@article{white_mitasova_bendor_foy_pala_vukomanovic_meentemeyer_2021, title={Spatially Explicit Fuzzy Cognitive Mapping for Participatory Modeling of Stormwater Management}, volume={10}, ISSN={["2073-445X"]}, url={http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?eid=2-s2.0-85118258273&partnerID=MN8TOARS}, DOI={10.3390/land10111114}, abstractNote={Addressing “wicked” problems like urban stormwater management necessitates building shared understanding among diverse stakeholders with the influence to enact solutions cooperatively. Fuzzy cognitive maps (FCMs) are participatory modeling tools that enable diverse stakeholders to articulate the components of a socio-environmental system (SES) and describe their interactions. However, the spatial scale of an FCM is rarely explicitly considered, despite the influence of spatial scale on SES. We developed a technique to couple FCMs with spatially explicit survey data to connect stakeholder conceptualization of urban stormwater management at a regional scale with specific stormwater problems they identified. We used geospatial data and flooding simulation models to quantitatively evaluate stakeholders’ descriptions of location-specific problems. We found that stakeholders used a wide variety of language to describe variables in their FCMs and that government and academic stakeholders used significantly different suites of variables. We also found that regional FCM did not downscale well to concerns at finer spatial scales; variables and causal relationships important at location-specific scales were often different or missing from the regional FCM. This study demonstrates the spatial framing of stormwater problems influences the perceived range of possible problems, barriers, and solutions through spatial cognitive filtering of the system’s boundaries.}, number={11}, journal={LAND}, publisher={MDPI AG}, author={White, Corey T. and Mitasova, Helena and BenDor, Todd K. and Foy, Kevin and Pala, Okan and Vukomanovic, Jelena and Meentemeyer, Ross K.}, year={2021}, month={Nov} }
 @inbook{ruddell_gao_pala_rushforth_sabo_2020, title={Infrastructure}, url={http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-29914-9_10}, DOI={10.1007/978-3-030-29914-9_10}, abstractNote={Infrastructures handle high-volume goods and services that require heavily capitalized, large-scale, durable, reliable, shared, interdependent, and specialized systems. Infrastructure facilitates social, economic, and environmental functions by achieving a high degree of efficiency at a low marginal cost to produce, transport, distribute, quality-control, and allocate high-volume goods and services. Infrastructure development usually requires large, long-term investments and substantial consideration of risk, change, and extreme events during the design phase. This chapter explains the basic structures that form infrastructure for FEW systems and provides useful diagrams of FEW supply chains that utilize those infrastructures.}, booktitle={The Food-Energy-Water Nexus}, author={Ruddell, Benjamin L. and Gao, Hongkai and Pala, Okan and Rushforth, Richard and Sabo, John}, year={2020} }
 @inproceedings{pala_schrum_2018, title={Simulating infrastructure outages: An open-source geospatial approach}, volume={42}, url={http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?eid=2-s2.0-85044500119&partnerID=MN8TOARS}, DOI={10.5194/isprs-archives-XLII-3-W4-389-2018}, abstractNote={Abstract. Understanding the impact of service outages caused by natural or man-made disasters in utility services is a key part of decision-making in response and recovery efforts. Large-scale outages in the last 15 years, from the 2003 northeast blackout to Hurricane Maria devastating Puerto Rico in 2017, highlighted the importance of tight couplings within and across various utilities. The brittleness of these tight couplings results in long delays in restoring large-scale outages. Such cross-infrastructure effects can make analysis for decision makers and responders far more complex. To facilitate recovery, decision makers need to use specialized Decision Support Systems (DSS) that allow simulation of various alternative enablement options along with their impact on society. In this article, we describe our geo-simulation engine and datasets used for outage modelling. First, we detail our efforts in correcting and completing Electric Power (EP) network for the western US. Next, we explain the architecture and initial implementation of the platform-independent, open-source geospatial simulation engine that we are in the process of developing. Using this engine, we can consider the amount of commodity at the transmission source (power plants) and sinks (substations) and set thresholds at sinks to trigger and simulate outages. For instance, a threshold can be set to trigger an outage at substation level if the available commodity amount drops below 80 % of the demand. Future additions include cross-infrastructure and enablement consequence analysis to provide a complete and transparent DSS to study outages on multiple interrelating infrastructures through scenario-based evaluation criteria.
                    }, number={3W4}, booktitle={International Archives of the Photogrammetry, Remote Sensing and Spatial Information Sciences - ISPRS Archives}, author={Pala, O. and Schrum, P.}, year={2018}, pages={389–396} }
 @book{pala_wilson_bent_linger_arnold_2014, title={Accuracy of service area estimation methods used for critical infrastructure recovery}, volume={441}, url={http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?eid=2-s2.0-84908286528&partnerID=MN8TOARS}, journal={IFIP Advances in Information and Communication Technology}, author={Pala, O. and Wilson, D. and Bent, R. and Linger, S. and Arnold, J.}, year={2014}, pages={173–191} }
 @inproceedings{wisniewski_wilson_pala_lipford_2009, title={Grounding geovisualization interface design: A study of interactive map use}, url={http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?eid=2-s2.0-70349165210&partnerID=MN8TOARS}, DOI={10.1145/1520340.1520567}, abstractNote={Building the most effective tools to support user-centered geographic visualization faces a significant challenge: not enough is known about how people interact with maps. Map use research has often focused on higher order use goals or cognitive interpretations of static map representations. In order to address the problem of understanding foundational user-map interaction behavior, we are studying user interactions in complex geovisualizations, with an initial focus on analysis tasks. This paper describes an exploratory user study to examine general interaction issues with complex map visualizations. Our results highlight the need for map tools to improve interactivity and support basic analysis tasks to aid users in decision making.}, booktitle={Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems - Proceedings}, author={Wisniewski, P.K. and Wilson, D.C. and Pala, O. and Lipford, H.R.}, year={2009}, pages={3757–3762} }
 @inproceedings{wilson_pala_tolone_xiang_2009, title={Recommendation-based geovisualization support for reconstitution in critical infrastructure protection}, volume={7346}, url={http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?eid=2-s2.0-79959430603&partnerID=MN8TOARS}, DOI={10.1117/12.818718}, abstractNote={Protecting critical infrastructure systems, such as electrical power grids, has become a primary concern for many governments and organizations across a variety of stakeholder perspectives. Critical infrastructures involve multidimensional, highly complex collections of technologies, processes, and people, and as such, are vulnerable to potentially catastrophic failures on many levels. Moreover, cross-infrastructure dependencies can give rise to cascading effects with escalating impact across multiple infrastructures. Critical infrastructure protection involves both safeguarding against potential disaster scenarios and effective response in the aftermath of infrastructure failure. Our research is developing innovative approaches to modeling critical infrastructures in order to support decision-making during reconstitution efforts in response to infrastructure disruptions. By modeling the impact of infrastructure elements, both within and across infrastructures, we can recommend focus areas for reconstitution resources across different stakeholders in the context of their current goals. An interactive geovisualization interface provides a natural context for this infrastructure analysis support. This paper presents an overview of our approach and the GIS modeling environment under development for decision support in critical infrastructure reconstitution.}, booktitle={Proceedings of SPIE - The International Society for Optical Engineering}, author={Wilson, D.C. and Pala, O. and Tolone, W.J. and Xiang, W.-N.}, year={2009} }