Works (24)

Updated: April 13th, 2024 05:00

2024 journal article

Characterization of immune responses and immunopathology in turkeys experimentally infected with clostridial dermatitis-producing strains of Clostridium septicum

VETERINARY IMMUNOLOGY AND IMMUNOPATHOLOGY, 269.

By: V. Criollo n, F. John, C. Gaghan n, O. Fletcher n, A. Thachil*, R. Crespo n, R. Kulkarni n

author keywords: Clostridial dermatitis; Turkey; Clostridium septicum; Immune response; Immunopathology
UN Sustainable Development Goal Categories
Sources: Web Of Science, NC State University Libraries
Added: April 8, 2024

2022 journal article

Image analysis for Eimeria oocyst counts and classification

JOURNAL OF APPLIED POULTRY RESEARCH, 31(3).

By: D. Adams n, F. Ruiz-Jimenez n, O. Fletcher n, S. Gall n & R. Crespo n

author keywords: imageJ; Eimeria; coccidiosis; oocyst; chicken
Sources: Web Of Science, NC State University Libraries
Added: June 20, 2022

2022 article

Mucosal and systemic lymphoid immune responses against Clostridium perfringens strains with variable virulence in the production of necrotic enteritis in broiler chickens

Kulkarni, R. R., Gaghan, C., Gorrell, K., & Fletcher, O. J. (2023, January 26). AVIAN PATHOLOGY, Vol. 1.

By: R. Kulkarni n, C. Gaghan n, K. Gorrell n & O. Fletcher n

author keywords: Necrotic enteritis; Clostridium perfringens; chickens; immune response; virulence; cytokines; pathogenesis
MeSH headings : Animals; Clostridium perfringens / genetics; Clostridium Infections / veterinary; Chickens; Virulence; Enteritis / veterinary; Poultry Diseases / pathology; Immunity; Anti-Inflammatory Agents / metabolism
TL;DR: It is suggested that lymphoid immune responses during NE in chickens are spatially regulated such that the inflammatory responses against C. perfringens depend on the virulence of the strain. (via Semantic Scholar)
UN Sustainable Development Goal Categories
Sources: Web Of Science, NC State University Libraries
Added: March 13, 2023

2020 journal article

Histomoniasis outbreaks in commercial turkeys in the southeastern United States: Proximity of broiler breeder farms as a potential risk factor in disease development

JOURNAL OF APPLIED POULTRY RESEARCH, 29(2), 496–501.

By: R. Jones, D. Rives*, O. Fletcher* & M. Martin*

author keywords: Histomonas meleagridis; histomoniasis; blackhead disease; turkeys; broiler breeders; epidemiology; risk factors
TL;DR: Results are consistent with variable transmission of Heterakis eggs harboring Histomonas from broiler breeder houses to susceptible turkey farms based on distance between farms. (via Semantic Scholar)
Source: Web Of Science
Added: August 3, 2020

2019 journal article

Effect of a direct-fed microbial and prebiotic on performance and intestinal histomorophology of turkey poults challenged with Salmonella and Campylobacter

POULTRY SCIENCE, 98(12), 6572–6578.

By: S. Rahimi*, S. Kathariou n, O. Fletcher n & J. Grimes n

author keywords: direct-fed microbial; mannanoligosaccharide; Salmonella; Campylobacter; poult
MeSH headings : Animal Feed / analysis; Animal Nutritional Physiological Phenomena; Animals; Bacterial Shedding / drug effects; Campylobacter / drug effects; Campylobacter Infections / drug therapy; Campylobacter Infections / veterinary; Diet / veterinary; Feces / microbiology; Female; Gastrointestinal Microbiome / drug effects; Intestines / drug effects; Intestines / physiology; Poultry Diseases / drug therapy; Prebiotics / administration & dosage; Probiotics / pharmacology; Random Allocation; Salmonella / drug effects; Salmonella Infections, Animal / drug therapy; Turkeys / growth & development; Turkeys / physiology
TL;DR: There is potential for CALSPORIN and IMW50 to reduce Salmonella shedding in feces, enhance ileal mucosal health, and improve growth performance of turkey poults. (via Semantic Scholar)
Source: Web Of Science
Added: January 13, 2020

2017 journal article

Evaluation of factors influencing the development of late Marek's disease virus-induced immunosuppression: virus pathotype and host sex

AVIAN PATHOLOGY, 46(4), 376–385.

By: N. Faiz n, A. Cortes n, J. Guy n, O. Fletcher n, T. Cimino & I. Gimeno n

author keywords: MDV; ILTV; immunosuppression; pathotype; host sex
MeSH headings : Animals; Chickens; Female; Gene Expression Regulation / immunology; Male; Mardivirus / classification; Marek Disease / immunology; Marek Disease / prevention & control; Marek Disease / virology; MicroRNAs / genetics; MicroRNAs / metabolism; Sex Factors; Specific Pathogen-Free Organisms; Viral Vaccines / immunology
TL;DR: The findings suggest that late-MDV-IS is a unique feature of vv+ strains, and the role of two factors (MDV pathotype and host sex) on the development of this feature is investigated. (via Semantic Scholar)
UN Sustainable Development Goal Categories
3. Good Health and Well-being (Web of Science; OpenAlex)
Sources: Web Of Science, NC State University Libraries
Added: August 6, 2018

2016 journal article

Chemoprevention of spontaneous ovarian cancer in the domestic hen

Poultry Science, 96(6), 1901–1909.

By: E. Mocka n, R. Stern n, O. Fletcher n, K. Anderson n, J. Petitte n & P. Mozdziak n

author keywords: avian; CP-31398; oviduct; ovarian; cancer
MeSH headings : Adenocarcinoma / prevention & control; Adenocarcinoma / veterinary; Animal Feed / analysis; Animals; Chemoprevention / veterinary; Chickens; Diet / veterinary; Female; Genes, p53 / drug effects; Genital Neoplasms, Female / prevention & control; Genital Neoplasms, Female / veterinary; Ovarian Neoplasms / prevention & control; Ovarian Neoplasms / veterinary; Oviducts / pathology; Oviposition; Pyrimidines / administration & dosage; Pyrimidines / pharmacology
TL;DR: CP‐31398 appears to be an effective tool for chemoprevention against ovarian malignancy, but does not appear to affect oviductal malignancies. (via Semantic Scholar)
UN Sustainable Development Goal Categories
3. Good Health and Well-being (Web of Science; OpenAlex)
Sources: Web Of Science, NC State University Libraries, Crossref, ORCID
Added: August 6, 2018

2016 journal article

Early infection with Marek's disease virus can jeopardize protection conferred by laryngotracheitis vaccines: a method to study MDV-induced immunosuppression

AVIAN PATHOLOGY, 45(6), 606–615.

By: N. Faiz n, A. Cortes n, J. Guy n, O. Fletcher n, M. West n, E. Montiel, I. Gimeno n

author keywords: Marek's disease; immunosuppression; laryngotracheitis; model; MDV-induced immunosuppression
MeSH headings : Animals; Chickens / immunology; Chickens / virology; Female; Herpesvirus 2, Gallid / immunology; Immunosuppression Therapy; Marek Disease / immunology; Marek Disease / virology; Models, Immunological; Specific Pathogen-Free Organisms; Tracheitis / prevention & control; Tracheitis / veterinary; Tracheitis / virology; Vaccination / veterinary; Viral Vaccines / immunology
TL;DR: The objective was to document the impact of late-MDV-IS on commercial poultry (meat-type chickens bearing MAb against MDV and that were vaccinated or unvaccinated against MD) and to optimize a model to study late- MDv-IS under laboratory conditions. (via Semantic Scholar)
Sources: Web Of Science, NC State University Libraries
Added: August 6, 2018

2015 journal article

Dietary toxicity of soluble and insoluble molybdenum to northern bobwhite quail (Colinus virginianus)

ECOTOXICOLOGY, 25(2), 291–301.

By: J. Stafford, C. Lambert, J. Zyskowski*, C. Engfehr*, O. Fletcher n, S. Clark*, A. Tiwary*, C. Gulde*, B. Sample

author keywords: Avian; Dietary toxicity; Molybdenum; NOAEC
MeSH headings : Animals; Colinus / growth & development; Colinus / metabolism; Disulfides / toxicity; Feeding Behavior / drug effects; Female; Longevity / drug effects; Male; Molybdenum / toxicity; Soil Pollutants / toxicity; Weight Gain / drug effects
TL;DR: Monitoring of 9-day old northern bobwhite exposed to soluble Mo (SMD) and ore-related Mo (MoS2) in their diet for 30 days shows that effects associated with MoS2, the more environmentally prevalent and less bioavailable Mo form, are much less than those observed for SMD. (via Semantic Scholar)
Source: Web Of Science
Added: August 6, 2018

2014 journal article

Epithelial Cell Tumors of the Hen Reproductive Tract

Avian Diseases, 58(1), 95–101.

By: E. Harris n, O. Fletcher n, K. Anderson n, J. Petitte n, L. Kopelovich* & P. Mozdziak n

Contributors: E. Harris n, O. Fletcher n, K. Anderson n, J. Petitte n, L. Kopelovich* & P. Mozdziak n

author keywords: hen; egg-laying; cancer; oviductal; ovarian; malignancy
MeSH headings : Animals; Chickens; Epithelial Cells / pathology; Female; Gastrointestinal Neoplasms / classification; Gastrointestinal Neoplasms / epidemiology; Gastrointestinal Neoplasms / pathology; Gastrointestinal Neoplasms / veterinary; Genital Diseases, Female / classification; Genital Diseases, Female / epidemiology; Genital Diseases, Female / pathology; Genital Diseases, Female / veterinary; Incidence; Ovarian Neoplasms / classification; Ovarian Neoplasms / epidemiology; Ovarian Neoplasms / pathology; Ovarian Neoplasms / veterinary; Oviducts / pathology; Poultry Diseases / classification; Poultry Diseases / epidemiology; Poultry Diseases / pathology
TL;DR: The egg-laying hen appears to be the most promising model to study the spontaneous occurrence of ovarian tumors in the clinical setting and an updated gross pathology and histologic classification systems for the hen reproductive malignancies provides a method to report the range of reproductive tumors revealed in a flock of aged laying hens. (via Semantic Scholar)
UN Sustainable Development Goal Categories
3. Good Health and Well-being (Web of Science; OpenAlex)
Sources: Web Of Science, ORCID, NC State University Libraries
Added: August 6, 2018

2013 journal article

Reovirus Infections in Young Broiler Chickens

AVIAN DISEASES, 57(2), 321–325.

By: J. Davis, A. Kulkarni & O. Fletcher n

author keywords: reovirus; pancreas
MeSH headings : Animals; Chickens; Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay / veterinary; Molecular Sequence Data; Pancreas / pathology; Pancreas / virology; Phylogeny; Poultry Diseases / pathology; Poultry Diseases / virology; Reoviridae / genetics; Reoviridae / isolation & purification; Reoviridae Infections / pathology; Reoviridae Infections / veterinary; Reoviridae Infections / virology; Sequence Analysis, DNA / veterinary; Sequence Analysis, Protein / veterinary; Specific Pathogen-Free Organisms; Viral Proteins / chemistry; Viral Proteins / genetics; Viral Proteins / metabolism
UN Sustainable Development Goal Categories
2. Zero Hunger (OpenAlex)
Source: Web Of Science
Added: August 6, 2018

2012 journal article

Myocarditis in 9- and 11-Day-Old Broiler Breeder Chicks Associated with a Reovirus Infection

AVIAN DISEASES, 56(4), 786–790.

By: J. Davis, A. Kulkarni & O. Fletcher n

author keywords: reovirus; myocarditis
TL;DR: Histopathology supported a diagnosis of reovirus-associated myocarditis and myocardial necrosis and this virus was possibly transmitted vertically from the primary breeder flock. (via Semantic Scholar)
UN Sustainable Development Goal Categories
3. Good Health and Well-being (Web of Science; OpenAlex)
Source: Web Of Science
Added: August 6, 2018

2012 journal article

Transmissible Viral Proventriculitis Identified in Broiler Breeder and Layer Hens

Avian Diseases, 56(4), 757–759.

By: R. Marusak*, M. West*, J. Davis, O. Fletcher* & J. Guy*

author keywords: transmissible viral proventriculitis; chicken proventricular necrosis virus
MeSH headings : Animals; Birnaviridae / genetics; Birnaviridae / isolation & purification; Chickens; Fatal Outcome; Female; Formaldehyde / chemistry; Georgia; Paraffin Embedding / veterinary; Poultry Diseases / diagnosis; Poultry Diseases / pathology; Poultry Diseases / virology; Proventriculus / pathology; Proventriculus / virology; Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction / veterinary; Sequence Analysis, DNA / veterinary; Stomach Diseases / diagnosis; Stomach Diseases / pathology; Stomach Diseases / veterinary; Stomach Diseases / virology; Viral Proteins / genetics
TL;DR: The findings identify TVP as a potential cause of production losses in broiler breeder and commercial layer hens and provide additional evidence for etiologic involvement in TVP by CPNV. (via Semantic Scholar)
UN Sustainable Development Goal Categories
Sources: Web Of Science, Crossref, NC State University Libraries
Added: August 6, 2018

2011 journal article

Detection of Chicken Proventricular Necrosis Virus (R11/3 Virus) in Experimental and Naturally Occurring Cases of Transmissible Viral Proventriculitis with the Use of a Reverse Transcriptase-PCR Procedure

AVIAN DISEASES, 55(1), 70–75.

By: J. Guy n, M. West n, F. Fuller n, R. Marusak n, H. Shivaprasad*, J. Davis*, O. Fletcher n

author keywords: polymerase chain reaction; chicken; proventriculitis
MeSH headings : Adenoviridae Infections / veterinary; Animals; Aviadenovirus; Cells, Cultured; Chick Embryo; Chickens; Poultry Diseases / virology; Proventriculus / virology; Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction / veterinary
TL;DR: Findings indicate the utility of the RT-PCR procedure for detection of CPNV and provide additional evidence for an etiologic role for this virus in TVP. (via Semantic Scholar)
UN Sustainable Development Goal Categories
Sources: Web Of Science, NC State University Libraries
Added: August 6, 2018

2011 journal article

Identification of Ascaridia numidae in Guinea Fowl (Numida meleagris) and Association with Elevated Mortality

AVIAN DISEASES, 55(1), 151–154.

By: K. Robbins n, W. Ye* & O. Fletcher n

author keywords: 18S; 28S; Ascaridia numidae; DNA sequencing; guinea fowl
MeSH headings : Animals; Ascaridia; Ascaridiasis / mortality; Ascaridiasis / parasitology; Ascaridiasis / veterinary; Base Sequence; DNA, Helminth; Disease Outbreaks; Galliformes; Jejunum / parasitology; Jejunum / pathology; Polymerase Chain Reaction / veterinary; Poultry Diseases / mortality; Poultry Diseases / parasitology
TL;DR: Treatment with piperazine sulfate significantly reduced the number of adult worms in the intestines, greatly decreased eggs per gram of feces, relieved clinical signs in the flock, and returned the flock mortality back to expected levels. (via Semantic Scholar)
UN Sustainable Development Goal Categories
6. Clean Water and Sanitation (OpenAlex)
Source: Web Of Science
Added: August 6, 2018

2011 journal article

Macrorhabdus ornithogaster (Megabacterium) Infection in Adult Hobby Chickens in North America

AVIAN DISEASES, 55(2), 331–334.

By: E. Behnke* & O. Fletcher n

author keywords: megabacteria; Macrorhabdus ornithogaster; avian gastric yeast infection
MeSH headings : Animals; Ascomycota / classification; Ascomycota / isolation & purification; Chickens; Enteritis / microbiology; Female; Gizzard, Avian / pathology; Male; Mycoses / epidemiology; Mycoses / microbiology; Mycoses / pathology; Mycoses / veterinary; North America / epidemiology; Pets; Proventriculus / pathology
TL;DR: Roosters examined in the initial field visit and postmortem had cecal worms, roundworms, tetratrichomonads, and coccidiosis, and Macrorhabdus ornithogaster was diagnosed histologically in the mucosal isthmus of the proventriculus and ventriculus. (via Semantic Scholar)
UN Sustainable Development Goal Categories
Source: Web Of Science
Added: August 6, 2018

2011 journal article

Selected Blood Chemistry Values in Mobility-Impaired Broiler Breeder Hens with Suspected Calcium Tetany Using the i-STAT (R) Handheld Clinical Analyzer

AVIAN DISEASES, 55(3), 340–345.

By: M. Martin*, M. Wineland n, O. Fletcher* & H. Barnes

author keywords: blood chemistry values; broiler breeder chickens; calcium tetany; diagnostics; hypocalcemia; impaired mobility; ionized calcium; i-STAT; poultry
MeSH headings : Animals; Blood Chemical Analysis / instrumentation; Blood Chemical Analysis / veterinary; Blood Gas Analysis / instrumentation; Blood Gas Analysis / veterinary; Calcium / deficiency; Chickens; Female; Hypocalcemia / blood; Hypocalcemia / diagnosis; Hypocalcemia / pathology; Hypocalcemia / veterinary; Movement; Poultry Diseases / blood; Poultry Diseases / diagnosis; Poultry Diseases / pathology; Reference Values; Tetany / blood; Tetany / diagnosis; Tetany / pathology; Tetany / veterinary
TL;DR: Findings in this study indicate calcium tetany is one cause of impaired mobility in breeder hens, but mobility impairment without hypocalcemia can also occur. (via Semantic Scholar)
UN Sustainable Development Goal Categories
3. Good Health and Well-being (Web of Science; OpenAlex)
Source: Web Of Science
Added: August 6, 2018

2010 journal article

Measuring the intra-individual variability of the plasma proteome in the chicken model of spontaneous ovarian adenocarcinoma

ANALYTICAL AND BIOANALYTICAL CHEMISTRY, 398(2), 737–749.

By: A. Hawkridge n, R. Wysocky n, J. Petitte n, K. Anderson n, P. Mozdziak n, O. Fletcher n, J. Horowitz n, D. Muddiman n

Contributors: A. Hawkridge n, R. Wysocky n, J. Petitte n, K. Anderson n, P. Mozdziak n, O. Fletcher n, J. Horowitz n, D. Muddiman n

author keywords: Genomics/proteomics; Mass spectrometry/ICP-MS; Biological samples; Bioanalytical methods; Clinical/biomedical analysis
MeSH headings : Adenocarcinoma / metabolism; Adenocarcinoma / pathology; Animals; Chickens; Female; Humans; Mass Spectrometry / methods; Ovarian Neoplasms / metabolism; Ovarian Neoplasms / pathology; Plasma / metabolism; Proteome / analysis; Proteome / metabolism; Proteomics / methods
TL;DR: An experimental strategy for biomarker discovery is reported herein that combines the chicken model of EOC, longitudinal plasma sample collection with matched tissues, advanced mass spectrometry-based proteomics, and concepts derived from the index of individuality in an effort to identify diagnostic protein biomarkers. (via Semantic Scholar)
Sources: Web Of Science, ORCID, NC State University Libraries
Added: August 6, 2018

2010 article

Measuring the intra-individual variability of the plasma proteome in the chicken model of spontaneous ovarian adenocarcinoma (vol 398, pg 737, 2010)

Hawkridge, A. M., Wysocky, R. B., Petitte, J. N., Anderson, K. E., Mozdziak, P. E., Fletcher, O. J., … Muddiman, D. C. (2010, October). ANALYTICAL AND BIOANALYTICAL CHEMISTRY, Vol. 398, pp. 1835–1835.

By: A. Hawkridge n, R. Wysocky n, J. Petitte n, K. Anderson n, P. Mozdziak n, O. Fletcher n, J. Horowitz n, D. Muddiman n

Contributors: A. Hawkridge n, R. Wysocky n, J. Petitte n, K. Anderson n, P. Mozdziak n, O. Fletcher n, J. Horowitz n, D. Muddiman n

UN Sustainable Development Goal Categories
2. Zero Hunger (OpenAlex)
Sources: Web Of Science, ORCID, NC State University Libraries
Added: August 6, 2018

2010 journal article

Mycoplasma iowae associated with chondrodystrophy in commercial turkeys

AVIAN PATHOLOGY, 39(2), 87–93.

By: D. Ley n, R. Marusak n, E. Vivas n, H. Barnes n & O. Fletcher n

MeSH headings : Animals; Antibodies, Bacterial / immunology; Cartilage / pathology; Chondrocytes / pathology; DNA, Bacterial / genetics; Diagnosis, Differential; Female; Hindlimb / microbiology; Hindlimb / pathology; Mycoplasma Infections / microbiology; Mycoplasma Infections / pathology; Mycoplasma Infections / veterinary; Mycoplasma iowae / genetics; Mycoplasma iowae / immunology; Mycoplasma iowae / isolation & purification; Poultry Diseases / microbiology; Poultry Diseases / pathology; Spine / microbiology; Spine / pathology; Turkeys
TL;DR: This is the first detailed description of the gross and microscopic lesions of vertebral chondrodystrophy associated with M. iowae, which should now be considered in the differential diagnosis of turkeys with these lesions. (via Semantic Scholar)
UN Sustainable Development Goal Categories
Source: Web Of Science
Added: August 6, 2018

2009 journal article

Effect of a direct-fed microbial (Primalac) on structure and ultrastructure of small intestine in turkey poults

Poultry Science, 88(3), 491–503.

By: S. Rahimi*, J. Grimes*, O. Fletcher n, E. Oviedo & B. Sheldon*

author keywords: probiotic; turkey; intestine; morphology; Salmonella
MeSH headings : Animal Feed; Animal Nutritional Physiological Phenomena; Animals; Diet / veterinary; Female; Intestine, Small / drug effects; Intestine, Small / ultrastructure; Poultry Diseases / drug therapy; Poultry Diseases / prevention & control; Probiotics / pharmacology; Salmonella Infections, Animal / prevention & control; Turkeys
TL;DR: Changes in intestinal morphology as observed in this study support the concept that poultry gut health and function, and ultimately bird performance, can be improved by dietary supplementation with DFM products such as Primalac as used in thisStudy. (via Semantic Scholar)
Sources: Web Of Science, Crossref, NC State University Libraries
Added: August 6, 2018

2007 journal article

Comb candidiasis affecting roosters in a broiler breeder flock

AVIAN DISEASES, 51(2), 618–622.

By: C. Osorio, O. Fletcher*, M. Dykstra*, K. Post* & H. Barnes

author keywords: candidiasis; Candida albicans; broiler breeder male; chicken; mycosis
TL;DR: A cutaneous mycosis caused by Candida albicans that involved the combs and less frequently the wattles, facial skin, ear lobes, and neck of male broiler breeders is described. (via Semantic Scholar)
UN Sustainable Development Goal Categories
Source: Web Of Science
Added: August 6, 2018

2007 journal article

Pneumonia of Turkey Breeder Hens Associated with Mycoplasma synoviae

AVIAN DISEASES, 51(3), 791–796.

By: C. Osorio n, O. Fletcher*, T. Abdul-Aziz*, E. Gonder*, B. Tilley* & D. Ley*

author keywords: fibrinous pneumonia; Mycoplasma synoviae; turkey breeder hens; respiratory disease
TL;DR: Results of lung histopathology and PCR tests were consistent with a diagnosis of pneumonia caused by MS, and MS was identified by both mycoplasma culture and polymerase chain reaction (PCR) procedures in samples from choanal clefts and tracheas. (via Semantic Scholar)
UN Sustainable Development Goal Categories
3. Good Health and Well-being (Web of Science; OpenAlex)
Source: Web Of Science
Added: August 6, 2018

2000 journal article

The toxicity of purified fumonisin B-1 in broiler chicks

POULTRY SCIENCE, 79(10), 1378–1384.

By: M. Henry*, R. Wyatt* & O. Fletcher n

author keywords: fumonisin B-1; sphinganine; sphingosine; Fusarium moniliforme; mycotoxin
MeSH headings : Alanine Transaminase / blood; Animals; Aspartate Aminotransferases / blood; Body Weight; Brain / pathology; Carboxylic Acids / administration & dosage; Carboxylic Acids / toxicity; Chickens; Diet; Drinking; Eating; Fumonisins; Hyperplasia; Kidney / anatomy & histology; Kidney / pathology; Lipids / analysis; Liver / anatomy & histology; Liver / chemistry; Male; Mycotoxins; Necrosis; Organ Size; Sphingosine / analogs & derivatives; Sphingosine / analysis; Spleen / anatomy & histology
TL;DR: The results of this investigation agree with the results previously described, in which FB1 was supplied to diets from the use of F. moniliforme-contaminated grain; therefore, theUse of such material as the source of the mycotoxin in animal feeding studies is appropriate. (via Semantic Scholar)
UN Sustainable Development Goal Categories
6. Clean Water and Sanitation (OpenAlex)
Source: Web Of Science
Added: August 6, 2018

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