @article{podestá_goñi_brown, title={A comparison of AVHRR and GEOSAT Derived Locations of the Brazil Current Surface Front}, volume={73}, number={43}, journal={Eos Transactions}, author={Podestá, G.P. and Goñi, G.J. and Brown, O.B.}, pages={128} }
 @article{trenberth_belward_brown_haberman_karl_running_ryan_tanner_wielicki, title={EOS Aqua Oct}, url={http://citeseerx.ist.psu.edu/viewdoc/summary?doi=10.1.1.681.4782}, author={Trenberth, Kevin E and Belward, Alan and Brown, Otis and Haberman, Edward and Karl, Thomas R. and Running, Steve and Ryan, Barbara and Tanner, Michael and Wielicki, Bruce} }
 @article{investigator_brown, title={INFRARED ALGORITHM DEVELOPMENT FOR OCEAN OBSERVATIONS WITH EOS/MODIS}, url={http://citeseerx.ist.psu.edu/viewdoc/summary?doi=10.1.1.599.4953}, author={Investigator, Principal and Brown, Otis B.} }
 @article{investigator_brown, title={INFRARED ALGORITHM DEVELOPMENT FOR OCEAN OBSERVATIONS WITH EOS/MODIS}, url={http://citeseerx.ist.psu.edu/viewdoc/summary?doi=10.1.1.492.1605}, author={Investigator, Principal and Brown, Otis B.} }
 @article{investigator_brown_near_objectives, title={MODIS INFRARED ALGORITHM DEVELOPMENT}, url={http://citeseerx.ist.psu.edu/viewdoc/summary?doi=10.1.1.564.2249}, author={Investigator, Principal and Brown, Otis B. and Near, A. and Objectives, Term} }