@article{jordan_johnson_corbett_2019, title={Response of Two Virginia Market Type Peanut Cultivars to Planting and Digging Dates in North Carolina}, volume={5}, ISSN={["2374-3832"]}, DOI={10.2134/cftm2019.01.0003}, abstractNote={Core Ideas Planting peanut in May results in greater economic value than planting peanut in June in North Carolina. Delaying digging into October was needed for the cultivar Perry while digging in early October was adequate to optimize economic return for the cultivar CHAMPS. When planting is delayed, economic value is optimized with later digging dates.}, number={1}, journal={CROP FORAGE & TURFGRASS MANAGEMENT}, author={Jordan, David and Johnson, P. Dewayne and Corbett, Tommy}, year={2019}, month={May} }
 @article{jordan_johnson_hare_anco_chapin_thomas_monfort_balota_2018, title={Influence of Inoculation with Bradyrhizobia and Nitrogen Rate on Yield and Estimated Economic Return of Virginia Market-Type Peanut}, volume={4}, ISSN={["2374-3832"]}, DOI={10.2134/cftm2018.01.0002}, abstractNote={Core Ideas
Bradyrhizobia inoculant increases peanut yield in new peanut fields and in fields with a recent history of peanut.
Applied nitrogen is less effective than inoculation with Bradyrhizobia in new peanut fields.
Return on investment from Bradyrhizobia inoculant occurs regardless of field history relative to peanut production.
}, number={1}, journal={CROP FORAGE & TURFGRASS MANAGEMENT}, author={Jordan, David L. and Johnson, P. Dewayne and Hare, Andrew T. and Anco, Dan and Chapin, Jay and Thomas, James and Monfort, Scott and Balota, Maria}, year={2018}, month={Oct} }
 @article{jordan_johnson_grabow_corbett_2014, title={Corn, cotton, and peanut response to tillage and subsurface drip irrigation in north carolina}, volume={106}, DOI={10.2134/agronj13.0486}, abstractNote={Determining response of agronomic crops to subsurface drip irrigation (SDI) in conventional and reduced tillage systems is important in defining utility of SDI. Therefore, the objectives of this research were to define interactions of SDI and tillage with respect to yield and economic return of corn (Zea mays L.), cotton (Gossypium hirsutum L.), and peanut (Arachis hypogaea L.) planted in rotation. Research was conducted in two 4‐yr periods (2007–2010 and 2008–2011) in North Carolina using continuous strip tillage vs. continuous conventional tillage without irrigation or with SDI using a crop sequence of 1 yr of cotton, 2 yr of corn, followed by 1 yr of peanut. Corn, cotton, and peanut yields increased with SDI compared with no irrigation regardless of tillage system. Cotton and peanut yields were not affected by tillage system or the interaction of tillage and irrigation; corn yield was affected by this interaction. In the second year of corn, yield and economic return were higher in conventional tillage with SDI than strip tillage with SDI. Economic return for the sum of crops in the rotation was affected by the interaction of irrigation and tillage. Economic return was higher in both periods during each year corn was grown under SDI compared with non‐irrigated corn while higher economic returns for cotton and peanut under SDI were noted in one of two periods. When pooled over periods, crops, and tillage, economic return for SDI was US$1,552 ha−1 higher than non‐irrigated production over 4 yr.}, number={3}, journal={Agronomy Journal}, author={Jordan, D. L. and Johnson, P. D. and Grabow, G. L. and Corbett, T.}, year={2014}, pages={962–967} }
 @article{drake_jordan_johnson_shew_brandenburg_corbett_2014, title={Peanut Response to Planting Date, Tillage, and Cultivar in North Carolina}, volume={106}, ISSN={["1435-0645"]}, DOI={10.2134/agronj2013.0340}, abstractNote={Production of peanut (Arachis hypogaea L.) in reduced tillage is an effective alternative to conventional tillage in the southeastern United States under some conditions. Research was conducted to determine interactions of planting date, tillage system, and cultivar with respect to disease reaction and pod yield of peanut. The cultivars Bailey, CHAMPS, Gregory, Perry, and Phillips were planted in early or late May in reduced or conventional tillage systems from 2008 through 2011 at one location in North Carolina. The interaction of year, tillage system, and cultivar was significant for plant condition rating (PCR), a visible estimate of disease, within 3 d before digging from late September through mid‐October. Pod yield was correlated with PCR in mid‐September (P = 0.0001, R2 = –0.22) and PCR just before digging (P ≤ 0.0001, R2 = –0.31). Disease was less prevalent for the cultivar Bailey and most prevalent for the cultivar Phillips, with disease for the other cultivars intermediate between Bailey and Phillips. Pod yield was influenced independently by cultivar, planting date, and tillage system although each of these factors was affected by year of the experiment. Pod yield was similar in strip tillage and conventional tillage in 3 of 4 yr with yield in strip tillage exceeding conventional tillage in 1 yr. Peanut planted in early May yielded more than peanut planted in late May in 2 of 4 yr. Results indicate that while some differences in disease reaction will occur when comparing cultivars, planting dates, and tillage systems, pod yield will be affected independently by these cultural practices.}, number={2}, journal={AGRONOMY JOURNAL}, author={Drake, W. L. and Jordan, D. L. and Johnson, P. D. and Shew, B. B. and Brandenburg, R. L. and Corbett, T.}, year={2014}, pages={486–490} }
 @article{drake_jordan_lassiter_johnson_brandenburg_royals_2009, title={Peanut Cultivar Response to Damage from Tobacco Thrips and Paraquat}, volume={101}, ISSN={["1435-0645"]}, DOI={10.2134/agronj2009.0185}, abstractNote={Virginia market‐type peanut cultivars in North Carolina vary in the number of days following emergence required to reach optimum maturity, and concern over cultivar response to interactions of tobacco thrips (Frankliniella fusca Hinds) damage in absence of in‐furrow insecticide and injury from paraquat exist with respect to cultivar selection. Experiments were conducted during 2007 and 2008 to determine if cultivars vary in response to interactions of the insecticide aldicarb (no aldicarb or aldicarb applied in the seed furrow at planting) and the herbicide paraquat (no paraquat or paraquat applied 24 to 28 d after peanut emergence, DAE). The cultivar VA 98R expressed more damage from tobacco thrips than the cultivars Gregory, Perry, or Phillips. Although vegetative growth parameters varied among cultivar, aldicarb, and paraquat treatments, pod yield and market grade characteristics were not affected by the interaction of experiment, cultivar, aldicarb, and paraquat or the interaction of cultivar, aldicarb, and paraquat. Damage from tobacco thrips in absence of aldicarb affected pod yield more than injury from paraquat. The combination of tobacco thrips damage in absence of aldicarb and injury from paraquat lowered pod yield compared with aldicarb‐treated peanut either with or without paraquat regardless of cultivar. These data suggest that recommendations on use of aldicarb for tobacco thrips control or paraquat for early season weed control should not vary based on cultivar selection when considering pod yield and market grade characteristics.}, number={6}, journal={AGRONOMY JOURNAL}, author={Drake, Wendy L. and Jordan, David L. and Lassiter, Bridget R. and Johnson, P. Dewayne and Brandenburg, Rick L. and Royals, Brian M.}, year={2009}, pages={1388–1393} }
 @article{jordan_lancaster_lanier_lassiter_johnson_2009, title={Peanut and Eclipta (Eclipta prostrata) Response to Flumioxazin}, volume={23}, ISSN={["0890-037X"]}, DOI={10.1614/WT-08-050.1}, abstractNote={Research was conducted in North Carolina to determine peanut response to flumioxazin as influenced by rate and timing of application and cultivar. Delaying application of flumioxazin from 1 d after planting until peanut emergence increased injury regardless of rate. The Virginia market-type cultivar ‘NC-V 11’ was injured more by flumioxazin than the cultivars ‘Gregory’ or ‘Perry’. However, pod yield was not affected by flumioxazin even though significant injury was observed early in the season regardless of flumioxazin rate, application timing, or cultivar. Diclosulam was more effective than flumioxazin in controlling eclipta when these herbicides were applied PRE with metolachlor or following pendimethalin PPI. However, control by flumioxazin prevented yield loss when compared with metolachlor alone.}, number={2}, journal={WEED TECHNOLOGY}, author={Jordan, David L. and Lancaster, Sarah H. and Lanier, James E. and Lassiter, Bridget R. and Johnson, P. Dewayne}, year={2009}, pages={231–235} }
 @article{jordan_lancaster_lanier_lassiter_johnson_2009, title={Weed Management in Peanut with Herbicide Combinations Containing Imazapic and Other Pesticides}, volume={23}, ISSN={["1550-2740"]}, DOI={10.1614/WT-08-041.1}, abstractNote={Research was conducted in North Carolina to compare weed control by various rates of imazapic POST alone or following diclosulam PRE. In a second experiment, weed control by imazapic applied POST alone or with acifluoren, diclosulam, or 2,4-DB was compared. In a final experiment, yellow nutsedge control by imazapic alone and with the fungicides azoxystrobin, chlorothalonil, pyraclostrobin, and tebuconazole was compared. Large crabgrass was controlled more effectively by imazapic POST than diclosulam PRE. Common lambsquarters, common ragweed, and eclipta were controlled more effectively by diclosulam PRE than imazapic POST. Nodding spurge was controlled similarly by both herbicides. Few differences in control were noted when comparing imazapic rates after diclosulam PRE. Applying either diclosulam PRE or imazapic POST alone or in combination increased peanut yield over nontreated peanut in five of six experiments. Few differences in pod yield were noted when comparing imazapic rates. Acifluorfen, diclosulam, and 2,4-DB did not affect entireleaf morningglory, large crabgrass, nodding spurge, pitted morningglory, and yellow nutsedge control by imazapic. Eclipta control by coapplication of imazapic and diclosulam exceeded control by imazapic alone. The fungicides azoxystrobin, chlorothalonil, pyraclostrobin, and tebuconazole did not affect yellow nutsedge control by imazapic.}, number={1}, journal={WEED TECHNOLOGY}, author={Jordan, David L. and Lancaster, Sarah H. and Lanier, James E. and Lassiter, Bridget R. and Johnson, P. Dewayne}, year={2009}, pages={6–10} }
 @article{jordan_barnes_corbett_bogle_johnson_shew_koenning_ye_brandenburg_2008, title={Crop Response to Rotation and Tillage in Peanut-Based Cropping Systems}, volume={100}, ISSN={["1435-0645"]}, DOI={10.2134/agronj2008.0075}, abstractNote={Production of peanut (Arachis hypogaea L.) in reduced tillage systems has increased in the United States during the past decade. However, interactions of tillage system and crop rotation have not been thoroughly investigated for large‐seeded, Virginia market type peanut. Research was conducted at two locations in North Carolina during 1999 to 2006 to compare yield of corn (Zea mays L.), cotton (Gossypium hirsutum L.), and peanut in different rotations planted in conventional and reduced tillage. Crop rotation affected peanut yield but did not affect corn or cotton yield. Increasing the number of times corn, cotton, or a combination of these crops were planted between peanut increased peanut yields. Tillage affected cotton and peanut yield but not in every year or at both locations. Yield was similar in conventional and reduced tillage in 8 of 10 comparisons (cotton) and 6 of 8 comparisons (peanut). Crop rotation and tillage did not interact for visual estimates of plant condition of peanut as a result of disease, soil parasitic nematode populations when peanut was planted during the final year of the experiment, crop yield, cumulative net return over the duration of the experiment, or bulk density in the pegging zone during the final year of the experiment. These data suggest that variation in response to rotation and tillage should be expected based on the crop and edaphic and environmental conditions. However, response to rotation and tillage most likely will be independent.}, number={6}, journal={AGRONOMY JOURNAL}, author={Jordan, David L. and Barnes, J. Steven and Corbett, Tommy and Bogle, Clyde R. and Johnson, P. Dewayne and Shew, Barbara B. and Koenning, Stephen R. and Ye, Weimin and Brandenburg, Rick L.}, year={2008}, pages={1580–1586} }
 @article{lancaster_jordan_johnson_2008, title={Influence of Graminicide Formulation on Compatibility with Other Pesticides}, volume={22}, ISSN={["1550-2740"]}, DOI={10.1614/WT-07-067.1}, abstractNote={Experiments were conducted from 2003 through 2006 to compare annual grass control by graminicides applied alone or with other pesticides and to determine whether graminicide formulation affected annual grass control and interactions with co-applied pesticides. Formulation and rate had no affect on broadleaf signalgrass or large crabgrass control by clethodim. The efficacy of clethodim in tank mixtures with acifluorfen plus bentazon, bentazon, chlorothalonil, imazapic, pyraclostrobin, or tebuconazole were not affected by clethodim formulation. Broadleaf signalgrass and large crabgrass control by clethodim was slightly reduced by acifluorfen plus bentazon, chlorothalonil, imazapic, and pyraclostrobin, but not by tebuconazole. Chlorothalonil and pyraclostrobin reduced broadleaf signalgrass control with quizalofop-P but did not reduce fall panicum control. Azoxystrobin, propiconazole, and tebuconazole did not affect efficacy of quizalofop-P.}, number={4}, journal={WEED TECHNOLOGY}, author={Lancaster, Sarah H. and Jordan, David L. and Johnson, P. Dewayne}, year={2008}, pages={580–583} }
 @article{lancaster_beam_lanier_jordan_johnson_2007, title={Compatibility of diclosulam with postemergence herbicides and fungicides}, volume={21}, ISSN={["0890-037X"]}, DOI={10.1614/WT-07-028.1}, abstractNote={Diclosulam is registered for residual and postemergence control of several broadleaf weeds and suppression of annual sedges in peanut in the southeastern United States. Many producers apply herbicides and other pesticides simultaneously to increase the spectrum of pest control or to increase efficiency of operations. However, compatibility of coapplication of pesticides is a concern. Field trials were conducted to evaluate the compatibility of diclosulam with other herbicides and fungicides. Horseweed control by diclosulam in combination with glyphosate, sulfosate, or paraquat was compared to combinations of these herbicides with flumioxazin, tribenuron plus thifensulfuron, or 2,4-D. All treatments that contained diclosulam controlled horseweed at least 86%. Broadleaf signalgrass control by clethodim and sethoxydim was not affected by diclosulam; however, large crabgrass control was reduced when graminicides were coapplied with diclosulam. Common ragweed control was reduced when diclosulam was applied with chlorothalonil and pyraclostrobin but not by azoxystrobin or tebuconazole.}, number={4}, journal={WEED TECHNOLOGY}, author={Lancaster, Sarah H. and Beam, Joshua B. and Lanier, James E. and Jordan, David L. and Johnson, P. Dewayne}, year={2007}, pages={869–872} }
 @article{herbert_malone_aref_brandenburg_jordan_royals_johnson_2007, title={Role of insecticides in reducing thrips injury to plants and incidence of tomato spotted wilt virus in virginia market-type peanut}, volume={100}, ISSN={["0022-0493"]}, DOI={10.1603/0022-0493(2007)100[1241:ROIIRT]2.0.CO;2}, abstractNote={Abstract Tomato spotted wilt virus (family Bunyaviridae, genus Tospovirus, TSWV), transmitted by many thrips species, is a devastating pathogen of peanut, Arachis hypogaea L. TSWV has become a serious problem in the Virginia/Carolina peanut-growing region of the United States. During 2002, TSWV was present in 47% of the North Carolina hectarage and caused a 5% yield reduction in Virginia. Factors influencing levels of TSWV in runner market-type peanut cultivars, which are primarily grown in Alabama, Flordia, Georgia, and Texas, have been integrated into an advisory to help those peanut growers reduce losses. An advisory based on the southeast runner market-type version is currently under development for virginia market-type peanut cultivars that are grown primarily in the Virginia/Carolina region. A version based on preliminary field experiments was released in 2003. One factor used in both advisories relates to insecticide use to reduce the vector populations and disease incidence. This research elucidated the influence of insecticides on thrips populations, thrips plant injury, incidence of TSWV, and pod yield in virginia market-type peanut. Eight field trials from 2003 to 2005 were conducted at two locations. In-furrow application of aldicarb and phorate resulted in significant levels of thrips control, significant reductions in thrips injury to seedlings, reduced incidence of TSWV, and significant increases in pod yield. Foliar application of acephate after aldicarb or phorate applied in the seed furrow further reduced thrips plant injury and incidence of TSWV and improved yield. These findings will be used to improve the current virginia market-type TSWV advisory.}, number={4}, journal={JOURNAL OF ECONOMIC ENTOMOLOGY}, author={Herbert, D. Ames, Jr. and Malone, S. and Aref, S. and Brandenburg, R. L. and Jordan, D. L. and Royals, B. M. and Johnson, P. D.}, year={2007}, month={Aug}, pages={1241–1247} }
 @article{lancaster_beam_lanier_jordan_johnson_2007, title={Weed and peanut (Arachis hypogaea) response to diclosularn applied POST}, volume={21}, ISSN={["0890-037X"]}, DOI={10.1614/WT-06-151.1}, abstractNote={Diclosulam is generally applied either PPI or PRE to peanut to control certain broadleaf weeds and suppress sedges. Research was conducted to determine efficacy and peanut response to POST applications of diclosulam at 9, 13, 18, and 27 g ai/ha. Efficacy of diclosulam was affected by application rate and environment. Common ragweed control ranged from 60 to 100%, entireleaf morningglory control from 56 to 100%, marestail control from 78 to 85%, and nodding spurge from 50 to 97%. Smooth pigweed and common lambsquarters were both controlled less than 35%. Diclosulam controlled yellow nutsedge and eclipta less than 70 and 80%, respectively. In separate experiments, diclosulam and imazapic controlled dogfennel more effectively than acifluorfen, bentazon, imazethapyr, lactofen, paraquat, or 2,4-DB. Visual estimates of peanut injury were 15% or less for all rates during both years. Peanut yield ranged from 3,340 to 3,730 kg/ha in 2002 and 5,230 to 5,820 kg/ha in 2003. Foliar injury and peanut pod yield were influenced by diclosulam rate, although no clear relation was evident. Cultivar and diclosulam rate did not interact with respect to visual injury or pod yield. Nomenclature: Acifluorfen, bentazon, diclosulam, imazapic, imazethapyr, lactofen, paraquat, 2,4-DB, common lambsquarters, Chenopodium album L. CHEAL, common ragweed, Ambrosia artemisiifolia L. AMBEL, dogfennel, Eupatorium capillifolium (Lam.) Small EUPCP, eclipta, Eclipta prostrata L. ECLAL, entireleaf morningglory, Ipomoea hederaceae var integriscula Gray IPOHG, marestail, Conyza canadensis (L.) Cronq. ERICA, nodding spurge, Chamaesyce nutans (Lag.) Small EPHNU, smooth pigweed, Amaranthus hybridus L. AMACH, yellow nutsedge, Cyperus esculentus L. #CYPES, peanut, Arachis hypogaea L. ‘NC-V 11’ ‘Perry’}, number={3}, journal={WEED TECHNOLOGY}, author={Lancaster, Sarah H. and Beam, Joshua B. and Lanier, James E. and Jordan, David L. and Johnson, P. Dewayne}, year={2007}, pages={618–622} }
 @article{lanier_jordan_spears_wells_johnson_2005, title={Peanut response to inoculation and nitrogen fertilizer}, volume={97}, number={1}, journal={Agronomy Journal}, author={Lanier, J. E. and Jordan, D. L. and Spears, J. F. and Wells, R. and Johnson, P. D.}, year={2005}, pages={79–84} }
 @article{lanier_jordan_barnes_matthews_grabow_griffin_bailey_johnson_spears_wells_2004, title={Disease management in overhead sprinkler and subsurface drip irrigation systems for peanut}, volume={96}, ISSN={["1435-0645"]}, DOI={10.2134/agronj2004.1058}, abstractNote={Experiments were conducted during 2001 and 2002 at one location in North Carolina to compare development of early leaf spot (Cercospora arachidicola Hori), pod yield, and market grade characteristics when peanut (Arachis hypogea L.) was grown under overhead sprinkler irrigation (OSI) and subsurface drip irrigation (SDI) and fungicides were not applied or applied biweekly or based on weather advisories. Incidence of early leaf spot was lower when peanut was grown under SDI compared with OSI when fungicides were not applied. Fewer fungicide applications were needed when applications were based on weather advisories rather than when applied biweekly. There was no difference in early leaf spot control or leaf defoliation resulting from disease when fungicides were applied regardless of irrigation system or fungicide application approach. Pod yield was higher in 2001 under SDI compared with OSI when fungicides were not applied; yield was similar in 2002. Disease severity was much higher in 2001 than in 2002 and most likely explains differences in pod yield between years. No difference in yield was noted when fungicides were applied, regardless of irrigation system. The percentage of extra large kernels (%ELK) was lower in 1 of 2 yr under SDI compared with OSI. There were no differences in percentages of fancy pods (%FP), sound splits (%SS), and other kernels (%OK) among irrigation systems and fungicide programs. In a separate experiment where fungicides were applied biweekly, pod yield, %FP, and %ELK were similar under SDI and OSI but greater than nonirrigated peanut. The %OK was lower when peanut was irrigated.}, number={4}, journal={AGRONOMY JOURNAL}, author={Lanier, JE and Jordan, DL and Barnes, JS and Matthews, J and Grabow, GL and Griffin, WJ and Bailey, JE and Johnson, PD and Spears, JF and Wells, R}, year={2004}, pages={1058–1065} }
 @article{lanier_jordan_spears_wells_johnson_barnes_hurt_brandenburg_bailey_2004, title={Peanut response to planting pattern, row spacing, and irrigation}, volume={96}, ISSN={["1435-0645"]}, DOI={10.2134/agronj2004.1066}, abstractNote={Experiments were conducted from 1999 through 2002 in North Carolina to compare interactions of planting pattern, plant population, and irrigation on peanut (Arachis hypogaea L.) pod yield and market grade characteristics. In additional experiments, pod yield and severity of tomato spotted wilt tospovirus associated with the cultivars NC‐V 11, NC 12C, VA 98R, and Perry were compared in single row (rows spaced 91 cm apart) and standard twin row (two rows spaced 18 cm apart on 91‐cm centers) planting patterns when peanut was dug and vines inverted on two digging dates spaced 10 to 16 d apart. In a third set of experiments, pod yield, market grade characteristics, and severity of tomato spotted wilt tospovirus were compared when the cultivars NC‐V 11 and Perry were planted in single row, standard twin row, and narrow twin row (two rows spaced 18 cm apart on 46‐cm centers) planting patterns. Peanut pod yield was higher in standard twin row planting patterns than when grown in single row planting patterns in some but not all experiments. Planting peanut in the narrow twin row pattern did not increase peanut pod yield over the standard twin row planting pattern. Less tomato spotted wilt was observed in standard or narrow twin row planting patterns compared with single row planting patterns. Planting peanut in single rows spaced 46 cm apart did not improve yield over peanut planted in single rows spaced 91 cm apart or the standard twin row planting pattern, regardless of irrigation treatment.}, number={4}, journal={AGRONOMY JOURNAL}, author={Lanier, JE and Jordan, DL and Spears, JF and Wells, R and Johnson, PD and Barnes, JS and Hurt, CA and Brandenburg, RL and Bailey, JE}, year={2004}, pages={1066–1072} }
 @article{jordan_barnes_bogle_brandenburg_bailey_johnson_culpepper_2003, title={Peanut response to cultivar selection, digging date, and tillage intensity}, volume={95}, ISSN={["1435-0645"]}, DOI={10.2134/agronj2003.0380}, abstractNote={reduced tillage systems often do not exceed those of conventional tillage. Determining the cause of inconsisPeanut (Arachis hypogaea L.) in the United States is generally tent yield response to reduced tillage would be benefigrown in conventionally tilled systems. However, interest in reduced tillage peanut production has increased. Five experiments were concial in determining when reduced tillage systems could ducted in North Carolina to determine if cultivar selection and digging be successfully implemented in peanut production. date affected peanut yield and economic value when peanut was Cultivar selection can have a dramatic effect on crop seeded into conventionally tilled seedbeds compared with strip tillage response to production and pest management practices. into small-grain cover crop or stubble from the crop planted the preCulpepper et al. (1997) reported that peanut cultivars vious summer. In separate experiments, peanut yield and economic responded differently to the plant growth regulator provalue in these tillage systems were compared with peanut strip-tilled hexadione calcium (calcium salt of 3,5-dioxo-4-propiointo beds prepared the previous fall (stale seedbeds). Cultivar selection nylcyclohexanecarboxylic acid). Cultivars also respond and digging date did not affect pod yield or gross value when compardifferently to digging date (Jordan et al., 1998). Disease ing tillage systems. Pod yield in conventional and stale seedbed sysmanagement approaches can be affected by cultivar setems was similar in all five experiments where these systems were compared, and yields in these tillage systems exceeded those of strip lection (Bailey, 2002). Virginia market-type cultivars vary tillage into crop stubble in three of five experiments. Pod yield was considerably in pod size, maturity, and several other agrosimilar among all three tillage systems in the other two experiments. nomic factors (Swann, 2002). Although not well estabIn experiments where only conventional tillage and strip tillage syslished in the literature, pod loss can be severe if peanut tems were compared, pod yield was similar between the two tillage is dug under poor soil conditions (Beam et al., 2002). systems in four experiments, higher in conventional tillage compared It is suspected that pod loss may be greater in reduced with strip tillage in one experiment, and higher for strip tillage comtillage systems than conventional tillage systems bepared with conventional tillage in one experiment. In 16 of 17 comcause the plants may be more difficult to dig. Peanut parisons, pod yield of peanut planted in conventional tillage systems cultivars with larger pods may be more susceptible to equaled or exceeded that of peanut planted into stubble from the digging losses compared with smaller-seeded cultivars previous crop. because they have a greater surface area, which may cause increased exposure to detachment during the digging process. Practitioners indicate that pod loss from P in the United States is typically grown in smaller-seeded runner market types is less than that for conventionally tilled systems (Sholar et al., 1995). large-seeded virginia market types during the digging Peanut response to reduced tillage has been inconsiscomponent of the harvest process. However, these comtent. Research suggests that yields in reduced tillage sysparisons have not been documented in the literature. tems can be lower than (Brandenburg et al., 1998; Cox Determining if pod yield differs among tillage systems and Sholar, 1995; Grichar, 1998; Jordan et al., 2001; for cultivars with different pod sizes may help explain Sholar et al., 1993; Wright and Porter, 1995) or similar inconsistent peanut response to reduced tillage systems. to (Baldwin and Hook, 1998; Dowler et al., 1999; HartStale seedbed crop production has been successful zog et al., 1998; Williams et al., 1998) yields in convenfor a variety of row crops, including soybean [Glycine tional tillage systems. Higher yields in reduced tillage max (L.) Merr.] and cotton (Gossypium hirsutum L.) systems have been associated with lower incidence of (Shaw, 1996). Seedbeds are prepared the previous fall tomato spotted wilt virus (TSWV) (Baldwin and Hook, or during the spring several weeks or months before 1998; Johnson et al., 2001; Wright et al., 2000). In most seeding directly into previously established stale seedexperiments where this disease is not a factor, yields in bed without significant soil disturbance. This approach to peanut production may be a viable alternative to both D.L. Jordan, P.D. Johnson, and A.S. Culpepper, Dep. of Crop Sci., conventional tillage systems and strip tillage directly Box 7620, North Carolina State Univ., Raleigh, NC 27695-7620; J.S. into stubble from the previous crop. Barnes, Peanut Belt Res. Stn., North Carolina Dep. of Agric. and The objectives of this research were to determine if Consumer Serv., Box 220, Lewiston-Woodville, NC 27849; C.R. Bogle, Dep. of Soil Sci., North Carolina State Univ., Upper Coastal Plain peanut response to tillage was associated with cultivar Res. Stn., Box 7619, Raleigh, NC 27695 and North Carolina Dep. of selection and digging date and if peanut yield in stale Agric. and Consumer Serv., Rt. 2 Box 400, Rocky Mount, NC 27801; seedbeds differs from yield in conventional tillage or R.L. Brandenburg, Dep. of Entomol., Box 7613, North Carolina State strip tillage into crop stubble. Univ., Raleigh, NC 27695-7613; and J.E. Bailey, Dep. of Plant Pathol., Box 7616, North Carolina State Univ., Raleigh, NC 27695-7616. ReAbbreviations: CBR, Cylindrocladium black rot; %ELK, percentage ceived 11 Apr. 2002. *Corresponding author (david_jordan@ncsu.edu). of extra large kernels; %TSMK, percentage of total sound mature kernels; TSWV, tomato spotted wilt virus. Published in Agron. J. 95:380–385 (2003).}, number={2}, journal={AGRONOMY JOURNAL}, author={Jordan, DL and Barnes, JS and Bogle, CR and Brandenburg, RL and Bailey, JE and Johnson, PD and Culpepper, AS}, year={2003}, pages={380–385} }
 @article{beam_jordan_york_isleib_bailey_mckemie_spears_johnson_2002, title={Influence of prohexadione calcium on pod yield and pod loss of peanut}, volume={94}, DOI={10.2134/agronj2002.9550}, abstractNote={Excessive vegetative growth of peanut (Arachis hypogaea L.) can make digging and inverting operations less efficient. Reducing vine growth by applying a suitable plant growth regulator would be an efficient way to manage peanut vines. Pod yield, market grade factors, and gross economic value of peanut treated with prohexadione calcium (calcium salt of 3,5-dioxo-4 propionylcyclohexanecarboxylic acid) were evaluated at 19 sites in North Carolina during 1999 and 2000. Experiments were also conducted at two locations each during 1999 and 2000 to determine the effect of prohexadione Ca, digging date, and lifting (shaking peanut vines after digging to remove soil before combining) on combined yield, market grade factors, gross economic value, seed germination, and pod loss of the virginia market-type cultivar NC 12C. Prohexadione Ca at 140 g a.i. ha -1 , applied at 50% row closure and repeated 2 wk later, increased row visibility at harvest, pod yield by 310 kg ha -1 , and gross economic value of quota peanut by $223 ha -1 when pooled over 19 sites. Prohexadione Ca increased combined yield by 220 kg ha -1 and decreased percent pod loss by 4% regardless of digging date and lifting treatment compared with nontreated peanut. Prohexadione Ca did not affect maximum yield (sum of pods remaining in soil and on the soil surface and pods that were combined) or germination of peanut seed. These data suggest that increased combined yield noted following application of prohexadione Ca can be partially attributed to decreased pod loss.}, number={2}, journal={Agronomy Journal}, author={Beam, J. B. and Jordan, D. L. and York, A. C. and Isleib, T. G. and Bailey, J. E. and McKemie, T. E. and Spears, J. F. and Johnson, P. D.}, year={2002}, pages={331–336} }
 @article{jordan_bailey_barnes_bogle_bullen_brown_edmisten_dunphy_johnson_2002, title={Yield and economic return of ten peanut-based cropping systems}, volume={94}, ISSN={["0002-1962"]}, DOI={10.2134/agronj2002.1289}, abstractNote={Research was conducted in North Carolina at two locations from 1997 through 2000 to determine net returns of 10 cropping systems during a 4‐yr cropping cycle that included peanut (Arachis hypogaea L.), cotton (Gossypium hirsutum L.), soybean [Glycine max (L.) Merr.], and corn (Zea mays L.). Cylindrocladium black rot [caused by Cylindrocladium parasiticum] (CBR) increased when soybean was included in the rotation sequence or when peanut was grown continuously. The CBR‐resistant cultivar NC 12C increased yield compared with the susceptible cultivar NC 7 when this disease was present. Cotton was a better rotation crop than corn at one of two locations with respect to peanut yield and gross economic value in the final year of the study. Net returns were substantially lower when peanut was marketed for export in the current federal program rather than at the quota price. However, the profitability ranking among cropping systems changed little regardless of marketing system. Crop yield and net return were influenced by crop selection, weather conditions, and commodity prices during the 4 yr.}, number={6}, journal={AGRONOMY JOURNAL}, author={Jordan, DL and Bailey, JE and Barnes, JS and Bogle, CR and Bullen, SG and Brown, AB and Edmisten, KL and Dunphy, EJ and Johnson, PD}, year={2002}, pages={1289–1294} }
 @article{jordan_beam_johnson_spears_2001, title={Peanut response to prohexadione calcium in three seeding rate-row pattern planting systems}, volume={93}, ISSN={["0002-1962"]}, DOI={10.2134/agronj2001.931232x}, abstractNote={Peanut (Arachis hypogaea L.) in the USA is generally grown in single rows spaced 91 to 102 cm apart. Research suggests that pod yield can be increased by growing peanut in twin rows (18–23 cm spacing) on beds spaced 91 to 102 cm apart. Prohexadione Ca (Ca salt of 3,5‐dioxo‐4‐propionylcyclohexanecarboxylic acid) increases row visibility and in some instances increases pod yield and improves market grade factors. Research was conducted to determine response of peanut grown in three seeding rate–row pattern planting systems (single rows at a seeding rate of 120 kg ha−1 or twin rows spaced 18 cm apart on beds spaced 91 cm apart at seeding rates of 145 and 190 kg ha−1) to prohexadione Ca applied at 50% row closure. Row visibility increased and main stem height was shorter at the end of the season when prohexadione Ca was applied in most environments and for most seeding rate–row pattern combinations when compared with nontreated peanut. Pod yield and gross economic value increased 160 kg ha−1 and $96 ha−1, respectively, when prohexadione Ca was applied irrespective of the seeding rate–row pattern combination or environment. Prohexadione Ca also increased the percentage of extra large kernels (% ELK) but did not affect percentages of sound mature kernels (SMK), other kernels (OK), sound splits (SS), or total sound mature kernels (TSMK). Seeding rate–row pattern combination affected pod yield, market grade, and gross economic value although a consistent trend was not apparent.}, number={1}, journal={AGRONOMY JOURNAL}, author={Jordan, DL and Beam, JB and Johnson, PD and Spears, JF}, year={2001}, pages={232–236} }
 @article{jordan_barnes_bogle_naderman_roberson_johnson_2001, title={Peanut response to tillage and fertilization}, volume={93}, ISSN={["1435-0645"]}, DOI={10.2134/agronj2001.9351125x}, abstractNote={Peanut (Arachis hypogaea L.) in the USA is generally seeded after several primary tillage operations that may include disking, chisel plowing, moldboard plowing, and bedding (conventional tillage systems). Concerns over erosion and production costs have increased interest in reduced tillage systems. Production in reduced tillage systems minimizes ability to incorporate fertilizers below the pegging zone, and residue on soil surface could impact movement of calcium sulfate (CaSO4) into the soil, reducing Ca availability to pegs. Research was conducted from 1997 through 1999 to compare peanut yield and gross economic value of virginia market type peanut planted in conventional and strip tillage systems. Preplant fertilizer did not affect response to tillage. Response did not differ among conventional tillage systems consisting of disk, disk and chisel, or disk and moldboard plow or among reduced tillage systems. Pod yield of peanut grown in the most effective conventional tillage system exceeded yield when peanut was strip‐tilled into stubble of the previous crop, strip‐tilled into a wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) cover crop, or strip‐tilled into beds prepared the previous fall without a cover crop. Tillage system and CaSO4 rate affected pod yield and gross value independently. Gross value increased when CaSO4 was applied regardless of tillage system. These data suggest that preplant fertilizer at relatively low, remedial rates does not affect peanut response to tillage systems. These data also suggest that tillage system does not have a major impact on peanut response to CaSO4. Collectively, these data indicate that the highest peanut yields occur in conventional tillage systems.}, number={5}, journal={AGRONOMY JOURNAL}, author={Jordan, DL and Barnes, JS and Bogle, CR and Naderman, GC and Roberson, GT and Johnson, PD}, year={2001}, pages={1125–1130} }
 @article{jordan_johnson_1998, title={Influence of adjuvants on efficacy of 2,4-DB, CADRE, and Strongarm}, volume={51}, number={1998}, journal={Proceedings, Southern Weed Science Society}, author={Jordan, D. L. and Johnson, P. D.}, year={1998}, pages={60–61} }