@article{rajab_andersen_kenter_berlinsky_borski_mcginty_ashwell_ferket_daniels_reading_2024, title={Combinatorial metabolomic and transcriptomic analysis of muscle growth in hybrid striped bass (female white bass <i>Morone chrysops</i> x male striped bass <i>M. saxatilis</i>)}, volume={25}, ISSN={["1471-2164"]}, DOI={10.1186/s12864-024-10325-y}, number={1}, journal={BMC GENOMICS}, author={Rajab, Sarah A. S. and Andersen, Linnea K. and Kenter, Linas W. and Berlinsky, David L. and Borski, Russell J. and McGinty, Andrew S. and Ashwell, Christopher M. and Ferket, Peter R. and Daniels, Harry V. and Reading, Benjamin J.}, year={2024}, month={Jun} }
 @article{omaliko_ferket_ogundare_apalowo_enenya_iwuozo_han_fasina_2024, title={Impact of dietary fat types on expression levels of dopamine and serotonin transporters in the ileum of broiler chickens}, volume={103}, ISSN={["1525-3171"]}, DOI={10.1016/j.psj.2024.104114}, abstractNote={Various types of dietary fats undergo distinct fermentation processes by gut microbes, potentially leading to the production of neurotransmitters that can influence the gut. Serotonin and dopamine are recognized neurotransmitters with positive effects on gut function. A broiler chicken trial was conducted to evaluate the influence of dietary fat types on protein expression of 2 neurotransmitter transporters, dopamine (DAT) and serotonin (5-HTT). A total of 560 day-old (Ross 708) male broiler chicks were randomly assigned to 7 dietary treatments. The experimental treatments included a basal diet of corn-soybean meal (SBM), supplemented with 3% of various fats: poultry fat (CON), olive oil (OLIV), fish oil (FISH), canola oil (CANO), lard (LARD), coconut oil (COCO), or flaxseed oil (FLAX). Bodyweight (BW) and feed conversion ratio (FCR) were recorded. Ileal tissues were aseptically collected to determine the expression levels of DAT and 5-HTT through western blot analysis. In addition, plasma samples were analyzed for reactive oxygen metabolites (d-ROM) tests on d 55. Results showed that dietary fat type inclusion did not have any detrimental effect on growth performance parameters. The expression levels of DAT were higher (P < 0.05) in FLAX treatments compared to CON treatments on d 20 and d 55, respectively. Similarly, with 5-HTT levels, FLAX, CANO, and LARD treatments were higher (P < 0.05) than CON treatments on d 20 and d 55. However, higher levels of oxidative stress (d-ROM values) were recorded in COCO (32.75 Carr U), CANO (29 Carr U), and CON treatments (25.5 Carr U) compared to FLAX (18.5 Carr U; P < 0.05) treatment. These findings suggest that incorporating dietary flaxseed oil at a 3% level in the diet has significant potential to elevate the expression levels of intestinal DAT and 5-HTT without inducing oxidative stress.}, number={11}, journal={POULTRY SCIENCE}, author={Omaliko, Paul C. and Ferket, Peter R. and Ogundare, Tunde E. and Apalowo, Oluwabunmi O. and Enenya, Ikenna G. and Iwuozo, Odinaka C. and Han, Jian and Fasina, Yewande O.}, year={2024}, month={Nov} }
 @article{flores_carvalho_reading_fahrenholz_ferket_grimes_2023, title={Machine learning and data mining methodology to predict nominal and numeric performance body weight values using Large White male turkey datasets}, volume={32}, ISSN={["1537-0437"]}, DOI={10.1016/j.japr.2023.100366}, abstractNote={Large biological data sets with many variables and a small number of biological replicates ("omics" sciences and industry data) are challenging to analyze with traditional inferential statistics. Statistical models can be applied to data containing more observations than variables, and they are strongly suited for this purpose. However, the power to detect actual differences is reduced when the number of comparisons exceeds the number of experimental replicates or observations. Machine learning (ML) allows researchers to evaluate treatments groups or multiple categories of variables with fewer observations. Thus, it has become a tool used to predict phenomena and evaluate relationships within datasets that are less suited for traditional statistics. Data mining (DM) helps researchers to identify the most critical variables in an ML predictive model and can be used akin to "statistical significance" for interpretation. This current effort aimed to develop ML and DM methodologies while applying them to predict Large White male turkey body weight (BW). Data from a previously reported study were used. Bird BW, weekly BW gain (BWG), feed intake (FI), feed conversion ratio (FCR), small intestine pH, cloacal temperature, density, microbiome taxa, litter content of Mn and Zn, were used as variables for the ML analysis. A total of 253 variables were used in ML and DM analysis. BW and FI at 18 wk were classified as low, objective, and high based on a 5% for BW and 3% for FI margin of the Aviagen male turkey objectives for ML analysis. The WEKA 3.8.5 Experimenter tool used various classification and regression algorithms with a 10-fold cross-validation system to predict 18 wk BW based on input data. A single algorithm made the most practical model, from 3 models constructed, with a correlation of 0.73 and a root square error of 0.26 based only on turkey 14 wk BW. In conclusion, these ML and DM tools could be applied to turkey research and production systems by analyzing large data sets to predict growth performance.}, number={4}, journal={JOURNAL OF APPLIED POULTRY RESEARCH}, author={Flores, K. R. and Carvalho, L. V. F. M. and Reading, B. J. and Fahrenholz, A. and Ferket, P. R. and Grimes, J. L.}, year={2023}, month={Dec} }
 @article{deck_salger_reynolds_tada_severance_ferket_egna_fatema_haque_borski_2023, title={Nutritional programming in Nile tilapia <i>(</i>Oreochromis<i> </i>niloticus<i>)</i>: Effect of low dietary protein on growth and the intestinal microbiome and transcriptome}, volume={18}, ISSN={["1932-6203"]}, DOI={10.1371/journal.pone.0292431}, abstractNote={Nutritional programming is the idea that early nutrient contributions can influence organismal structure or function and is documented in a variety of vertebrates, yet studies in fish are largely lacking. Tilapia are an important foodfish, with global production having increased rapidly since the 1990s. They exhibit high disease-resistance and grow well on formulated feeds which makes them an ideal aquaculture species, however incorporating high quality proteins into feeds can be costly. As feed constitutes 50–70% of total production costs in aquaculture, reducing protein content could curb these costs and increase revenue. Thus, we examined the effects of feeding Nile tilapia (O. niloticus) fry a restricted protein diet for the first 7–21 days on growth, gut microbial flora, and the intestinal transcriptome. Fish were fed either a 25% restricted or 48% control crude protein starter (ST) diet for up to 21 days and then switched to a 25% or 38% control crude protein growout (GO) diet. Fish fed a 25% ST diet for 14 days followed by a 38% GO diet had significantly higher lengths and weights and better feed efficiency than fish fed the control 48% ST and 38% GO diet after 56 days of culture. Growth of fry on the 25% ST, 7-day/38% GO and the 25% ST,7-day/25% GO diets did not differ from the those fed the control protein diets, while fish fed the 25% ST diet for 21 days had significantly lower growth and survival rates. We observed no significant differences in either alpha or beta diversity of the gut microbial flora between diets, however species richness (Shannon Index) was higher in fry fed the 25% protein ST diet regardless of the GO diet. Similarly, fish fed the 25% ST diet for 14 days followed by the 38% GO diet had minimal changes to the intestinal transcriptome relative to fish fed the control 48% ST and 38% GO diet. However, those fed 25% ST and GO diets for the entire 56 days exhibited substantial differences in the gut transcriptome from other groups showing gene expression profiles characteristic of detrimental changes to gut physiology, protein metabolism and immune function. Results suggest protein restriction for up to 14 days early in development leads to enhanced growth and feed efficiency with minimal effects on gut microbes or intestinal function. Protein restriction beyond this period appears detrimental to fish growth and health as underscored by expression of disease related genes and higher mortality rates.}, number={10}, journal={PLOS ONE}, author={Deck, Courtney A. and Salger, Scott A. and Reynolds, Hannah M. and Tada, Michael D. and Severance, Madeline E. and Ferket, Peter and Egna, Hillary S. and Fatema, Mst. Kaniz and Haque, Shahroz M. and Borski, Russell J.}, year={2023}, month={Oct} }
 @article{dosu_obanla_zhang_sang_adetunji_fahrenholz_ferket_nagabhushanam_fasina_2023, title={Supplementation of ginger root extract into broiler chicken diet: effects on growth performance and immunocompetence}, volume={102}, ISSN={["1525-3171"]}, DOI={10.1016/j.psj.2023.102897}, abstractNote={Ginger contain bioactive compounds that possess anti-inflammatory and antimicrobial properties. In this study, 432-day-old Ross 708 broiler male chicks were randomly allocated to six dietary treatments to investigate the effect of ginger root extract (GRE) on immunocompetence and growth performance to 6 wk of age. Treatment 1 (CON) consisted of chicks fed a corn-soybean meal (SBM), a base diet without GRE. Treatment 2 (MX) chicks were given basal diets containing bacitracin methylene disalicylate (BMD) at 0.055 g/kg. Treatments 3 (GRE-0.375%), 4 (GRE-0.75%), 5 (GRE-1.5%) and 6 (GRE-3%) were fed similar diet to control with GRE supplemented at 0.375%, 0.75%, 1.5% and 3%, respectively. Moreover, HPLC Analysis of GRE was carried out to determine the concentration of bioactive compounds found in GRE. Each treatment consisted of 6 replicate pens with 12 chicks/pen. Bodyweight (BW) and feed conversion ratio (FCR) were recorded. Results show that the concentration of bioactive compounds increased with increasing GRE supplementation. Likewise, dietary GRE supplementation did not have any detrimental effect on growth performance parameters up to 1.5%, as values for BWG was not different from CON and MX; however, 3% GRE had the poorest FCR and a lower BWG as compared to other treatments. On d 27 and d 41, fecal and cecal concentrations of total bacteria count (TBC), Escherichia coli, Lactobacillus spp., and Bifidobacterium spp enumerated using selective plating media showed that GRE supplementation significantly reduced (P < 0.05) the amount of TBC and E. coli but increased the number of beneficial microorganisms such as Lactobacillus spp. and Bifidobacterium spp. On d 20, no significant differences were observed (P > 0.05) among all treatments for antibody titer against Newcastle Disease virus and Total IgY antibodies, however, on d 27, GRE-0.75% had the highest value for both immune indicators and was not different from MX. Dietary supplementation of GRE up to 1.5% enhanced the immune system and suppressed E. coli while promoting the growth of healthy bacteria, without any detrimental effect on growth performance.}, number={10}, journal={POULTRY SCIENCE}, author={Dosu, George and Obanla, Temitayo O. and Zhang, Shuwei and Sang, Shengmin and Adetunji, Adedeji O. and Fahrenholz, Adam C. and Ferket, Peter R. and Nagabhushanam, Kalyanam and Fasina, Yewande O.}, year={2023}, month={Oct} }
 @article{alig_ferket_malheiros_anderson_2023, title={The Effect of Housing Environment on Commercial Brown Egg Layer Production, USDA Grade and USDA Size Distribution}, volume={13}, ISSN={["2076-2615"]}, DOI={10.3390/ani13040694}, abstractNote={Consumer demand for retail cage-free eggs is driving the layer industry towards greater use of extensive housing environments. However, there is limited research on how these environments affect egg production characteristics of brown egg layers, as was the focus of this study. Five housing environments were evaluated under typical industry conditions, including conventional cages, enrichable colony cages, enriched colony cages, cage-free and free-range. Three different brown egg laying strains were housed in the different housing environments and managed according to standard husbandry practices and stocking densities. Data collection for the strains began at 17 weeks of age, with a base period of 28 days for feed weigh backs and egg quality assessments. Housing environment had a highly significant (p < 0.0001) effect on all egg production characteristics measured, including egg production rates (% hen-day and % hen-housed), feed consumption (g/bird/day), feed conversion (egg g/feed g), and mortality rate (%) as well as percent grade A, B, and loss. Previous research revealed better egg production metrics for white egg layers in caged environments than extensive environments. In contrast, we observed brown egg layers had optimum production results for the free-range housing environments, and the poorest performance in enrichable colony cages.}, number={4}, journal={ANIMALS}, author={Alig, Benjamin N. and Ferket, Peter R. and Malheiros, Ramon D. and Anderson, Kenneth E.}, year={2023}, month={Feb} }
 @article{malheiros_malheiros_anderson_toomer_ferket_2022, title={Breeders fed diets supplemented with conventional free or lipid microencapsulated premix forms of trace minerals at standard or high levels}, volume={101}, number={Supplement 1}, journal={Poultry Science}, author={Malheiros, D.M. and Malheiros, R.D. and Anderson, K.E. and Toomer, O.T. and Ferket, P.R.}, year={2022} }
 @article{tedeschi_bureau_ferket_trottier_2021, title={ASAS-NANP SYMPOSIUM: Mathematical modeling in animal nutrition: training the future generation in data and predictive analytics for sustainable development. A Summary}, volume={99}, ISSN={0021-8812 1525-3163}, url={http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/jas/skab023}, DOI={10.1093/jas/skab023}, abstractNote={Data analytics and mathematical modeling (MM) are essential to understand complex systems related to science and society (National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine, 2019). Mathematical modeling can be defined as an abstraction and simplification of reality to capture and integrate interactions within a system. It has been a vital tool in animal nutrition for over 100 yr (France and Kebreab, 2008). In animal nutrition, MM is essential to make decisions that can be applied in the real world, such as balancing diets, dietary supplementation responses, and excretion of nutrients given a specific diet (Tedeschi and Fox, 2020). However, despite MM’s importance, there are few opportunities for students and researchers to receive training in modeling principles. Recent advancements in data and predictive analytics (Tedeschi, 2019a), including artificial intelligence (AI), make this lack of training an even more daunting challenge for further developing MM. Hence, the main goals of the Modeling Committee of the National Animal Nutrition Program (NANP; https://animalnutrition. org) are to 1) raise awareness of the needs and methods for quantitative MM approaches for data and predictive analytics and 2) develop MM skills for future generations in animal science programs. Symposium Overview}, number={2}, journal={Journal of Animal Science}, publisher={Oxford University Press (OUP)}, author={Tedeschi, Luis O and Bureau, Dominique P and Ferket, Peter R and Trottier, Nathalie L}, year={2021}, month={Feb} }
 @inproceedings{ferket_2021, title={An ecological approach to manage gut health in turkeys}, url={https://midwestpoultry.com/wp-content/uploads/2021/05/An_Ecological_Approach_to_Manag_Dr_Peter_Ferket.pdf}, booktitle={PEAK 2021}, author={Ferket, P.}, year={2021} }
 @article{fasina_obanla_ferket_shah_2021, title={Comparative efficacy of spray-dried plasma and bacitracin methylene disalicylate in reducing cecal colonization by Salmonella Enteritidis in broiler chickens}, volume={100}, ISSN={0032-5791}, url={http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.psj.2021.101134}, DOI={10.1016/j.psj.2021.101134}, abstractNote={Spray-dried plasma (SDP) contains immunoglobulins and glycoproteins that possess antibacterial properties. Two floor-pen trials were conducted to determine the efficacy of dietary SDP and bacitracin methylene disalicylate (BMD) antibiotic in reducing intestinal colonization by Salmonella Enteritidis (SE) in broiler chickens. Experiment 1 was a 2-wk, 3 × 2 factorial design consisting of 6 treatments. Treatment CON consisted of chicks fed unmedicated corn-soybean meal (SBM) basal without SDP. Treatment BMD consisted of chicks given unmedicated corn-SBM basal into which BMD was added at 0.055g/kg diet. Treatment SDP consisted of chicks given unmedicated corn-SBM basal into which SDP was added at 30g/kg diet. Treatments CON-SE, BMD-SE, and SDP-SE consisted of chicks that were given diets similar to CON, BMD, and SDP, respectively, and were each inoculated with 7.46 × 108 CFU SE /mL at 1 day of age. Experiment 2 was a 42-day trial that was similar to Experiment 1 in design, except that chicks were placed on fresh clean litter. On d 3, 7, 14, and 28 post-challenge (PC), ceca SE concentration was enumerated on xylose lysine tergitol-4 (XLT4) agar. Body weight gain (BWG) and feed conversion ratio (FCR) were also recorded. Results for d 3 showed that BMD- and SDP-fed chicks had similar (P > 0.05) cecal SE (3.39 log 10 CFU / g and 3.58 log 10 CFU / g, respectively), but these levels were lower (P < 0.05) than that of CON-fed chicks (5.68 log 10 CFU / g). A similar trend was observed on d 7 and 14 PC. The BMD- and SDP-fed chicks also had higher BWG and FCR (P < 0.05) when compared with CON-fed chicks up to d 14. Thereafter, only BMD treatment sustained this growth-promoting effect till d 42 in SE-challenged birds. In conclusion, BMD and SDP showed similar efficacy in reducing cecal Salmonella and in mitigating consequent growth-depressing effect(s) in broiler chicks up to 2 wk of age.}, number={7}, journal={Poultry Science}, publisher={Elsevier BV}, author={Fasina, Yewande O. and Obanla, Temitayo O. and Ferket, Peter R. and Shah, Devendra H.}, year={2021}, month={Jul}, pages={101134} }
 @article{flores_fahrenholz_ferket_biggs_grimes_2021, title={Effect of methionine chelated Zn and Mn and corn particle size on Large White male turkey live performance and carcass yields}, volume={100}, ISSN={["1525-3171"]}, url={http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?eid=2-s2.0-85115128987&partnerID=MN8TOARS}, DOI={10.1016/j.psj.2021.101444}, abstractNote={Most turkey research has been conducted with a regular corn particle size set through phase-feeding programs. This study's first objective was to determine the effect of increasing corn particle size through the feed phases on performance, processing yield, and feed milling energy usage in Large White commercial male turkey production. Zinc (Zn) and manganese (Mn) are essential microminerals for animals' healthy growth. The source in which these elements are supplied to the bird will determine their bioavailability, effect on bird growth, and subsequent environmental impact. This study's second objective was to measure both inorganic and chelated Zn and Mn sources on turkey performance, turkey carcass processing yields, and subsequent litter residues. Twelve hundred Nicolas Select male poults were randomly assigned to 48 concrete; litter-covered floor pens. The experimental design was a completely randomized block design with a 2 × 2 factorial arrangement of 2 sources of minerals (organic blend vs. inorganic) formulated to match breeder recommendations and 2 types of corn mean particle size (coarse corn [1,000–3,500 µm] vs. fine corn [276 µm]). The ASABE S319.4 standard was used to measure corn mean particle size. Bird performance, carcass processing yield, litter content of Zn and Mn, and pellet mill energy consumption were analyzed in SAS 9.4 in a mixed model. There was a reduction of pellet mill energy usage of 36% when coarse corn was added post-pelleting. Birds fed increasing coarse corn mean particle size were 250 g lighter on average in body weight (BW) than birds fed a constant control mean particle size. No difference was found in feed intake (FI) or feed conversion ratio (FCR). Birds fed methionine chelated Zn and Mn blended with inorganic mineral sources were 250 g heavier on average than birds fed only an inorganic source of minerals. In addition, feeding an organic blend of Zn and Mn resulted in greater breast meat yield. Litter from birds fed the control corn mean particle size, and inorganic minerals had a higher concentration of Zn in the litter but were not different when the chelated Zn/Mn were fed. In conclusion, increasing the corn mean particle size and adding it post pellet could save money during feed milling; however, birds might have a slightly lower BW. A combination of inorganic and chelated Zn and Mn may improve performance and increase total breast meat yields.}, number={11}, journal={POULTRY SCIENCE}, author={Flores, K. R. and Fahrenholz, A. and Ferket, P. R. and Biggs, T. J. and Grimes, J. L.}, year={2021}, month={Nov} }
 @inproceedings{chen_ferket_2021, title={The animal health and nutrition consortium: a collaborative model to fund pre-competitive research and career development}, booktitle={Symposium on Gut Health in Production of Food Animals. 10/31-11/3/2021, St. Louis Missouri}, author={Chen, C. and Ferket, P.}, year={2021} }
 @article{givisiez_moreira filho_santos_oliveira_ferket_oliveira_malheiros_2020, title={Chicken embryo development: metabolic and morphological basis for in ovo feeding technology}, volume={99}, ISSN={["1525-3171"]}, DOI={10.1016/j.psj.2020.09.074}, abstractNote={Broiler embryonic development depends on the nutrients that are available in the egg, which includes mostly water, lipids, and proteins. Carbohydrates represent less than 1%, and free glucose only 0.3%, of the total nutrients. Considering that energy requirements increase during incubation and metabolism is shifted toward the use of glycogen stores and gluconeogenesis from amino acids, extensive muscle protein degradation in the end of incubation can compromise chick development in the initial days after hatch. Significant prehatch changes occur in embryonic metabolism to parallel the rapid embryonic development. Oral consumption of the amniotic fluid begins around 17 d of incubation and promotes rapid development of the intestinal mucosa, which is characterized by morphological changes and increased expression and activity of enzymes and transporters. Furthermore, ingested substrates are stored as nutritional reserves to be used during hatching and in the first week after hatch. At hatch, this limited-nutrient store is directed to the functional development of the gastrointestinal tract to enable assimilation of exogenous nutrients. In ovo feeding is an alternative to deliver essential nutrients to chick embryos at this critical and challenging phase. The improved nutritional status and physiological changes triggered by in ovo feeding can resonate throughout the entire rearing period with significant health and economic gains. The present review addresses the main changes in metabolism and intestinal development throughout incubation, and also addresses scientific advances, limitations and future perspectives associated with the use of in ovo feeding that has been regarded as an important technology by the poultry industry.}, number={12}, journal={POULTRY SCIENCE}, author={Givisiez, Patricia E. N. and Moreira Filho, Alexandre L. B. and Santos, Maylane R. B. and Oliveira, Heraldo B. and Ferket, Peter R. and Oliveira, Celso J. B. and Malheiros, Ramon D.}, year={2020}, month={Dec}, pages={6774–6782} }
 @article{jababu_blue_ferket_fasina_2020, title={Comparative Effects of Spray-Dried Plasma and Bacitracin Methylene Disalicylate on Intestinal Development in Broiler Chicks}, volume={19}, ISSN={1682-8356}, url={http://dx.doi.org/10.3923/ijps.2020.161.168}, DOI={10.3923/ijps.2020.161.168}, number={4}, journal={International Journal of Poultry Science}, publisher={Science Alert}, author={Jababu, Y. and Blue, C. and Ferket, P.R. and Fasina, Y.O.}, year={2020}, month={Mar}, pages={161–168} }
 @article{jazi_farahi_khajali_abousaad_ferket_assadi soumeh_2020, title={Effect of dietary supplementation of whey powder and
            <i>Bacillus subtilis
            on growth performance, gut and hepatic function, and muscle antioxidant capacity of Japanese quail}, volume={104}, ISSN={0931-2439 1439-0396}, url={http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/jpn.13323}, DOI={10.1111/jpn.13323}, abstractNote={AbstractThis experiment was conducted to evaluate the effects of dietary supplementation of whey powder (WP), Bacillus subtilis (BAS), and their combination (MIX) on growth performance, intestinal morphology, caecal microflora, hepatic gene expression, blood metabolites, and skeletal muscle antioxidant capacity in Japanese quails. A total of 400 one‐day‐old Japanese quails were randomly distributed to 20‐floor pens (4 dietary treatments, 5 replications per treatment, 20 birds per pen). The birds were fed a basal diet (control, CON) or the basal diet supplemented with 40 g/kg WP, 1 g/kg BAS probiotic or 40 g/kg WP plus 1 g/kg BAS probiotic for five weeks. Feed intake was not affected by the treatments at any stage of the trial. However, the WP, BAS, and MIX feed had better weight gain and feed conversion ratio compared to the CON during the entire production period (day 1–35; p < .05). Feeding the WP, BAS, and MIX diets caused no significant difference in morphometric measures in the duodenum, jejunum, and ileum other than the villus height to crypt depth ratio in the ileum (p < .05). The expression of insulin‐like growth factor‐1 (IGF‐1) and growth hormone genes was highly upregulated in the liver of the birds fed the MIX diet (p < .05). Feeding birds with the diets containing WP, BAS, and MIX increased the population of caecal lactic acid bacteria and reduced serum cholesterol concentration compared to the CON diet (p < .05). Likewise, the tested feed additives increased superoxide dismutase and glutathione peroxidase enzyme activities in the thigh muscle (p < .05). No synergistic effect was found between WP and BAS in studied parameters other than IGF‐1 gene expression. Improved growth performance of Japanese quails by feeding the WP, BAS, and the MIX feed could be linked to improved absorptive capacity of the small intestine as well as over‐expression of anabolic growth factors. In conclusion, WP with or without BAS could be considered as a beneficial dietary supplement to enhance productive performance, gut functionality, and antioxidant capacity of Japanese quail.}, number={3}, journal={Journal of Animal Physiology and Animal Nutrition}, publisher={Wiley}, author={Jazi, Vahid and Farahi, Majid and Khajali, Fariborz and Abousaad, Shaymma and Ferket, Peter and Assadi Soumeh, Elham}, year={2020}, month={Feb}, pages={886–897} }
 @article{anderson_alig_ferket_malheiros_2020, title={Effect of housing environment and hen age on white shell egg solids and quality}, volume={99}, number={Supplement}, journal={Poultry Science}, author={Anderson, K.A. and Alig, B.N. and Ferket, P.R. and Malheiros, R.D.}, year={2020}, pages={52} }
 @article{ferket_malheiros_moraes_ayoola_barasch_toomer_torrent_2020, title={Effects of functional oils on the growth, carcass and meat characteristics, and intestinal morphology of commercial turkey toms}, volume={99}, ISSN={0032-5791}, url={http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.psj.2020.03.050}, DOI={10.1016/j.psj.2020.03.050}, abstractNote={Two experiments were conducted to evaluate the effects of functional oils containing cashew nutshell and castor oil on turkey performance and intestinal morphology. In experiment 1, 585 hatchlings were randomly placed in 15 replicate floor pens, (13 poults/pen) with recycled litter and provided feed and water ad libitum. Birds were randomly assigned to 3 dietary treatments from 1 to 12 wk: nonmedicated control, 0.15% functional oils, and 66-ppm monensin. From wk 13 to 20, each initial treatment group was further divided into 3 treatments—control (no additive), 0.15% of functional oils, or 20 ppm of virginiamycin to produce 9 different treatments, 5 replicate pens per treatment. Data on feed weights were collected weekly, and body weight bi-weekly. At termination (20 wk), birds were euthanized, and their meat was processed to determine mass of carcass sections and meat quality, while intestinal samples were collected for histology. In experiment 1, toms fed monensin or functional oils were 10.5 and 4.5% heavier (P < 0.05), respectively, than the controls at 12 wk. Birds fed monensin had a 4% improvement (P < 0.05) in feed conversion as compared to the other treatments. Neither virginiamycin nor the functional oils affected bird performance when fed from 13 to 20 wk. The jejunum villi surface area at 3 wk was most enhanced (P < 0.05) for the poults fed monensin. Supplementation with functional oils significantly reduced leg yield and thiobarbituric-acid reactive substances of white meat after 7 D of storage (P < 0.05). There were no effects on performance or carcass characteristics in experiment 2. While additional confirmatory studies are needed, functional oils in the diet of turkey toms may be a viable alternative to antibiotic growth promotants.}, number={7}, journal={Poultry Science}, publisher={Elsevier BV}, author={Ferket, P.R. and Malheiros, R.D. and Moraes, V.M.B. and Ayoola, A.A. and Barasch, I. and Toomer, O.T. and Torrent, J.}, year={2020}, month={Jul}, pages={3752–3760} }
 @article{vieira_ferket_malheiros_hannas_crivellari_moraes_elliott_2020, title={Feeding low dietary levels of organic trace minerals improves broiler performance and reduces excretion of minerals in litter}, volume={61}, ISSN={0007-1668 1466-1799}, url={http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00071668.2020.1764908}, DOI={10.1080/00071668.2020.1764908}, abstractNote={ABSTRACT 1. This experiment was conducted to evaluate the effect of organic and inorganic trace minerals in diets fed to 1872, one-day-old male Ross 708 broiler chicks. Two sources of supplemental trace minerals (inorganic or organic) and four trace minerals levels (12.5%, 25.0%, 37.5% or 50.0%) plus a positive control containing inorganic minerals at 100% of recommended levels according to Brazilian industry standards, were used in the diets. 2. When analysed with mineral source as the main factor, broilers fed diets containing organic minerals had better feed conversion (FCR) throughout the trial, until 48 d of age (1.754 organic vs. 1.783 inorganic; P < 0.05), improved liveability at 48 d (95.8% organic vs. 93.6% inorganic; P < 0.05) and higher weight gain at 48 d (3.941 kg organic vs. 3.881 kg inorganic; P < 0.05) compared to the inorganic trace mineral diets. At lower dietary inclusion levels (12.5% and 25%) the organic mineral-fed birds had a four-point improvement in FCR (P < 0.05). 3. Feeding organic minerals improved tibial ash at 48 d from 49.5% to 51.25% (P < 0.05). The P and Ca in the tibia at 48 d were significantly (P < 0.05) higher for the birds fed organic minerals (Ca: 17.4% vs. 18.7%; P: 8.8% vs. 9.4%, respectively). The lower levels of trace minerals in feed reduced the mineral concentration of Zn, Cu and Mn in the faeces and, hence, in the litter (P < 0.05). 4. Feeding organic minerals promoted a small, but statistically significant, drop in pH of breast meat compared to inorganic minerals at 48 d (5.83 vs. 5.86, respectively; P < 0.05). The organic mineral diets reduced drip loss in breast meat compared to inorganic trace mineral supplementation at 32 d of age, but not in older birds (2.46% vs. 3.77%, respectively; P < 0.05). 5. Oxidation status, measured by superoxide dismutase activity in breast muscle at 48 d of age, significantly increased with mineral inclusion levels (P < 0.001), irrespective of source. 6. It was concluded that the use of organic minerals, even at low levels in the diet, is beneficial for broiler performance and reduces the excretion of minerals in litter.}, number={5}, journal={British Poultry Science}, publisher={Informa UK Limited}, author={Vieira, R. and Ferket, P. and Malheiros, R. and Hannas, M. and Crivellari, R. and Moraes, V. and Elliott, S.}, year={2020}, month={Jun}, pages={574–582} }
 @article{wedegaertner_fahrenholz_bunod_fontaine_ferket_2020, title={Handling Characteristic Evaluation of Free, Standard and Lipid Microencapsulated Vitamin and Mineral Premixes}, volume={10}, ISSN={2161-6256 2161-6256}, url={http://dx.doi.org/10.17265/2161-6256/2020.05.002}, DOI={10.17265/2161-6256/2020.05.002}, number={5}, journal={Journal of Agricultural Science and Technology A}, publisher={David Publishing Company}, author={Wedegaertner, Olivia and Fahrenholz, Adam and Bunod, Jean-Daniel and Fontaine, Jean and Ferket, Peter}, year={2020}, month={Oct} }
 @article{abousaad_malheiros_ferket_2020, title={In ovo feeding of clostridiale strains modulate gut microbiome}, volume={99}, number={Supplement 1}, journal={Poultry Science}, author={Abousaad, S.M. and Malheiros, R.D. and Ferket, P.R.}, year={2020}, pages={130} }
 @article{toomer_sanders_vu_livingston_wall_malheiros_carvalho_livingston_ferket_anderson_2020, title={Potential Transfer of Peanut and/or Soy Proteins from Poultry Feed to the Meat and/or Eggs Produced}, volume={5}, ISSN={2470-1343 2470-1343}, url={http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/acsomega.9b03218}, DOI={10.1021/acsomega.9b03218}, abstractNote={Previous studies have demonstrated that allergenic feed proteins from peanuts in the diets of layer hens are not detected in the eggs produced. Hence, in this study, we aimed to determine if soy and/or peanut proteins in poultry feed rations of broiler chickens or layer hens would be transferred or detectable in the meat or eggs produced. To meet this objective, 99 layer hens and 300 broiler chickens were equally divided into treatment groups and fed one of three experimental diets: control soybean meal and corn diet, whole unblanched high-oleic peanut and corn diet (HO PN), or a control diet spiked supplemented with oleic acid (OA) oil. At termination, broiler chickens were processed, and chicken breast samples of the left pectoralis muscle were collected, and eggs were collected from layers. Total protein extracts from pooled egg samples and chicken breast samples were subjected to enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) methods and immunoblotting analysis with rabbit antipeanut agglutinin antibodies and rabbit antisoy antibodies for the detection of peanut and soy proteins. Peanut and soy proteins were undetected in all pooled egg samples and individual chicken breast meat samples using immunoblotting techniques with rabbit antipeanut agglutinin and rabbit antisoy antibodies. Moreover, quantitative ELISA allergen detection methods determined all pooled egg samples and individual meat samples as “not containing” peanut or soy allergens. Therefore, this study helps to evaluate the risk associated with the potential transfer of allergenic proteins from animal feed to the products produced for human consumption.}, number={2}, journal={ACS Omega}, publisher={American Chemical Society (ACS)}, author={Toomer, Ondulla T. and Sanders, Elliot and Vu, Thien C. and Livingston, Matthew L. and Wall, Brittany and Malheiros, Ramon D. and Carvalho, Luiz Victor and Livingston, Kim A. and Ferket, Peter R. and Anderson, Kenneth E.}, year={2020}, month={Jan}, pages={1080–1085} }
 @inproceedings{alig_malheiros_ferket_anderson_2020, title={The effect of housing environment on commercial brown egg layer performance}, booktitle={2020 International Poultry Scientific Forum}, author={Alig, B. and Malheiros, R. and Ferket, P. and Anderson, K.}, year={2020}, pages={38} }
 @article{alig_ferket_malheiros_anderson_2020, title={The effect of housing environment on commercial white egg layer performance}, volume={99}, number={Supplement 1}, journal={Poultry Science}, author={Alig, B. and Ferket, P. and Malheiros, R. and Anderson, K.}, year={2020}, pages={51} }
 @article{alig_ferket_malheiros_anderson_2020, title={The effect of housing environment on egg quality and solids of commercial brown egg layers}, volume={99}, number={Supplement 1}, journal={Poultry Science}, author={Alig, B.N. and Ferket, P.R. and Malheiros, R.D. and Anderson, K.A.}, year={2020}, pages={53} }
 @article{toomer_sanders_vu_malheiros_redhead_livingston_livingston_carvalho_ferket_2020, title={The effects of high-oleic peanuts as an alternative feed ingredient on broiler performance, ileal digestibility, apparent metabolizable energy, and histology of the intestine}, volume={4}, ISSN={["2573-2102"]}, DOI={10.1093/tas/txaa137}, abstractNote={Abstract
               Locally grown feed ingredients of high energy and protein content, such as peanuts, maybe economically feasible alternatives to corn and soybean meal in broiler diets. Even though normal-oleic peanuts have been demonstrated to be a viable feed ingredient for poultry, few studies to date have examined the use of high-oleic peanuts (HO PN) as an alternative feed ingredient for broiler chickens. Thus, we aimed to determine the effect of feeding HO PN on broiler performance, nutrient digestibility, and intestinal morphology. Three isocaloric, isonitrogenous experimental diets were formulated with 1) dietary inclusion of ~10% coarse-ground whole HO PN; 2) a corn-soybean meal control diet with 5.5% added poultry fat; and 3) a control diet supplemented with 5.5% oleic fatty acid oil. Three-hundred Ross 708 broilers were randomly placed in 10 replicate pens per treatment with 10 chicks per pen and raised until 42 d. Body weights (BW) and feed intake were determined weekly, and feed conversion ratio (FCR) was calculated. Jejunum samples were collected at 42 d for histomorphometric analysis. Analysis of variance was performed on all variables using a general linear mixed model in JMP Pro14. Broilers in the HO PN group had lower (P < 0.05) BW and higher FCR than other treatment groups at weeks 2 and 6. There were no significant differences in the jejunum villi surface area between the treatment groups. However, broilers fed the HO PN diet had greater (P = 0.019) apparent metabolizable energy relative to the other treatment groups, suggesting improved nutrient uptake of dietary fats and/or carbohydrates in the HO PN treatment group. However, additional studies are warranted to further define the nutritional value of HO PN as an alternative poultry feed ingredient.}, number={3}, journal={TRANSLATIONAL ANIMAL SCIENCE}, author={Toomer, Ondulla T. and Sanders, Elliot and Vu, Thien C. and Malheiros, Ramon D. and Redhead, Adam K. and Livingston, Matthew L. and Livingston, Kim A. and Carvalho, Luiz Victor and Ferket, Peter R.}, year={2020}, month={Jul} }
 @article{wedegaertner_chadwick_beckstead_santin_bodin_ferket_2019, title={Economically important production traits and enteric health of broilers fed free or lipid matrix-encapsulated vitamin and trace mineral elements at recommended and reduced levels}, volume={98}, number={E-Supplement 1}, journal={Poultry Science}, author={Wedegaertner, O. and Chadwick, E. and Beckstead, R. and Santin, E. and Bodin, J.C.Fontaine and Ferket, P.}, year={2019}, pages={6} }
 @article{aristimunha_mallheiros_ferket_cardinal_moreira filho_santos_cavalcante_ribeiro_2020, title={Effect of Dietary Organic Acids and Humic Substance Supplementation on Performance, Immune Response and Gut Morphology of Broiler Chickens}, volume={29}, ISSN={["1537-0437"]}, DOI={10.3382/japr/pfz031}, abstractNote={SUMMARY This study evaluated the additive effects of a commercial feed supplementation blend (Ava Cid P)—consisting of humic substances, coated sodium butyrate, and a small acidifier portion—on the growth, immune response, and gut health of broiler chickens. A total of 540 female and 540 male broilers were raised from 1–49 d. On the first day, the animals were distributed in a completely randomized 2 × 5 factorial design (2 sexes and 5 treatments) with 7 replications of 15 birds each. The 5 treatments were 1) birds did not receive Ava Cid P (control); 2) birds received 0.91 kg/t of Ava Cid P from 1–21 d (AVA1–21); 3) birds received 0.91 kg/t of Ava Cid P from 1–21 d and 0.45 kg/t from 22–35 d (AVA1–35); 4) birds received 0.91 kg/t of Ava Cid P from 1–21 d and 0.45 kg/t from 22–42 d (AVA1–42); and 5) birds received 0.91 kg/t of Ava Cid P from 1–21 d, 0.45 kg/t from 22–35 d, and 0.23 kg/t from 36–49 d (AVA1–49). ANOVA and Tukey's tests were applied to compare the means (P}, number={1}, journal={JOURNAL OF APPLIED POULTRY RESEARCH}, author={Aristimunha, P. C. and Mallheiros, R. D. and Ferket, P. R. and Cardinal, K. M. and Moreira Filho, A. L. B. and Santos, E. T. and Cavalcante, D. T. and Ribeiro, A. M. L.}, year={2020}, month={Mar}, pages={85–94} }
 @inproceedings{ramos de meja_camacho_ugalde_menjivar_cura_ferket_2019, title={Effect of dietary calcium to non-phytate phosphorus ratio on growth performance of broilers raised under low and high heat stress tropical conditions}, url={http://www.southernpoultrysciencesociety.org/pdfs/19-SPSS-Abstract-Book.pdf}, booktitle={2019 International Poultry Scientific Forum Abstracts}, author={Ramos de Meja, L.J. and Camacho, H. and Ugalde, H. and Menjivar, M. and Cura, E. and Ferket, P.}, year={2019} }
 @inproceedings{ferket_2019, title={Effect of early nutrition to improve the development of enteric disease}, booktitle={Proceedings XXIst WVPAC 2019}, author={Ferket, P.R.}, year={2019} }
 @inproceedings{wedegaertner_farhrenholz_bodin_fountaine_ferket_2019, title={Feed ingredient handling characteristic evaluation of lipid encapsulated versus non-encapsulated poultry vitamin and trace mineral premixes}, url={http://www.southernpoultrysciencesociety.org/pdfs/19-SPSS-Abstract-Book.pdf}, booktitle={2019 International Poultry Scientific Forum Abstracts}, author={Wedegaertner, O. and Farhrenholz, A. and Bodin, J.C. and Fountaine, J. and Ferket, P.}, year={2019} }
 @inproceedings{ferket_2019, title={How to manage the enteric ecosystem for optimum gut health}, booktitle={Proceedings XXIst WVPAC 2019}, author={Ferket, P.R.}, year={2019} }
 @inproceedings{ward_levy_malheiros_ferket_2019, title={Impact of Balancius supplementation on broiler performance}, url={http://www.southernpoultrysciencesociety.org/pdfs/19-SPSS-Abstract-Book.pdf}, booktitle={2019 International Poultry Scientific Forum Abstracts}, author={Ward, N.E. and Levy, A.W. and Malheiros, R.D. and Ferket, P.R.}, year={2019}, pages={99} }
 @article{abousaad_malheiros_jones_tracy_ferket_2019, title={In ovo feeding dose response of Clostrideale strains on hatch and early growth performance}, volume={98}, number={E-Supplement 1}, journal={Poultry Science}, author={Abousaad, S. and Malheiros, R. and Jones, S. and Tracy, B. and Ferket, P.}, year={2019}, pages={55} }
 @inproceedings{abousaad_ferket_malheiros_jones_tracy_2019, title={In ovo feeding dose response of probiotic Clostridium species on hatch performance and hatchling quality of broilers}, url={http://www.southernpoultrysciencesociety.org/pdfs/19-SPSS-Abstract-Book.pdf}, booktitle={2019 Southern Poultry Science Forum Abstracts}, author={Abousaad, S. and Ferket, P. and Malheiros, R. and Jones, S. and Tracy, B.}, year={2019}, pages={82} }
 @article{toomer_livingston_wall_sanders_vu_malheiros_livingston_carvalho_ferket_2019, title={Meat quality and sensory attributes of meat produced from broiler chickens fed a high oleic peanut diet}, volume={98}, ISSN={0032-5791}, url={http://dx.doi.org/10.3382/ps/pez258}, DOI={10.3382/ps/pez258}, abstractNote={Previous studies have identified peanut meal prepared from normal-oleic peanuts as a suitable and economical ingredient for broiler feed. However, to date, no studies have examined the use of new, high-oleic peanut (HO-PN) cultivars as a feed ingredient for poultry. This project aimed to determine the effect of HO-PNs as a feed ingredient for broiler chickens on the quality and sensory attributes of the meat produced. To test 3 experimental diets, male broiler chicks were randomly placed, at hatch, in raised-wire cages, in 10 replicate pens per treatment with 10 chicks per cage. For 6 wk, chicks were fed, ad libitum, one of the three isocaloric, isonitrogenous diets: (1) a conventional soybean meal plus corn control diet, (2) 10 to 12% HO-PN + corn diet, or (3) a control corn diet spiked with ≈6.0% oleic fatty acid oil (OA). At 42 D, 3 broilers per pen (30 per treatment) were processed to determine meat quality and for consumer evaluation. Carcass weights and breast yields were reduced in broilers fed HO-PN, while leg carcass yields were greater in broilers fed HO-PN in comparison to the other groups. Chicken breast from broilers fed HO-PN had reduced meat-pH, reduced L* color values, and increased cooked loss compared to other treatments. Nevertheless, a group of 100-consumer panelists scored all 3-treatment groups similar in terms of sensory attributes for cooked chicken. While additional studies must be performed, this study suggest that HO-PN may be a suitable broiler feed ingredient.}, number={10}, journal={Poultry Science}, publisher={Elsevier BV}, author={Toomer, Ondulla T and Livingston, Matthew L and Wall, Brittany and Sanders, Elliot and Vu, Thien C and Malheiros, Ramon D and Livingston, Kim A and Carvalho, Luiz Victor and Ferket, Peter R}, year={2019}, month={Oct}, pages={5188–5197} }
 @inproceedings{redhead_ferket_2019, title={The animal food and nutrition consortium established to fund pre-competitive research, outreach, and career development}, url={http://www.southernpoultrysciencesociety.org/pdfs/19-SPSS-Abstract-Book.pdf}, booktitle={2019 International Poultry Scientific Forum Abstracts}, author={Redhead, A. and Ferket, P.}, year={2019}, pages={60} }
 @article{sanders_livingston_wall_vu_malheiros_livingston_carvalho_ferket_toomer_2019, title={The effects of feeding high-oleic peanuts on the growth performance of broilers}, volume={98}, number={E-Supplement 1}, journal={Poultry Science}, author={Sanders, E. and Livingston, M. and Wall, B. and Vu, T. and Malheiros, R. and Livingston, K. and Carvalho, L. and Ferket, P. and Toomer, O.}, year={2019}, pages={75} }
 @article{livingston_ferket_brake_livingston_2018, title={Blood physiology of broilers presented with breast myopathies and supplemented with dietary glutamine and arginine}, volume={97}, number={E-Supplement 1}, journal={Poultry Science}, author={Livingston, M. and Ferket, P. and Brake, J. and Livingston, K.}, year={2018}, pages={267} }
 @article{wedegaertner_fahrenholtz_ferket_2018, title={Correlation of feed ingredient characteristics with flow- ability as measured by angle of repose}, volume={97}, number={E-Supplement 1}, journal={Poultry Science}, author={Wedegaertner, O. and Fahrenholtz, A. and Ferket, P.}, year={2018}, pages={199} }
 @article{livingston_ferket_brake_livingston_2018, title={Dietary amino acids under hypoxic conditions exacerbates muscle myopathies including wooden breast and white stripping}, volume={98}, ISSN={0032-5791 1525-3171}, url={http://dx.doi.org/10.3382/ps/pey463}, DOI={10.3382/ps/pey463}, abstractNote={ABSTRACT The occurrence of wooden breast (WB) and white striping (WS) of broiler breast myopathies may be associated with least‐cost feed formulations and the inclusion of greater amounts of synthetic amino acids. Two experiments were conducted to evaluate the effects of supplemental glutamine (Gln‐/+, 0 and 1%) and arginine (Arg‐/+, 0 and 0.25%) in a 2 × 2 factorial arrangement. Experiment 1 consisted of 8 replicates using 32 pens and focused on live performance to 44 d of age, carcass yield, and meat quality evaluations at 45 d of age. Live performance parameters including feed intake, BW gain, mortality, and feed conversion were evaluated. Post‐harvest carcass yield, breast muscle quality (including WB and WS), proximate analysis, and mineral analysis of breast muscle and tibia bone were also evaluated. Experiment 2 comprised 4 replicates using 8 pens with weekly measurements of blood physiology and muscle myopathy development from 21 to 45 d of age. Broilers fed supplemental Gln and Arg (Gln+/Arg+) produced broilers with greater BW and improved FCR. The WB and WS severity increased with Gln+ diets, while only WB increased using Arg+ diets. Weekly observations revealed the greatest increase in WB myopathies occurred between 28 to 35 d, while WS significantly increased one week later (35 to 42 d). When comparing broilers of similar BW at 45 d, Gln+ diets resulted in greater WS scores and percentage breast muscle fat. Further analysis of WB and WS scores (independent of treatment affect) revealed that increased myopathy scores were associated with increased blood CO2, H2CO3, and reduced O2 with increased meat pH, moisture content, and Ca concentration. These results indicated that increased muscle Ca is associated with increased WB, while increased dietary glutamine and lack of oxygen may have resulted in a reverse flux of the citric acid cycle and reduced electron transport chain activity resulting in increased WS.}, number={3}, journal={Poultry Science}, publisher={Elsevier BV}, author={Livingston, M L and Ferket, P R and Brake, J and Livingston, K A}, year={2018}, month={Oct}, pages={1517–1527} }
 @article{fasina_ferket_blue_jababu_hooks_noble_2018, title={Dietary spray-dried plasma influences early intestinal development and broiler chick growth}, volume={97}, number={E-Supplement 1}, journal={Poultry Science}, author={Fasina, Y. and Ferket, P. and Blue, C. and Jababu, Y. and Hooks, A. and Noble, R.}, year={2018}, pages={185} }
 @article{malheiros_moraes_ferket_anderson_malheiros_2018, title={Effect of use of annatto (Bixa orellana) on the internal quality of eggs}, volume={97}, number={E-Supplement 1}, journal={Poultry Science}, author={Malheiros, D. and Moraes, V. and Ferket, P. and Anderson, K. and Malheiros, R.}, year={2018}, pages={177} }
 @article{moreira filho_ferket_malheiros_oliveira_aristimunha_wilsmann_givisiez_2018, title={Enrichment of the amnion with threonine in chicken embryos affects the small intestine development, ileal gene expression and performance of broilers between 1 and 21 days of age}, volume={98}, ISSN={0032-5791 1525-3171}, url={http://dx.doi.org/10.3382/ps/pey461}, DOI={10.3382/ps/pey461}, abstractNote={ABSTRACT The effects of in ovo feeding with threonine (Thr) on intestinal morphology, ileal gene expression and performance of broiler chicken between 1 and 21 d of age (d) were assessed. On day 17.5 of incubation, fertile eggs were randomly allotted to 5 treatments of Thr injection in the amniotic fluid (0; 1.75; 3.5; 5.25; 7%, corresponding to 17.5; 35; 52.5 and 70 mg Thr/mL). After hatch, chicks were given a commercial corn‐soybean diet up to 21 d. Daily feed intake (FI), body weight (BW), and food conversion ratio (FCR) were measured from 1 to 7, 14, and 21 d of age. The ileal gene expression of mucin (MUC2), peptide transporter (PepT1), and aminopeptidase enzyme (APN) were evaluated on day of hatch and at 21 d, as well as intestinal morphometric traits. In ovo feeding with threonine significantly increased final weight (FI) and weight gain (WG) and decreased FCR in the period from 1 to 21 d. Threonine levels affected beneficially the villus height, vilo: crypt ratio and villus area on day of hatch and at 21 d. At hatch, all Thr levels increased the expression of MUC2 and PepT1 compared to the control group. APN expression also increased, but for the lowest and the highest threonine levels (1.75 and 7%). At 21 d, there was no effect of threonine on the expression of MUC2, PepT1, and APN. In conclusion, in ovo threonine feeding beneficially affected the morphological and functional development of the intestinal mucosa, which ensured improved performance of chicks at hatch and at 21 d.}, number={3}, journal={Poultry Science}, publisher={Elsevier BV}, author={Moreira Filho, A L B and Ferket, P R and Malheiros, R D and Oliveira, C J B and Aristimunha, P C and Wilsmann, D E and Givisiez, P E N}, year={2018}, month={Oct}, pages={1363–1370} }
 @article{ferket_2018, title={In ovo feeding solution volume and osmolality is critical for optimum hatchability}, volume={97}, number={E-Supplement 1}, journal={Poultry Science}, author={Ferket, P.}, year={2018}, pages={164} }
 @article{jababu_blue_ferket_ibrahim_gyawali_fasina_2018, title={Influence of dietary spray dried plasma on fecal micro- biota in broiler chickens}, volume={97}, number={E-Supplement 1}, journal={Poultry Science}, author={Jababu, Y. and Blue, C. and Ferket, P. and Ibrahim, S. and Gyawali, R. and Fasina, Y.}, year={2018}, pages={154} }
 @article{chadwick_malheiros_ferket_beckstead_2018, title={Microbiota, growth performance, and processing characteristics of broilers fed a standard vs low vitamin and trace mineral diet}, volume={97}, number={E-Supplement 1}, journal={Poultry Science}, author={Chadwick, E. and Malheiros, R. and Ferket, P. and Beckstead, R.}, year={2018}, pages={287} }
 @article{herchler_black_warren_malheiros_ferket_2018, title={The effects of phytase super-dosing in combination with xylanase on the ileal microbial profile of market turkey hens}, volume={97}, number={E-Supplement 1}, journal={Poultry Science}, author={Herchler, M. and Black, S. and Warren, M. and Malheiros, R. and Ferket, P.}, year={2018}, pages={273} }
 @article{mendoza_boyd_zier-rush_ferket_haydon_van heugten_2017, title={Effect of natural betaine and ractopamine HCl on whole-body and carcass growth in pigs housed under high ambient temperatures}, volume={95}, ISSN={0021-8812 1525-3163}, url={http://dx.doi.org/10.2527/jas.2017.1622}, DOI={10.2527/jas.2017.1622}, abstractNote={Betaine is an osmolyte that helps to maintain water homeostasis and cell integrity, which is essential during heat stress. We hypothesized that supplemental betaine can improve growth during heat stress and may further improve the response to ractopamine. Two studies were conducted to determine: 1) the effects of betaine in combination with ractopamine; and 2) the optimum betaine level for late finishing pigs during heat stress. Heat stress was imposed by gradually increasing temperatures over 10 d to the target high temperature of 32°C. In Exp. 1, pigs ( = 1477, BW = 91.6 ± 3 kg) were assigned within BW blocks and sex to 1 of 4 diets arranged in a 2 × 2 factorial RCB design (68 pens; 20 to 23 pigs/pen). Treatments consisted of diets without or with ractopamine (5 mg/kg for 21 d followed by 8.8 mg/kg to market) and each were supplemented with either 0 or 0.2% of betaine. Betaine reduced ( ≤ 0.05) BW (123.1 vs. 124.3 kg), ADG (0.780 vs. 0.833 kg/d), and ADFI (2.800 vs. 2.918 kg/d), but did not impact carcass characteristics. Ractopamine increased ( < 0.01) BW (125.5 vs. 121.9 kg), ADG (0.833 vs. 0.769 kg/d), G:F (0.295 vs. 0.265), HCW (94.1 vs. 90.0 kg), carcass yield (74.8 vs. 73.8%), loin depth (63.6 vs. 60.0 mm), and predicted lean percentage (53.2 vs. 51.7%) and reduced ADFI (2.822 vs. 2.896 kg/d, = 0.033) and backfat depth ( < 0.001; 20.2 vs. 22.5 mm). In Exp. 2, pigs ( = 2193, BW = 95.5 ± 3.5 kg) were allocated within BW blocks and sex to 1 of 5 treatments in a RCB design (100 pens; 20 to 24 pigs/pen). Treatments consisted of diets with 0, 0.0625, 0.125, 0.1875% of betaine, and a positive control diet with ractopamine, but not betaine. Betaine tended to decrease carcass yield quadratically ( = 0.076; 74.1, 73.5, 73.8, and 73.9 for 0, 0.0625, 0.125, 0.1875% of betaine, respectively), but did not impact other responses. Ractopamine improved ( < 0.001) BW (121.6 vs. 118.5 kg), G:F (0.334 vs. 0.295), carcass yield (74.7 vs. 73.8%), loin depth (61.7 vs. 59.0 mm), and predicted lean percentage (53.2 vs. 52.6%), and reduced backfat (18.7 vs. 20.4 mm). Collectively, data indicate that under commercial conditions, betaine did not improve performance of pigs housed under high ambient temperatures, regardless of ractopamine inclusion. Ractopamine improved whole-body growth and especially carcass growth of pigs raised under high ambient temperatures. The ability of ractopamine to stimulate growth during heat stress makes it an important production technology.}, number={7}, journal={Journal of Animal Science}, publisher={Oxford University Press (OUP)}, author={Mendoza, S. M. and Boyd, R. D. and Zier-Rush, C. E. and Ferket, P. R. and Haydon, K. D. and van Heugten, E.}, year={2017}, month={Jul}, pages={3047–3056} }
 @article{black_herchler_schramm_crivellari_malheiros_ferket_2017, title={Effect of poult hatch weight on their subsequent growth response to dietary energy, phosphorus, calcium and Azomite}, volume={96}, number={e-Supplement 1}, journal={Poultry Science}, author={Black, S. and Herchler, M. and Schramm, V. and Crivellari, R. and Malheiros, R. and Ferket, P.}, year={2017}, pages={275} }
 @article{xu_lin_stark_ferket_williams_brake_2017, title={Effects of dietary coarsely ground corn and 3 bedding floor types on broiler live performance, litter characteristics, gizzard and proventriculus weight, and nutrient digestibility}, volume={96}, ISSN={0032-5791}, url={http://dx.doi.org/10.3382/ps/pew485}, DOI={10.3382/ps/pew485}, abstractNote={&NA; The effects of zero or 50% dietary coarsely ground corn (CC) in pelleted and screened grower and finisher diets on broilers reared on 3 bedding floor types (plastic net [NET], new pine wood shavings litter [NEW], or old pine wood shavings litter [OLD]) on broiler live performance, litter characteristics, gizzard and proventriculus weight, and apparent ileal digestibility (AID) were studied in a 2 × 3 factorial arrangement of treatments. Fine corn was produced with a hammermill (271 &mgr;m) and CC with a roller mill (1145 &mgr;m). Utilization of CC reduced milling cost by 9.47 cents per MT with similar nutrient content of screened pellets. The 50% CC treatment exhibited improved (P ≤ 0.05) feed intake at 42 d (2.5%) and 49 d (3.0%), and BW (5.4%) and FCR from 28 d (1.4%). Birds on NEW litter exhibited improved (P < 0.05) BW at 28 and 35 d and 42 d FCR as compared to NET and 49 d FCR compared to NET and OLD. The 50% CC treatment exhibited increased (P < 0.05) gizzard weight but decreased proventriculus weight at 49 d. NEW litter birds exhibited increased (P ≤ 0.05) gizzard weight at 28 d and 49 d and decreased proventriculus weight as compared to NET at 49 days. The 50% CC treatment exhibited decreased (P ≤ 0.05) litter moisture at 35 and 42 d, litter N at 35 and 49 d, and litter pH at 49 days. OLD litter birds exhibited greater (P < 0.05) litter N at 14, 35, and 49 d, as well as litter moisture, pH, and ammonia concentration at 49 days. The 50% CC group also exhibited improved AID of nitrogen (P < 0.05). Broilers fed pelleted and screened diets containing 50% CC exhibited improved live performance and reduced litter moisture while use of NEW litter resulted in a somewhat similar effect, which indicated that consumption of NEW litter also facilitated gastric development and function.}, number={7}, journal={Poultry Science}, publisher={Elsevier BV}, author={Xu, Y. and Lin, Y.M. and Stark, C.R. and Ferket, P.R. and Williams, C.M. and Brake, J.}, year={2017}, month={Jul}, pages={2110–2119} }
 @article{mendoza_boyd_ferket_van heugten_2017, title={Effects of dietary supplementation of the osmolyte betaine on growing pig performance and serological and hematological indices during thermoneutral and heat-stressed conditions}, volume={95}, ISSN={1525-3163}, url={http://dx.doi.org/10.2527/jas2017.1905}, DOI={10.2527/jas2017.1905}, abstractNote={The present study was designed to evaluate the effects of dietary betaine on pig performance and serological and hematological indices during thermoneutral and heat-stressed conditions. Individually housed pigs ( = 64; 39.0 ± 1.5 kg BW) were assigned within weight blocks and sex to 1 of 8 treatments. Treatments consisted of 2 environmental conditions (thermoneutral or heat-stressed) and 4 levels of betaine (0, 0.10, 0.15, and 0.20%). Room temperatures followed a daily pattern with a low of 14°C and a high of 21°C for the thermoneutral environment and a low of 28°C and a high of 35°C for the heat-stressed environment. Experimental diets were fed from d -7 (7 d prior to imposing temperature treatments; constant 21°C) until 28. Respiration rate and rectal temperature were measured on d 0, 1, 2, 3, 7, 14, 21, and 28, and blood samples were collected on d 3 and 28. Heat stress reduced ( ≤ 0.008) ADG (0.710 vs. 0.822 kg/d) and ADFI (1.81 vs. 2.27 kg/d) and increased G:F ( = 0.036; 0.391 vs. 0.365). Betaine tended to quadratically increase G:F ( = 0.071; 0.377, 0.391, 0.379, and 0.366 for 0, 0.10, 0.15, and 0.20% betaine, respectively), regardless of environment. Heat stress increased ( ≤ 0.001) respiration rate (48 vs. 23 breaths/30 s) and rectal temperature (39.47 vs. 38.94°C) throughout d 1 to 28. Betaine at 0.10% reduced rectal temperature in heat-stressed pigs but not in control pigs (interaction, = 0.040). Heat stress increased serum cysteine and triglycerides and reduced Ca, alkaline phosphatase, and lipase, regardless of day of sampling ( ≤ 0.048). Heat stress increased serum creatine phosphokinase (CPK) and K and reduced osmolarity, Na, urea N, methionine, homocysteine, the albumin:globulin ratio, and blood eosinophil count on d 3 but not on d 28 (interaction, ≤ 0.013). Heat stress increased serum Mg, globulin, creatinine, amylase, and γ-glutamyltranspeptidase and reduced , the urea N:creatinine ratio, alanine aminotransferase, NEFA, hemoglobin, hematocrit, and red blood cells on d 28 but not on d 3 (interaction, ≤ 0.034). Betaine increased serum osmolarity and NEFA and reduced CPK and K on d 3 but not on d 28 (interaction, ≤ 0.060) and increased serum creatinine and reduced amylase on d 28 but not on d 3 (interaction ≤ 0.057). Heat stress reduced growth, disturbed ion balance, and increased markers of muscle damage. Betaine had a minor impact on alleviating heat stress with the possible exception of early days of heat exposure. The beneficial effect of betaine was diminished by pig adaptation.}, number={11}, journal={Journal of Animal Science}, publisher={Oxford University Press (OUP)}, author={Mendoza, S. M. and Boyd, R. D. and Ferket, P. R. and van Heugten, E.}, year={2017}, pages={5040} }
 @article{park_pasquetti_malheiros_ferket_kim_2018, title={Effects of supplemental L-methionine on growth performance and redox status of turkey poults compared with the use of DL-methionine}, volume={97}, ISSN={0032-5791}, url={http://dx.doi.org/10.3382/ps/pex259}, DOI={10.3382/ps/pex259}, abstractNote={ABSTRACT This study was conducted to test the effects of dietary supplementation of feed grade L‐Met on growth performance and redox status of turkey poults compared with the use of conventional DL‐Met. Three hundred and eighty five newly hatched turkey poults were weighed and allotted to 5 treatments in a completely randomized design and the birds were fed dietary treatments for 28 d, including a basal diet (BD), the BD + 0.17 or 0.33% DL‐Met or L‐Met (representing 60, 75, and 90% of the requirement by National Research Council (NRC) for S containing AA, respectively). Increasing Met supplementation from 0 to 0.33% increased (P < 0.05) weight gain (690 to 746 g) and feed intake (1,123 to 1,248 g) of turkey poults. Supplementing L‐Met tended (P = 0.053) to reduce feed to gain ratio (1.70 to 1.63) compared with DL‐Met. The relative bioavailability of L‐Met to DL‐Met was 160% based on a multilinear regression analysis of weight gain. Supplementing Met regardless of its sources decreased (P < 0.05) malondialdehyde (3.29 to 2.47 nmol/mg protein) in duodenal mucosa compared with birds in the BD. Supplementing L‐Met tended (P = 0.094) to decrease malondialdehyde (1.27 to 1.16 nmol/mg protein) and increase glutathione (3.21 to 3.45 nmol/mg protein) in the liver compared with DL‐Met. Total antioxidant capacity, protein carbonyl, and morphology of duodenum and jejunum were not affected by Met sources. In conclusion, dietary supplementation of 0.33% Met to a diet with S containing AA meeting 60% of the NRC requirement enhanced weight gain, feed intake, and redox status by reducing oxidative stress in the gut and liver of turkey poults during the first 28 d of age. Use of L‐Met tended to enhance feed efficiency and was more effective in reducing oxidative stress and increasing glutathione in the liver compared with the use of DL‐Met. The use of L‐Met as a source of Met replacing DL‐Met seems to be beneficial to turkey poults during the first 28 d of age.}, number={1}, journal={Poultry Science}, publisher={Elsevier BV}, author={Park, I. and Pasquetti, T. and Malheiros, R.D. and Ferket, P.R. and Kim, S.W.}, year={2018}, month={Jan}, pages={102–109} }
 @inproceedings{ferket_2017, title={Proceedings of the 21st European Symposium on Poultry Nutrition}, ISBN={9789086863068 9789086868513}, url={http://dx.doi.org/10.3920/978-90-8686-851-3}, DOI={10.3920/978-90-8686-851-3}, booktitle={21st European Symposium on Poultry Nutrition}, publisher={Wageningen Academic Publishers}, author={Ferket, P.R.}, year={2017}, month={May} }
 @article{herchler_black_schramm_crivellari_malheiros_ferket_2017, title={The effects of Hostazym® and Optiphos® super dosing in combination with Azomite® on growth performance in market turkey hens}, volume={96}, number={e-Supplement 1}, journal={Poultry Science}, author={Herchler, M. and Black, S. and Schramm, V. and Crivellari, R. and Malheiros, R. and Ferket, P.}, year={2017}, pages={275} }
 @inproceedings{ferket_2017, title={The potential of perinatal nutrition: in ovo and prestarter feeding}, ISBN={978-90-8686-306-8}, booktitle={Proceedings of the 21st European Symposium on Poultry Nutrition}, publisher={Wagenengen Academic Publishers}, author={Ferket, P.R.}, editor={Francesch, M. and Torrallardona, D. and Brufau, J.Editors}, year={2017}, pages={64–69} }
 @article{crivellari_malheiros_ferket_anderson_2016, title={Comparison of egg production parameters and quality between molted and non-molted hens in enriched colony cages at two different densities from 73 to 109 weeks of age}, volume={95}, number={E-Supplement 1}, journal={Poultry Science}, author={Crivellari, R. and Malheiros, R. and Ferket, P.R. and Anderson, K.E.}, year={2016}, pages={5} }
 @inproceedings{viguie_livingston_malheiros_ferket_2016, title={Content and bioavailability of carotenoids in corn distillers solubles oil for skin pigmentation in broilers}, booktitle={XXV World Poultry Congress}, author={Viguie, M. and Livingston, K.A. and Malheiros, R. and Ferket, P.R.}, year={2016}, pages={112} }
 @inproceedings{ferket_2016, title={Cultivating the enteric ecosystem to resist enteric pathogens: the poultry model}, booktitle={Proceedings 4th IHSIG Symposium; One World, One Health. Linked to intestinal health and poultry production}, author={Ferket, P.R.}, year={2016}, pages={17–29} }
 @article{viguie_livingston_malheiros_ferket_2016, title={Effect of corn distillers solubles oil on broiler chicken skin pigmentation and plasma carotenoid content}, volume={95}, number={E-Supplement 1}, journal={Poultry Science}, author={Viguie, M. and Livingston, K.A. and Malheiros, R. and Ferket, P.R.}, year={2016}, pages={13} }
 @inproceedings{pacheco_stark_ferket_brake_fahrenholz_2016, title={Effect of heat treatment on TMEn and AA digestibility of expeller-extracted soybean meal}, booktitle={XXV World Poultry Congress}, author={Pacheco, W.J. and Stark, C.R. and Ferket, P.R. and Brake, J. and Fahrenholz, A.C.}, year={2016}, pages={112} }
 @article{akbari moghaddam kakhki_bakhshalinejad_hassanabadi_ferket_2016, title={Effects of dietary organic zinc and α-tocopheryl acetate supplements on growth performance, meat quality, tissues minerals, and α-tocopherol deposition in broiler chickens}, volume={96}, ISSN={0032-5791 1525-3171}, url={http://dx.doi.org/10.3382/ps/pew386}, DOI={10.3382/ps/pew386}, abstractNote={&NA; The aim of this study was to evaluate the effects of different dietary levels of zinc (Zn) and &agr;‐tocopheryl acetate (&agr;‐TOA) on broilers performance, meat quality, Zn, selenium (Se), and &agr;‐tocopherol (&agr;‐TO) tissue depositions. A total of 1,080 one‐day‐old Ross 308 broiler chickens (mixed‐sex) were allocated to nine dietary treatments. Three levels of supplemental Zn (0, 60, and 120 mg/kg of diet) and three levels of &agr;‐TOA (0, 150, and 300 mg/kg of diet) were combined as a completely randomized design with 3 × 3 factorial arrangement. Chicks were penned in groups of 20 with six pens per treatment. The ADFI, ADG, feed conversion ratio (FCR), mortality rate, and European production efficiency factor (EPEF) were not affected by dietary treatments. In addition, supplementation of Zn and &agr;‐TOA and their interaction did not affect carcass parts yield. Drip loss of the breast and thigh muscles were significantly reduced 1.27 and 1.47% by &agr;‐tocopheryl acetate (&agr;‐TOA) supplementation, respectively (P < 0.01). Deposition of Zn in liver, breast, and thigh muscles were linearly increased by dietary Zn supplementation. Furthermore, supplementation of Zn increased Se content in the breast and thigh muscles and liver. Supplementation of either &agr;‐TOA or Zn increased deposition of &agr;‐TO in liver and the muscles. The Thiobarbituric acid reactive substances (TBARS) values in the breast and thigh muscles and the liver were diminished by supplementation of &agr;‐TOA (P = 0.0001) and there was positive interaction between Zn and &agr;‐TOA (P < 0.01), in which within each increase in Zn supplementation level, &agr;‐TOA supplementation resulted in a reduction of TBARS values. In conclusion, 300 mg/kg dietary supplementation of &agr;‐TOA could improve drip loss, nutritional content, and oxidation stability of muscle without any adverse effect on growth performance of chickens. In addition, 120 mg/kg dietary supplementation of Zn could fortify &agr;‐TOA effect to improve oxidation stability of the breast and thigh muscles as well as it resulted to higher muscles Zn enrichment.}, number={5}, journal={Poultry Science}, publisher={Elsevier BV}, author={Akbari Moghaddam Kakhki, R. and Bakhshalinejad, R. and Hassanabadi, A. and Ferket, P.}, year={2016}, month={Nov}, pages={pew386} }
 @inproceedings{malheiros_ferket_viguie_livingston_anderson_crivellari_santos_cavalcante_moreira filho_koiyama_et al._2016, title={Enhancement of EggQuality and Yolk Color by Corn Distillers Solubles Oil and Other Commercial Pigment Sources}, booktitle={XXV World Poultry Congress}, author={Malheiros, R.D. and Ferket, P.R. and Viguie, M. and Livingston, K. and Anderson, K.E. and Crivellari, R. and Santos, E.T. and Cavalcante, D.T. and Moreira Filho, A.L. and Koiyama, N.T.G. and et al.}, year={2016}, pages={123} }
 @article{moran_de lange_ferket_fellner_wilcock_van heugten_2016, title={Enzyme supplementation to improve the nutritional value of fibrous feed ingredients in swine diets fed in dry or liquid form}, volume={94}, ISSN={0021-8812 1525-3163}, url={http://dx.doi.org/10.2527/jas.2015-9855}, DOI={10.2527/jas.2015-9855}, abstractNote={This study evaluated the effect of xylanase supplementation (with or without), feeding method (dry or liquid), and feedstuff (corn distiller's dried grains with solubles [DDGS] or wheat middlings) on apparent total tract digestibility (ATTD) and apparent ileal digestibility (AID) of GE and nutrients, intestinal morphology, ileal and cecal pH, and VFA concentrations. Sixty-four growing pigs (25.87 ± 0.38kg initial BW) were blocked by BW and sex and randomly assigned to 8 dietary treatments. Within each feedstuff, diets were fed either liquid or dry, without or with xylanase (24,000 birch xylan units/kg feed), for 16 d. Diets contained 3.32 and 3.19 Mcal/kg ME for DDGS- and wheat middlings-based diets, respectively. Pigs were fed restricted at 3 times maintenance ME requirements. Liquid diets were prepared by steeping DDGS or wheat middlings with water (1:3, wt/vol) with or without xylanase for 24 h followed by mixing with a basal ingredient mixture and water to achieve a final ratio of 1:2.5 (wt/vol). During steeping of wheat middlings, some fiber degradation occurred. When xylanase was added in dry wheat middlings diets, AID of GE ( < 0.10) and NDF ( < 0.05) increased compared with dry wheat middlings diets without xylanase (64.50 vs. 54.67% and 52.88 vs. 31.69%, respectively), but supplementation of xylanase did not impact AID of GE and NDF when liquid wheat middlings diets were fed. Xylanase in liquid DDGS diets increased ( < 0.05) the AID of NDF compared with liquid DDGS diets without xylanase, but xylanase did not affect AID of NDF in dry DDGS diets. Xylanase in wheat middlings diets improved ( < 0.05) ATTD of GE and N compared with wheat middlings diets without xylanase (80.37 vs. 78.07% and 80.23 vs. 77.94%, respectively). However, there was no effect of xylanase in DDGS diets. Pigs fed DDGS diets had greater concentrations of butyrate in the cecum ( = 0.001) than pigs fed wheat middlings diets (27.6 vs. 20.4 mmol/L). Pigs fed DDGS diets with xylanase had deeper crypts ( < 0.05) in the jejunum than pigs fed DDGS diets without xylanase (98.20 vs. 86.16 μm), but xylanase had no effect in pigs fed wheat middlings diets. Results suggest that liquid feeding and xylanase supplementation had limited potential to enhance nutrient digestibility in pigs fed DDGS-based diets. However, xylanase supplementation in dry wheat middlings-based diets improved the AID of NDF and ATTD of GE and N, but liquid feeding as pretreatment did not further enhance the nutritional value of wheat middlings-based diets.}, number={3}, journal={Journal of Animal Science}, publisher={Oxford University Press (OUP)}, author={Moran, K. and de Lange, C. F. M. and Ferket, P. and Fellner, V. and Wilcock, P. and van Heugten, E.}, year={2016}, month={Mar}, pages={1031–1040} }
 @inbook{ferket_2016, title={Nutrient Requirements of Poultry}, volume={87}, number={35}, booktitle={Feedstuffs Reference Issue & Buyers Guide}, author={Ferket, P.R.}, year={2016}, pages={42–49} }
 @article{coffey_dawson_ferket_connolly_2016, title={Review of the feed industry from a historical perspective and implications for its future}, volume={4}, ISSN={2049-257X}, url={http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/JAN.2015.11}, DOI={10.1017/JAN.2015.11}, abstractNote={SummaryThe history of the feed industry is pertinent in terms of understanding how and why certain practices have evolved. Some of these practices have been superseded by modern, more natural alternatives, for example the traditional use of antibiotics in feed. In other cases, such as inorganic minerals, more natural versions akin to those found in plant and animal materials are available, although these new initiatives are still being taken up globally. Research continues to increase our knowledge and understanding of nutrient balance and digestion, and in some species this is more advanced than others. The following paper represents the first complete history of the feed industry, its major milestones, and projects how it might continue to utilise new technology developments to improve animal feeding practices.}, journal={Journal of Applied Animal Nutrition}, publisher={Cambridge University Press (CUP)}, author={Coffey, D. and Dawson, K. and Ferket, P. and Connolly, A.}, year={2016} }
 @article{coffey_dawson_ferket_connolly_2016, title={Review of the feed industry from a historical perspective and implications for its future – CORRIGENDUM}, volume={4}, ISSN={2049-257X}, url={http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/jan.2016.1}, DOI={10.1017/jan.2016.1}, journal={Journal of Applied Animal Nutrition}, publisher={Wageningen Academic Publishers}, author={Coffey, D. and Dawson, K. and Ferket, P. and Connolly, A.}, year={2016} }
 @inproceedings{viguie_livingston_malheiros_ferket_2016, title={Variability of corn distillers solubles oil quality and carotenoid content bioavailability as determined by skin pigmentation in broiler chickens}, booktitle={Proceedings 2016 International Poultry Scientific Forum}, author={Viguie, M. and Livingston, K. and Malheiros, R. and Ferket, P.}, year={2016}, pages={38} }
 @article{ayoola_malheiros_grimes_ferket_2015, title={Effect of Dietary Exogenous Enzyme Supplementation on Enteric Mucosal Morphological Development and Adherent Mucin Thickness in Turkeys}, volume={2}, ISSN={2297-1769}, url={http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/fvets.2015.00045}, DOI={10.3389/fvets.2015.00045}, abstractNote={Anti-nutritional factors (ANFs) in feed ingredients can challenge gut health and reduce nutrient utilization. Birds typically activate their innate immune system as a protective response against the adverse effects of ANF, which often involves the secretion of mucin. Although dietary supplementation of exogenous enzymes are commonly used to alleviate the adverse effects of ANF on apparent nutrient digestibility, little is known about how they affect gut health, particularly in relation to the morphological development and mucin secretion of enteric mucosa. We carried out two trials to examine the effect of dietary supplementation of different types of exogenous enzymes on gut health of by accessing the effect of jejunum morphological development and ileal enteric adherent mucin thickness layer in turkeys. Dietary β-mannanase supplementation reduced ileal adherent mucin thickness layer (804 vs 823 μg/g; p < 0.05), while a commercial blend of xylanase, amylase, and protease (XAP) reduced ileal adherent mucin layer thickness (589 vs 740 μg/g; p < 0.05); thus reducing the apparent endogenous loss of nutrients. Both enzyme supplements also affected gut morphological characteristics. In comparison to the control treatment, dietary β-mannanase supplementation improved the jejunum tip width (219 vs 161; p < 0.05), base width (367 vs 300; p < 0.05), surface area (509,870 vs 380, 157; p < 0.05) and villi height/crypt depth ratio (7.49 vs 5.70; p < 0.05), and XAP improved the crypt depth (p < 0.05). In conclusion, dietary supplementation of exogenous enzymes may help alleviate the adverse effects of ANF on nutrient utilization by directly or indirectly removing the mucosal irritation that stimulates enteric mucin secretion.}, journal={Frontiers in Veterinary Science}, publisher={Frontiers Media SA}, author={Ayoola, Ayuub A. and Malheiros, Ramon D. and Grimes, Jesse L. and Ferket, Peter R.}, year={2015}, month={Oct} }
 @article{xu_stark_ferket_williams_pacheco_brake_2015, title={Effect of dietary coarsely ground corn on broiler live performance, gastrointestinal tract development, apparent ileal digestibility of energy and nitrogen, and digesta particle size distribution and retention time}, volume={94}, ISSN={0032-5791}, url={http://dx.doi.org/10.3382/ps/peu015}, DOI={10.3382/ps/peu015}, abstractNote={Dietary structural material has been reported to improve broiler live performance and gastrointestinal tract (GIT) function. In this 50 d cage study, the effects of coarsely ground corn (CC) inclusion on broiler live performance, GIT development, apparent ileal digestibility (AID) of energy and nitrogen (N), and digesta particle size distribution and retention time were investigated. This study included 3 CC inclusions (0, 25, and 50% fine corn [FC] replaced by CC), with 6 replicate cages of 10 birds per treatment. The feed conversion ratio (FCR) at 35 and 42 d was improved (P < 0.01) as the dietary inclusion of CC increased without effect on feed intake. The 50% CC diet increased absolute and relative gizzard weight at 42 d of age as compared to diets with 0 and 25% CC (P < 0.01). Dietary CC increased absolute proventriculus weight at 28 d of age (P < 0.05). A numerically lower gizzard digesta pH (P < 0.08) was observed at 28 d but not 42 d of age, and there was no difference in proventriculus, jejunum, or ileum digesta pH at 28 or 42 d of age. The 25 and 50% CC treatments increased the digesta retention time at 30 and 45 d of age (P < 0.05 and P < 0.01, respectively). The 25 and 50% CC treatments improved AID of energy by 7.1 and 8.2%, respectively, when compared with the 0% CC treatment, and they improved AID of N by 12.2 and 12.4%, respectively (P < 0.01). The digesta particles in the jejunum exhibited a similar distribution, with a dgw (geometric mean diameter by mass) of 218, 204, and 181 μm when 0, 25, of 50% CC diets were consumed, respectively. In conclusion, birds fed pelleted and screened diets that contained 25 and 50% CC exhibited increased BW, improved FCR, and increased AID of energy and N, which was probably due to enhanced gizzard development and greater digesta retention time.}, number={1}, journal={Poultry Science}, publisher={Elsevier BV}, author={Xu, Y. and Stark, C.R. and Ferket, P.R. and Williams, C.M. and Pacheco, W.J. and Brake, J.}, year={2015}, month={Jan}, pages={53–60} }
 @article{passos_park_ferket_von heimendahl_kim_2015, title={Effect of dietary supplementation of xylanase on apparent ileal digestibility of nutrients, viscosity of digesta, and intestinal morphology of growing pigs fed corn and soybean meal based diet}, volume={1}, ISSN={2405-6545}, url={http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.aninu.2015.02.006}, DOI={10.1016/j.aninu.2015.02.006}, abstractNote={This study was to determine apparent ileal digestibility of acid detergent fiber (ADF), neutral detergent fiber (NDF), dry matter (DM), energy, organic matter (OM), crude ash, digesta viscosity, and gut morphology in nursery pigs fed diets containing xylanase (Lohmann Animal Nutrition GmbH, Cuxhaven, Germany). The diet (61% corn, 35% soybean meal, 1% poultry fat, and 3% minerals and vitamins) was mixed with 3 levels of xylanase (0, 700, and 1400 LXU/kg). Thirty-six barrows (17.6 ± 3.3 kg) received one of 3 treatment diets based on a randomized complete block design with the initial body weight (BW) as a block. Pigs were individually housed and received experimental diets twice daily (0700 and 1700 h) at a fixed amount based on BW of pigs (0.09 × BW0.75 kg). Pigs were fed diets for 10 d, and chromium oxide (0.3%) was added to the diets from d 6 as an indigestible external marker. Pigs were euthanized at the end of d 10 for the collection of digesta and tissues. Jejunal digesta were centrifuged to measure viscosity using a viscometer (Brookfield Engineering Laboratories, Stoughton, MA). Diets and freeze-dried ileal digesta were used to measure ADF, NDF, and chromium to calculate apparent ileal digestibility of ADF and NDF. Villus height and crypt depth of jejunum were measured using a microscope (Fisher Scientific, Hampton, NH). Data were analyzed using polynomial contrasts in the MIXED procedure of SAS version 9.3 (SAS Inc., Cary, NC, USA). Morphological measurements and ileal ADF digestibility were not affected by increasing xylanase. However, increasing xylanase supplementation from 0 to 1400 LXU/kg enhanced ileal digestibility of NDF (P < 0.042, linear) from 27.9 to 40.3%, DM (P < 0.006, linear) from 55.4 to 64.6%, OM (P < 0.006, linear) from 59.2 to 67.7%, and energy (P < 0.003, linear) from 58.8 to 68.0%. Viscosity of jejunal digesta decreased (P < 0.023) in a non-linear manner from 2.9 to 2.5 centipoises (cP). In conclusion, the usage of xylanase in corn and soybean meal based pig diets linearly enhanced digestibility of nutrients and affected viscosity of digesta in a non-linear manner.}, number={1}, journal={Animal Nutrition}, publisher={Elsevier BV}, author={Passos, Adsos Adami and Park, Inkyung and Ferket, Peter and von Heimendahl, Elke and Kim, Sung Woo}, year={2015}, month={Mar}, pages={19–23} }
 @article{xu_stark_ferket_williams_auttawong_brake_2015, title={Effects of dietary coarsely ground corn and litter type on broiler live performance, litter characteristics, gastrointestinal tract development, apparent ileal digestibility of energy and nitrogen, and intestinal morphology}, volume={94}, ISSN={0032-5791}, url={http://dx.doi.org/10.3382/ps/peu016}, DOI={10.3382/ps/peu016}, abstractNote={The objectives of this study were to evaluate the effects of the dietary inclusion of 2 coarsely ground corn (CC) levels (0 or 50%) in diets of broilers reared on 2 litter types (new wood shavings or used litter) on live performance, litter characteristics, gastrointestinal tract (GIT) development, apparent ileal digestibility (AID) of energy and nitrogen (N), and intestinal morphology. No interaction effects between CC level and litter type were observed on live performance. No litter effect was observed on live performance. Dietary inclusion of 50% CC increased BW at 35 d (P<0.01) and improved cumulative feed conversion ratio (FCR) at 35 and 49 d of age (P<0.01). The 50% CC treatment increased absolute and relative gizzard weight (P<0.01) and decreased jejunum unit weight (g/cm) (P<0.01). The new litter treatment (litter N) increased absolute and relative proventriculus weight (P<0.05) but did not affect gizzard weight. An interaction effect between CC level and litter type was observed for litter N, where the 50% CC treatment reduced litter N regardless of litter type (P<0.01), but litter N was reduced by new litter only among birds fed 0% CC (P<0.05). The 50% CC inclusion increased litter pH (P<0.05) and improved the AID of energy and N by 6.8% (P<0.01) and 3.5% (P<0.05), respectively. The 50% CC treatment increased jejunum villi tip width (P<0.05) and villi surface area (P<0.01), and decreased the muscularis layer thickness (P<0.01), whereas new litter increased jejunum villi and ileum villi height (P<0.05), jejunum villi surface area (P<0.01), and the ratio of jejunum villi height to crypt depth (P<0.01). This study showed that birds fed pelleted and screened diets containing 50% CC exhibited improved BW, FCR, and AID of energy and N, in conjunction with altered morphology of the GIT and intestinal mucosa. Litter type affected some GIT traits and functions but did not affect live performance.}, number={3}, journal={Poultry Science}, publisher={Elsevier BV}, author={Xu, Y. and Stark, C.R. and Ferket, P.R. and Williams, C.M. and Auttawong, S. and Brake, J.}, year={2015}, month={Mar}, pages={353–361} }
 @article{xu_stark_ferket_williams_brake_2015, title={Effects of feed form and dietary coarse ground corn on broiler live performance, body weight uniformity, relative gizzard weight, excreta nitrogen, and particle size preference behaviors}, volume={94}, ISSN={0032-5791}, url={http://dx.doi.org/10.3382/ps/pev074}, DOI={10.3382/ps/pev074}, abstractNote={In this 14-d cage study, the effects of feed form (mash and crumble) and 6 coarse ground corn ( CC: ) inclusions [0, 10, 20, 30, 40, and 50% CC that replaced fine corn ( FC: )] on broiler live performance, BW uniformity, gizzard weight, excreta nitrogen, and particle size preference were investigated. The geometric mean diameter by mass ( DGW: ) of mash diets increased from 422 μm to 431, 471, 509, 542, and 640 μm, respectively, as the percentage of CC increased. Feed intake and BW were decreased by CC and mash at 7 d. Interactions between feed form and CC were observed for feed conversion ratio ( FCR: ) at 7 d of age (P < 0.01), and feed intake (P < 0.05), BW (P < 0.01), and gizzard weight (P < 0.01) at 14 d of age. Feed intake for all CC inclusions in crumble diets was similar and exceeded (P < 0.01) that of mash diets at 14 d. Among mash diets, the 10 and 30% CC feed intake was greater (P < 0.05) than 40 and 50% CC with 0 and 20% CC intermediate. Crumble diets produced a similar BW but greater 14-d BW than mash diets (P < 0.01). Within mash diets, 40 and 50% CC produced a smaller BW (P < 0.01). The FCR at 7 d of CC inclusions in crumble diets was improved (P < 0.01) versus the same CC in mash diets. Within mash diets, 40% CC performed poorer than 0, 10, 20, and 30% CC diets with 50% CC diet intermediate (P < 0.01). Crumble diets improved FCR at 14 d, but CC worsened FCR. Gizzard weight at 14 d was not affected by CC in crumble diets, while it increased with CC in mash diets (P < 0.01). Excreta nitrogen was increased (P < 0.01) by crumble diets. These data demonstrated that pelleting and crumbling reduced the impact of CC, produced a more consistent feed intake, and reduced selective feeding, and that CC stimulated gizzard weight in a linear manner in mash diets.}, number={7}, journal={Poultry Science}, publisher={Elsevier BV}, author={Xu, Y. and Stark, C.R. and Ferket, P.R. and Williams, C.M. and Brake, J.}, year={2015}, month={Jul}, pages={1549–1556} }
 @article{shen_ferket_park_malheiros_kim_2015, title={Effects of feed grade L-methionine on intestinal redox status, intestinal development, and growth performance of young chickens compared with conventional DL-methionine}, volume={93}, ISSN={0021-8812 1525-3163}, url={http://dx.doi.org/10.2527/jas.2015-8898}, DOI={10.2527/jas.2015-8898}, abstractNote={This study was conducted to test the effects of supplemental L-Met on redox status, gut development, and growth performance of young broiler chickens compared with DL-Met. A total of 888 (half male and half female) 1-d-old Ross 308 chickens were weighed and randomly allotted to 7 treatments in a randomized complete block design for 21 d, including a basal diet (BD), the BD + 0.095% L-Met or DL-Met, the BD + 0.190% L-Met or DL-Met, and the BD + 0.285% L-Met or DL-Met (representing 60, 70, 80, and 90% of the Met + Cys requirement). Feed disappearance and BW were recorded every 7 d. Liver and duodenum samples were collected on d 0, 7, and 21 to measure redox status and intestine morphology. On d 7, chicks fed a diet supplemented with either 0.285% L-Met or 0.285% DL-Met had increased (P < 0.05) concentrations of glutathione (GSH) and reduced (P < 0.05) protein carbonyl (PC) and malonedialdehyde contents in duodenum mucosa compared with chicks fed the BD. Chicks fed a diet supplemented with 0.285% L-Met had greater (P < 0.05) villus width compared with chicks fed a diet supplemented with 0.285% DL-Met. Chicks fed a diet supplemented with 0.285% L-Met had lower (P < 0.05) crypt depth and greater (P < 0.05) villus height:crypt depth ratio compared with chicks fed a diet supplemented with 0.285% DL-Met or the BD. On d 21, chicks fed a diet supplemented with 0.285% L-Met had increased (P < 0.01) concentrations of GSH and total antioxidant capacity (TAC) but reduced (P < 0.05) PC content in duodenum mucosa compared with chicks fed a diet supplemented with 0.285% DL-Met and the BD. Chicks fed a diet supplemented with 0.285% L-Met had greater (P < 0.05) villus height compared with chicks fed the BD. During the entire 21-d supplementation of either L-Met or DL-Met, ADG and G:F were enhanced (P < 0.01) compared with chicks fed the BD. Chicks fed diets supplemented with L-Met had greater (P < 0.05) ADG and G:F than chicks fed diets supplemented with DL-Met. The relative bioavailability of L-Met to DL-Met for ADG and G:F was 138.2 and 140.7%, respectively. Overall, supplementation of either L-Met or DL-Met has beneficial effects on villus development in association with increased GSH production and levels of TAC and reduced protein oxidation in duodenum. Supplementation of L-Met served a better function on redox status and development of the gut of chicks compared with DL-Met. Chicks fed diets with L-Met had better growth response than chicks fed diets with DL-Met.}, number={6}, journal={Journal of Animal Science}, publisher={Oxford University Press (OUP)}, author={Shen, Y. B. and Ferket, P. and Park, I. and Malheiros, R. D. and Kim, S. W.}, year={2015}, month={Jun}, pages={2977–2986} }
 @article{xu_stark_ferket_williams_nusairat_brake_2015, title={Evaluation of litter type and dietary coarse ground corn inclusion on broiler live performance, gastrointestinal tract development, and litter characteristics}, volume={94}, ISSN={0032-5791}, url={http://dx.doi.org/10.3382/ps/peu057}, DOI={10.3382/ps/peu057}, abstractNote={Two 49 d floor pen studies were conducted to evaluate the effects of litter type and dietary coarse ground corn (CC) inclusion on broiler live performance, gastrointestinal tract (GIT) development, and litter characteristics. Experiment 1 was a 2×2 factorial arrangement of 2 genders (male or female) and 2 CC levels (0 or 50%). From 15 to 35 d, the addition of CC decreased feed intake (P<0.01) and BW gain (P<0.05) of males but not females. The inclusion of CC decreased feed intake (P<0.01) and BW gain (P<0.01) from 0 to 49 d but improved adjusted feed conversion ratio (AdjFCR) from 35 to 49 d (P<0.05). Male broilers exhibited better live performance than females during the study as evidenced by greater feed intake (P<0.01) and BW gain (P<0.01), and improved FCR (P<0.01), but with increased mortality (P<0.05). The inclusion of CC increased relative gizzard weight (P<0.01) and decreased relative proventriculus weight (P<0.01) at 49 d. Experiment 2 was a 2×2 factorial arrangement of 2 CC levels (0 or 50%) and 2 litter types (ground old litter or new wood shavings litter). The inclusion of CC decreased feed intake throughout the experiment without affecting final BW when only males were used and improved FCR after 25 d (P<0.01). New litter improved FCR from 1 to 14 d (P<0.01). At 49 d, the birds fed the CC diet had reduced excreta nitrogen (P<0.05) and litter moisture (P<0.05). In conclusion, 50% CC inclusion initially produced negative effects on live performance that became positive as BW increased. The effects of CC became evident at an earlier age for males. New litter had only a marginal benefit on broiler live performance.}, number={3}, journal={Poultry Science}, publisher={Elsevier BV}, author={Xu, Y. and Stark, C.R. and Ferket, P.R. and Williams, C.M. and Nusairat, B. and Brake, J.}, year={2015}, month={Mar}, pages={362–370} }
 @inbook{ferket_leeson_2015, title={Nutrition and Health: Poultry}, volume={88}, booktitle={Feedstuffs Reference Issue & Buyers guide}, author={Ferket, P. and Leeson, S.}, year={2015}, pages={42–51} }
 @inproceedings{ferket_2014, title={Early Nutrition for Gut Development and Health}, booktitle={International Symposium on Poultry Nutrition and Gut Health}, author={Ferket, P.R.}, editor={Guo, Y. and Ferket, P.R.Editors}, year={2014}, pages={157–183} }
 @article{pacheco_fahrenholz_stark_ferket_brake_2014, title={Effect of inclusion level and metabolizable energy values of DDGS on pellet quality, nutrient digestibility, incidence of footpad lesions, and broiler live performance}, volume={93}, number={E-Supplement 1}, journal={Poultry Science}, author={Pacheco, W. and Fahrenholz, A. and Stark, C. and Ferket, P. and Brake, J.T.}, year={2014}, pages={200} }
 @article{pacheco_fahrenholz_stark_ferket_brake_2014, title={Effect of particle size of distillers dried grains with solubles and soybean meal on pellet quality, nutrient digestibility, and broiler live performance}, volume={93}, number={E-Supplement 1}, journal={Poultry Science}, author={Pacheco, W.J. and Fahrenholz, A.C. and Stark, C.R. and Ferket, P.R. and Brake, J.}, year={2014}, pages={24} }
 @article{zhang_cao_zeng_zhou_ferket_xiao_chen_yang_2014, title={Effects of Clostridium butyricum on growth performance, immune function, and cecal microflora in broiler chickens challenged with Escherichia coli K88}, volume={93}, ISSN={["1525-3171"]}, DOI={10.3382/ps.2013-03412}, abstractNote={This study was conducted to investigate the effects of Clostridium butyricumon growth performance, immune function, and cecal microflora in broiler chickens challenged with Escherichia coli K88. Three hundred sixty 1-d-old broiler chickens were randomly divided into 4 treatments: negative control (NC) birds were fed a basal diet and not challenged with E. coli K88; positive control (PC) birds were fed a basal diet and challenged with E. coli K88; C. butyricum treatment (CB) birds were fed a diet containing 2 × 10(7) cfu C. butyricum/kg of diet and challenged with E. coli K88; and colistin sulfate treatment (CS) birds were fed a diet containing 20 mg of colistin sulfate/kg of diet and challenged with E. coli K88. Birds fed CB had greater (P < 0.05) BW than the PC birds from 3 to 21 d postchallenge. Birds fed CB had greater (P < 0.05) serum IgA and IgY at 14 d postchallenge, greater (P < 0.05) serum IgM at 21 d postchallenge, and greater (P < 0.05) mucosal secreted IgA at 3 and 7 d postchallenge than the PC birds. Birds fed CB had greater concentrations of serum complement component 3 at 14 d postchallenge, and greater (P < 0.05) concentrations of serum complement component 4 at 3, 7, and 14 d postchallenge than the PC birds. Birds in the CS or CB treatments had less cecal E. coli population at 3, 7, and 21 d postchallenge, and less cecal Clostridium perfringens counts at 21 d postchallenge compared with the PC birds. The CB treatment increased (P < 0.05) the population of cecal Lactobacillus at 3 d postchallenge and the number of cecal Bifidobacterium at 3, 14, and 21 d postchallenge in comparison with the PC treatment. The results indicate that dietary supplementation of CB promotes growth performance, improves immune function, and benefits the cecal microflora in Escherichia coli K88-challenged chickens.}, number={1}, journal={POULTRY SCIENCE}, author={Zhang, L. and Cao, G. T. and Zeng, X. F. and Zhou, L. and Ferket, P. R. and Xiao, Y. P. and Chen, A. G. and Yang, C. M.}, year={2014}, month={Jan}, pages={46–53} }
 @article{pacheco_stark_ferket_brake_2014, title={Effects of trypsin inhibitor and particle size of expeller-extracted soybean meal on broiler live performance and weight of gizzard and pancreas}, volume={93}, ISSN={0032-5791}, url={http://dx.doi.org/10.3382/ps.2014-03986}, DOI={10.3382/ps.2014-03986}, abstractNote={Soybean meal (SBM) is a co-product that remains after the oil is removed from whole soybeans by either solvent extraction or mechanically pressing soybeans using an expeller. Expeller-extracted soybean meal (ESBM) contains more fat and less protein than solvent-extracted soybean meal (SSBM), but has higher trypsin inhibitors (TI) that limit its inclusion in poultry diets. We hypothesized that increasing the particle size of ESBM could enhance chick tolerance to dietary TI. The experiment consisted of a 2 × 6 factorial arrangement of 2 ESBM particle sizes (coarse, 1,300 µm, and fine, 530 µm) and 6 TI levels (6, 9, 12, 15, 18, and 21 TIU/mg). A total of 672 male broiler chicks was randomly assigned among the 12 treatment combinations with 8 replicates per combination. The birds were provided with 1 kg/bird of starter diet in a crumble form. The pancreas and gizzard were excised and weighed at 16 d of age and organ weights relative to BW calculated. Feed consumption, BW, and feed conversion ratio (FCR) were determined at 7 and 14 d of age. Increasing TI level produced a quadratic effect (P < 0.01) on BW and FCR at 14 d of age. The best performance was obtained when chicks were fed diets containing ESBM at intermediate TI levels. Increasing the particle size of the ESBM from 530 to 1,300 µm improved BW and feed intake (P < 0.01) without affecting FCR. The relative weight of the pancreas increased linearly as TI level increased (P < 0.001). The results of this study indicated that chicks performed better when fed coarse ESBM at an intermediate TI level.}, number={9}, journal={Poultry Science}, publisher={Elsevier BV}, author={Pacheco, W.J. and Stark, C.R. and Ferket, P.R. and Brake, J.}, year={2014}, month={Sep}, pages={2245–2252} }
 @article{vieira_malheiros_albino_hannas_crivellari_borges_ferket_2014, title={Evaluation of inorganic (sulfates) and chelated trace minerals zinc, copper, manganese, and iron in low levels for broiler}, volume={93}, number={E-Supplement 1}, journal={Poultry Science}, author={Vieira, R.A. and Malheiros, R.D. and Albino, L.F.T. and Hannas, M.I. and Crivellari, R. and Borges, L.L. and Ferket, P.R.}, year={2014}, pages={84} }
 @inproceedings{havenstein_ferket_2014, title={Genetics and Nutrition during the Last 50 Years in Poultry Science and Production}, booktitle={Avian Nutrigenomics Course}, author={Havenstein, G.B. and Ferket, P.R.}, year={2014} }
 @inproceedings{ferket_2014, title={Gut Physiology and Health: The Key for Meat Productivity}, booktitle={Proceedings 41 Poultry Nutrition Conference}, author={Ferket, P.R.}, year={2014}, pages={64} }
 @inproceedings{ferket_2014, title={NCSU Nutrition Update}, booktitle={Proceedings 37th Annual North Carolina Turkey Industry Days}, author={Ferket, P.R.}, year={2014}, pages={1–20} }
 @inproceedings{ferket_2014, title={Practical considerations of influencing and measuring impacts of fetal and early nutrition programming in poultry}, ISBN={1896110339}, booktitle={Proceedings of the 35th Western Nutrition Conference}, author={Ferket, P.R.}, year={2014}, pages={15–21} }
 @article{xu_li_stark_ferket_williams_brake_2014, title={The Effects of Coarsely Ground Corn Inclusion on Female Broiler Live Performance, Gizzard and Proventriculus Weight, Litter Characteristics and Ammonia Emission}, volume={93}, number={E-Supplement 1}, journal={Poultry Science}, author={Xu, Yi and Li, Lingjuan Wang and Stark, Charles and Ferket, Peter and Williams, Mike and Brake, John}, year={2014}, pages={197} }
 @article{malheiros_ferket_torrent_2014, title={The Effects of Functional Oils in Finisher Turkey Diets}, volume={93}, number={E-Supplement 1}, journal={Poultry Science}, author={Malheiros, R. and Ferket, P. and Torrent, J.}, year={2014}, pages={262} }
 @inproceedings{ferket_2014, title={The Potential of in ovo feeding and perinatal nutrition}, booktitle={Proceedings of 2014 Eastern Nutrition Conference}, publisher={Animal Nutrition Association of Canada}, author={Ferket, P.R.}, year={2014}, pages={1–7} }
 @article{rungcharoen_therdthai_dhamvithee_attamangkune_ruangpanit_ferket_amornthewaphat_2013, title={By-product of Tropical Vermicelli Waste as a Novel Alternative Feedstuff in Broiler Diets}, volume={26}, ISSN={["1976-5517"]}, DOI={10.5713/ajas.2013.13133}, abstractNote={Two experiments were conducted to determine physical and chemical properties of vermicelli waste (VW) and effect of VW inclusion levels on growth performance of broilers. In experiment 1, VW samples were randomly collected from vermicelli industry in Thailand to analyze nutritional composition. Vermicelli waste contained 9.96% moisture, 12.06% CP, 32.30% crude fiber (CF), and 0.57% ether extract (EE), as DM basis. The ratio of insoluble:soluble non-starch polysaccharide (NSP) was 43.4:8.9. A total of 120 chicks (6 pens per treatment and 10 chicks per pen) were fed a corn-soybean meal-based diet or 20% VW substituted diet to determine the apparent metabolizable energy corrected for nitrogen retention (AMEn) of VW. The AMEn of VW was 1,844.7±130.71 kcal/kg. In experiment 2, a total of 1,200 chicks were randomly allotted to 1 of 4 dietary treatments for 42-d growth assay. There were 300 chicks with 6 pens per treatment and 50 chicks per pen. The dietary treatments contained 0%, 5%, 10%, or 15% VW, respectively. All diets were formulated to be isocaloric and isonitrogenous. From 0 to 18 d of age chicks fed VW diets had higher (p<0.001) feed conversion ratio (FCR) compared with those fed the control diet. No difference was observed during grower and finisher phase (19 to 42 d). Chicks fed VW diets had lower relative weight of abdominal fat (p<0.001) but higher relative weight of gizzard (p<0.05) than those of chicks fed the control diet. Increasing VW inclusion levels increased ileal digesta viscosity (p<0.05) and intestinal villus height of chicks (p< 0.001). For apparent total tract digestibility assay, there were 4 metabolic cages of 6 chicks that were fed experimental treatment diets (the same as in the growth assay) in a 10-d total excreta collection. Increasing VW inclusion levels linearly decreased (p<0.05) apparent total tract digestibility of DM and CF.}, number={12}, journal={ASIAN-AUSTRALASIAN JOURNAL OF ANIMAL SCIENCES}, author={Rungcharoen, P. and Therdthai, N. and Dhamvithee, P. and Attamangkune, S. and Ruangpanit, Y. and Ferket, P. R. and Amornthewaphat, N.}, year={2013}, month={Dec}, pages={1732–1741} }
 @article{ferket_ao_samuel_malheiros_ford_pescatore_cantor_2013, title={Effect of in ovo feeding and programmed nutrition strategy on the growth performance and meat yield of Ross 708 Broilers}, volume={92}, number={E-Supplement 1}, journal={Poultry Science}, author={Ferket, P. and Ao, T. and Samuel, R. and Malheiros, R. and Ford, M. and Pescatore, A. and Cantor, A.}, year={2013}, pages={79} }
 @inproceedings{pacheco_stark_ferket_brake_2013, title={Effect of particle grind size of DDGS and SBM on feed manufacturing and broiler performance}, booktitle={Proceedings 40th Annual Poultry Nutrition Conference}, author={Pacheco, W. and Stark, C.R. and Ferket, P.R. and Brake, J.}, year={2013}, pages={55} }
 @article{pacheco_fahrenholz_stark_ferket_brake_2013, title={Effect of particle size and inclusion level of distillers dried grains with solubles (DDGS) and pellet quality on growth performance and gastro-intestinal (GIT) development of broilers}, volume={92}, number={E-Supplement 1}, journal={Poultry Science}, author={Pacheco, W.J. and Fahrenholz, A.C. and Stark, C.R. and Ferket, P.R. and Brake, J.}, year={2013}, pages={14} }
 @article{xu_stark_ferket_brake_2013, title={Effect of roller mill ground corn inclusion and floor types on gastric development, live performance, and litter moisture in broilers, 2013}, volume={92}, number={E-Supplement 1}, journal={Poultry Science}, author={Xu, Y. and Stark, C. and Ferket, P. and Brake, J.}, year={2013}, pages={65} }
 @inproceedings{ayoola_ferket_malheiros_grimes_2013, title={Effect of β-mannanase on nutrients digestibility, gut morphology, and ileal mucin secretion}, booktitle={Proceedings 40th Annual Poultry Nutrition Conference}, author={Ayoola, A.A. and Ferket, P.R. and Malheiros, R.D. and Grimes, J.}, year={2013}, pages={70} }
 @article{ayoola_ferket_malheiros_grimes_2013, title={Effect of β-mannanase supplementation of high and low fat diets on energy and protein utilization, gut morphology, and mucin secretion of turkey poults}, volume={92}, number={Supplement 1}, journal={Poultry Science}, author={Ayoola, A. and Ferket, P. and Malheiros, R. and Grimes, J.}, year={2013}, pages={196} }
 @article{malheiros_ayoola_carvalho_ferket_2013, title={Evaluation of a hydrocolloid hatchery supplement on consumption rate and weight loss of turkey poults}, volume={92}, number={E-Supplement 1}, journal={Poultry Science}, author={Malheiros, R.D. and Ayoola, A.A. and Carvalho, L.V.F.M. and Ferket, P.R.}, year={2013}, pages={32} }
 @article{xu_stark_ferket_brake_2013, title={Evaluation of roller mill ground corn inclusions on broiler growth performance, digesta retention time, and gastrointestinal tract characteristics}, volume={92}, number={Supplement 1}, journal={Poultry Science}, author={Xu, Y. and Stark, C. and Ferket, P. and Brake, J.}, year={2013}, pages={196} }
 @article{pacheco_stark_ferket_brake_2013, title={Evaluation of soybean meal source and particle size on broiler performance, nutrient digestibility, and gizzard development}, volume={92}, ISSN={0032-5791}, url={http://dx.doi.org/10.3382/ps.2013-03186}, DOI={10.3382/ps.2013-03186}, abstractNote={Although there have been several reports concerning the effects of particle size of cereal grains on productive performance of poultry, there is limited information about the effects of soybean meal (SBM) particle size on broiler performance. The objective of the present experiments was to evaluate the effects of SBM source and particle size on broiler performance, gizzard weight, and nutrient digestibility. The first experiment was a 2 × 2 factorial arrangement of 2 SBM sources: expeller-extracted (ESBM) and solvent-extracted (SSBM), and 2 particle sizes: coarse grind, 971 µm, and fine grind, 465 µm. The second experiment was a 2 × 2 factorial arrangement of 2 ESBM particle sizes: coarse grind, 1,290 µm, and fine grind, 470 µm, and 2 corn particle sizes: coarse grind, 1,330 µm, and fine grind, 520 µm. In the first experiment, there was an interaction (P < 0.05) between SBM source and particle size on BW at 49 d of age. No differences in BW were observed when birds were fed coarse SSBM or ESBM, whereas birds fed diets containing fine ESBM exhibited lower BW than birds fed diets containing fine SSBM. In the second experiment, fine-grind ESBM (P < 0.05) and corn (P < 0.01) produced greater 19-d BW than did coarse grind. A significant interaction (P < 0.01) between ingredient type and particle size revealed that chicks fed coarse particles of corn or ESBM exhibited higher protein digestibility compared with chicks fed only fine particles. Corn particle size had a greater effect on gizzard weight than ESBM particle size. Birds fed diets that contained coarse corn had larger gizzards than birds fed fine corn (P < 0.01), but differences in gizzard weight were not observed when birds were fed coarse or fine ESBM. Particles greater than 1,300 µm depressed BW but improved protein digestibility.}, number={11}, journal={Poultry Science}, publisher={Elsevier BV}, author={Pacheco, W.J. and Stark, C.R. and Ferket, P.R. and Brake, J.}, year={2013}, month={Nov}, pages={2914–2922} }
 @inproceedings{xu_stark_ferket_brake_2013, title={Impact of particle grind size of corn on broilers}, booktitle={Proceedings 40th Annual Poultry Nutrition Conference}, author={Xu, Y. and Stark, C.R. and Ferket, P.R. and Brake, J.}, year={2013}, pages={44} }
 @article{asai_ramachandrappa_joachim_shen_zhang_nuthalapati_ramanathan_strochlic_ferket_linhart_et al._2013, title={Loss of Function of the Melanocortin 2 Receptor Accessory Protein 2 Is Associated with Mammalian Obesity}, volume={341}, ISSN={["1095-9203"]}, DOI={10.1126/science.1233000}, abstractNote={Accessory to Obesity?
          
            Melanocortin receptors are a family of cell membrane receptors that control diverse physiological functions. Mutations in the gene encoding melanocortin 4 receptor (MC4R) are a cause of familial early-onset obesity.
            
              Asai
              et al.
            
            (p.
            275
            ) studied the function of an accessory protein for MC4R signaling, MRAP2, and found that mice genetically deficient in MRAP2 develop severe obesity. Sequencing of
            MRAP2
            in unrelated, severely obese humans revealed one individual with a clearly disruptive genetic variant, suggesting that
            MRAP2
            mutations might also be a rare cause of human obesity. In a zebrafish model,
            
              Sebag
              et al.
            
            (p.
            278
            ) studied two paralogs of the MRAP2 accessory protein, one of which enhanced MC4R responsiveness to α–melanocyte-stimulating hormone, which regulates feeding and growth.
          }, number={6143}, journal={SCIENCE}, author={Asai, Masato and Ramachandrappa, Shwetha and Joachim, Maria and Shen, Yuan and Zhang, Rong and Nuthalapati, Nikhil and Ramanathan, Visali and Strochlic, David E. and Ferket, Peter and Linhart, Kirsten and et al.}, year={2013}, month={Jul}, pages={275–278} }
 @article{oliveira_druyan_uni_ashwell_ferket_2013, title={Metabolic profiling of late-term turkey embryos by microarrays}, volume={92}, ISSN={["1525-3171"]}, DOI={10.3382/ps.2012-02354}, abstractNote={The last stages of embryonic development are crucial for turkeys as their metabolism shifts to accommodate posthatch survival and growth. To better understand the metabolic change that occurs during the perinatal period, focused microarray methodology was used to identify changes in the expression of key genes that control metabolism of turkey embryos from 20 d of incubation (E) until hatch (E28). Gene expression patterns were evaluated in liver, pectoral muscle, and hatching muscle and were associated with measured embryonic growth and tissue glycogen concentration. Within the studied period, the expression of 60 genes significantly changed in liver, 53 in pectoral muscle, and 51 in hatching muscle. Genes related to lipid metabolism (enoyl-CoA hydratase, 3-hydroxyacyl-CoA dehydrogenase, 3-hydroxymethylglutaryl-CoA reductase, acetyl-CoA carboxylase, lipoprotein lipase, and thyroxine deiodinase) had reduced expression between E22 and E26, corresponding to the period of expected limited oxygen supply. In contrast, genes related to opposing pathways in carbohydrate metabolism, such as glycolysis and gluconeogenesis (hexokinases, glucose-6 phosphatase, phosphofructokinases, glucose 1-6 phosphatase, pyruvate kinase, and phosphoenolpyruvate carboxykinase), or glycogenesis and glycogenolysis (glycogen synthase and glycogen phosphorylase) had rather static expression patterns between E22 and E26, indicating their enzymatic activity must be under posttranscriptional control. Metabolic survey by microarray methodology brings new insights into avian embryonic development and physiology.}, number={4}, journal={POULTRY SCIENCE}, author={Oliveira, J. E. and Druyan, S. and Uni, Z. and Ashwell, C. M. and Ferket, P. R.}, year={2013}, month={Apr}, pages={1011–1028} }
 @inproceedings{ferket_2013, place={Woodbank, Cheshire}, title={Novel applications to optimize feed efficiency in turkeys}, booktitle={Turkey Science Proceedings}, publisher={Turkey Times}, author={Ferket, P.R.}, year={2013}, pages={1–9} }
 @inbook{ferket_2013, place={Des Moines, IA}, title={Nutrition and feed strategies to control the enteric ecosystem and gut health}, booktitle={Total Nutrition, The Importance of Intestinal Health in Poultry}, publisher={Kemin Industries}, author={Ferket, P.R.}, year={2013} }
 @article{auttawong_brake_ferket_stark_yahav_2013, title={The effect of corn particle size, dietary energy level, post pellet liquid fat application, and time-limited feeding on broiler live performance to 28 days of age}, volume={92}, number={Supplement 1}, journal={Poultry Science}, author={Auttawong, S. and Brake, J.T. and Ferket, P.R. and Stark, C.R. and Yahav, S.}, year={2013}, pages={195} }
 @article{malheiros_ayoola_ferket_grimes_2013, title={The effect of enzymes and direct-fed microbial (DFM) supplementation of diets containing 6 and 18% DDGS on the growth performance, gut morphology, and mucin secretion in turkey hens}, volume={92}, number={Supplement 1}, journal={Poultry Science}, author={Malheiros, R. and Ayoola, A. and Ferket, P. and Grimes, J.}, year={2013}, pages={227} }
 @article{ayoola_malheiros_carvalho_indrakumar_romero_ferket_2013, title={The effect of supplementing corn-DDGS diet with exogenous enzymes and direct-fed microbials on nutrient digestibility in turkey poults}, volume={92}, number={E-Supplement 1}, journal={Poultry Science}, author={Ayoola, A.A. and Malheiros, R.D. and Carvalho, L.V.F.M. and Indrakumar, S. and Romero, L.F. and Ferket, P.R.}, year={2013}, pages={36} }
 @inproceedings{ferket_2013, title={The potential of feeding the perinatal chick in the hatchery: programming for efficiency and meat quality by in ovo and early feeding}, booktitle={Proceedings 6a reunion Annual AECACEM}, author={Ferket, P.R.}, year={2013} }
 @article{baurhoo_ferket_ashwell_de oliviera_zhao_2012, title={Cell Walls of Saccharomyces cerevisiae Differentially Modulated Innate Immunity and Glucose Metabolism during Late Systemic Inflammation}, volume={7}, ISSN={1932-6203}, url={http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0030323}, DOI={10.1371/journal.pone.0030323}, abstractNote={Background Salmonella causes acute systemic inflammation by using its virulence factors to invade the intestinal epithelium. But, prolonged inflammation may provoke severe body catabolism and immunological diseases. Salmonella has become more life-threatening due to emergence of multiple-antibiotic resistant strains. Mannose-rich oligosaccharides (MOS) from cells walls of Saccharomyces cerevisiae have shown to bind mannose-specific lectin of Gram-negative bacteria including Salmonella, and prevent their adherence to intestinal epithelial cells. However, whether MOS may potentially mitigate systemic inflammation is not investigated yet. Moreover, molecular events underlying innate immune responses and metabolic activities during late inflammation, in presence or absence of MOS, are unknown. Methods and Principal Findings Using a Salmonella LPS-induced systemic inflammation chicken model and microarray analysis, we investigated the effects of MOS and virginiamycin (VIRG, a sub-therapeutic antibiotic) on innate immunity and glucose metabolism during late inflammation. Here, we demonstrate that MOS and VIRG modulated innate immunity and metabolic genes differently. Innate immune responses were principally mediated by intestinal IL-3, but not TNF-α, IL-1 or IL-6, whereas glucose mobilization occurred through intestinal gluconeogenesis only. MOS inherently induced IL-3 expression in control hosts. Consequent to LPS challenge, IL-3 induction in VIRG hosts but not differentially expressed in MOS hosts revealed that MOS counteracted LPS's detrimental inflammatory effects. Metabolic pathways are built to elucidate the mechanisms by which VIRG host's higher energy requirements were met: including gene up-regulations for intestinal gluconeogenesis (PEPCK) and liver glycolysis (ENO2), and intriguingly liver fatty acid synthesis through ATP citrate synthase (CS) down-regulation and ATP citrate lyase (ACLY) and malic enzyme (ME) up-regulations. However, MOS host's lower energy demands were sufficiently met through TCA citrate-derived energy, as indicated by CS up-regulation. Conclusions MOS terminated inflammation earlier than VIRG and reduced glucose mobilization, thus representing a novel biological strategy to alleviate Salmonella-induced systemic inflammation in human and animal hosts.}, number={1}, journal={PLoS ONE}, publisher={Public Library of Science (PLoS)}, author={Baurhoo, Bushansingh and Ferket, Peter and Ashwell, Chris M. and de Oliviera, Jean and Zhao, Xin}, editor={Chakravortty, DipshikhaEditor}, year={2012}, month={Jan}, pages={e30323} }
 @article{yang_ferket_hong_zhou_cao_zhou_chen_2012, title={Effect of chito-oligosaccharide on growth performance, intestinal barrier function, intestinal morphology and cecal microflora in weaned pigs}, volume={90}, ISSN={["1525-3163"]}, DOI={10.2527/jas.2011-4699}, abstractNote={A total of 180 weanling pigs (21 ± 3 d of age; 5.98 ± 0.04 kg) were used to investigate the effect of chito-oligosaccharide (COS) on growth performance, intestinal barrier function, intestinal morphology, and cecal microflora. Based on initial BW, gender and litter, the pigs were given 5 treatments during a 14-d feeding experiment, including a basal diet (control), 3 diets with COS supplementation (200, 400, or 600 mg/kg), and a diet with colistin sulfate (CSE) supplementation (20 mg/kg). Six randomly selected pigs from each treatment were used to collect serum, duodenal, jejunal, ileal, and cecal samples on d 7 and 14 postweaning. From d 1 to 7 postweaning, pigs fed COS or CSE had greater ADG and ADFI compared with the control pigs. From d 1 to 14, diets with either 400 or 600 mg/kg COS, or 20 mg/kg CSE increased (P < 0.05) ADG and G:F compared with the control diet. No significant differences were observed in ADG, ADFI, and G:F between the pigs fed COS and CSE. Pigs fed either 400 or 600 mg/kg COS, or 20 mg/kg CSE had less (P < 0.05) diamine oxidase (DAO) in the serum, but greater concentration of (P < 0.05) DAO in jejunal mucosa, than the control pigs on d 7 postweaning. Treatments did not affect villous height and crypt depth of the duodenum, jejunum, or ileum. Pigs fed COS at 400 mg/kg had greater (P < 0.05) concentration of Bifidobacteria and Lactobacilli in the cecum than pigs fed the control diet and CSE diet on d 7 postweaning. Supplementation of COS or CSE decreased (P < 0.05) the population of cecal Staphylococcus aureus compared with the control diet on d 7 postweaning. The number of cecal Bifidobacteria in pigs fed 600 mg/kg COS was greater (P < 0.05) than that of pigs fed the control diet or CSE diet on d 14 postweaning. No significant differences were observed in Escherichia coli counts in the cecum among treatments. The present results indicate that dietary supplementation of COS at 400 or 600 mg/kg promotes growth performance and improves gut barrier function, increases the population of Bifidobacteria and Lactobacilli, and decreases S. aureus in the cecum of weanling pigs.}, number={8}, journal={JOURNAL OF ANIMAL SCIENCE}, author={Yang, C. M. and Ferket, P. R. and Hong, Q. H. and Zhou, J. and Cao, G. T. and Zhou, L. and Chen, A. G.}, year={2012}, month={Aug}, pages={2671–2676} }
 @article{auttawong_stark_ferket_brake_2012, title={Effect of coarse corn and DDGS inclusion in pelleted diets on broiler performance}, volume={91}, number={Supplement 1}, journal={Poultry Science}, author={Auttawong, S. and Stark, C.R. and Ferket, P.R. and Brake, J.}, year={2012}, pages={45} }
 @article{xu_stark_ferket_brake_2012, title={Effect of roller mill ground corn inclusion and litter type on broiler performance and fecal characteristics}, volume={91}, number={Supplement 1}, journal={Poultry Science}, author={Xu, Y. and Stark, C. and Ferket, P. and Brake, J.}, year={2012}, pages={188} }
 @article{xu_stark_ferket_brake_2012, title={Effect of roller mill ground corn inclusion and litter type on broiler performance, gastrointestinal and litter characteristics, and nutrient apparent ileal digestibility}, volume={91}, number={Supplement 1}, journal={Poultry Science}, author={Xu, Y. and Stark, C. and Ferket, P. and Brake, J.}, year={2012}, pages={46} }
 @article{cao_xiao_yang_chen_liu_zhou_zhang_ferket_2012, title={Effects of clostridium butyricum on growth performance, nitrogen metabolism intestinal morphology and cecal microflora in broiler chickens}, volume={11}, DOI={10.3923/javaa.2012.2665.2671}, number={15}, journal={Journal of Animal and Veterinary Advances}, author={Cao, G. T. and Xiao, Y. P. and Yang, C. M. and Chen, A. G. and Liu, T. T. and Zhou, L. and Zhang, L. and Ferket, Peter}, year={2012}, pages={2665–2671} }
 @article{yang_cao_ferket_liu_zhou_zhang_xiao_chen_2012, title={Effects of probiotic, Clostridium butyricum, on growth performance, immune function, and cecal microflora in broiler chickens}, volume={91}, ISSN={["1525-3171"]}, DOI={10.3382/ps.2011-02131}, abstractNote={Four hundred and fifty 1-d-old male Lingnan Yellow broiler chickens were used to investigate the effects of Clostridium butyricum on growth performance, immune function, and cecal microflora. The birds were randomly assigned to 5 treatments and offered the same antibiotic-free basal diets for 42 d. The treatments were as follows: no addition (control), 1 × 10(7) cfu C. butyricum/kg of diet (CB1), 2 × 10(7) cfu C. butyricum/kg of diet (CB2), 3 × 10(7) cfu C. butyricum/kg of diet (CB3), and 10 mg of colistine sulfate/kg of diet (antibiotic). Birds fed either CB2 or antibiotic had greater overall BW than those in the control group. During d 1 to 7, d 21 to 42, and d 1 to 42, birds fed either CB2 or CB3 or the antibiotic diet had greater ADG compared with those in the control group. No significant differences were observed in BW or ADG among the CB2, CB3, and antibiotic groups. Birds fed the CB2 or CB3 diet had greater concentrations of IgA and IgG in the serum from d 14 to 42 and greater IgM in the serum from d 21 to 42 than those in the control group. Birds fed the CB3 diet had a greater concentration of complement component 3 in the serum than those in the control group from d 7 to 42. Dietary C. butyricum decreased (P < 0.05) Escherichia coli in cecal contents on d 14 and 42, and both CB2 and CB3 decreased (P < 0.05) cecal Salmonella and Clostridium perfringen from d 14 to 42 compared with the control. Broilers fed either CB2 or CB3 had greater cecal Lactobacillus and Bifidobacterium counts from d 21 to 42, and birds fed C. butyricum had greater cecal C. butyricum counts during the whole period compared with those in the control group. The results indicate that C. butyricum promotes growth performance and immune function and benefits the balance of the intestinal microflora in broiler chickens.}, number={9}, journal={POULTRY SCIENCE}, author={Yang, C. M. and Cao, G. T. and Ferket, P. R. and Liu, T. T. and Zhou, L. and Zhang, L. and Xiao, Y. P. and Chen, A. G.}, year={2012}, month={Sep}, pages={2121–2129} }
 @inproceedings{ferket_2012, title={Embryo epigenomic response to breeder management and nutrition}, booktitle={Proceedings XXIV World’s Poultry Congress}, author={Ferket, P.R.}, year={2012}, pages={144} }
 @inproceedings{ferket_2012, title={Epigenetic programming by parent stock and progeny perinatal nutrition – The Poultry Model}, booktitle={Proceedings of the California Animal Nutrition Conference}, author={Ferket, P.R.}, year={2012} }
 @article{pacheco_stark_brake_ferket_2012, title={Evaluation of ESBM and corn particle size on broiler performance}, volume={91}, number={Supplement 1}, journal={Poultry Science}, author={Pacheco, W. and Stark, C. and Brake, J. and Ferket, P.R.}, year={2012}, pages={189} }
 @article{ferket_2012, title={Feed enzymes to optimize the gut ecosystem for peak performance and profitability}, volume={91}, number={Supplement 1}, journal={Poultry Science}, author={Ferket, P.R.}, year={2012}, pages={62} }
 @article{smith_northcutt_grimes_ferket_2012, title={Feed withdrawal effects on turkey live shrink and gastro-intestinal contents}, volume={91}, number={Supplement 1}, journal={Poultry Science}, author={Smith, D.P. and Northcutt, J.K. and Grimes, J.L. and Ferket, P.R.}, year={2012}, pages={76} }
 @article{ferket_malheiros_moraes_ayoola_barasch_torrent_2012, title={Functional oils are an alternative to pharmaceutical growth promoters in turkeys}, volume={91}, number={Supplement 1}, journal={Poultry Science}, author={Ferket, P. and Malheiros, R. and Moraes, V. and Ayoola, A. and Barasch, I. and Torrent, J.}, year={2012}, pages={212} }
 @inproceedings{malheiros_ferket_goncalves_2012, title={Oxidative stress protection of embryos by “in ovo” supplementation}, booktitle={Proceedings of the XXIV World’s Poultry Congress}, author={Malheiros, R.D. and Ferket, P.R. and Goncalves, F.M.}, year={2012}, pages={121} }
 @article{goncalves_santos_nunes_novelini_anciuti_rutz_ferket_2012, title={Total dietary replacement of sodium selenite by selenium yeast (Sel-Plex) improves carcass yield characteristics of male broilers}, volume={91}, number={Supplement 1}, journal={Poultry Science}, author={Goncalves, F.M. and Santos, V.L. and Nunes, J.K. and Novelini, L. and Anciuti, M.A. and Rutz, F. and Ferket, P.R.}, year={2012}, pages={145} }
 @inproceedings{barasch_ferket_grimes_stark_malheiros_2011, title={Effect of dietary inclusion of Actigen and virginiamycin on the growth performance of turkey toms}, booktitle={Abstracts, 2011 International Poultry Scientific forum}, author={Barasch, I.B. and Ferket, P.R. and Grimes, J.L. and Stark, C.R. and Malheiros, R.D.}, year={2011}, pages={229} }
 @article{barasch_ferket_grimes_stark_malheiros_2011, title={Effect of dietary inclusion of Actigen on ileal villi morphology of turkey poults}, volume={90}, number={E-supplement 1}, journal={Poultry Science}, author={Barasch, I.B. and Ferket, P.R. and Grimes, J.L. and Stark, C.R. and Malheiros, R.D.}, year={2011}, pages={146} }
 @inproceedings{malheiros_ferket_grimes_kim_2011, title={Effect of dietary supplementation of beta-mananase (CTCzyme) on the growth performance of turkey hens}, booktitle={Abstracts, 2011 International Poultry Scientific forum}, author={Malheiros, R.D. and Ferket, P.R. and Grimes, J.L. and Kim, S.W.}, year={2011}, pages={230} }
 @inproceedings{bohórquez_bohórquez_malhieros_wineland_ferket_2011, title={Effect of genetic cross, broiler breeder weight management, and incubation profile on jejunum mucosa development and growth performance of broiler progeny}, booktitle={Abstracts, 2011 International Poultry Scientific forum}, author={Bohórquez, N.E. and Bohórquez, D.V. and Malhieros, R.D. and Wineland, M.J. and Ferket, P.R.}, year={2011}, pages={149} }
 @inproceedings{van rooij_ferket_malheiros_latour_wineland_fletcher_vanden brand_2011, title={Effect of reduced egg shell conductance during late-term incubation on the morphological development of lymphoid tissues in turkey embryos and poults}, booktitle={Abstracts, 2011 International Poultry Scientific forum}, author={van Rooij, J.C.A. and Ferket, P.R. and Malheiros, R.D. and Latour, K. and Wineland, M.J. and Fletcher, O.J. and vanden Brand, H.}, year={2011}, pages={284} }
 @article{malheiros_ferket_grimes_moraes_barasch_torrent_2011, title={Effects of feeding functional oils on performance and jejunum morphology in turkey poults}, volume={90}, number={E-supplement 1}, journal={Poultry Science}, author={Malheiros, R.D. and Ferket, P.R. and Grimes, J.L. and Moraes, V.M.B. and Barasch, I.B. and Torrent, J.}, year={2011}, pages={13} }
 @article{pacheco_stark_ferket_brake_2011, title={Evaluation of different levels of trypsin inhibitor and particle size of expeller-extracted SBM on broiler performance}, volume={90}, number={E-supplement 1}, journal={Poultry Science}, author={Pacheco, W.J. and Stark, C.R. and Ferket, P.R. and Brake, J.}, year={2011}, pages={103} }
 @inproceedings{bohorquez_ferket_2011, title={Feeding the maturing gut for lifetime performance}, booktitle={Proceedings 5th Turkey Science and Production Symposium conference}, author={Bohorquez, D.V. and Ferket, P.R.}, year={2011} }
 @article{rivera-torres_ferket_sauvant_2011, title={Mechanistic modeling of turkey growth response to genotype and nutrition}, volume={89}, ISSN={["1525-3163"]}, DOI={10.2527/jas.2010-3504}, abstractNote={Along with the fast genetic improvement, nutritional and environmental effects on poultry growth performance have made it necessary to develop growth models that have the flexibility to adapt to different genotypes and growing conditions. A mechanistic simulation model of energy and nutrient utilization in growing turkeys is presented herein. The model consists of simulating the average homeorhetic and homeostatic regulations associated with the utilization of circulating glucose, fatty acid, AA, and acetyl-CoA for protein and lipid retention in carcass, viscera, and feathers in a turkey population. Homeorhesis plays a major role in the control of protein and lipid turnover for the definition of genetic potential and feed intake, whereas homeostasis adjusts growth rate through protein and lipid turnover rates and, therefore, BW gain and feed intake to the growing conditions. Also, homeostasis enables the maintenance of a dynamic balance state during all the growing period through the control of circulating nutrient concentration. The model was developed and calibrated with experimental data that described energy utilization in male and female growing turkeys. Then, the ability of the model to adapt to genotypes and to predict the average response of a turkey population to dietary energy was evaluated. Model calibration showed simulations of energy and nutrient utilization that fitted well with the experimental data because ME was satisfyingly partitioned into heat production and energy retention as protein and lipid, and nutrient intake accurately partitioned BW gain into carcass, viscera, and feathers. The evaluation of the model was also satisfactory because BW gain and feed-to-gain ratio were globally in accordance with the observations in different male and female genotypes, in spite of an overestimation of the feed-to-gain ratio during the first weeks of age. Model evaluation showed that the BW gain and feed intake response of growing turkeys to dietary energy was accurately predicted. The model can therefore be used in different growing conditions as it is capable of simulating the growth of different turkey genotypes fed under changing environmental and nutritional contexts.}, number={10}, journal={JOURNAL OF ANIMAL SCIENCE}, author={Rivera-Torres, V. and Ferket, P. R. and Sauvant, D.}, year={2011}, month={Oct}, pages={3170–3188} }
 @inproceedings{ferket_2011, title={Nutrition-disease interactions regarding gut health in chickens}, booktitle={Proceedings 18th European Symposium of Poultry Nutrition, Working Group 2 of WPSA}, author={Ferket, P.R.}, year={2011}, pages={180–192} }
 @inproceedings{ferket_2011, title={Strategies for finding alternatives to growth promoters}, booktitle={Proceedings of the XXII Congreso Latinoamericano de aviculture}, author={Ferket, P.R.}, year={2011} }
 @inproceedings{ferket_malheiros_barasch_wineland_moore_2011, title={The effect of feeding Original XPC to turkey breeder hens and progeny on the growth performance of turkey toms}, booktitle={Abstracts, 2011 International Poultry Scientific forum}, author={Ferket, P.R. and Malheiros, R.D. and Barasch, I. and Wineland, M.J. and Moore, D.}, year={2011}, pages={230} }
 @inproceedings{ferket_uni_2011, title={The egg comes first: in ovo feeding and the promise of perinatal nutrition}, booktitle={Proceedings of the Alltech Symposium}, author={Ferket, P.R. and Uni, Z.}, year={2011} }
 @article{bohórquez_bohórquez_ferket_2011, title={Ultrastructural development of the small intestinal mucosa in the embryo and turkey poult: A light and electron microscopy study}, volume={90}, ISSN={0032-5791}, url={http://dx.doi.org/10.3382/ps.2010-00939}, DOI={10.3382/ps.2010-00939}, abstractNote={The potential for growth and feed efficiency in turkey poults directly correlates with the early development of the intestinal epithelium. Although the metabolic aspects of enteric maturation have been studied, little is known about the ultrastructural development of the enteric epithelium in the turkey embryo and poult. Hence, the objective of this study was to document the morphological and ultrastructural development of the jejunum mucosa in turkeys, from 15 d of incubation (embryonic day; E) to 12 d posthatch. Intestinal samples from 4 embryos or poults were collected and analyzed by light and electron microscopy (transmission and scanning). In addition, amniotic fluid volume was determined in 6 eggs from E15 to E25. Longitudinal previllus ridges at E15 gradually formed zigzag patterns that led to the formation of 2 parallel lines of mature villi by E25. The volume of amniotic fluid was rapidly depleted as the embryo swallowed it between E19 and E25. During this period, a major increase occurs in villus height, the apical end of epithelial cells is gradually tightened by the junctional complex, and mature goblet cells are visible at the apical end of villi. Villus height steadily increases until reaching a plateau at 8 d. Villi morphology shifts gradually from finger-like projections before hatch to leaf-like projections by 12 d. At this age, the enteric epithelium is in intimate association with microbes such as segmented filamentous bacteria. The profound morphological adaptations of the turkey gut epithelium in response to amniotic fluid swallowing before hatch, and dietary factors and bacteria after hatch, demonstrate the plasticity of the enteric epithelium at this time. Hence, the supplementation of enteric modulators before hatch (in ovo feeding) and after hatch has the potential to shape gut maturation and enhance the growth performance of turkey poults.}, number={4}, journal={Poultry Science}, publisher={Elsevier BV}, author={Bohórquez, D.V. and Bohórquez, N.E. and Ferket, P.R.}, year={2011}, month={Apr}, pages={842–855} }
 @article{stark_ferket_2010, title={Asynchronous distance education in feed science}, volume={89}, number={E-Supplement 1}, journal={Poultry Science}, author={Stark, C.R. and Ferket, P.R.}, year={2010}, pages={788} }
 @article{oviedo-rondón_wineland_ashwell_ferket_2010, title={Bone development of three breed crosses of broilers is affected by incubation profiles}, volume={89}, number={E-Supplement 1}, journal={Poultry Science}, author={Oviedo-Rondón, E.O. and Wineland, M.J. and Ashwell, C.M. and Ferket, P.R.}, year={2010}, pages={543} }
 @article{zhao_ferket_wu_nakagawa_kim_2010, title={Dietary supplementation of L-glutamine and L-glutamate to newly hatched broiler chickens}, volume={89}, number={E-Supplement 1}, journal={Poultry Science}, author={Zhao, Y. and Ferket, P.R. and Wu, G. and Nakagawa, K. and Kim, S.W.}, year={2010}, pages={209} }
 @article{pacheco_malheiros_stark_ferket_brake_2010, title={Effect of percentage pellet fines and house-walking schedule on broiler growth performance}, volume={89}, number={E-Supplement 1}, journal={Poultry Science}, author={Pacheco, W.J. and Malheiros, R.D. and Stark, C.R. and Ferket, P.R. and Brake, J.}, year={2010}, pages={562} }
 @inproceedings{schwartz_ward_ferket_brake_2010, title={Enzyme supplementation of corn-based diets with or without distillers dried grains with solubles (DDGS) for broilers}, booktitle={ABSTRACTS 2010 International Poultry Scientific Forum}, author={Schwartz, M.H. and Ward, N.E. and Ferket, P.R. and Brake, J.}, year={2010}, pages={8} }
 @inproceedings{pacheco_stark_ferket_brake_2010, title={Evaluation of expeller-produced and solvent-extracted soybean meal at two particle sizes on broiler performance}, booktitle={ABSTRACTS 2010 International Poultry Scientific Forum}, author={Pacheco, W.J. and Stark, C.R. and Ferket, P.R. and Brake, J.}, year={2010}, pages={8} }
 @inproceedings{bohórquez_bohórquez_ferket_2010, title={Gut microbiota in the avian embryo}, booktitle={ABSTRACTS 2010 International Poultry Scientific Forum}, author={Bohórquez, D.V. and Bohórquez, N.E. and Ferket, P.R.}, year={2010}, pages={53} }
 @inproceedings{ferket_uni_2010, title={In ovo nutrition effects on neonatal development and performance}, booktitle={Poultry beyond 2010: sustaining profitability growth in a volatile environment}, author={Ferket, P.R. and Uni, Z.}, year={2010}, pages={105–121} }
 @article{rivera-torres_ferket_sauvant_2010, title={Modeling the response of growing turkeys to nutrition: from experimental to commercial data}, volume={89}, number={E-Supplement 1}, journal={Poultry Science}, author={Rivera-Torres, V. and Ferket, P. and Sauvant, D.}, year={2010}, pages={563} }
 @inproceedings{ferket_stark_2010, title={Recent developments in feed technology}, booktitle={Poultry beyond 2010: sustaining profitability growth in a volatile environment}, author={Ferket, P.R. and Stark, C.R.}, year={2010}, pages={188–205} }
 @article{malheiros_ferket_2010, title={Starter feed supplementation level effects of coated sodium butyrate (ADIMIX) on growth performance of broilers}, volume={89}, number={E-Supplement 1}, journal={Poultry Science}, author={Malheiros, R.D. and Ferket, P.R.}, year={2010}, pages={813} }
 @article{ferket_malheiros_wineland_grimes_moore_2010, title={The effect of feeding Original XPC to turkey breeder hens and progeny on starter poult performance and early breast muscle development}, volume={89}, number={E-Supplement 1}, journal={Poultry Science}, author={Ferket, P.R. and Malheiros, R.D. and Wineland, M.J. and Grimes, J.L. and Moore, D.T.}, year={2010}, pages={815} }
 @article{freeman_poore_middleton_ferket_2009, title={Alternative methods for disposal of spent laying hens: Evaluation of the efficacy of grinding, mechanical deboning, and of keratinase in the rendering process}, volume={100}, ISSN={["0960-8524"]}, DOI={10.1016/j.biortech.2009.01.077}, abstractNote={Besides the challenges of mortality and litter disposal, the poultry industry must find economical means of disposing of laying hens that have outlived their productive lives. Because spent hens have low market value and disposing of them by composting and burial is often infeasible, finding alternative disposal methods that are environmentally secure is prudent. The feasibility of grinding or mechanically deboning spent hens with and without prior mechanical picking was evaluated for the production of various proteinaceous by-product meals. The end products were analyzed for nutrient content and found to be high in protein (35.3-91.9% CP) and, with the exception of the feathers, high in fat (24.1-58.3%), making them potentially valuable protein and energy sources. After considering physical and economic feasibility, mechanical deboning was determined to be a logical first step for the conversion of spent hens into value-added by-product meals. Because the hard tissue fraction (primarily feathers, bones, and connective tissue) generated by mechanically deboning the hens presents the greatest challenge to their utilization as feedstuffs, attention was focused on technologies that could potentially improve the nutritional value of the hard tissue for use as a ruminant protein source. Traditional hydrolysis of this hard tissue fraction improved its pepsin digestibility from 74% to 85%; however, subsequent keratinase enzyme treatment for 1h, 2h, 4h, or 20 h after steam hydrolysis failed to improve the pepsin or amino acid digestibility any further (P>0.10). Enzyme hydrolysis did, however, increase the quantities of the more soluble protein fractions (A: 45.5, 46.6, 52.8, 51.6, and 55.8% of CP; B(1): 3.2, 9.8, 6.0, 4.6, and 4.1% of CP; B(2): 11.7, 18.1, 22.8, 29.6, and 22.0% of CP for 0, 1h, 2h, 4h, and 20 h, respectively) and reduced quantities of the less soluble fractions (B(3): 30.2, 18.1, 10.8, 5.5, and 10.2% of CP; C: 9.4, 7.5, 7.6, 8.8, and 7.9% of CP for 0, 1h, 2h, 4h, and 20 h, respectively). The protein digestibility of the steam hydrolyzed hard tissue fraction from the mechanical deboning of spent hens was found to be comparable to the digestibility of feather meal, but post-hydrolysis keratinase treatment did not improve feeding value for ruminants.}, number={19}, journal={BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY}, author={Freeman, S. R. and Poore, M. H. and Middleton, T. F. and Ferket, P. R.}, year={2009}, month={Oct}, pages={4515–4520} }
 @article{rivera-torres_ferket_sauvant_2009, title={Characterization of turkey growth profiles through mechanistic modeling}, volume={88}, number={Supplement 1}, journal={Poultry Science}, author={Rivera-Torres, V.C. and Ferket, P.R. and Sauvant, D.}, year={2009}, pages={43} }
 @article{schwartz_ferket_grimes_stark_2009, title={Effect of phytase and carbohydrase supplementation of corn-soy diets with or without inclusion of distillers dried grains with solubles (DDGS), 2009}, volume={88}, number={Supplement 1}, journal={Poultry Science}, author={Schwartz, M.H. and Ferket, P.R. and Grimes, J.L. and Stark, C.R.}, year={2009}, pages={67} }
 @article{baurhoo_ferket_zhao_2009, title={Effects of diets containing different concentrations of mannanoligosaccharide or antibiotics on growth performance, intestinal development, cecal and litter microbial populations, and carcass parameters of broilers}, volume={88}, ISSN={["1525-3171"]}, DOI={10.3382/ps.2008-00562}, abstractNote={The effects of 2 levels of mannanoligosaccharide (MOS) in feed were compared with antibiotic growth promoters on growth performance, intestinal morphology, cecal and litter microbial populations, and carcass parameters in broilers raised in a sanitary environment. Dietary treatments included: 1) antibiotic growth promoter-free diet (control), 2) VIRG (diet 1 + 16.5 mg/kg of virginiamycin), 3) BACT (diet 1 + 55 mg/kg of bacitracin), 4) LMOS (diet 1 + 0.2% MOS), and 5) HMOS (diet 1 + 0.5% MOS). Birds were randomly assigned to 3 replicate pens/treatment (n = 55/pen). Body weight and feed intake were recorded weekly throughout 38 d. At d 14, 24, and 34, a 1-cm segment of duodenum, jejunum, and ileum was used in morphological analysis (n = 9 birds/d per treatment). At the same bird ages, cecal contents were assayed for lactobacilli, bifidobacteria, Salmonella, Campylobacter, and Escherichia coli, whereas litter was analyzed for Salmonella, Campylobacter, and E. coli. Carcass yields (breast fillet and tenders, thigh, drumstick, and wing) were determined at d 38. Body weight, feed conversion, and carcass yields did not differ among treatments. In contrast to birds fed VIRG or BACT, LMOS and HMOS consistently increased (P < 0.05) villi height and goblet cell number per villus in all intestinal segments at d 24 and 34. Bifidobacteria concentrations were higher (P < 0.05) in LMOS- and HMOS-fed birds at all time points. Birds and litter from all treatments were free of Salmonella. At d 14 and 24, cecal E. coli and Campylobacter counts were not different among treatments. In comparison to birds fed control, at d 34, BACT, LMOS, and HMOS significantly reduced (P < 0.05) cecal E. coli concentrations, whereas Campylobacter counts were reduced (P < 0.05) by VIRG, BACT, and LMOS. Litter bacterial counts were not altered by dietary treatments. In conclusion, under conditions of this study, MOS conferred intestinal health benefits to chickens by improving its morphological development and microbial ecology. But, there were no additional benefits of the higher MOS dosage.}, number={11}, journal={POULTRY SCIENCE}, author={Baurhoo, B. and Ferket, P. R. and Zhao, X.}, year={2009}, month={Nov}, pages={2262–2272} }
 @article{schwartz_bohorquez_ferket_2009, title={Effects of water and feed supplementation of oregano essential oil (Ragano®) of coccidian-challenged turkey poults on growth performance and gut morphology, 2009}, volume={88}, number={Supplement 1}, journal={Poultry Science}, author={Schwartz, M.H. and Bohorquez, D.V. and Ferket, P.R.}, year={2009}, pages={188} }
 @inproceedings{ferket_2009, title={Epigenetic adaptations in poultry: A case for in ovo feeding strategies}, booktitle={Proceedings 70th Minnesota Nutrition Conference}, author={Ferket, P.R.}, year={2009}, pages={60–76} }
 @article{bohorquez_santos_ferket_2009, title={Evaluatoin of mucosal development of the small intestine in perinatal turkeys by light and electron microscopy}, volume={88}, number={Supplement 1}, journal={Poultry Science}, author={Bohorquez, D.V. and Santos, A.A., Jr. and Ferket, P.R.}, year={2009}, pages={198} }
 @article{ange-van heugten_van heugten_timmer_bosch_elias_whisnant_swarts_ferket_verstegen_2009, title={Fecal and Salivary Cortisol Concentrations in Woolly (Lagothrix ssp.) and Spider Monkeys (Ateles spp.)}, volume={2009}, ISSN={1687-8477 1687-8485}, url={http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2009/127852}, DOI={10.1155/2009/127852}, abstractNote={Detrimental physiological effects due to stressors can contribute to the low captive success of primates. The objective of this research was to investigate the potential impact of diet composition on cortisol concentrations in feces and saliva in woolly (n=27) and spider monkeys (n=61). The research was conducted in three studies: the first investigated spider monkeys in the United States, the second investigated spider monkeys within Europe, and the third investigated woolly monkeys within Europe. Fecal cortisol in spider monkeys in US zoos varied (P=.07) from 30 to 66 ng/g. The zoo with the highest fecal cortisol also had the highest salivary cortisol (P≤.05). For European zoos, fecal cortisol differed between zoos for both spider and woolly monkeys (P≤.05). Spider monkeys had higher fecal cortisol than woolly monkeys (P≤.05). Zoos with the highest dietary carbohydrates, sugars, glucose, and fruit had the highest cortisol. Cortisol was highest for zoos that did not meet crude protein requirements and fed the lowest percentage of complete feeds and crude fiber. Differences among zoos in housing and diets may increase animal stress. The lifespan and reproductive success of captive primates could improve if stressors are reduced and dietary nutrients optimized.}, journal={International Journal of Zoology}, publisher={Hindawi Limited}, author={Ange-van Heugten, Kimberly D. and van Heugten, Eric and Timmer, Saskia and Bosch, Guido and Elias, Abahor and Whisnant, Scott and Swarts, Hans J. M. and Ferket, Peter and Verstegen, Martin W. A.}, year={2009}, pages={1–9} }
 @inproceedings{ferket_2009, title={How to resolve leg problems in turkeys}, booktitle={Proceedings Midwest Poultry Federation Meetings}, author={Ferket, P.R.}, year={2009} }
 @article{bohorquez_de oliveira_ashwell_ferket_2009, title={In ovo feeding effects on post-hatch development of the small intestinal epithelium of turkey poults}, volume={88}, number={Supplement 1}, journal={Poultry Science}, author={Bohorquez, D.V. and de Oliveira, J.E. and Ashwell, C.M. and Ferket, P.R.}, year={2009}, pages={151} }
 @article{bohorquez_bohorquez_ferket_2009, title={In-ovo feeding and dietary NUPRO® enhances triodothyronine activity and morphological maturation of the small intestinal epithelium of turkey embryos and poults}, volume={88}, number={Supplement 1}, journal={Poultry Science}, author={Bohorquez, D.V. and Bohorquez, N.E. and Ferket, P.R.}, year={2009}, pages={42} }
 @article{wineland_evans_oviedo_ahswell_ferket_2009, title={In-ovo feeding and dietary β-hydroxy-β-methylbutyrate effects on poult quality, growth performance and ileum microanatomy of turkey poults from 1 to 11 days of age}, volume={88}, number={Supplement 1}, journal={Poultry Science}, author={Wineland, M.J. and Evans, H.R.C. and Oviedo, E.O. and Ahswell, C.M. and Ferket, P.R.}, year={2009}, pages={48} }
 @article{de oliveira_druyan_uni_ashwell_ferket_2009, title={Prehatch intestinal maturation of turkey embryos demonstrated through gene expression patterns}, volume={88}, ISSN={0032-5791}, url={http://dx.doi.org/10.3382/ps.2008-00548}, DOI={10.3382/ps.2008-00548}, abstractNote={Some of the challenges faced by neonatal turkeys include weakness, reduced feed intake, impaired growth, susceptibility to disease, and mortality. These symptoms may be due to depleted energy reserves after hatch and an immature digestive system unable to replenish energy reserves from consumed feed. To better understand enteric development in turkeys just before hatch, a new method was used to identify the patterns of intestinal gene expression by utilizing a focused microarray. The duodenums of 24 turkey embryos were sampled on embryonic day (E)20, E24, E26, and hatch (E28). The RNA populations of 96 chosen genes were measured at each time point, from which 81 significantly changed (P < 0.01). These genes were clustered by gene expression pattern similarity into 4 groups. The expression pattern of hormone receptors revealed that intestinal tissues may be less responsive to growth hormone, insulin, glucagon, and triiodothyronine during the last 48 h before hatch, when developmental emphasis switches from cell proliferation to functional maturation. Based on gene expression patterns, we concluded that at hatch, poults should have the capacity to 1) digest disaccharides but not oligopeptides, due to increased expression of sucrase-isomaltase but decreased expression of aminopeptidases and 2) absorb monosaccharides and small peptides due to high expression of sodium-glucose cotransporter-4 and peptide transporter-1.}, number={12}, journal={Poultry Science}, publisher={Elsevier BV}, author={de Oliveira, J.E. and Druyan, S. and Uni, Z. and Ashwell, C.M. and Ferket, P.R.}, year={2009}, month={Dec}, pages={2600–2609} }
 @article{foye_ashwell_uni_ferket_2009, title={The Effects of Intra-Amnionic Feeding of Arginine And/or ß-Hyroxy-ß-Methylbutyrate on Jejunal Gene Expression in the Turkey Embryo and Hatchling}, volume={8}, ISSN={1682-8356}, url={http://dx.doi.org/10.3923/ijps.2009.437.445}, DOI={10.3923/ijps.2009.437.445}, abstractNote={In-ovo Feeding (IOF), injecting nutrients into the amnion of the developing embryo may enhance post-hatch growth by enhancing intestinal expression and function prior to hatch. This hypothesis was evaluated with IOF solutions of Arginine (ARG), HMB and Egg White Protein (EW) in turkeys. Four treatments were arranged as a factorial of 2 levels of ARG (0 and 0.7%) and HMB (0 and 0.1%). An IOF solution of EW (18%) was evaluated for contrast. At 23 d of incubation (23E) each IOF solution was injected into the amnion. Upon hatch all poults were fed ad libitum. Intestinal mRNA of the digestion/absorption related genes Sodium Glucose Transporter (SGLT), Peptide transporter (Pept), Sucrase-isomaltase (SI) and Aminopepdiase (AP) were determined at 25E, hatch, 3 and 7 d by real-time PCR analysis. The data was analyzed as a 2X2 factorial and 1-way ANOVA for contrast. There were significant ARG X HMB effects on Pept, SGLT, SI and AP mRNA levels at hatch. IOF HMB alone enhanced Pept, SGLT, SI and AP intestinal mRNA expression at hatch, whereas inclusion of ARG depressed expression. There were main and independent effects of HMB or ARG on mRNA expression of SI and AP at 25E, in which ARG alone depressed expression, while IOF HMB alone had no effect on SI or AP expression. These results suggest that IOF may enhance early growth by improving intestinal capacity to digest and absorb nutrients at hatch which may fuel more rapid post-hatch growth.}, number={5}, journal={International Journal of Poultry Science}, publisher={Science Alert}, author={Foye, O.T. and Ashwell, C. and Uni, Z. and Ferket, P.R.}, year={2009}, month={May}, pages={437–445} }
 @article{upton_edens_ferket_2009, title={The effects of dietary oxidized fat and selenium source on performance, glutathione peroxidase, and glutathione reductase activity in broiler chickens}, volume={18}, ISSN={["1537-0437"]}, DOI={10.3382/japr.2008-00019}, abstractNote={Abstract Normal or elevated selenium status of broilers, which is influenced by dietary selenium sources, improves the bird’s ability to overcome the adverse effects of reactive oxygen metabolites. The objective of this study was to evaluate the effects of feeding graded levels of peroxidized poultry fat on blood and hepatic glutathione peroxidase (GSH-Px), and hepatic glutathione reductase activity in broiler chickens fed either inorganic sodium selenite (SEL) or organic selenium enriched in the organic selenium yeast product Sel-Plex (SP). Nine starter diets, varying in levels of oxidized fat (0, 3, and 6 mEq/kg) and dietary selenium sources, were fed to 360 male chicks from hatch to 21 d of age. Sel-Plex or SEL was added to the basal diet to provide either 0 or 0.2 ppm of supplemental selenium in the diets. Blood and hepatic samples were obtained for each treatment group at 21 d of age. Neither peroxidized fat nor selenium source significantly altered the activity of hepatic glutathione reductase (P ≤ 0.05). Blood GSH-Px was influenced significantly by both fat and selenium source (P ≤ 0.05), but the fat × selenium source interaction was not significant (P ≥ 0.3). A selenium source effect on the hepatic GSH-Px activity (P ≤ 0.05) was evidenced by higher GSH-Px activity, even in the basal diet with no added peroxidized fat. An increase in GSH-Px activity was seen in the erythrocyte and hepatic samples in both the SEL and SP treatments when peroxidized fat was given at 3 mEq/kg, but in the erythrocytes and in the hepatic tissues from SEL-supplemented birds, there was an apparent inhibition of GSH-Px activity. This inhibition was not seen in the hepatic tissue samples from SP-fed birds. Because elevated GSH-Px activity is indicative of oxidative stress, it was concluded that dietary SP supplementation resulted in better selenium and redox status in broilers than did SEL. These results indicate that the dietary selenium supplied in an organic form (selenium yeast as SP) improved the selenium and redox status in broilers, leading to greater resistance to oxidative stress than when the inorganic form of selenium (SEL) was fed.}, number={2}, journal={JOURNAL OF APPLIED POULTRY RESEARCH}, author={Upton, J. R. and Edens, F. W. and Ferket, P. R.}, year={2009}, pages={193–202} }
 @article{santos_ferket_santos_nakamura_collier_2008, title={Change in the ileal bacterial population of turkeys fed different diets and after infection with Salmonella as determined with denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis of amplified 16S ribosomal DNA}, volume={87}, ISSN={["1525-3171"]}, DOI={10.3382/ps.2006-00462}, abstractNote={Changes in ileal bacterial populations of Salmonella-infected turkeys fed different diets were analyzed by using 16S-V3 PCR denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis. Turkeys raised on litter flooring were fed wheat- and corn-based diets with and without enzyme preparations (XY1 and XY2, respectively) from 0 to 126 d. Preparation XY1 contained exclusively endoxylanase, whereas preparation XY2 contained endoxylanase, protease, and alpha-amylase (Danisco, , Wiltshire, UK). The dietary activity levels of XY1 and XY2 were 2,500 and 650 endo-1,4-beta-xylanase units/kg of feed, respectively. Microbial DNA was extracted from the ileal content of 16-wk-old turkeys, and the 16S rDNA gene was amplified by PCR and analyzed by denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis. Diversity indexes, including richness (number of species, S), evenness (relative distribution of species, EH), diversity (using Shannon's index, H'), and Sorenson's pairwise similarities coefficient (measures the species in common between different habitats, Cs) were calculated. Additionally, diversity indexes were associated with Salmonella prevalence determined from fresh fecal droppings collected from each pen. On the basis of contrast analysis, the wheat-based diets resulted in higher microbial diversity indexes than the corn-based diets (S = 10 vs. 12; EH = 0.9 vs. 0.8; H' = 2.2 vs. 1.9, P < 0.05). Likewise, enzyme supplementation stimulated growth of the microbiota and increased the diversity indexes in comparison with unsupplemented treatments (S = 13 vs. 10; EH = 0.9 vs. 0.8; H' = 2.2 vs. 1.9, P < 0.05). Salmonella prevalence was higher (P < 0.05) at 15 wk in turkeys fed the corn-based diet (Salmonella prevalence = 50%) than in turkeys fed the corn-enzyme (Salmonella prevalence = 13%) and wheat-based (Salmonella prevalence = 0%) dietary treatments. Therefore, contrast analysis showed that birds fed the corn control diet had lower microbiota diversity but higher Salmonella prevalence than birds fed the enzyme-supplemented and wheat-based diets. In contrast, birds fed the wheat-based diets had higher diversity but lower Salmonella prevalence than birds fed the corn-based diets. High dietary nonstarch polysaccharides from wheat and dietary exogenous enzyme supplementation promoted microbial community diversity and apparently discouraged Salmonella colonization through competitive exclusion. Nonstarch polysaccharides and dietary exogenous enzyme supplementation may be practical tools to control enteric pathogens and benefit the intestinal health and food safety of the birds.}, number={7}, journal={POULTRY SCIENCE}, author={Santos, A. A., Jr. and Ferket, P. R. and Santos, F. B. O. and Nakamura, N. and Collier, C.}, year={2008}, month={Jul}, pages={1415–1427} }
 @article{freeman_poore_huntington_middleton_ferket_2009, title={Determination of nitrogen balance in goats fed a meal produced from hydrolyzed spent hen hard tissues}, volume={87}, ISSN={["0021-8812"]}, DOI={10.2527/jas.2008-1077}, abstractNote={To provide an economically viable and environmentally sound method for disposing of spent laying hens, we manufactured a proteinaceous meal from the hard tissue fraction of mechanically deboned laying hens (primarily feathers, bones, and connective tissue). We hydrolyzed the hard tissue and coextruded it with soybean hulls to create a novel feather and bone meal (FBM) containing 94.2% DM, 23.1% CP, 54.5% NDF, and 7.3% fat (DM basis). We evaluated the FBM in supplements for meat goats in which it provided 0, 20, 40, or 60% of the N added to the supplement compared with a negative control supplement with no added N source. The remainder of the N was contributed by soybean meal (SBM). Supplementation of N resulted in greater DMI than the negative control (P = 0.005), and DMI changed quadratically (P = 0.11) as FBM increased in the supplement. Digestibility of DM was similar in all diets, including the negative control (P > 0.10). Fiber digestibility increased linearly as dietary inclusion of FBM increased (P = 0.04 for NDF, P = 0.05 for ADF), probably as a result of the soybean hulls in the FBM. Nitrogen digestibility declined linearly from 60.5% with 0% FBM to 55.6% with 60% FBM (P = 0.07), but N retention changed by a quadratic function as FBM replaced SBM (P = 0.06). Negative control goats had less N digestibility (P < 0.001) and N retention (P = 0.008) than N-supplemented goats. Feather and bone meal had a greater proportion of ruminally undegradable B(3) protein than SBM (23.1 vs. 0.3% of CP, respectively). Ruminal VFA and pH were unaffected by replacing SBM with FBM, but supplying no source of N in the concentrate resulted in reduced total VFA in ruminal fluid (P = 0.04). Ruminal ammonia concentration increased quadratically (P = 0.07) as FBM increased, reflecting increased intake, and it was much less in unsupplemented goats (P < 0.001). Serum urea had less variation between 0 and 4 h after feeding in goats receiving 40 or 60% of added N as FBM in comparison with those receiving only SBM or 20% FBM. Feather and bone meal promoted a more stable rumen environment, possibly because of reduced rates of protein degradation within the rumen. A palatable by-product meal for ruminants can be made from spent laying hen hard tissue, one that supports N metabolism similar to that of traditional protein sources.}, number={3}, journal={JOURNAL OF ANIMAL SCIENCE}, author={Freeman, S. R. and Poore, M. H. and Huntington, G. B. and Middleton, T. F. and Ferket, P. R.}, year={2009}, month={Mar}, pages={1068–1076} }
 @article{de oliveira_ashwell_uni_ferket_2008, title={Effect of in ovo feeding on turkey embryo intestinal morphology}, volume={87}, number={Supplement 1}, journal={Poultry Science}, author={De Oliveira, J.E. and Ashwell, C.M. and Uni, Z. and Ferket, P.R.}, year={2008}, pages={31} }
 @inproceedings{bohorquez_santos_rojas_uni_ferket_2008, title={Effects of in-ovo feeding (IOF) and dietary β-hydroxy-β-methylbutyrate (HMB) on the small intestinal microanatomy of turkey poults}, booktitle={Proceedings XXIII World’s Poultry Congress 2008}, publisher={World’s Poultry Science Association}, author={Bohorquez, D.V. and Santos, A.A., Jr. and Rojas, J.O. and Uni, Z. and Ferket, P.R.}, year={2008}, pages={414} }
 @misc{de oliveira_uni_ferket_2008, title={Important metabolic pathways in poultry embryos prior to hatch}, volume={64}, ISSN={["1743-4777"]}, DOI={10.1017/s0043933908000160}, abstractNote={Growth performance and meat yield of commercial broilers and turkeys has improved linearly each year during the past four decades (Havenstein et al., 2003b; Havenstein et al., 2003a; Havenstein et al., 2007), and this trend is likely to continue in the future as new technologies in genetics, biotechnology and developmental biology are adopted by the poultry industry. As the time it takes meat birds to achieve market size decreases, the period of embryonic development becomes a greater proportion of a bird's productive life. Therefore, incubation and embryonic development towards hatch is of greater relative importance to the successful rearing of meat poultry than ever before (Hulet 2007; Foye et al., 2007b). Consequently, anything that supports or limits growth and development during the incubation period will have a marked effect on overall growth performance and health of modern strains of meat poultry. Many poultry researchers now realize that future gains in genetic and production potential of poultry will come from advancements made during the incubation period and embryogenesis (Elibol et al., 2002; Peebles et al., 2005; Christensen et al., 2007; Collin et al., 2007; Leksrisompong et al., 2007). The urgent need to explore and understand the biology of incubation has been emphasised by several symposia: two held at the annual conference of the U.S. Poultry Science Society (July 2006-Edmonton, Alberta, Canada “Managing the embryo for performance”, and July 2007-San Antonio, TX Informal Nutrition Meeting “The impact of imprinting on biological and economical performance in animals”), and one held by the European Federation of World Poultry Science Society (October 2007-Berlin, Germany “Fundamental physiology and perinatal development in poultry), which were specifically devoted to demonstrating the importance of the embryonic period on poultry performance. This review will summarise the metabolic events and pathways in four of the most active tissues of embryos during the period just prior to hatch, and the hormonal control that coordinates the marked changes as the embryo prepares for its post-hatch life.}, number={4}, journal={WORLDS POULTRY SCIENCE JOURNAL}, author={De Oliveira, J. E. and Uni, Z. and Ferket, P. R.}, year={2008}, month={Dec}, pages={488–499} }
 @article{bohórquez_santos_ferket_2008, title={In-ovo feeding and dietary β-hydroxy-β-methylbutyrate effects on poult quality, growth performance and ileum microanatomy of turkey poults from 1 to 11 days of age}, volume={87}, number={Supplement 1}, journal={Poultry Science}, author={Bohórquez, D.V. and Santos, A.A., Jr. and Ferket, P.R.}, year={2008}, pages={139} }
 @article{santos_sheldon_santos_ferket_2008, title={Influence of housing system, grain type, and particle size on Salmonella colonization and shedding of broilers fed triticale or corn-soybean meal diets}, volume={87}, ISSN={["1525-3171"]}, DOI={10.3382/ps.2006-00417}, abstractNote={Salmonella colonization in poultry may be influenced by grain type and particle size. Broilers reared either in nonlitter cage-based housing or in a conventionally floored litter house from 0 to 42 d were assigned to 1 of 4 dietary treatments: 1) ground corn-soybean meal (C, 560 microm), 2) coarsely ground corn-soybean meal (CC, >1,700 microm), 3) ground triticale-soybean meal (T, 560 microm), or 4) whole triticale-soybean meal (WT). A 4-strain cocktail of Salmonella enterica was orally gavaged into each chick at placement. Growth performance, cecal and fecal Salmonella populations, gizzard and proventriculus pH, intestinal size, jejunum histomorphometry, and carcass yields were measured. Broilers responded differently to the dietary treatments according to the housing system used. At 42 d, birds reared on litter and fed ground grain had greater BW than those fed coarse grain (2.87 vs. 2.71 kg), whereas cage-reared broilers fed ground triticale were heavier than those fed corn (2.75 vs. 2.64 kg). Broilers raised on litter had a better feed conversion ratio than those raised in cages (1.71 vs. 1.81 g/g). Independent of the housing system, relative eviscerated carcass weights of birds fed T and C were heavier than those of CC- and WT-fed broilers (762 vs. 752 g/kg). Generally, the jejunum villus area and mucosal depth were larger, whereas the small intestine was lighter and shorter in broilers raised on litter. Relative gizzard weights of broilers raised on litter and fed the coarser diets were heavier than those of broilers reared in cages and fed finely ground diets. Feeding whole or coarsely ground grains decreased cecal Salmonella populations in 42-d-old broilers (3.8, 3.9, 4.4, and 4.4 log most probable number/g for CC, WT, C, and T, respectively). Additionally, 42-d-old broilers reared on litter had lower cecal Salmonella populations than those in cages (3.8 vs. 4.4 log most probable number/g). In conclusion, as a feed ingredient, triticale is a good alternative to corn, resulting in improved BW and reduced Salmonella colonization. Broilers raised on litter may have achieved lower cecal Salmonella populations than caged birds because access to litter may have modulated the intestinal microflora by increasing competitive exclusion microorganisms, which discouraged Salmonella colonization.}, number={3}, journal={POULTRY SCIENCE}, author={Santos, F. B. O. and Sheldon, B. W. and Santos, A. A., Jr. and Ferket, P. R.}, year={2008}, month={Mar}, pages={405–420} }
 @article{oviedo-rondón_mente_lascelles_grimes_ferket_mitchell_2008, title={Leg defects and gait patterns on turkey bone biomechanical properties}, volume={87}, number={Supplement 1}, journal={Poultry Science}, author={Oviedo-Rondón, E.O. and Mente, P.L. and Lascelles, B.D.X. and Grimes, J. and Ferket, P. and Mitchell, A.}, year={2008}, pages={58} }
 @inproceedings{bohorquez_santos_nanney_ferket_2008, title={Nutrient digestibility value of Nuproo® yeast extract for broilers}, booktitle={Proceedings XXIII World’s Poultry Congress 2008}, author={Bohorquez, D.V. and Santos, A.A., Jr. and Nanney, R.L. and Ferket, P.R.}, year={2008}, pages={1261} }
 @inproceedings{ferket_2008, title={Nutrition and management factors that affect gut health in broiler breeders}, booktitle={Proceedings 2008 North Carolina Broiler Breeder and Hatchery Management Conference}, author={Ferket, P.R.}, year={2008}, pages={79–86} }
 @inproceedings{ferket_2008, place={Macclesfield}, title={Nutrition of the Perinatal Turkey}, booktitle={Proceedings of the 2nd Turkey Science and Production Conference}, publisher={Shrigley Hall}, author={Ferket, P.R.}, year={2008}, pages={63–67} }
 @article{ferket_oviedo-rondon_mente_bohorquez_santos_grimes_richards_dibner_felts_2009, title={Organic trace minerals and 25-hydroxycholecalciferol affect performance characteristics, leg abnormalities, and biomechanical properties of leg bones of turkeys}, volume={88}, ISSN={["1525-3171"]}, DOI={10.3382/ps.2008-00200}, abstractNote={Leg problems and resulting mortality can exceed 1% per week in turkey toms starting at approximately 15 wk of age. Dietary supplementation of organic trace minerals (MIN) and 25-hydroxycholecalciferol (HyD) may improve performance, decrease incidence of leg abnormalities, and increase bone strength. Nicholas 85X700 toms were assigned to 4 treatments consisting of a factorial arrangement of 2 concentrations of MIN (0 and 0.1% of Mintrex P(Se), which adds 40, 40, 20, and 0.3 mg/kg of Zn, Mn, Cu, and Se, respectively) and 2 concentrations of HyD (0 and 92 microg/kg of HyD). Diets were formulated to be equal in nutrient content and fed ad libitum as 8 feed phases. Feed intake and BW were measured at 6, 12, 15, 17, and 20 wk of age. Valgus, varus, and shaky leg defects were determined at 12, 15, 17, and 20 wk of age. Tibia and femur biomechanical properties were evaluated by torsion and bending tests at 17 wk of age. There were no treatment effects on BW. Only MIN significantly improved feed conversion ratio through to 20 wk of age. Cumulative mortality at 3 wk of age was greater among the MIN birds, but it was lower by 20 wk (P = 0.085). The MIN decreased the incidence of varus defects at 17 wk of age; shaky leg at 12, 15, and 17 wk of age; and valgus defects at 15, 17, and 20 wk of age. There were no MIN x HyD interaction effects on individual gait problems. Maximum load and the bending stress required for tibias to break in a 4-point assay were increased with MIN supplementation, especially when HyD was also added. Maximum shear stress at failure of femoral bones in a torsion assay was increased by supplementation with both MIN and HyD together. Dietary supplementation of MIN and HyD may improve biomechanical properties of bones. Dietary MIN supplementation may improve feed conversion of turkeys, likely by decreasing leg problems.}, number={1}, journal={POULTRY SCIENCE}, author={Ferket, P. R. and Oviedo-Rondon, E. O. and Mente, P. L. and Bohorquez, D. V. and Santos, A. A., Jr. and Grimes, J. L. and Richards, J. D. and Dibner, J. J. and Felts, V.}, year={2009}, month={Jan}, pages={118–131} }
 @article{edens_upton_ferket_2008, title={Selenium Yeast Effect on Broiler Performance}, volume={7}, ISSN={1682-8356}, url={http://dx.doi.org/10.3923/ijps.2008.798.805}, DOI={10.3923/ijps.2008.798.805}, abstractNote={Positive responses attributed to selenomethionine in Se-yeast (Sel-Plex [SP], Alltech, Inc., TM Nicholasville, KY 40356)-supplemented feed have increased the interest in use of SP in all phases of poultry production. Experiments to test the influence of SP on performance parameters in broiler males (Arbor Acres X Arbor Acres) in floor pens were conducted. A completely randomized experimental design incorporated four Se-supplementation treatment groups [(1) No Se, (2) sodium selenite (NaSe; 0.2 ppm), (3) SP (0.2 ppm), and (4) NaSe (0.1 ppm)+SP (0.1 ppm)]. Body weights (BW), feed conversions (FCR), cut-up carcass yield, breast meat drip loss and serum thyroid hormones were measured through 6 wk of age. BW of SP-fed broilers were increased compared to No Se or NaSe treatment groups and the combination of NaSe and SP was no more effective than SP alone. FCR improved with Se supplementation with the SP and SP+NaSe being superior to NaSe only treatment. Feather yield was increased by SP treatment compared to all other treatments. Carcass weight, yields of viscera, feet, leg and thigh and neck were higher in SP-treated birds Increased breast meat drip loss was induced by NaSe. The serum thyroxin (T ) levels were higher in birds 4 within No Se treatment as compared to NaSe or SP. The ratios between serum T and tri-iodothyronine (T ) 4 3 indicate that SP treatment facilitated the conversion of T to T . The results suggest that Se from SP was used 4 3 more efficiently for performance in fast growing, high yielding broiler chickens.}, number={8}, journal={International Journal of Poultry Science}, publisher={Science Alert}, author={Edens, Frank W. and Upton, J. Robert and Ferket, Peter R.}, year={2008}, month={Aug}, pages={798–805} }
 @article{ange-van heugten_verstegen_ferket_stoskopf_van heugten_2008, title={Serum chemistry concentrations of captive woolly monkeys (Lagothrix lagotricha)}, volume={27}, ISSN={0733-3188 1098-2361}, url={http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/zoo.20176}, DOI={10.1002/zoo.20176}, abstractNote={AbstractWoolly monkeys (Lagothrix sp.) are threatened species and numerous zoos have failed to sustain successful populations. The most common causes of death in captive woolly monkeys are related to pregnancy and hypertension. The objective of this retrospective study was to evaluate serum concentrations of a large number of captive woolly monkeys to establish baseline means and compare these concentrations with their closest related species to determine potential abnormalities. Serum analyses from 30 woolly monkeys housed at two institutions (Apenheul, The Netherlands and The Louisville Zoo, KY, USA) over 12 yr were collected. The statistical model included gender, age group (young, 0–4 yr of age; middle, 5–9 yr; and old, 10+ yr), and zoological institution. All panel result means were similar to previously reported concentrations for howler (Alouatta sp.) and spider monkeys (Ateles sp.) with the possible exception of alanine aminotransferase and γ‐glutamyl‐transferase being higher, whereas creatinine and phosphorus were lower. The serum glucose mean of 6.7 mmol/L is above the baseline range for humans and spider monkeys. Alkaline phosphatase (ALP), alanine aminotransferase, and sodium (Na) were higher in females and magnesium (Mg) was higher in males (P<0.05). ALP, Mg, and phosphorus were highest (P<0.05) and calcium and sodium tended to be highest (P<0.10) in the oldest animals. Ferritin tended to be highest (P<0.10) in the oldest animals. Albumin, ALP, chloride, Na, and total bilirubin were higher for Zoo A, whereas γ‐glutamyl‐transferase, glucose, and lactate dehydrogenase were lower for Zoo A (P<0.05). Areas of potential woolly monkey health risk were noted and discussed. Future studies are needed to determine free‐ranging serum concentrations to elucidate parameters that contain aberrant concentrations and decrease health status. Zoo Biol 27:188–199, 2008. © 2008 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.}, number={3}, journal={Zoo Biology}, publisher={Wiley}, author={Ange-van Heugten, Kimberly and Verstegen, Martin and Ferket, Peter R. and Stoskopf, Michael and van Heugten, Eric}, year={2008}, pages={188–199} }
 @inproceedings{bohorquez_santos_nanney_ferket_2008, title={Small intestine development and growth performance of turkey poults is enhanced by dietary supplementation of Nupro® yeast extract}, booktitle={Proceedings XXIII World’s Poultry Congress 2008}, author={Bohorquez, D.V. and Santos, A.A., Jr. and Nanney, R.L. and Ferket, P.R.}, year={2008}, pages={1258} }
 @inproceedings{ferket_oviedo_powel_2008, title={Solving leg problems in turkeys}, booktitle={Proceedings XXIII World’s Poultry Congress 2008}, author={Ferket, P.R. and Oviedo, E.O. and Powel, K.E.}, year={2008}, pages={1255} }
 @inproceedings{ferket_2008, title={The effect of nutrition on epigenetics in poultry}, booktitle={Proceedings of the 29th Western Nutrition Conference}, author={Ferket, P.R.}, year={2008} }
 @article{de oliveira_ferket_ashwell_uni_heggen-peay_2007, title={Changes in the late term turkey embryo metabolism due to in ovo feeding}, volume={86}, number={Supplement 1}, journal={Poultry Science}, author={de Oliveira, J.E. and Ferket, P.R. and Ashwell, C.M. and Uni, Z. and Heggen-Peay, C.}, year={2007}, pages={214} }
 @article{cheema_qureshi_havenstein_ferket_nestor_2007, title={Comparison of the immune response of 2003 commercial turkeys and a 1966 randombred strain when fed representative 2003 and 1966 turkey diets}, volume={86}, ISSN={["0032-5791"]}, DOI={10.1093/ps/86.2.241}, abstractNote={The immunological performance of modern turkeys (one-third each of the Nicholas Turkey, British United Turkeys of America, and Hybrid Turkey strains) hatched in 2003 (2003 strain) was compared with that of a randombred control turkey strain (RBC2) established in calendar year 1966, when fed representative 1966 and 2003 type diets. The 2003 strain had a higher BW and bursa of Fabricius weight relative to total BW compared with the RBC2 strain (P = 0.0001) when measured at 12 and 13 d of age, respectively. Total antibody response against SRBC did not differ between strains, nor were any differences observed in the IgM antibody levels either during a primary or secondary SRBC challenge. However, RBC2 poults had higher IgG levels (P = 0.02) than the 2003 strain at 7 d post secondary SRBC challenge. No significant differences were observed in the phytohemagglutinin phosphate-mediated toe-web lymphoblastic response. However, the 2003-strain turkeys seemed to have a better swelling response (P = 0.06) than the RBC2-strain turkeys when measured at 24 h post phytohemagglutinin phosphate injection. The modern turkeys also had higher mononuclear phagocytic system function, as measured by clearance of carbon particles from the bloodstream 5 min post intravenous injection of colloidal carbon (P = 0.02). These results indicate that selection over the years of turkeys for improved performance traits has had no adverse effects on most of the immune system indicators when examined prior to sexual maturity in the current study.}, number={2}, journal={POULTRY SCIENCE}, author={Cheema, M. A. and Qureshi, M. A. and Havenstein, G. B. and Ferket, P. R. and Nestor, K. E.}, year={2007}, month={Feb}, pages={241–248} }
 @article{havenstein_ferket_grimes_qureshi_nestor_2007, title={Comparison of the performance of 1966-versus 2003-type turkeys when fed representative 1966 and 2003 turkey diets: Growth rate, livability, and feed conversion}, volume={86}, ISSN={["0032-5791"]}, DOI={10.1093/ps/86.2.232}, abstractNote={Body weight, livability, and feed conversion of a randombred control turkey line (RBC2) started in 1966 at The Ohio State University was compared with that of modern commercial turkeys hatched in 2003 when fed representative 1966- and 2003-type diets from hatch (March 5, 2003) through 196 d of age. Each pen of modern turkeys consisted of 5 birds each of the Nicholas, British United Turkeys of America, and Hybrid strains. Eight groups (i.e., 2 strains (RBC2 vs. modern), 2 sexes, and 2 dietary regimens) were randomly assigned into each of 4 blocks of 8 litter floor pens (32 total) for growout. Using the BW performance of the 2 strains on the modern feed as the basis, the study showed that the 2003 turkeys were approximately twice as heavy as the 1966 RBC2 at the 4 slaughter ages and that tom weights have increased by 186, 208, 227, and 241 g/yr, and hen weights have increased by 164, 179, 186, and 205 g/yr at 112, 140, 168, and 196 d of age, respectively, over the past 37 yr. Cumulative feed conversion (kg of feed/kg of BW) was approximately 20% better in the 2003 tom turkey on the 2003 feed (2.638) than in the RBC2 tom on the 1966 feed (3.278) at 20 wk of age. Feed efficiency to 11 kg of BW in the 2003 toms (2.132 at 98 d of age) was approximately 50% better than in the RBC2 toms (4.208 at 196 d of age). The number of days to reach that weight was halved during this period of time. Growth performance during the different periods of the study appeared to be strongly affected by type of feed used and seasonal changes in ambient temperature. Overall livability was very good for all groups, but the mortality level of the RBC2 was consistently higher, although not significantly so, than for the modern birds.}, number={2}, journal={POULTRY SCIENCE}, author={Havenstein, G. B. and Ferket, P. R. and Grimes, J. L. and Qureshi, M. A. and Nestor, K. E.}, year={2007}, month={Feb}, pages={232–240} }
 @article{santos_sheldon_santos_ferket_lee_petroso_smith_2007, title={Determination of ileum microbial diversity of broilers fed triticale- or corn-based diets and colonized by Salmonella}, volume={16}, ISSN={["1537-0437"]}, DOI={10.3382/japr.2006-00105}, abstractNote={SUMMARY Diversity of the bacterial communities in the ileum of broilers was characterized using denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis. Denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis separation of polymerase chain reaction amplicons of the V2-V3 variable regions of the 16S rDNA is a common method to profile community diversity and has been used to assess the effects of diet and antibiotics on the ileal bacterial community of chickens. Broilers raised either on litter floor or in cage batteries were fed either a finely ground corn- (control), a finely ground triticale-, or a whole triticale-based diet from 0 to 42 d. Microbial DNA was extracted from the ileum content of 42-d-old broilers, and the 16S rDNA gene was amplified by polymerase chain reaction and the amplicons separated by denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis. Diversity indexes including richness, evenness, diversity, and pairwise similarity coefficients were calculated. Diversity indexes were related to the dietary treatments, housing designs, and to changes in Salmonella colonization of broiler ceca as characterized by the most probable number method. Higher microbial diversity indexes were observed among birds fed whole triticale-based diets and reared on litter floors. In contrast, finely ground grain treatments had lower diversity and higher Salmonella prevalence than the whole triticale treatment. The data indicated that combination of high dietary fiber content and increased coarseness of the diet by feeding whole triticale stimulated microbial community diversity and discouraged Salmonella colonization, perhaps through a competitive exclusion-type mechanism.}, number={4}, journal={JOURNAL OF APPLIED POULTRY RESEARCH}, author={Santos, F. B. O. and Sheldon, B. W. and Santos, A. A., Jr. and Ferket, P. R. and Lee, M. D. and Petroso, A. and Smith, D.}, year={2007}, pages={563–573} }
 @article{heggen-peay_garrell_doeling_ferket_2007, title={Development of an automated delivery system for in ovo feeding of turkey embryos}, volume={86}, number={Supplement 1}, journal={Poultry Science}, author={Heggen-Peay, C.L. and Garrell, M. and Doeling, V.W. and Ferket, P.R.}, year={2007}, pages={214} }
 @article{ferket_2007, title={Development of time-enhanced internet-based distance education in feed mill management and feed formulation}, volume={86}, number={Supplement 1}, journal={Poultry Science}, author={Ferket, P.}, year={2007}, pages={463} }
 @article{ange-van heugten_burns_verstegen_jansen_ferket_heugten_2007, title={Evaluation of diabetes determinants in woolly monkeys (Lagothrix lagotricha)}, volume={91}, ISSN={["1439-0396"]}, url={http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?eid=2-s2.0-35948977775&partnerID=MN8TOARS}, DOI={10.1111/j.1439-0396.2007.00679.x}, abstractNote={SummaryWoolly monkeys (Lagothrix lagotricha) are a threatened specie in the wild with limited successful management in captivity due to diagnosed hypertension and suspected diabetic conditions. Six woolly monkeys with known hypertension problems were tested to determine if diabetes mellitus and current daily diet are underlying links to health problems for the captive population of this species. Blood and urine were collected and serum was analysed for fructosamine, glucose, glycated haemoglobin, insulin, triacylglycerides, total cholesterol, high‐density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL‐Chol) and low‐density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL‐Chol) while urine was tested for glucose concentrations. Diet disappearance was determined for 3 days prior to blood collection and nutrient content was calculated using Zoo Diet Analysis computer program. Serum analyses were within normal ranges (fructosamine (139–242 μmol/l), glucose (2.22–4.78 mmol/l), glycated haemoglobin (3.52–4.73%), insulin (6.2–13.0 μU/ml), triacylglycerides (0.38–3.4 mmol/l), total cholesterol (2.5–5.1 mmol/l), HDL‐Chol (0.4–1.6 mmol/l) and LDL‐Chol (1.8–3.4 mmol/l)). Urine glucose concentrations were below the detection limit. Diets were not limiting in starch and total sugars and were similar in non‐starch polysaccharides. Potential dietary deficiencies were noted for vitamin A, vitamin D, calcium, phosphorus and selenium. When compared with the available primate reference ranges, the results do not indicate problems with diabetes mellitus or with glucose metabolism and therefore they are not causes of the diagnosed hypertension. Further research to ascertain the true cause of health related problems and the role of dietary factors is needed.}, number={11-12}, journal={JOURNAL OF ANIMAL PHYSIOLOGY AND ANIMAL NUTRITION}, publisher={Wiley}, author={Ange-van Heugten, K. D. and Burns, R. and Verstegen, M. W. A. and Jansen, W. L. and Ferket, P. R. and Heugten, E.}, year={2007}, month={Dec}, pages={481–491} }
 @inproceedings{santos_ferket_2007, title={Fatores Dietéticos que Afetam a Saúde Intestinal e a Colonização por Patógenos}, booktitle={Conferência APINCO de Ciência e Tecnologia Avícolas 2007}, author={Santos, A.A. and Ferket, P.R.}, year={2007} }
 @inproceedings{ferket_santos_2007, title={Feed formulation strategies to optimize gut development and health}, booktitle={Proceedings World’s Poultry Veterinary Congress}, author={Ferket, P.R. and Santos, A.A.}, year={2007} }
 @article{santos_d'souza_jaykus_ferket_sheldon_2007, title={Genotypes, serotypes, and antibiotic resistance profiles of Salmonella isolated from commercial North Carolina Turkey farms}, volume={70}, ISSN={["1944-9097"]}, DOI={10.4315/0362-028X-70.6.1328}, abstractNote={This study was designed to determine the serotypes, genotypes, and antibiotic resistance (AbR) patterns of 42 Salmonella isolates recovered from either fecal or litter samples of 12 commercial turkey farms across two seasons (summer and winter) and two ages (3 and 19 weeks). Isolates were serotyped on the basis of the Kauffmann-White scheme. Genotyping was done by restriction digestion of cDNA (XbaI) and subsequent pulsed-field gel electrophoresis (PFGE). The AbR was determined with Sensititre susceptibility plates. Serovar Kentucky was the most prevalent serotype (26%), followed by Senftenberg (19%), Muenster (17%), Mbandaka (10%), Javiana (7%), Hadar (5%), Heidelberg (5%), 8,(20):nonmotile (5%), Agona (2%), Infantis (2%), and 4,12:r:-(2%). Serovars Kentucky, Heidelberg, Hadar, and 8,(20):nonmotile were isolated only from the 19-week-old bird samples, whereas Senftenberg and Muenster were isolated only from the young birds (3 weeks old). Isolates within any one serotype showed minor PFGE banding pattern differences, but dendogram analysis indicated that sequence variability between serotypes was more significant than within serotypes. Isolates were resistant to tetracycline (86%), sulfisoxazole (71%), streptomycin (64%), gentamicin (41%), ampicillin (36%), kanamycin (26%), sulfamethoxazole-trimethoprim (7%), nalidixic acid (5%), cefoxitin (2%), and ceftiofur (2%). One isolate (Muenster) was resistant to nine antibiotics (2%), and the others were resistant to six (7%), five (12%), four (10%), three (21%), two (24%), and one (10%) antibiotic. Only two isolates (5%) were susceptible to all antibiotics tested. The AbR patterns were affected by age; on average, strains recovered from young birds were resistant to more than four drugs compared with fewer than three in older birds (P < 0.05). This study showed that Salmonella enterica subsp. enterica serotypes, genotypes and AbR patterns were affected by bird age but not by season or farm.}, number={6}, journal={JOURNAL OF FOOD PROTECTION}, author={Santos, F. B. O. and D'Souza, D. H. and Jaykus, L. and Ferket, P. R. and Sheldon, B. W.}, year={2007}, month={Jun}, pages={1328–1333} }
 @article{bohorquez_santos_ferket_2007, title={In ovo-fed lactose augments small intestinal surface and body weight of 3 day-old turkey poults}, volume={86}, number={Supplement 1}, journal={Poultry Science}, author={Bohorquez, D.V. and Santos, A.A., Jr. and Ferket, P.R.}, year={2007}, pages={214} }
 @article{de oliveira_ferket_wineland_oviedo-rondon_2007, title={Inuence of in ovo feeding on turkey poult quality}, volume={86}, number={Supplement 1}, journal={Poultry Science}, author={de Oliveira, J. and Ferket, P.R. and Wineland, M.J. and Oviedo-Rondon, E.O.}, year={2007}, pages={318} }
 @article{foye_ferket_uni_2007, title={Ontogeny of energy and carbohydrate utilisation of the precocial avian embryo and hatchling}, volume={18}, ISSN={["1470-2061"]}, DOI={10.3184/147020607X296033}, number={3}, journal={AVIAN AND POULTRY BIOLOGY REVIEWS}, author={Foye, O. T. and Ferket, P. R. and Uni, Z.}, year={2007}, pages={93–101} }
 @article{biohorquez_santos_ferket_richards_2007, title={Supplementatin with MINTREX® organic trace minerals enhances intestinal health and feed efficiency of turkey poults}, volume={86}, number={Supplement 1}, journal={Poultry Science}, author={Biohorquez, D. and Santos, A. and Ferket, P. and Richards, J.}, year={2007}, pages={782} }
 @article{foye_ferket_uni_2007, title={The effects of in ovo feeding arginine, beta-hydroxy-beta-methyl-butyrate, and protein on Jejunal digestive and absorptive activity in embryonic and neonatal turkey poults}, volume={86}, ISSN={["1525-3171"]}, DOI={10.3382/ps.2007-00110}, abstractNote={In ovo feeding, injecting nutrients into the amnion of the avian embryo, may enhance jejunal nutrient uptake, activity of the intestinal enzymes, and posthatch growth. This hypothesis was tested in the following in ovo feeding (IOF) experiments. In experiment 1, 400 eggs were evenly distributed among 4 nutritional treatments at 23 d of embryonic development (23E) and administered 1 of 4 treatments as a 2 x 2 factorial arrangement of arginine (ARG 0, 0.7%) and beta-hydroxy-beta-methyl-butyrate (HMB 0, 0.1%). Tissues were assayed for maltase, sucrase, and leucine aminopeptidase (LAP) at 25E, hatch, and 3, 7, and 14 d. In experiment 2, all IOF procedures were repeated and treatments were administered at 21E: injected or noninjected control, 21% egg white protein (EWP), 21% EWP + 0.1% HMB. In experiment 3, two hundred eggs were evenly distributed among the following treatments at 23E: noninjected control or 0.7% ARG + 0.1% HMB + 21% EWP. Jejunal samples were assayed for glucose or alanine uptake at 23E, 25E, and hatch (experiment 2), and hatch and 7 d (experiment 3), respectively. All poults were fed a turkey starter diet ad libitum immediately upon hatching. There was a highly significant HMB x ARG interaction on jejunal sucrase, maltase, and LAP activities at 25E and 14 d. Poults in ovo (IO) fed HMB + ARG had approximately a 2- to 3-fold increase in jejunal sucrase, maltase, and LAP activities at 25E, and a 3-fold increase at 14 d, over other treatments. Poults IO fed EWP + HMB (experiment 2) had enhanced glucose uptake at 25E, whereas poults IO fed ARG + HMB + EWP (experiment 3) had enhanced alanine uptake at hatch and 7 d. These studies demonstrate that IOF ARG, HMB, and EWP may enhance jejunal nutrient uptake and digestion in turkeys.}, number={11}, journal={POULTRY SCIENCE}, author={Foye, T. and Ferket, P. R. and Uni, Z.}, year={2007}, month={Nov}, pages={2343–2349} }
 @inbook{rutz_ferket_santos_oviedo-rondon_2006, title={Antimicrobianos nas racoes de aves e suinos}, booktitle={Anais de Simposios da 43o Reuniao Anual da SBZ, Joao Pessoa}, author={Rutz, F. and Ferket, P.R. and Santos, A.A. and Oviedo-Rondon, E.}, year={2006}, pages={394–433} }
 @article{deoliveira_ferket_ashwell_uni_2006, title={Assessing liver energy metabolism of late term turkey embryos using microarrays}, volume={85}, number={Supplement 1}, journal={Poultry Science}, author={deOliveira, J. and Ferket, P. and Ashwell, C. and Uni, Z.}, year={2006}, pages={35} }
 @article{santos_ferket_santos_nakamura_collier_gaskins_2006, title={Denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis analysis of 16S ribosomal DNA amplicons to analyze changes in ileum bacterial population of turkeys fed different diets and after infection with Salmonella spp}, volume={85}, number={Supplement 1}, journal={Poultry Science}, author={Santos, A.A. and Ferket, P.R. and Santos, F.B.O. and Nakamura, N. and Collier, C. and Gaskins, H.R.}, year={2006}, pages={32} }
 @article{foye_uni_ferket_2006, title={Effect of in ovo feeding egg white protein, beta-hydroxy-beta-methylbutyrate, and carbohydrates on glycogen status and neonatal growth of turkeys}, volume={85}, ISSN={["1525-3171"]}, DOI={10.1093/ps/85.7.1185}, abstractNote={In ovo feeding (IOF), injecting dietary components into the amnion about 1 d prior to internal pipping, may enhance growth by altering glycogen status. This hypothesis was evaluated with 5 IOF solutions containing protein, beta-hydroxy-beta-methylbutyrate (HMB), and carbohydrate. Four IOF treatments were arranged as a factorial of 2 levels of egg white protein (EWP; 0 and 18%) and 2 levels of HMB (0 and 0.1%). An IOF solution of carbohydrates (S; 20% dextrin and 3% maltose) was evaluated for contrast purposes. At 23 d of incubation, 1.5 mL of IOF solution was injected into the amnion of 100 eggs per treatment. At hatch, feed and water were provided ad libitum. At hatch and 3 and 7 d of age, BW were determined, and 10 poults per treatment were sampled to determine liver (LG) and pectoralis muscle (PC) glycogen content. Poults on IOF treatments A (18% EWP), B (18% EWP + HMB), and D (HMB) weighed 6.0, 2.7, and 3.3% more than the controls at hatch, respectively (P < 0.05) with an EWP x HMB interaction (P < 0.05) sustained to 3 and 7 d only in treatment D (P < 0.005). At hatch, A and D poults had greater percentages of PC (P < 0.05) than controls, and the percentage of PC in treatment D was sustained until 7 d. Total LG was enhanced by A and B at 7 d (P < 0.05) over the controls, whereas total PC glycogen was enhanced at 7 d by IOF treatment D (P < 0.05). The IOF A and S poults had greater BW than the controls at hatch only (P < 0.05). The IOF treatment A had greater LG at hatch (P < 0.05), but by 7 d, A and S had greater LG than controls (P < 0.05). Poults fed S in ovo had enhanced total PC glycogen over controls, whereas poults on treatment A had less total PC glycogen than controls (P < 0.05). The results of this experiment demonstrate that IOF of A or S poults may enhance hatch BW and glycogen status of poults during the neonatal period by inclusion of HMB.}, number={7}, journal={POULTRY SCIENCE}, author={Foye, O. T. and Uni, Z. and Ferket, P. R.}, year={2006}, month={Jul}, pages={1185–1192} }
 @article{warner_ferket_christensen_felts_2006, title={Effect of season, hatch time, and post-hatch holding on glycogen status of turkey poults}, volume={85}, number={Supplement 1}, journal={Poultry Science}, author={Warner, J.D. and Ferket, P.R. and Christensen, V.L. and Felts, J.V.}, year={2006}, pages={56} }
 @article{ferket_gernat_2006, title={Factors That Affect Feed Intake of Meat Birds: A Review}, volume={5}, ISSN={1682-8356}, url={http://dx.doi.org/10.3923/ijps.2006.905.911}, DOI={10.3923/ijps.2006.905.911}, abstractNote={1 Abstract: Feed intake is the major factor that influences both the body weight gain and feed efficiency in meat-type poultry. Because so many factors can influence feed intake, it is often difficult to correct a problem of poor feed intake unless a complete review of feed and management practices is made. Management and flock health issues are usually more likely to reduce feed intake than dietary factors. Dietary factors that influence feed intake would be common among all flocks in a complex rather than on individual flocks. In contrast, environmental or immunological stresses have the most profound effects on flock variation in feed intake. Any management protocol that would alleviate these stressors will improve feed intake. To improve flock feed intake, initially investigate the source of greatest stress or disease challenge.}, number={10}, journal={International Journal of Poultry Science}, publisher={Science Alert}, author={Ferket, Peter R. and Gernat, Abel G.}, year={2006}, month={Oct}, pages={905–911} }
 @article{de oliveira_ferket_uni_jones_upton_doeling_ricks_2006, title={Glycogen status and growth of poults in ovo fed carbohydrate and hydrolyzed soy relative to positive and negative controls}, volume={85}, number={Supplement 1}, journal={Poultry Science}, author={de Oliveira, J. and Ferket, P. and Uni, Z. and Jones, B. and Upton, R. and Doeling, V. and Ricks, C.}, year={2006}, pages={206} }
 @article{bohorquez_plunske_oviedo-rondon_ferket_2006, title={Growth performance of salmonella-challenged broilers fed normal and high threonine (THR) diets supplemented with egg immunoglobulins (IgY}, volume={85}, number={Supplement 1}, journal={Poultry Science}, author={Bohorquez, D. and Plunske, R. and Oviedo-Rondon, E. and Ferket, P.}, year={2006}, pages={168} }
 @article{bohorquez_plunske_oviedo_ferket_2006, title={Growth performance, gut health, and feed passage of Salmonella-challenged chickens reared on litter floors or in cages}, volume={85}, number={Supplement 1}, journal={Poultry Science}, author={Bohorquez, D. and Plunske, R. and Oviedo, E. and Ferket, P.}, year={2006}, pages={32} }
 @inproceedings{ferket_uni_2006, title={In ovo feeding enhances early gut development and digestive capacity of poultry}, number={Supplement 64}, booktitle={Worlds’ Poultry Science}, author={Ferket, P.R. and Uni, Z.}, year={2006}, pages={300} }
 @inproceedings{uni_ferket_tako_2006, title={In ovo feeding: impact in gut development, engergetic status, gene expression, and growth performance}, booktitle={Proceedings of the 29th Technical Turkey Conference}, author={Uni, Z. and Ferket, P.R. and Tako, E.}, year={2006} }
 @inproceedings{ferket_2006, title={Incubation and in ovo nutrition effects on neonatal development}, booktitle={Proceedings of the 33rd Annual Carolina Poultry Nutrition Conference}, author={Ferket, P.R.}, year={2006}, pages={18–28} }
 @article{santos_santos_ferket_sheldon_2006, title={Influence of Grain Particle Size and Insoluble Fiber Content on Salmonella Colonization and Shedding of Turkeys Fed Corn-Soybean Meal Diets}, volume={5}, ISSN={1682-8356}, url={http://dx.doi.org/10.3923/ijps.2006.731.739}, DOI={10.3923/ijps.2006.731.739}, abstractNote={This study aimed to determine the impact of feeding partially ground corn or insoluble fiber on intestinal development, Salmonella cecal colonization and fecal shedding of turkeys from 0-28d. Turkeys reared in cage-batteries were assigned to 1 of 3 diets: ground corn-SBM (GC, TRT 1), coarse ground cornSBM (CC, TRT 2), and 4% wood shavings + ground corn-SBM (SC, TRT 3). A 3-strain cocktail of nalidixic acidresistant Salmonella enterica serotypes Hadar, Javaina, and Typhimurium was orally-gavaged into each poult at placement. Cecal and fecal Salmonella populations, growth performance and intestinal weights and lengths were measured. The diets had no impact on Salmonella cecal or fecal populations. At 28d, Salmonella cecal populations decreased approximately 3-logs (range: 2.4-3.3 log reduction) across all treatments in comparison to 7d (P<0.0001). At 28d body weight, body gain and feed conversion ratio were not impacted by the diets. However, at 14d poults consuming the SC diet had lower feed consumption than those fed the GC and CC diets (231 vs. 243 and 252 g, P=0.001, respectively). The CC diet resulted in heavier relative gizzard weights at 28d in comparison to the GC and SC diets (30 vs. 28 and 22 g/kg, respectively, P<0.0001). Conversely, the SC treatment reduced the mass of the small intestine relative to body weight, especially the jejunum. Dietary inclusion of coarsely ground corn and wood shavings had no adverse effect on growth performance yet improved gizzard and intestinal development, which could have positive effects on intestinal health.}, number={8}, journal={International Journal of Poultry Science}, publisher={Science Alert}, author={Santos, F.B.O. and Santos, A.A., Jr. and Ferket, P.R. and Sheldon, B.W.}, year={2006}, month={Aug}, pages={731–739} }
 @article{santos_santos_ferket_sheldon_2006, title={Influence of housing system, grain type and particle size on Salmonella colonization and shedding in broilers fed triticale and corn-soybean meal diets}, volume={85}, number={Supplement 1}, journal={Poultry Science}, author={Santos, F. and Santos, A. and Ferket, P. and Sheldon, B.}, year={2006}, pages={18} }
 @article{smirnov_tako_ferket_uni_2006, title={Mucin gene expression and mucin content in the chicken intestinal goblet cells are affected by in ovo feeding of carbohydrates}, volume={85}, ISSN={["1525-3171"]}, DOI={10.1093/ps/85.4.669}, abstractNote={The protective mucus layer covers the entire surface of the gastrointestinal tract. The mucus layer also acts as a medium for molecule transport between the luminal contents and the enterocytes; therefore it has a major role in nutrient absorption. The main mucus layer component, mucin glycoproteins, is produced by mucous-secreting goblet cells. In chicken small intestine, functional development of goblet cells and enterocytes occurs in the late embryonic and immediate posthatch period. Presence of the nutrient is crucial for mucosal development. Feed deprivation immediately after hatch caused delayed mucosa development and perturbed mucin dynamics. Recent studies showed the intraamnionic nutrient supply (in-ovo feeding; IOF) accelerated mucosa functional development. In this study, the effect of IOF on the mucin mRNA expression and mucin content in the goblet cells was studied. The feeding solution containing carbohydrates was administered to the amnionic fluid of the Cobb embryos at d 17.5 of incubation. Samples from the jejunum were taken at d 17 of incubation (before IOF), and then 10 embryos from each group were sampled at 19 d of incubation, at hatch, and at d 3 posthatch. Following IOF, villus surface area increased at day of hatch and 3 d posthatch by 27 and 21%, respectively. In addition, the proportion of goblet cells containing acidic mucin increased 36 h after injection by 50% compared with the controls. The mucin mRNA expression increased gradually from d 17 of incubation to 3 d posthatch. Enhanced expression of the mucin mRNA was found at the day of hatch in chicks that received carbohydrate solution into the amnionic fluid in comparison with the control group. The results showed that providing the carbohydrates as an energy source to the late-term embryo had a trophic effect on the small intestine and enhanced goblet cell development.}, number={4}, journal={POULTRY SCIENCE}, author={Smirnov, A and Tako, E and Ferket, PR and Uni, Z}, year={2006}, month={Apr}, pages={669–673} }
 @misc{oviedo-rondon_ferket_havenstein_2006, title={Nutritional factors that affect leg problems in broilers and turkeys}, volume={17}, ISSN={["1470-2061"]}, DOI={10.3184/147020606783437921}, number={3}, journal={AVIAN AND POULTRY BIOLOGY REVIEWS}, author={Oviedo-Rondon, E. O. and Ferket, P. R. and Havenstein, G. B.}, year={2006}, pages={89–103} }
 @inproceedings{ferket_2006, title={Nutritional fueling of the genetic turkey engine}, booktitle={Proceedings of the 35th Annual Poultry Health Conference}, author={Ferket, P.R.}, year={2006}, pages={63–74} }
 @inproceedings{santos_ferket_2006, title={Nutritional strategies to modulate microflora}, booktitle={Proceedings of the 33rd Annual Carolina Poultry Nutrition Conference}, author={Santos, A.A. and Ferket, P.R.}, year={2006}, pages={66–89} }
 @article{fasina_classen_garlich_black_ferket_uni_olkowski_2006, title={Response of turkey poults to soybean lectin levels typically encountered in commercial diets. 2. Effect on intestinal development and lymphoid organs}, volume={85}, ISSN={["1525-3171"]}, DOI={10.1093/ps/85.5.870}, abstractNote={Lectins are capable of altering intestinal morphology by binding to and disrupting the intestinal brush border membrane. They are also known to alter the weight of lymphoid organs. Therefore, we evaluated the effect of soybean lectin (SBL) on intestinal morphology and lymphoid organ weights of poults fed diets containing SBL. Dietary treatments evaluated in this study included a cornstarch and casein-based control (lectin-free) semipurified diet (PD) and semipurified diets containing 0.024 or 0.048% SBL (PDL and PDH, respectively). Experimental diets were fed from hatch to 14 d. Morphological evaluation of the intestine involved measurement of the villi height and perimeter, crypt depth, villus:crypt, and thickness of the muscle layer in the jejunum. Intestinal physical characteristics were also determined by measuring intestinal weight, length, and volume. Results indicated that 0.048% SBL in PDH increased villus:crypt and reduced total intestinal length in turkey poults. In addition, both the 0.024 and 0.048% dietary SBL levels reduced thymus weights. It was concluded that dietary SBL up to 0.048% enhanced intestinal development by increasing villus:crypt, but might alter the structural integrity of lymphoid organs.}, number={5}, journal={POULTRY SCIENCE}, author={Fasina, YO and Classen, HL and Garlich, JD and Black, BL and Ferket, PR and Uni, Z and Olkowski, AA}, year={2006}, month={May}, pages={870–877} }
 @article{ferket_oviedo_grimes_bohroques_santos_richards_felts_2006, title={Supplementation with MINTREX® organic trace minerals improves growth performance and leg abnormalities in turkeys}, volume={85}, number={Supplement 1}, journal={Poultry Science}, author={Ferket, P.R. and Oviedo, E.O. and Grimes, J.L. and Bohroques, D.V. and Santos, A.A. and Richards, J.D. and Felts, V.}, year={2006}, pages={31} }
 @article{foye_uni_mcmurtry_ferket_2006, title={The Effects of Amniotic Nutrient Administration, "In ovo Feeding" of Arginine And/or ß-Hydroxy- Betß-Methyl Butyrate (HMB) on Insulin-like Growth Factors, Energy Metabolism and Growth in Turkey Poults}, volume={5}, ISSN={1682-8356}, url={http://dx.doi.org/10.3923/ijps.2006.309.317}, DOI={10.3923/ijps.2006.309.317}, abstractNote={In ovo feeding (IOF), injecting nutrients into the amnion, may improve growth performance by enhancing circulating IGF’s and glycogen reserves. To test this hypothesis 400 Hybrid® turkey eggs were injected into the amnion with 1.5 ml saline solutions consisting of 4 IOF formulation treatments consisting of a factorial arrangement of 2 levels of arginine (ARG 0 or 0.7%) and 2 levels of HMB (0 or 0.1%) at 23 days (d) of incubation. At hatch, poults were fed ad libitum and bodyweights (BW), organ weights, total liver and pectoralis muscle (PM) glycogen were taken at hatch 3, 7, 10, and 14 d. Additionally, hepatic glucose-6phosphatase (G6P) activity was determined at hatch and 7 d. Heparinized blood samples were taken at hatch, 3 d, 7 d and 14 d and plasma was analyzed for IGF-I and IGF-II levels using an acid-ethanol extraction method. Although arginine had no affect on BW, there were significant main effects of HMB on increased BW from hatch through 14 d. Plasma IGF-I levels were significantly enhanced at hatch, 3 and 7 d in poults in ovo fed both ARG and HMB, but not when either factor was independent. Significant ARG X HMB effects were observed on IGF-II at hatch, 3d and 7d: without ARG, IGF-II was decreased by HMB, but it increased when added with ARG. All in ovo treatments increased G6P at hatch, while, G6P was depressed by HMB or ARG alone at 7 d. Total hepatic glycogen was increased only at hatch by HMB or ARG, but their effects were not additive as indicated by a significant ARG X HMB effect. In ovo administration of HMB and arginine enhances hepatic liver reserves, which may provide the fuel needed for rapid subsequent growth during the critical post-hatch period.}, number={4}, journal={International Journal of Poultry Science}, publisher={Science Alert}, author={Foye, O.T. and Uni, Z. and McMurtry, J.P. and Ferket, P.R.}, year={2006}, month={Apr}, pages={309–317} }
 @article{oviedo-rondon_ferket_havenstein_2006, title={Understanding long bone development in broilers and turkeys}, volume={17}, number={3}, journal={Avian and Poultry Biology Reviews}, author={Oviedo-Rondon, E. O. and Ferket, P. R. and Havenstein, G. B.}, year={2006}, pages={77–88} }
 @article{tako_ferket_uni_2005, title={Changes in chicken intestinal zinc exporter mRNA expression and small intestinal functionality following intra-amniotic zinc-methionine administration}, volume={16}, ISSN={["1873-4847"]}, DOI={10.1016/j.jnutbio.2005.01.002}, abstractNote={A 303-bp cDNA of intestinal zinc exporter (ZnT1) was isolated from chicken jejunum by reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction and sequenced, and showed 42% homology to Homo sapiens and Rattus novergicus intestinal ZnT1 genes. This specific probe was used to examine the effect of zinc-methionine (ZnMet) administration on the mRNA expression of ZnT1 and on small intestinal development and functionality. In this study, ZnMet was injected into the naturally consumed amniotic fluid of 17-day-old chicken embryos. The ZnT1 gene showed an approximately 200% increase in its mRNA levels from 48 h post-ZnMet injection, as compared to the control. An analysis of the gene expression of the brush-border enzymes and transporters showed increased mRNA expression of sucrase isomaltase, leucine-aminopeptidase, sodium-glucose cotransporter and Na+K+ATPase transporter (Na+K+ATPase) from 48 h post-ZnMet injection, in comparison to controls. Significant increases (P<.05) in the biochemical activity of the brush-border enzymes and transporters, and in jejunal villus surface area were detected from day of hatch (96 h post-ZnMet injection) as compared to controls. These results suggest that ZnMet administration into prenatal intestine via injection into the amniotic fluid enhances intestinal development and improves its functionality.}, number={6}, journal={JOURNAL OF NUTRITIONAL BIOCHEMISTRY}, author={Tako, E and Ferket, PR and Uni, Z}, year={2005}, month={Jun}, pages={339–346} }
 @inproceedings{ferket_santos_oviedo-rondon_2005, title={Dietary Factors that affect gut health and pathogen colonization}, booktitle={Proceedings 32nd Carolina Poultry Nutrition Conference}, author={Ferket, P.R. and Santos, A.A. and Oviedo-Rondon, E.O.}, year={2005}, pages={1–22} }
 @inproceedings{santos_santos_ferket_2005, title={Dietary inclusion of non-starch polysaccharides and enzymes discourages salmonella colonization in turkeys}, booktitle={The development of alternative technologies for the processing and use of animal waste}, author={Santos, A.A., Jr. and Santos, F.B.O. and Ferket, P.R.}, editor={Havenstein, G.B.Editor}, year={2005}, pages={636–641} }
 @article{moore_ferket_mozdziak_2005, title={Early post-hatch fasting induces satellite cell self-renewal}, volume={142}, ISSN={["1531-4332"]}, url={http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?eid=2-s2.0-27644486955&partnerID=MN8TOARS}, DOI={10.1016/j.cbpa.2005.08.007}, abstractNote={Early post-hatch satellite cell kinetics are an important aspect of muscle development, and understanding the interplay between fasting and muscle development will lead to improvements in muscle mass following an illness, and optimal meat production. The objective of this experiment was to test the influence of immediate post-hatch fasting on satellite cells in the poult. Male Nicholas poults (Meleagris gallopavo) were placed into two treatments: a fed treatment with immediate access to feed and water upon placement and a fasted treatment without access to feed and water for the first three days post-hatch. 5-bromo-2'-deoxyuridine (BrdU) was injected intra-abdominally in all poults to label mitotically active satellite cells. The pectoralis thoracicus muscle was harvested two hours following the BrdU injection. Immunohistochemistry for BrdU, Pax7, Bcl-2, Pax7 with BrdU, and determining myofiber cross-sectional area along with computer-based image analysis was used to study muscle development. Fed poults had higher body masses throughout the experiment (P< or =0.01), and they had higher pectoralis thoracicus muscle mass (P< or =0.01) at ten days of age than the fasted poults. Fed poults had higher satellite cell mitotic activity at three days and four days of age (P< or =0.01) compared to the fasted poults. However, Pax7 labeling index was higher in the fasted poults (P< or =0.01) at three days, four days, and five days post-hatch than the fed group. Similarly Bcl-2 labeling was higher in the fasted than in the fed group at three days post-hatch. Therefore, fasting depleted proliferating satellite cells indicated by the lower BrdU labeling in the fasted poults compared to the fed poults, and conserved the satellite cell proliferative reserve indicated by the higher level of Pax7 labeling for the fasted poults compared to the fed poults.}, number={3}, journal={COMPARATIVE BIOCHEMISTRY AND PHYSIOLOGY A-MOLECULAR & INTEGRATIVE PHYSIOLOGY}, author={Moore, DT and Ferket, PR and Mozdziak, PE}, year={2005}, month={Nov}, pages={331–339} }
 @article{ferket_de oliveira_ghane_uni_2005, title={Effect of in ovo feeding solution osmolality on hatching turkeys}, volume={84}, number={Supplement 1}, journal={Poultry Science}, author={Ferket, P. and de Oliveira, J. and Ghane, A. and Uni, Z.}, year={2005}, pages={118} }
 @article{parks_grimes_ferket_2005, title={Effects of virginiamycin and a man mannanoligosaccharide-virginiamycin shuttle program on the growth and performance of large white female turkeys}, volume={84}, ISSN={["1525-3171"]}, DOI={10.1093/ps/84.12.1967}, abstractNote={Shuttle programs involving dietary supplementation of mannanoligosaccharides (MOS) and virginiamycin (VM) were evaluated in turkeys by their effects on growth performance, body weight uniformity, and carcass yield characteristics. Diets containing no growth promoter (control), VM (22 mg/kg), or a shuttle program (MOS-VM) of MOS (0 to 6 wk of age at 500 mg/ kg) and VM (6 to 14 wk of age at 22 mg/kg) were fed to Hybrid female turkeys. All diets were formulated to exceed NRC nutrient requirements. Each treatment was assigned to 8 replicate floor pens containing 20 birds that were reared from 1 to 98 d of age. Body weights and feed consumption were recorded at 3-wk intervals, and mortality and culled birds were recorded daily. At the conclusion of the trial, 2 birds per pen were randomly chosen for carcass yield analysis. Feeding VM alone significantly (P < 0.05) increased body weight compared with control fed birds during all periods. The MOS-VM shuttle program resulted in early growth depression for birds less than 3 wk of age, possibly influenced by an unplanned cold stress, but better growth than the nonmedicated control birds after 6 wk of age. Birds fed VM had superior (P < 0.05) feed conversion ratio from 0 to 3 wk, which persisted until 14 wk (P < 0.10). There were no treatment effects on overall feed consumption, uniformity, mortality, or cull rate. Processing yields or weight of various parts were also unaffected by treatment.}, number={12}, journal={POULTRY SCIENCE}, author={Parks, CW and Grimes, JL and Ferket, PR}, year={2005}, month={Dec}, pages={1967–1973} }
 @article{plunske_ferket_koci_2005, title={Enhancement of immunocompetance in salmonella-challenged and non-challenged broilers fed egg immunoglobulins from hyperimmunized laying hens}, volume={84}, number={Supplement 1}, journal={Poultry Science}, author={Plunske, R. and Ferket, P. and Koci, M.}, year={2005}, pages={106} }
 @article{ferket_uni_foye_2005, title={Enhancement of pre- and post-hatch development of turkeys by in ovo feeding}, volume={84}, number={Supplement 1}, journal={Poultry Science}, author={Ferket, P. and Uni, Z. and Foye, O.}, year={2005}, pages={132} }
 @article{santos_d’souza_jaykus_ferket_sheldon_2005, title={Genotypes, serotypes and antibiotic resistance profiles of isolated from commercial North Carolina turkey farms Salmonella}, volume={84}, number={Supplement 1}, journal={Poultry Science}, author={Santos, F. and D’Souza, D. and Jaykus, L. and Ferket, P. and Sheldon, B.}, year={2005}, pages={34} }
 @article{oliveira_ferket_uni_warner_2005, title={Glycogen status of turkeys in ovo fed solutions containing beta-hydroxy-beta-methylbutyrate (HMB), protein, and carbohydrates}, volume={84}, number={Supplement 1}, journal={Poultry Science}, author={Oliveira, J. and Ferket, P. and Uni, Z. and Warner, J.}, year={2005}, pages={52} }
 @article{veldkamp_kwakkel_ferket_verstegen_2005, title={Growth responses to dietary energy and lysine at high and low ambient temperature in male turkeys}, volume={84}, ISSN={["0032-5791"]}, DOI={10.1093/ps/84.2.273}, abstractNote={The effects of ambient temperature (T; 18 vs. 28 degrees C), dietary energy level [E; 90, 100, and 110% of NRC (1994) recommendations], and dietary lysine level [LYS; 105 vs. 120% of NRC (1994) recommendations], and their interactions on feed intake, BW gain, feed:gain ratio, and carcass yields of male turkeys were studied from 29 to 140 d of age. The experiment was designed as a split plot, including T as the main plot and E and LYS as the subplot, with 60 pens containing 10 male turkeys each. Overall, feed intake, BW gain, and feed:gain ratio were significantly lower at high compared with low T. Feed intake decreased linearly as E increased and was more pronounced at low compared with high T. Metabolizable energy intake increased more at high compared with low T as E increased. Turkeys that were fed the highest E gained less weight until 84 d of age than those fed the lowest E. Dietary lysine was not the limiting amino acid because birds showed no response to extra lysine. Feed:gain decreased linearly as E level increased. Until 84 d of age, feed:gain decreased more at low compared with high T as E level increased. Breast meat yields were lower, and thigh, drum, and wing yields were higher at high than at low T. The highest E resulted in lower cold carcass yields, and breast meat yields, and higher thigh and drum yields than the lowest E. Dietary lysine level did not affect carcass yield. The results imply that when dietary lysine levels are adequate, dietary energy may be increased above NRC (1994) to improve feed efficiency, but some of the limiting amino acids after lysine may be increased in high-density diets to optimize breast meat yield. Particularly at high temperature in the period after 16 wk of age, dietary energy contents may be increased to at least 110% of NRC (1994) because turkeys will need more energy to dissipate heat.}, number={2}, journal={POULTRY SCIENCE}, author={Veldkamp, T and Kwakkel, RP and Ferket, PR and Verstegen, MWA}, year={2005}, month={Feb}, pages={273–282} }
 @inproceedings{ferket_santos_2005, title={How nutrition affects gut health and pathogen colonization}, booktitle={Proceedings 2nd Alltech’s Brazilian Symposium}, author={Ferket, P. and Santos, A.A., Jr}, year={2005}, pages={30–46} }
 @article{uni_ferket_tako_kedar_2005, title={In ovo feeding improves energy status of late-term chicken embryos}, volume={84}, ISSN={["1525-3171"]}, DOI={10.1093/ps/84.5.764}, abstractNote={Maintenance of glucose homeostasis during late-term embryonic development is dependent upon the amount of glucose held in reserve primarily in the form of glycogen in the liver and upon the degree of glucose generated by gluconeogenesis from protein first mobilized from amnion albumen and then from muscle. Insufficient glycogen and albumen will force the embryo to mobilize more muscle protein toward gluconeogenesis, thus restricting growth of the late-term embryo and hatchling. We hypothesize that administration of available carbohydrates to the amnion will improve glycogen reserves and spare muscle protein mobilization for gluconeogenesis during late-term embryonic and posthatch neonatal development. Our hypothesis was tested by comparing BW gain, liver glycogen reserves, and muscle weight of in ovo fed and control embryos during last days of embryonic incubation until 25 d after hatching. We examined, using 600 birds from 2 different strains of commercial boilers, body and muscle weights and glycogen reserves following feeding embryos at d 17.5 of incubation with a solution containing maltose, sucrose, dextrin, and beta-hydroxy-beta-methylbutyrate (HMB). Providing carbohydrates and HMB to late-term embryos increased hatching weights by 5 to 6% over controls, improved liver glycogen by 2- to 5-fold, and elevated relative breast muscle size by 6 to 8%. These weight advantages were sustained through the end of the experiments at 25 d of age. It is reasonable to assume that the elevated glycogen levels in the in ovo treatment reduce the need to produce glucose via gluconeogenesis and, therefore, contribute to less use of muscle protein and hence a greater percentage of pectoral muscle weight in the in ovo birds.}, number={5}, journal={POULTRY SCIENCE}, author={Uni, Z and Ferket, PR and Tako, E and Kedar, O}, year={2005}, month={May}, pages={764–770} }
 @inproceedings{ferket_uni_tako_foye_de oliveira_2005, title={In ovo nutrition: impact on gene expression, gut development, and growth performance}, booktitle={Proceedings of The Annual Nutrition Conference}, author={Ferket, P.R. and Uni, Z. and Tako, E. and Foye, O. and de Oliveira, J.}, year={2005}, pages={160–172} }
 @article{santos_santos_ferket_sheldon_2005, title={Influence of grain particle size and insoluble fiber content on Salmonella colonization and shedding in turkeys fed a corn-soybean meal diet}, volume={84}, number={Supplement 1}, journal={Poultry Science}, author={Santos, F. and Santos, A., Jr. and Ferket, P. and Sheldon, B.}, year={2005}, pages={141} }
 @article{moore_ferket_mozdziak_2005, title={Muscle development in the late embryonic and early post-hatch poult}, volume={4}, ISBN={1682-8356}, url={http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?eid=2-s2.0-34548478053&partnerID=MN8TOARS}, DOI={10.3923/ijps.2005.138.142}, number={3}, journal={International Journal of Poultry Science}, author={Moore, D. T. and Ferket, Peter and mozdziak}, year={2005}, pages={138} }
 @inproceedings{oviedo-rondon_ferket_2005, title={Nutritional factors that affect leg problems in meat poultry: A review}, booktitle={Proceedings 32nd Carolina Poultry Nutrition Conference}, author={Oviedo-Rondon, E.O. and Ferket, P.R.}, year={2005}, pages={58–88} }
 @article{santos_ferket_grimes_santos_2005, title={Reduction of intestinal Salmonella spp. Colonization in turkeys by dietary wheat and enzyme supplementation}, volume={84}, number={Supplement 1}, journal={Poultry Science}, author={Santos, A.A., Jr. and Ferket, P. and Grimes, J.L. and Santos, F.B.O.}, year={2005}, pages={95} }
 @article{moore_ferket_mozdziak_2005, title={The effect of early nutrition on satellite cell dynamics in the young turkey}, volume={84}, ISSN={["1525-3171"]}, url={http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?eid=2-s2.0-19044397721&partnerID=MN8TOARS}, DOI={10.1093/ps/84.5.748}, abstractNote={Early posthatch satellite cell mitotic activity is an important aspect of muscle development. An understanding of the interplay between nutrition and satellite cell mitotic activity will lead to more efficient meat production. The objective of this study was to test the influence of the leucine metabolite, beta-hydroxy beta-methylbutyrate (HMB), and feed deprivation on muscle development in the early posthatch poult. Male Nicholas poults were placed on 1 of 4 treatments: immediately fed a starter diet with 0.1% HMB (IF-HMB), immediately fed a starter diet containing 0.1% Solka-Floc for a control (IF-No HMB), feed and water withheld for 48 h immediately posthatch and then fed the HMB diet (WF-HMB), and feed and water withheld for 48 h immediately posthatch and then fed the control starter diet (WF-No HMB). 5-bromo-2'-deoxyuridine (BrdU) was injected intra-abdominally into all poults to label mitotically active satellite cells. The pectoralis thoracicus was harvested 2 h after the BrdU injection. Immunohistochemistry for BrdU, Pax7, and laminin along with computer-based image analysis was used to study muscle development. IF-HMB poults had higher body weights (P < 0.01) at 48 h and 1 wk of age and had higher satellite cell mitotic activity at 48 h of age (P < 0.01) compared with the IF-No HMB and WF poults. Therefore, dietary supplementation of HMB may have an anabolic effect on early posthatch muscle.}, number={5}, journal={POULTRY SCIENCE}, author={Moore, DT and Ferket, PR and Mozdziak, PE}, year={2005}, month={May}, pages={748–756} }
 @article{foye_ferket_uni_2005, title={The effects of in ovo feeding of arginine and/or beta-hydroxy-beta-methylbutyrate (HMB) on glycogen metabolism and growth in turkey poults}, volume={84}, number={Supplement 1}, journal={Poultry Science}, author={Foye, O. and Ferket, P. and Uni, Z.}, year={2005}, pages={9} }
 @article{foye_ferket_uni_2005, title={The effects of in ovo feeding of beta-hydroxy-beta-methylbutyrate (HMB) and arginine on jejunal expression and function in turkeys}, volume={84}, number={Supplement 1}, journal={Poultry Science}, author={Foye, O. and Ferket, P. and Uni, Z.}, year={2005}, pages={41} }
 @article{foye_ferket_uni_2005, title={The effects of in ovo feeding of protein and beta-hydroxy-beta-methylbutyrate (HMB) on nutrient digestion and absorption in neonatal turkey poults}, volume={84}, number={Supplement 1}, journal={Poultry Science}, author={Foye, O. and Ferket, P. and Uni, Z.}, year={2005}, pages={95} }
 @inbook{ferket_2004, place={Nottingham, UK}, title={Alternatives to antibiotics in poultry production: responses, practical experience and recommendations}, booktitle={Re-imaging the feed industry. Proceedings from Alltech’s 20th Annual Symposium}, publisher={Nottingham University Press}, author={Ferket, P.R.}, editor={Lyons, T.P. and Jacques, K.AEditors}, year={2004}, pages={57–67} }
 @inproceedings{havenstein_ferket_grimes_qureshi_nestor_2004, title={Changes in the performance of turkeys – 1966-2003}, booktitle={Proceedings of the 27th Technical Turkeys Conference}, author={Havenstein, G.B. and Ferket, P.R. and Grimes, J.L. and Qureshi, M.A. and Nestor, K.E.}, year={2004}, pages={1–13} }
 @article{kim_ferket_powers_stein_kempen_2004, title={Effects of different dietary acidifier sources of calcium and phosphorus on ammonia, methane and odorant emission from growing-finishing pigs}, volume={17}, ISSN={["1976-5517"]}, DOI={10.5713/ajas.2004.1131}, abstractNote={The objective of this study was to investigate the effects of different sources of Ca and P on urine and ileal digesta pH, and ammonia (NH3), methane (CH4), and odor emission. In experiment 1, eight pigs (commercial three-way cross; initial BW 67±3 kg) were arranged in a repeated 4×4 Latin Square design. All pigs were equipped with a T-cannula in the distal ileum. Four corn-soybean meal based diets were formulated. Diet 1 was the control in which dicalcium phosphate (DCP) and limestone (CaCO3) were used as the sources of inorganic P and Ca. In Diets 2 and 3, H3PO4, monocalcium phosphate (MCP), and CaSO4 replaced DCP and CaCO3 as the inorganic sources of P and Ca. Diet 4 was similar to Diet 1 except that it was fortified with HCl to provide an acid load similar to that of diet 2. Urine and ileal digesta pH were determined in pigs fed each of these diets. In Exp. 1, urine pH decreased (p<0.05) in animals consuming diets containing H3PO4-CaSO4 (5.85±0.38) and MCP-CaSO4 (5.73±0.30) compared with the DCP-CaCO3 diet (6.89±0.24). In the pigs consuming H3PO4-CaSO4, ileal digesta pH decreased compared with the control (5.52±0.28 vs. 6.66±0.17; p<0.05). Based on the results of Exp. 1, a total of four trials were performed in environmental chambers for determining how NH3, CH4, and odor were affected by the different dietary Ca and P sources (Exp. 2). In Exp. 2, pigs fed the H3PO4-CaSO4 diet had decreased (30%) NH3 emissions compared with the control (p<0.05). Also, a combination of MCP-CaCO3-CaCl2 decreased NH3 emission by 15% (p<0.05). Emission of CH4 was decreased only with the H3PO4-CaSO4 diet with 14% (p<0.05). Odorant emission of phenolics and volatile fatty acids increased roughly three-fold with the DCP-CaSO4 diet but was not affected by other test diets. In conclusion, acidogenic Ca and P sources in swine diets can decrease the urinary pH and reduce NH3 and CH4 emission from swine facilities. (Asian-Aust. J. Anim. Sci. 2004. Vol 17, No. 8 : 1131-1138)}, number={8}, journal={ASIAN-AUSTRALASIAN JOURNAL OF ANIMAL SCIENCES}, author={Kim, IB and Ferket, PR and Powers, WJ and Stein, HH and Kempen, TATG}, year={2004}, month={Aug}, pages={1131–1138} }
 @article{tako_ferket_uni_2004, title={Effects of in ovo feeding of carbohydrates and beta-hydroxy-beta-methylbutyrate on the development of chicken intestine}, volume={83}, ISSN={["1525-3171"]}, DOI={10.1093/ps/83.12.2023}, abstractNote={Early development of the digestive tract is crucial for achieving maximal growth and development of chickens. Because the late-term embryo naturally consumes the amniotic fluids, insertion of a nutrient solution into the embryonic amniotic fluid [in ovo (IO) feeding] may enhance development. This study examined the effect of IO feeding on d 17.5 of incubation of carbohydrates (CHO) and beta-hydroxy-beta-methylbutyrate (HMB) on small intestinal development of chickens during the pre and posthatch periods. Results shows that 48 h post-IO feeding procedure all IO feeding treatments exhibited increased villus width and surface area compared with the control group. At d 3 posthatch the surface area of an average villi was increased by 45% for the HMB IO group and by 33% for the CHO and CHO+HMB IO groups compared with controls (noninjected fertile eggs). The activity of jejunal sucrase-isomaltase (SI) was higher (P < 0.05) 48 h after IO feeding in all the IO fed embryos, whereas at day of hatch and at d 3 the CHO+HMB IO group had the highest maltase activity (P < 0.05), which was approximately 50% greater than control embryos. These observations indicated that small intestines of IO fed hatchlings were functionally at a similar stage of development as a conventionally fed 2-d-old chick. Body weight of all IO fed hatchlings was greater than controls, and these differences (P < 0.05) were sustained until the end of the experiment (10 d). At d 10 chicks that were IO fed with CHO had BW that were 2.2% higher, whereas HMB and CHO+HMB IO fed chicks showed 5 to 6.2% BW increase, respectively, compared with controls. The current study shows that the administration of exogenous nutrients into the amnion enhanced intestinal development by increasing the size of the villi and by increasing the intestinal capacity to digest disaccharides. This advantage probably leads to higher BW in IO fed chicks.}, number={12}, journal={POULTRY SCIENCE}, author={Tako, E and Ferket, PR and Uni, Z}, year={2004}, month={Dec}, pages={2023–2028} }
 @article{fasina_garlich_classen_uni_ferket_mckee_2004, title={Feeding a semi-purified diet induced early gut development in young turkey poults}, volume={83}, number={Supplement 1}, journal={Poultry Science}, author={Fasina, Y.O. and Garlich, J.D. and Classen, H.L. and Uni, Z. and Ferket, P.R. and Mckee, S.R.}, year={2004}, pages={265} }
 @article{hadri_garlich_qureshi_ferket_odetallah_2004, title={Glucose and electrolyte supplementation of drinking water improve the immune responses of poults with inanition}, volume={83}, DOI={10.1093/ps/83.5.803}, abstractNote={
 Abstract
 
 Enteric disorders predispose poultry to malnutrition. The objectives of this paper were 1) to simulate the inanition of poult enteritis mortality syndrome by restricting feed intake and 2) to develop a drinking water supplement that supports the immune functions of poults with inanition.
 Poults were restricted to 14 g of feed/d for 7 d beginning at 14 d of age then fed ad libitum until 36 d (recovery). The control was fed ad libitum. During the feed-restriction period, duplicate groups of 6 poults received 1 of 5 drinking water treatments: 1) restricted feed, unsupplemented water; 2) restricted feed + electrolytes (RE); 3) RE + glucose + citric acid (REGC); 4) REGC + betaine (REGCB); or 5) REGCB + zinc-methionine (REGCBZ). Immunological functions were assessed by inoculating poults with SRBC and B. abortus (BA) antigen at 15, 22, and 29 d of age. Antibody (Ab) titers were determined 7 d later for primary, secondary, and recovery responses. The primary and secondary total Ab titers to SRBC for restricted feed were 4.71 and 6.16 log3, which where lower (P < 0.05) than for controls (8.00 and 9.66 log3) and the other treatments. The recovery Ab titer for controls was 10.7, significantly higher than restricted feed (8.71) and RE (8.10) groups but not different from other treatments. The primary total Ab responses to BA were significantly lower in the restricted feed and RE groups as compared with the control and other treatments. Although feed restriction of poults to maintenance reduces the humoral immune responses, these responses can be significantly improved by drinking water containing electrolytes and especially sources of energy such as glucose and citric acid.
 
}, number={5}, journal={Poultry Science}, author={Hadri, L. El and Garlich, J. D. and Qureshi, M. A. and Ferket, Peter and Odetallah, N. H.}, year={2004}, pages={803–809} }
 @article{moore_ferket_mozdziak_2004, title={In ovo intraperitoneal administration of bromodeoxyuridine to avian fetuses}, volume={36}, ISSN={["1940-9818"]}, DOI={10.2144/04361BM05}, abstractNote={The embryological development of skeletal muscle begins with the fusion of mononucleated myoblasts that form myotubes, which then mature into myo-fibers (1). By late embryogenesis, myo-blasts found in the chicken fetus may be referred to as satellite cells, and they have predominantly adult characteristics (2). Satellite cells are located underneath the myofiber basal lamina along the entire length of the myofiber (3). Satellite cells are a mitotically active cell population (4), making it possible to label the cells with}, number={1}, journal={BIOTECHNIQUES}, author={Moore, DT and Ferket, PR and Mozdziak, PE}, year={2004}, month={Jan}, pages={50-+} }
 @article{uni_ferket_2004, title={Methods for early nutrition and their potential}, volume={60}, ISSN={["1743-4777"]}, DOI={10.1079/wps20040009}, abstractNote={Several factors may limit the development and viability of late-term embryos and hatchlings: 1) The nutrient content of the egg needed for the development of tissues and nutrient reserves (glycogen, muscle, yolk) of the embryo through to hatch; 2 The ability of the gastrointestinal tract to digest utilize nutrients from an external carbohydrate and protein-rich diet; and 3) The ability of chicks and poults to rely on the residual nutrients in the yolk sac during the first few days post-hatch. These limitations are manifested by in the “chick or poult quality” phenomena. Approximately 2% to 5% of hatchlings do not survive the critical post-hatch “adjustment” period and many survivors exhibit stunted growth, inefficient feed utilization, reduced disease resistance, or poor meat yield. These limitations can be alleviated by the administration of food in the hatchery immediately post-hatch, a technology termed “Early Feeding”, or by administration of food into the amnion of late term embryo, what we define as “In Ovo Feeding”. A great potential exists in “combining” the early feeding and the in ovo feeding methods. Since the modern broiler increases its body weight by 50-fold from hatch until market age at 42 days, the first few critical days of “adjustment” represent a much greater proportion of the bird's life span than in the past. Consequently, early feeding methods will have a great impact on overall growth and well-being of the bird, particularly as genetic selection for increased growth performance continues in the future.}, number={1}, journal={WORLDS POULTRY SCIENCE JOURNAL}, author={Uni, Z and Ferket, RP}, year={2004}, month={Mar}, pages={101–111} }
 @inproceedings{havenstein_ferket_grimes_qureshi_nestor_2004, title={Performance of 1966 vs. 2003 turkeys when fed representative 1966 and 2003 turkey diets}, booktitle={Proceedings of the World’s Poultry Congress: Book of Abstracts}, author={Havenstein, G.B. and Ferket, P.R. and Grimes, J.L. and Qureshi, M.A. and Nestor, K.E.}, year={2004}, pages={112} }
 @inproceedings{ferket_2004, title={Raising drug-free poultry—What are the alternatives}, booktitle={Proceedings 29th Annual Poultry Service Industry Workshop}, author={Ferket, P.R.}, year={2004}, pages={95–104} }
 @article{fasina_garlich_classen_ferket_havenstein_grimes_qureshi_christensen_2004, title={Response of turkey poults to soybean lectin levels typically encountered in commercial diets. 1. Effect on growth and nutrient digestibility}, volume={83}, ISSN={["0032-5791"]}, DOI={10.1093/ps/83.9.1559}, abstractNote={Lectins are known to bind to the intestinal brush border membrane and induce antinutritional effects such as disruption of the brush border membrane (BBM) and reduced nutrient digestibility in laboratory rodents. Because soybean lectin (SBL) is usually present in poult starter diets, 2 similar experiments with starting turkey poults were conducted to investigate the effects of purified SBL on growth performance and nutrient digestibility. Experimental diets were a corn starch-casein based control (lectin-free) semipurified diet (PD), semipurified diets containing 0.024 or 0.048% soybean lectin (PDL, PDH), and a corn-soybean meal diet (SBD). Experimental diets were fed from hatch to 14 d. Antibodies specific for soybean lectin were detected in the serum of poults fed the PDL and PDH diets, implying that the SBL in these diets remained active in the digestive tract. Poults fed the control PD or SBD grew equally well. The 0.024% SBL level in PDL had no significant detrimental effect on any parameters assessed in the 2 experiments. In contrast, the 0.048% SBL level in the PDH gave inconsistent results for feed efficiency (FE) and brush border enzyme levels. For instance, on d 6 in experiment 2, poults fed the PDH had poorer FE (P < 0.05) compared with the control PD treatment, but had similar FE to poults fed the PD in experiment 1. In conclusion, SBL present at levels up to 0.024% of the diet would not cause antinutritional effect in turkey poults up to 2 wk of age.}, number={9}, journal={POULTRY SCIENCE}, author={Fasina, YO and Garlich, JD and Classen, HL and Ferket, PR and Havenstein, GB and Grimes, JL and Qureshi, MA and Christensen, VL}, year={2004}, month={Sep}, pages={1559–1571} }
 @inproceedings{ferket_santos_2004, title={Review of enzymes—how do they work}, booktitle={Proceedings 2004 Midwest Poultry Federation Conference, Pre-show nutrition symposium}, author={Ferket, P.R. and Santos, A.A., Jr}, year={2004} }
 @article{ferket_2004, title={What do we expect and need from our commodities?}, ISBN={0392-0593}, number={1}, journal={Zootecnica International}, author={Ferket, P. R.}, year={2004}, pages={50} }
 @article{tako_ferket_uni_2004, title={Zinc-methionine enhances the intestine development and functionality in the late term embryos and chicks}, volume={83}, number={Supplement 1}, journal={Poultry Science}, author={Tako, E. and Ferket, P.R. and Uni, Z.}, year={2004}, pages={267} }
 @inproceedings{ferket_2003, title={Achieving Uniform Weight for Age}, booktitle={Proceedings of the 32 Annual Poultry Health Conference, Poultry Industry Council for Research and Education}, author={Ferket, P.R.}, year={2003}, pages={33–35} }
 @inbook{ferket_2003, place={Nottingham, UK}, title={Alternatives to antibiotics in poultry production: responses, practical experience and recommendations}, booktitle={Nutritional biotechnology in the feed and food industries}, publisher={Nottingham University Press}, author={Ferket, P.R.}, editor={Lyons, T.P. and Jacques, K.A.Editors}, year={2003}, pages={57–67} }
 @inproceedings{ferket_2003, title={Antibiotic Free – What is happening in Europe and North America?}, booktitle={Proceedings of the 32 Annual Poultry Health Conference, Poultry Industry Council for Research and Education}, author={Ferket, P.R.}, year={2003}, pages={8–9} }
 @article{moore_ferket_mozdziak_2003, title={BrdU administration to avian embryos}, volume={82}, number={Supplement 1}, journal={Poultry Science}, author={Moore, D.T. and Ferket, P.R. and Mozdziak, P.E.}, year={2003}, pages={82} }
 @article{havenstein_ferket_qureshi_2003, title={Carcass composition and yield of 1957 versus 2001 broilers when fed representative 1957 and 2001 broiler diets}, volume={82}, ISSN={["1525-3171"]}, DOI={10.1093/ps/82.10.1509}, abstractNote={The yield of carcass parts as well as levels of carcass fat, moisture, and ash were measured in the 1957 Athens-Canadian Randombred Control (ACRBC) and in the Ross 308 commercial broiler, when fed diets that were representative of those being fed during 1957 and 2001. The Ross 308 was used to represent 2001 commercial broilers. Comparisons of carcass weights of the Ross 308 on the 2001 diet versus the ACRBC on the 1957 diet showed they were 6.0, 5.9, 5.2, and 4.6 times heavier than the ACRBC at 43, 57, 71, and 85 d of age, respectively. Yields of hot carcass without giblets (fat pad included) were 12.3, 13.6, 12.2, and 11.1 percentage points higher for the Ross 308 than for the ACRBC at those ages. The yields of total breast meat for the Ross 308 were 20.0, 21.3, 21.9, and 22.2% and were 8.4, 9.9, 10.3, and 9.8 percentage points higher than for the ACRBC at those ages. Yields of saddle and legs for the Ross 308 broiler were approximately 31 to 32% over the four ages and were about 1.5 to 2% higher than for the ACRBC at the different ages. The Ross 308 averaged 13.7, 15.0, 18.6, and 18.5% whole carcass fat versus 8.5, 10.6, 12.7, and 14.0% for the ACRBC at the four ages. In conjunction with previous studies, the current data show that yield of broiler carcass parts has continued to increase over time and that genetics has been the major contributor to changes in yield.}, number={10}, journal={POULTRY SCIENCE}, author={Havenstein, GB and Ferket, PR and Qureshi, MA}, year={2003}, month={Oct}, pages={1509–1518} }
 @inproceedings{ferket_2003, title={Controlling gut health without the use of antibiotics}, booktitle={Proceedings of the 30th Annual Carolina Poultry Nutrition Conference}, author={Ferket, P.R.}, year={2003}, pages={57–68} }
 @article{santos_ferket_grimes_santos_2003, title={Dietary mineral retention of growing and finishing turkeys}, volume={82}, number={Supplement 1}, journal={Poultry Science}, author={Santos, A.A., Jr. and Ferket, P.R. and Grimes, J.L. and Santos, F.B.O.}, year={2003}, pages={66} }
 @article{santos_ferket_grimes_edens_2004, title={Dietary pentosanase supplementation of diets containing different qualities of wheat on growth performance and metabolizable energy of turkey poults}, volume={3}, ISBN={1682-8356}, DOI={10.3923/ijps.2004.33.45}, abstractNote={Wheat varies in apparent metabolizable energy N-corrected (AMEn) due to the presence of non- starch polysaccharides (NSP), which can be improved by dietary enzyme supplementation. Poults from 0-17 d-age were fed diets containing various wheat sources (WS) with or without Natugrain Blend® (NB) (BASF, Germany). Five replicate cages of 10 poults were assigned to each eight-soybean-meal/wheat treatment diets and a control soybean-meal/corn diet. The treatments were a factorial arrangement of 4 WS (A, B, C, D) and 2 enzyme levels (0 and 200 mg NB/kg). The WS differed by the degree of frost damage during seed development. Regardless of the source of wheat, NB increased 17 d BW (351 vs 381 g, P < 0.001) , decreased 1-17 d FCR (1.55 vs 1.49, P < 0.05), increased AMEn (2,204 vs 2,455 kcal/kg, P < 0.001), and increased apparent nitrogen retention (ANR) (35.0 vs 41.4 %, P < 0.05). No effects of WS were seen on growth performance, but WS A and B had higher (P < 0.05) AMEn than sources C and D (2,396 and 2,460 vs 2,246 and 2,216 kcal/kg, respectively). Gut viscosity was higher (P < 0.05) in poults fed wheat-based diets than the control diet. Enzyme supplementation to the wheat-based diets decreased viscosity (5.57 vs 3.98 cP, P < 0.05) to a level similar to the corn-based control diet, and it resulted in equivalent growth performance. Viscosities were negatively correlated with AMEn. The results demonstrated a positive effect of enzyme supplementation on nutrient utilization and performance of turkeys.}, number={1}, journal={International Journal of Poultry Science}, author={Santos, A. A. and Ferket, Peter and Grimes, J. L. and Edens, F. W.}, year={2004}, pages={33} }
 @article{santos_ferket_grimes_edens_2004, title={Dietary supplementation of endoxylanases and phospholipase for turkeys fed wheat-based rations}, volume={3}, ISBN={1682-8356}, DOI={10.3923/ijps.2004.20.32}, abstractNote={The adverse effects of non-starch polysaccharides (NSP) on turkeys fed wheat-based diets may be alleviated by dietary supplementation of endoxylanase (to reduce the adverse effects of digesta viscosity) or phospholipase (to improve the digestibility of fat). BUTA toms were fed wheat-based diets containing one of 5 enzyme treatments: unsupplemented control, Natugrain Blend® (> 5,500 EXU/kg diet; NB), Lyxasan®-50 (> 2,250 EXU/kg diet; LX50), Lyxasan®-100 (> 5,500 EXU/kg diet; LX100), and Phospholipase (> 500 PLU/kg diet; PL) (BASF, Germany). Each treatment group was assigned to 8 pens containing 12 birds to evaluate growth performance (1-128 d), and 2 pens of 12 birds (excluding LX50) for the apparent metabolizable energy N-corrected (AMEn) and ileum viscosity determination (56-128 d). All enzyme treatments improved growth performance. In comparison to the control, dietary enzyme increased (P < 0.05) BW and decreased 1-128 d feed/gain (2.45 vs 2.37, P < 0.005). PL was most effective in reducing feed/gain during the starting phase and LX100 during the finishing phase, while NB had intermediate benefits throughout the experiment. PL increased AMEn from 9 to 12 wk, while NB and LX-100 resulted in the highest AMEn during the later finishing period. Viscosity was significantly higher for PL than the other treatments (13.5 vs 7.07 cP, P < 0.001). Growth performance and energy utilization of turkeys fed wheat-based diets can be significantl y enhanced by phospholipase supplementation of starter feeds and endoxylanase supplementation of growing and finishing feeds. However, enzyme blends may provide a positive response regardless of turkey age.}, number={1}, journal={International Journal of Poultry Science}, author={Santos, A. A. and Ferket, Peter and Grimes, J. L. and Edens, F. W.}, year={2004}, pages={20} }
 @misc{uni_ferket_2003, title={Enhancement of development of oviparous species by in ovo feeding}, volume={6,592,878}, number={2003 July 15}, publisher={Washington, DC: U.S. Patent and Trademark Office}, author={Uni, Z. and Ferket, P. R.}, year={2003} }
 @article{ferket_gernat_2003, title={Feed intake from A to Z}, volume={4}, ISBN={0007-2176}, number={8}, journal={Broiler Industry}, author={Ferket, P. R. and Gernat, A. G.}, year={2003}, pages={14} }
 @inproceedings{ferket_2003, title={Future of in ovo technologies}, booktitle={Proceedings of the Delmarva Breeder, Hatchery, & Growout Conference}, author={Ferket, P.R.}, year={2003}, pages={1–10} }
 @article{ferket_2003, title={Growth of toms improves substantially}, volume={4}, ISBN={0007-2176}, number={7}, journal={Broiler Industry}, author={Ferket, P. R.}, year={2003}, pages={38} }
 @article{veldkamp_kwakkel_ferket_kogut_verstegen_2003, title={Growth responses to dietary lysine at high and low ambient temperature in male turkeys}, volume={82}, ISSN={["0032-5791"]}, DOI={10.1093/ps/82.11.1733}, abstractNote={Several researchers have postulated that dietary lysine requirements for turkeys are dependent upon ambient temperature. To test and quantify this hypothesis, a factorial experiment was designed with four dietary lysine levels (75, 90, 105, and 120% of NRC lysine recommendations) from 1 d of age onward and two ambient temperatures (15 vs. 30 degrees C) from 4 wk of age onward. Growth performance and carcass yields were measured, and requirements were derived from the fitted exponential response curves at 95% of the maximum possible response above that of the basal diet. In the entire experiment no significant interaction effects between temperature and lysine were observed for feed intake, BW gain, and feed:gain ratio. Exponential curves gave a very good fit (R2 > 0.89) for feed intake, and BW gain responses to dietary lysine concentrations in all age intervals. The dietary lysine requirement was estimated to be 1.67 +/- 0.09%, 1.19 +/- 0.13%, 1.08%, and 0.94 +/- 0.35% from 29 to 56 d, 57 to 84 d, 85 to 114 d, and 115 to 140 d of age, respectively. High temperature decreased all absolute processing yields in kilograms but relative cold carcass yield and relative yields of thighs, drums, and wings were increased by high temperature. Relative breast meat yield and abdominal fat were decreased by high temperature. Turkeys at low temperature responded with more breast meat to high lysine than at high temperature.}, number={11}, journal={POULTRY SCIENCE}, author={Veldkamp, T and Kwakkel, R and Ferket, P and Kogut, J and Verstegen, M}, year={2003}, month={Nov}, pages={1733–1746} }
 @article{havenstein_ferket_qureshi_2003, title={Growth, livability, and feed conversion of 1957 versus 2001 broilers when fed representative 1957 and 2001 broiler diets}, volume={82}, ISSN={["0032-5791"]}, DOI={10.1093/ps/82.10.1500}, abstractNote={Body weight, feed consumption, and mortality were measured in the 1957 Athens-Canadian Randombred Control (ACRBC) strain and in the 2001 Ross 308 strain of broilers when fed representative 1957 and 2001 diets. The dietary regimens were chosen to be representative of those used in the industry in 1957 vs. 2001. The 1957 diets were fed as mash, the 2001 starter was as crumbles, and the grower and finisher diets were pellets. Feed consumption and BW were recorded at 21, 42, 56, 70, and 84 d of age to cover the two broiler strains normal span of marketing ages. Mortality was low, and the mortality of the ACRBC was approximately half that of the modem strain. Average BW for the ACRBC on the 1957 diets were 176, 539,809, 1,117, and 1,430 g vs. 743, 2,672, 3,946, 4,808, and 5,520 g for the Ross 308 on the 2001 diets at 21, 42, 56, 70, and 84 d of age, respectively. The 42-d feed conversion (FC) on the 2001 and 1957 feeds for the Ross 308 were 1.62 and 1.92 with average BW of 2,672 and 2,126 g and for the ACRBC were 2.14 and 2.34 with average BW of 578 and 539 g, respectively. The Ross 308 broiler on the 2001 feed was estimated to have reached 1,815 g BW at 32 d of age with a FC of 1.47, whereas the ACRBC on the 1957 feed would not have reached that BW until 101 d of age with a FC of 4.42.}, number={10}, journal={POULTRY SCIENCE}, author={Havenstein, GB and Ferket, PR and Qureshi, MA}, year={2003}, month={Oct}, pages={1500–1508} }
 @article{uni_ferket_2003, title={In ovo feeding increases glycogen content in the liver and muscle size in broiler hatchlings}, volume={82}, number={Supplement 1}, journal={Poultry Science}, author={Uni, Z. and Ferket, P.R.}, year={2003}, pages={11} }
 @inproceedings{ferket_2003, title={Managing gut health in a world without antibiotics}, booktitle={Harnessing Nature: practical applications of natural technologies}, author={Ferket, P.R.}, year={2003} }
 @article{ferket_van heugten_van kempen_angel_2003, title={Nutritional Strategies to Reduce Environmental Emissions from Non-Ruminants}, volume={80}, url={http://www.asas.org/jas/symposia/esupp2/default.asp}, number={Electronic Supplement 2}, journal={Journal of Animal Science}, author={Ferket, P.R. and van Heugten, E. and van Kempen, T.A. and Angel, R.}, year={2003}, pages={2289} }
 @article{ferket_2003, title={Nutritional treatment of diarrheoa and enteric problems}, volume={19}, ISBN={1388-3119}, journal={World Poultry (Doetinchem, Netherlands)}, author={Ferket, P. R.}, year={2003}, pages={8} }
 @article{sungwaraporn_ferket_middleton_2003, title={Potential of secondary protein nutrients as feed ingredient in broiler chick diets}, volume={82}, number={Supplement 1}, journal={Poultry Science}, author={Sungwaraporn, Y. and Ferket, P.R. and Middleton, T.F.}, year={2003}, pages={25} }
 @article{gernat_ferket_2003, title={Strategical changes in poultry diets to decrease the potential for nitrogen and phosphorus pollution in the environment}, ISBN={0392-0593}, number={6}, journal={Zootecnica International}, author={Gernat, A. and Ferket, P.}, year={2003}, pages={46} }
 @article{tako_ferket_uni_2003, title={The effect of in ovo feeding of carbohydrates and beta-methyl-beta-hydroxybutyrate (HMB) on the development of the digestive tract}, volume={82}, number={Supplement 1}, journal={Poultry Science}, author={Tako, E. and Ferket, P.R. and Uni, Z.}, year={2003}, pages={11} }
 @article{grimes_ferket_gernat_neely_israel_mann_godwin_2003, title={The effect of liter type on commercial turkey tom and hen performance}, volume={82}, number={Supplement 1}, journal={Poultry Science}, author={Grimes, J.L. and Ferket, P.R. and Gernat, A.G. and Neely, E.R. and Israel, A.D. and Mann, K.M. and Godwin, J.L.}, year={2003}, pages={59} }
 @article{godwin_grimes_crouch_ferket_2003, title={The effect of strain on commercial turkey tom and hen performance}, volume={82}, number={Supplement 1}, journal={Poultry Science}, author={Godwin, J.L. and Grimes, J.L. and Crouch, A.N. and Ferket, P.R.}, year={2003}, pages={59} }
 @article{foye_uni_ferket_2003, title={The effects of in ovo feeding of protein and beta-methyl-beta-hydroxybutyrate (HMB) on early growth and glycogen status of turkey poults}, volume={82}, number={Supplement 1}, journal={Poultry Science}, author={Foye, O.T. and Uni, Z. and Ferket, P.R.}, year={2003}, pages={11} }
 @article{foye_uni_ferket_2003, title={The effects of in ovo feeding of protein and carbohydrate on early growth and glycogen status of turkey poults}, volume={82}, number={Supplement 1}, journal={Poultry Science}, author={Foye, O.T. and Uni, Z. and Ferket, P.R.}, year={2003}, pages={71} }
 @inproceedings{ferket_2003, title={The effects of various feed additives on food safety}, booktitle={Proceedings of the Microbial, Enzyme, and Forage Technology Council. Educational Forum}, author={Ferket, P.R.}, year={2003}, pages={21–30} }
 @inproceedings{ferket_gernat_grimes_2003, title={The effects of various feed additives on food safety}, booktitle={Proceedings of the Educational Forum, AFIA Microbial, enzyme, and forage technology council}, author={Ferket, P.R. and Gernat, A. and Grimes, J.}, year={2003}, pages={21–30} }
 @article{grimes_ferket_2003, title={Turkey breeder hen weight control}, ISBN={0392-0593}, number={11}, journal={Zootecnica International}, author={Grimes, J. L. and Ferket, P. R.}, year={2003}, pages={18} }
 @article{edens_parkhurst_ferket_havenstein_sefton_2002, title={A demonstration of postpellet application of dry phytase to broiler diets}, volume={11}, ISSN={["1056-6171"]}, DOI={10.1093/japr/11.1.34}, abstractNote={SUMMARY A comparison of performance and P reduction in litter and manure from broilers fed rations with and without phytase enzyme was made with chickens reared on litter or in cages. Low-activity phytase supplemented as a dry powder to mash diets did not affect performance, but litter P accumulation was decreased 14 to 21% in the finisher phase. Manure P content of broilers in cages was reduced 14 to 19% during the starter and grower phases. Liquid phytase applied postpelleting to diets with 0.5% total P (0.3% available P) reduced litter P accumulation (14 to 19%) and reduced manure P content in starter, grower, and finisher phases of the study. Phosphorus content in raw manure was decreased by 55% during the finisher phase. Feed conversions of broilers in cages and on conventional litter-covered floors were improved significantly with postpellet application of liquid phytase. Feed conversion improvement was greater in birds in cages. Postpellet application of dry phytase was shown to be feasible based upon performance and reduction in litter P accumulation. Feed conversions were improved by 7 to 8 points (P < 0.05) when compared to those of birds given a normal P level (0.72% total P) diet without phytase. Litter P accumulation was reduced between 20.5 and 28.5% with dry phytase applied postpelleting. With liquid phytase applied postpelleting, litter P accumulation was reduced 26.6%. These reductions in litter P content represent about 4 lb of P per ton of litter.}, number={1}, journal={JOURNAL OF APPLIED POULTRY RESEARCH}, author={Edens, FW and Parkhurst, CR and Ferket, PR and Havenstein, GB and Sefton, AE}, year={2002}, pages={34–45} }
 @article{foye_black_ferket_2002, title={Amino acid absorptive capacity of wild and domestic turkey poults}, volume={81}, number={Supplement 1}, journal={Poultry Science}, author={Foye, O.T. and Black, B.L. and Ferket, P.R.}, year={2002}, pages={112} }
 @inproceedings{veldkamp._ferket_kwakkel_verstegen_2002, title={Amino acid requirements and heat stress in turkeys}, booktitle={Proceedings of the 29th Annual Carolina Poultry Nutrition Conference}, author={Veldkamp., T. and Ferket, P.R. and Kwakkel, R.P. and Verstegen, M.W.A.}, year={2002}, pages={1–19} }
 @inproceedings{ferket_parks_grimes_2002, title={Benefits of dietary antibiotic and mannanoligosaccharide supplementation for poultry}, booktitle={Multi-State Poultry Meeting}, author={Ferket, P.R. and Parks, C.W. and Grimes, J.L.}, year={2002} }
 @article{ferket_2002, title={Dietary factors affecting enteric health and nutrient absorption}, volume={18}, ISBN={1388-3119}, journal={World Poultry (Doetinchem, Netherlands)}, author={Ferket, P. R.}, year={2002}, pages={4} }
 @inproceedings{ferket_2002, title={Dietary factors that affect enteric health and nutrient absorption}, booktitle={Proceedings of the Mini-Symposium of Malabsorption Associated Lameness in Turkeys. Roche Animal Nutrition and Health, 2002 Midwest Poultry Federation Convention}, author={Ferket, P.R.}, year={2002}, pages={13–28} }
 @article{santos_ferket_grimes_2002, title={Dietary supplementation of endoxylanases and phospholipase for turkeys fed wheat-based rations}, volume={81}, number={Supplement 1}, journal={Poultry Science}, author={Santos, A.A., Jr. and Ferket, P.R. and Grimes, G.L.}, year={2002}, pages={136} }
 @inproceedings{ferket_uni_2002, title={Early nutrition and enteric development, 2002}, booktitle={Proceedings of the 23rd Western Nutrition Conference}, author={Ferket, P.R. and Uni, Z.}, year={2002}, pages={139–149} }
 @article{santin_paulillo_alessi_maiorka_macari_ferket_2002, title={Effect of dietary aflatoxin, ochratoxin, and Sacharomyces cerevisiae cell wall on humoral immunity of broilers vaccinated with Newcastle disease virus}, volume={81}, number={Supplement 1}, journal={Poultry Science}, author={Santin, E. and Paulillo, A.C. and Alessi, A.C. and Maiorka, A. and Macari, M. and Ferket, P.R.}, year={2002}, pages={104} }
 @article{maiorka_santin_dahlke_macari_ferket_2002, title={Effect of dietary energy and fat on feed intake and growth of broiler chicks}, volume={81}, number={Supplement 1}, journal={Poultry Science}, author={Maiorka, A. and Santin, E. and Dahlke, F. and Macari, M. and Ferket, P.R.}, year={2002}, pages={73} }
 @article{uni_ferket_2002, title={Effect of in ovo feeding on early growth of chicks and poults}, volume={81}, number={Supplement 1}, journal={Poultry Science}, author={Uni, Z. and Ferket, P.}, year={2002}, pages={23} }
 @article{odetallah_ferket_grimes_mcnaughton_2002, title={Effect of mannan-endo-1,4-beta-mannosidase on the growth performance of turkeys fed diets containing 44 and 48% crude protein soybean meal}, volume={81}, ISSN={["1525-3171"]}, DOI={10.1093/ps/81.9.1322}, abstractNote={Soybean meal (SBM) contains heat-resistant mannans. Domesticated turkeys are sensitive to mannans because of the high inclusion rate of SBM in their diets, causing increased chyme viscosity, wet droppings, and reduced feed conversion. Three experiments of similar design were conducted to determine the effect of mannan-endo-1,4-f'-mannosidase supplementation of corn-SBM diets on market turkeys. Experiment 1 was conducted at North Carolina State University using Nicholas hens raised from 1 to 98 d of age. Experiments 2 and 3 were conducted at PARC Institute Inc. using Large White turkey toms raised from 1 to 126 d of age. In each experiment, birds were randomly assigned to litter floor pens. Each pen was assigned to one of four experimental treatments in 2 x 2 factorial arrangement of two basal diets containing 44% CP and 48% CP SBM (SBM-44 and SBM-48, respectively) with or without 100 million units (MU) Hemicell/tonne (1 MU = 106 enzyme activity U). Birds fed SBM-44 had lower final BW (14.9 vs. 14.56 kg 18 wk BW / tom; 7.66 vs. 7.46 kg 14 wk BW/hen, P < 0.05) and higher final cumulative feed/gain than those fed the SBM-48. Hemicell supplementation generally improved performance of all birds, with a greater response in birds fed SBM-44. Hemicell improved BW and feed/gain by 1% (P = 0.779) and 3% (P = 0.377) in hens and 2.5% (P = 0.0016) and 4% (P = 0.0001) in toms, respectively. The results of these experiments indicate that some of the adverse effects of antinutritional factors of SBM of on turkey growth performance can be alleviated by dietary mannan-endo-1,4-beta-mannosidase supplementation.}, number={9}, journal={POULTRY SCIENCE}, author={Odetallah, NH and Ferket, PR and Grimes, JL and McNaughton, JL}, year={2002}, month={Sep}, pages={1322–1331} }
 @article{havenstein_grimes_2002, title={Effect of soybean lectin on growth and nutrient digestibility in turkey poults}, volume={81}, number={Supplement 1}, journal={Poultry Science}, author={Havenstein, G.B. and Grimes, J.L.}, year={2002}, pages={41} }
 @article{odetallah_parks_ferket_2002, title={Effect of wheat enzyme preparation on the performance characteristics of tom turkeys fed wheat-based rations}, volume={81}, ISSN={["0032-5791"]}, DOI={10.1093/ps/81.7.987}, abstractNote={Wheat contains 5 to 8% nonstarch polysaccharides (NSP). The NSP complex forms a viscous mass when fully hydrated, which impedes the absorption of nutrients from chyme and causes reduced growth performance and osmotic diarrhea and associated wet litter. These adverse effects can be alleviated by appropriate enzyme supplementation. The objective of this experiment was to evaluate the efficacy of endoxylanase and beta-glucanase enzyme mixtures supplemented to wheat-based diets on growth performance characteristics of turkeys. Seven-day-old Large White male turkeys were randomly assigned to 40 litter floor pens of 12 poults each as a completely randomized block design arrangement of four experimental treatments and were raised to 140 d. The dietary treatment consisted of a control treatment (no supplemental enzyme) and three dietary enzyme treatments: 1) Lyxasan forte, 2) Natugrain Blend, and 3) Natugrain. Body weight, feed consumption, and mortality were recorded weekly. Feather condition was evaluated at 98 d of age. Natugrain Blend improved BW at 84 d (P < 0.075) and 112 d (P < 0.01) in comparison to the unsupplemented control diet. Lyxasan forte had the best feed/gain ratio throughout the experiment. Subjective feather condition score was significantly improved (P < 0.05) by all the three enzyme treatments and corresponded with reduced incidence of neck and back picking behavior. The enzyme treatment groups had lower mortality than the control group with the Natugrain blend treatment having the lowest mortality rate through the experiment. The results of this experiment demonstrate marginal improvement in growth performance of turkeys depending upon enzyme formulation.}, number={7}, journal={POULTRY SCIENCE}, author={Odetallah, NH and Parks, CW and Ferket, PR}, year={2002}, month={Jul}, pages={987–994} }
 @inproceedings{havenstein_ferket_2002, title={Estimated change in broiler growth, feed conversion and yield, 1991-2001}, booktitle={Proceedings of the 11th European Poultry Conference}, author={Havenstein, G.B. and Ferket, P.R.}, year={2002} }
 @inproceedings{fasina_garlich_classen_swaisgood_havenstein_ferket_2002, title={Estimated change in broiler growth, feed conversion and yield, 1991-2001}, booktitle={Proceedings of the 11th European Poultry Conference}, author={Fasina, Y.O. and Garlich, J.D. and Classen, H.L. and Swaisgood, H.E. and Havenstein, G.B. and Ferket, P.R.}, year={2002} }
 @inproceedings{ferket_2002, title={Factors that affect feed intake of meat birds}, booktitle={Proceedings of the 63rd Minnesota Nutrition Conference and Pre-Conference symposium: Rendering: A foundation for food security}, author={Ferket, P.R.}, year={2002}, pages={191–201} }
 @inproceedings{parks_ferket_grimes_2002, title={Growth Performance and Immune Status of Turkeys Fed Antibiotics and Mannanoligosaccharides}, booktitle={CD Proceedings of the 11th European Poultry Conference}, author={Parks, C.W. and Ferket, P.R. and Grimes, G.L.}, year={2002} }
 @article{havenstein_ferket_qureshi_2002, title={Growth, feed efficiency and livability of 1957 vs. 2001-type broilers when fed typical 1957 and 2001-type diets}, volume={81}, number={Supplement 1}, journal={Poultry Science}, author={Havenstein, G.B. and Ferket, P.R. and Qureshi, M.A.}, year={2002}, pages={86} }
 @misc{veldkamp_kwakkel_ferket_verstegen_2002, title={Impact of ambient temperature and age on dietary lysine and energy in turkey production}, volume={58}, ISSN={["1743-4777"]}, DOI={10.1079/wps20020034}, abstractNote={The commercial turkey market changed during the last two or three decades from predominantly whole turkey to mostly further processed products as consumer demand for breast meat and convenience increased in most western countries. Turkey operations focus on selection in breeding, management, and feeding programs to obtain a high breast meat yield. Main factors that affect breast meat yield are age, weight, sex, strain, genetic selection, and nutrition. The degree of influence by these factors on breast meat yield is highly dependent upon environmental conditions, especially ambient temperatures. This review deals with the response of commercial male turkeys on dietary lysine to energy ratios in moderate and hot climate conditions. A range dietary lysine to energy ratios have been determined to be optimal during each successive four-week period after hatch: 1.12 to 1.65, 1.10 to 1.36, 0.76 to 1.15, 0.64 to 0.81, and 0.53 to 0.86 g dietary lysine per MJ of ME, respectively). These optimum ranges in lysine to energy ratios are partly due to the continuous changes in genetic potential for growth and environmental effects on feed intake. Commercial male turkeys weighed about 18.5 kg at 140 days of age with a feed: gain ratio of 2.6 in 2001, as compared to about 8.0 kg at 220 days of age with a feed: gain ratio of 3.0 in 1966. Moreover, there is clear evidence in scientific literature that feed intake, and thus protein intake is negatively affected by short or long periods of heat stress in moderate and hot climates, respectively. Although some research included ambient temperature as a treatment variable in nutritional requirement studies with turkeys, most have been conducted at moderate temperatures. Feeding turkeys to minimize the adverse effects of heat stress is a big challenge for the modern turkey industry. More research is needed to better understand the relationship between dietary energy and lysine at different climatic conditions.}, number={4}, journal={WORLDS POULTRY SCIENCE JOURNAL}, author={Veldkamp, T and Kwakkel, RP and Ferket, PR and Verstegen, MWA}, year={2002}, month={Dec}, pages={475–491} }
 @inproceedings{parks_ferket_grimes_2002, title={Influence of Antibiotics and Mannanoligosaccharides on the Enteric Characteristics of Turkeys}, booktitle={Proceedings of the 11th European Poultry Conference}, author={Parks, C.W. and Ferket, P.R. and Grimes, G.L.}, year={2002} }
 @inbook{ferket_parks_grimes_2002, place={Nottingham, UK}, title={Mannan oligosaccharides versus antibiotics for turkeys}, booktitle={Nutritional biotechnology in the feed and food industries}, publisher={Nottingham University Press}, author={Ferket, P.R. and Parks, C.W. and Grimes, J.L.}, editor={Lyons, T.P. and Jacques, K.A.Editors}, year={2002}, pages={43–63} }
 @inproceedings{ferket_uni_2002, title={New methods to increase gastrointestinal development at hatch and improve neonatal digestive function in poultry}, booktitle={Proceedings 49th Maryland Nutrition Conference for Feed Manufacturers}, author={Ferket, P.R. and Uni, Z.}, year={2002}, pages={43–57} }
 @inproceedings{ferket_gernat_2002, title={Nutritional factors that affect gut health}, booktitle={Proceedings of the 29th Annual Carolina Poultry Nutrition Conference}, author={Ferket, P.R. and Gernat, A.}, year={2002}, pages={73–89} }
 @inproceedings{ferket_2002, title={Online feed mill management training}, booktitle={Proceedings of the 23rd Western Nutrition Conference}, author={Ferket, P.R.}, year={2002}, pages={55–64} }
 @article{upton_edens_mahmoud_ferket_parkhurst_2002, title={The effects of feeding oxidized fat and selenium source on performance, glutathione peroxidase, and glutathione reductase activity in broiler chickens}, volume={81}, number={Supplement 1}, journal={Poultry Science}, author={Upton, R.J. and Edens, F.W. and Mahmoud, K.Z. and Ferket, P.R. and Parkhurst, C.R.}, year={2002}, pages={72} }
 @inproceedings{grimes_ferket_2002, title={Turkey breeder hen nutrition and weight control}, booktitle={Proceedings 29th Annual Carolina Poultry Nutrition Conference}, author={Grimes, J.L. and Ferket, P.R.}, year={2002}, pages={51–60} }
 @inproceedings{ferket_2002, title={Use of oligosaccharides and gut modifiers as replacements for dietary antibiotics}, booktitle={Proceedings of the 63rd Minnesota Nutrition Conference and Pre-Conference symposium: Rendering: A foundation for food security}, author={Ferket, P.R.}, year={2002}, pages={169–182} }
 @inproceedings{ferket_2002, title={What do we expect and need from our commodities?}, booktitle={Proceedings 2002 Midwest Poultry Federation Convention}, author={Ferket, P.R.}, year={2002}, pages={11–21} }
 @article{middleton_ferket_boyd_daniels_gallagher_2001, title={An evaluation of co-extruded poultry silage and culled jewel sweet potatoes as a feed ingredient for hybrid Tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus x O-mossambicus)}, volume={198}, ISSN={["0044-8486"]}, DOI={10.1016/S0044-8486(00)00601-3}, abstractNote={Two experiments were conducted with hybrid tilapia to evaluate a meal made by extrusion co-processing culled sweet potatoes and poultry mortality silage (ESPFP). In both experiments, dried, cull sweet potatoes and fermented whole turkey carcasses (60:40 ratio, w/w wet basis) were co-extruded, dried, and hammer-milled to make the ESPFP test ingredient. The resulting ESPFP meal was included at 0%, 11%, 22%, and 33% by weight in isocaloric, isonitrogenous pelleted diets. In an 87-day growth trial, no significant differences were found in the growth parameters or carcass (market) yields among the treatment groups. Tank water quality parameters were also unaffected by inclusion of the experimental ingredient. A consumer panel found no significant differences in the sensory indices (aroma, flavor, and texture) of the fillets from fish fed with the graded levels of ESPFP in the diet versus those from fish fed the control diet. The digestibility of the diets containing the ESPFP meal was evaluated in a second trial. The apparent dry matter (DM), gross energy (GE), and crude protein (CP) digestibility coefficients were reduced linearly with increasing levels of the ESPFP meal in the diets (P<0.019). However, the level of inclusion of the ESPFP meal had no effect on the apparent organic matter (OM) digestibility coefficient values among the diets. Acid detergent fiber (ADF) and acid detergent insoluble nitrogen (ADIN) increased linearly (P<0.001) with increasing levels of ESPFP in the diets, indicating significant heat damage had occurred during manufacture of the test ingredient. The indigestible Maillard polymers formed during extrusion co-processing and drying of these two ingredients accounted for 93% of the reduction in protein digestibility in the diets and were a contributing factor to the reductions in DM and GE digestibility. Extrusion co-processing of culled sweet potatoes and poultry mortality silage produces an acceptable feed ingredient for hybrid tilapia that can be included at up to 33% of the diet without adversely affecting growth, market yield, sensory indices, or water quality as compared to a standard tilapia diet.}, number={3-4}, journal={AQUACULTURE}, author={Middleton, TF and Ferket, PR and Boyd, LC and Daniels, HV and Gallagher, ML}, year={2001}, month={Jul}, pages={269–280} }
 @article{ferket_israel_morris_2001, title={Comparison of inert markers in poultry digestibility studies}, volume={80}, number={Supplement 1}, journal={Poultry Science}, author={Ferket, P.R. and Israel, A.D. and Morris, E.B.}, year={2001}, pages={480} }
 @inproceedings{ferket_middleton_crow_sungwaraporn_2001, place={Research Triangle Park, NC}, title={Conversion of poultry and swine mortality into value-added feed products}, booktitle={Proceedings addressing animal production and environmental issues}, publisher={NC State University animal and Poultry Waste Management Center}, author={Ferket, P.R. and Middleton, T.F. and Crow, S.D. and Sungwaraporn, Y.}, year={2001}, pages={440–450} }
 @article{roberson_hill_ferket_2002, title={Effect of intermittent feed deprivation on plasma insulin-like growth factor-1 and tibial dyschondroplasia in broiler chicks}, volume={1}, ISBN={1682-8356}, DOI={10.3923/ijps.2002.22.25}, abstractNote={Two experiments were conducted to evaluate dietary manipulation of growth rate and the subsequent incidence of tibial dyschondroplasia (TD) in broiler chicks. A corn-soybean meal diet which contained 1.15 % calcium and approximately 0.6 % available phosphorus (aP) was fed. In Experiment 1, birds were fed ad libitum or deprived of feed for 8 h during the night either three times per week on Monday, Wednesday and Friday or twice a week on Monday and Friday starting at d 5. In the second experiment, birds were full fed vs depriving feed for 8 h during the day every third day beginning at d 6. Feed deprivation decreased 20-d BW only in Experiment 1 when feed was deprived three times per week. Gain:feed was decreased in both experiments when the birds were restricted fed. The incidence of TD was decreased by 25 to 33 % and the number of severe TD lesions was decreased by 50 to 80 % when feeding time was restricted. Bone ash was not affected in Experiment 1, but was increased in Experiment 2 by feed deprivation. Plasma insulin-like growth factor-I (IGF-I) was decreased by feed deprivation, and returned to control levels after feed was returned. The results indicate that feed deprivation for eight hours at various daily intervals will attenuate the incidence of TD in birds fed a Ca:aP ratio of 2:1. This may be related to temporary reductions in circulating levels of IGF-I.}, number={1}, journal={International Journal of Poultry Science}, author={Roberson, K. D. and Hill, C. H. and Ferket, Peter}, year={2002}, pages={22} }
 @article{middleton_ferket_2001, title={Effect of level of acidification by phosphoric acid, storage temperature, and length of storage on the chemical and biological stability of ground poultry mortality carcasses}, volume={80}, ISSN={["0032-5791"]}, DOI={10.1093/ps/80.8.1144}, abstractNote={Two experiments were conducted to evaluate the addition of feed-grade H3PO4 in comparison to lactic acid fermentation as a means of preserving ground poultry mortality carcasses. Mortality silage quality in both experiments was evaluated by measuring the rise in pH after initial acidification (deltapH) and the content of nonprotein N (NPN), volatile nitrogen (VN), NH3-N, and fecal coliform bacteria in the silage treatments. Preliminary work in Experiment 1 evaluated the preservative effects of six initial levels of acidification with H3PO4 (pH 2.0, 2.5, 3.0, 4.0, or 5.0) at two storage temperatures (21 and 45 C). Experiment 2 compared silages preserved with different levels of feed-grade 74.5% H3PO4 (4.13, 5.52, 6.90, and 8.28% wt/wt, concentrated acid basis) to silages made by lactic acid fermentation. Based on the evaluations in Experiment 1, acidification with H3PO4 to pH < or = 3.0, when incubated at 45 C, or pH < or = 2.0, when incubated at ambient temperatures, produced the most biologically favorable poultry mortality silage for subsequent use as a feed ingredient. In Experiment 2, mortality silages containing 8.28% H3PO4 (wt/wt, concentrated acid basis) contained significantly (P < 0.05) lower levels of the protein degradation by-products VN and NH3-N than silages prepared by lactic acid fermentation. Therefore, feedstuffs manufactured from mortality silages prepared using 8.28% H3PO4 would be expected to result in improved animal performance vs. feedstuffs manufactured using silages prepared by lactic acid fermentation.}, number={8}, journal={POULTRY SCIENCE}, author={Middleton, TF and Ferket, PR}, year={2001}, month={Aug}, pages={1144–1153} }
 @article{el-hadri_qureshi_garlich_ferket_2001, title={Fluid therapy of poults infected with turkey corona virus (TCV) and E. coli}, volume={80}, number={Supplement 1}, journal={Poultry Science}, author={El-Hadri, L. and Qureshi, M.A. and Garlich, J.D. and Ferket, P.R.}, year={2001}, pages={170} }
 @article{odetallah_ferket_garlich_elhadri_kruger_2001, title={Growth and digestive function of turkeys surviving the poult enteritis and mortality syndrome}, volume={80}, ISSN={["0032-5791"]}, DOI={10.1093/ps/80.8.1223}, abstractNote={
 Abstract
 
 Stunted growth of poults afflicted by enteritis mortality syndrome (PEMS) may be associated with depressed digestive capabilities. We conducted two experiments to test this hypothesis. Survivors of PEMS were obtained from a research flock that had been purposefully infected at 5 d of age with PEMS inoculum that included turkey corona virus. The PEMS survivors were assigned to Experiments 1 and 2, beginning at 40 and 35 d of age, respectively. Three groups (large, L; medium, M; and small, S) and two groups (L and S) of 20 poults each were selected to represent different degrees of stunting in Experiments 1 and 2, respectively. When the body weights of each group in both experiments were plotted using initial body weight as the starting point, all of the weights fell on the normal growth curve except Group S in Experiment 1. Therefore, there was no evidence of compensatory growth over the period studied. In Experiment 1, apparent fat absorption (AFA) was significantly higher (P < 0.05) for control (85.9%) than for M (78.5%) and S (78.3%) groups, and AME, for the control group was significantly higher than all the PEMS-survivor groups. In Experiment 2, Group L had a higher AFA and AMEn than Group S. AFA and AMEn improved in both groups over time. The digestive capabilities of PEMS survivors were depressed proportionally to the degree of stunting. Impaired fat digestibility and dietary energy utilization in PEMS-afflicted birds are likely contributors to stunted growth and reduced recovery rates.
 
}, number={8}, journal={POULTRY SCIENCE}, author={Odetallah, NH and Ferket, PR and Garlich, JD and Elhadri, L and Kruger, KK}, year={2001}, month={Aug}, pages={1223–1230} }
 @inproceedings{ferket_parks_grimes_2001, title={Mannan oligosaccharides as an alternative to antibiotics in turkey nutrition}, booktitle={Alternatives to Antibiotics in Animal Nutrition}, author={Ferket, P.R. and Parks, C.W. and Grimes, J.L.}, editor={Babinszky, LaszloEditor}, year={2001}, pages={79–123} }
 @article{ferket_angel_van heugten_van kempen_2001, title={Nutritional strategies to reduce environmental emissions from non-ruminants}, number={Supplement 1}, journal={Poultry Science}, author={Ferket, P.R. and Angel, R.C. and van Heugten, E. and van Kempen, T.A.}, year={2001}, pages={142} }
 @article{crow_ferket_middleton_2001, title={Nutritional value of hydrolyzed whole swine for turkey poults}, volume={80}, number={Supplement 1}, journal={Poultry Science}, author={Crow, S.D. and Ferket, P.R. and Middleton, T.F.}, year={2001}, pages={49} }
 @inproceedings{crow_ferket_middleton_2001, place={Research Triangle Park, NC}, title={Nutritional value of hydrolyzed whole swine for turkey poults}, booktitle={Proceedings addressing animal production and environmental issues}, publisher={NC State University animal and Poultry Waste Management Center}, author={Crow, S.D. and Ferket, P.R. and Middleton, T.F.}, year={2001}, pages={457–467} }
 @inproceedings{sungwaraporn_ferket_middleton_2001, place={Research Triangle Park, NC}, title={Protein and fat quality in poultry mortality silage and dissolved air floatation sludge preserved with different sources and levels of phosphoric acid}, booktitle={Proceedings addressing animal production and environmental issues}, publisher={NC State University animal and Poultry Waste Management Center}, author={Sungwaraporn, Y. and Ferket, P.R. and Middleton, T.F.}, year={2001}, pages={796–799} }
 @article{middleton_ferket_boyd_2001, title={The effect of ethoxyquin on the quality of ground poultry mortality carcasses preserved by lactic acid fermentation and phosphoric acid stabilization}, volume={80}, ISSN={["0032-5791"]}, DOI={10.1093/ps/80.8.1154}, abstractNote={Fermentation and acidification have been shown to preserve the protein quality of ground poultry coproducts, but the effects of these processes on their lipid stability are unknown, especially in the presence of an antioxidant. To evaluate the effects of these treatments on lipid quality, ground poultry mortality carcasses, with and without an addition of 500 ppm ethoxyquin, were stabilized for 14 and 45 d by lactic acid fermentation or acidification with 2.76, 5.07, 7.35, or 9.65% feed-grade H3PO4. Ethoxyquin treatment significantly (P < 0.001) improved the oxidative stability of lipids from all storage treatments. However, the addition of ethoxyquin increased (P < 0.001) the levels of volatile N (VN) from 2.51 to 3.18% in products stored for 45 d and resulted in an increase (P < 0.001) in free fatty acids in all ensiled products. Ethoxyquin addition had no effect (P > 0.120) on the fatty acid profile of products stored for 14 d but significantly increased (P < 0.001) the levels of stearic (C18:0) and arachidonic acids (C20:4) in products stored for 45 d. In this experiment, the addition of ethoxyquin to preservation systems for the short-term storage of poultry mortality carcasses improved the lipid quality of the ground material without compromising the protein quality or affecting proximate analysis parameters. However, the increased oxidative stability of mortality silage materials that contain ethoxyquin may contribute to enhanced microbial or enzymatic activities that result in proteolytic or lypolytic breakdown products following longer periods of storage.}, number={8}, journal={POULTRY SCIENCE}, author={Middleton, TF and Ferket, PR and Boyd, LC}, year={2001}, month={Aug}, pages={1154–1163} }
 @article{parks_grimes_ferket_fairchild_2001, title={The effect of mannanoligosaccharides, bambermycins, and virginiamycin on performance of large white male market turkeys}, volume={80}, ISSN={["1525-3171"]}, DOI={10.1093/ps/80.6.718}, abstractNote={A study was conducted to evaluate the effects of mannanoligosaccharides (MOS), bambermycins (BAM), and virginiamycin (VIR) on the growth performance of male turkeys. Hybrid Large White male poults were assigned to six dietary treatments: control, MOS, BAM, VIR, MOS+BAM (MB), and MOS+VIR (MV). All diets were formulated to meet NRC (1994) nutrient requirements. There were eight replicate floor pens per treatment with 20 birds per pen reared from 1 to 140 d. Body weight and feed conversion (FC) were collected at 3-wk intervals and at 20 wk of age. Mortality and culled birds were recorded daily. All treatments except MV significantly (P < 0.05) increased 20 wk BW. Body weight was increased at 12 wk by BAM, whereas VIR increased BW at Weeks 12 and 15. All treatments improved FC for Weeks 0 to 3, whereas VIR, MB, and MV improved FC for Weeks 0 to 12 and 0 to 18. There were no treatment effects on cumulative mortality or cull rate. Dietary supplemental MOS, BAM, and VIR resulted in improved growth performance of Large White turkeys. These results indicate that MOS may be utilized as an alternative to antibiotic growth promotants to improve turkey performance.}, number={6}, journal={POULTRY SCIENCE}, author={Parks, CW and Grimes, JL and Ferket, PR and Fairchild, AS}, year={2001}, month={Jun}, pages={718–723} }
 @article{parks_grimes_ferket_2001, title={The effect of mannanoligosaccharides, bambermycins, and virginiamycin on the physical and microbial characteristics of the gastrointestinal tract of large white male turkeys}, volume={80}, number={Supplement 1}, journal={Poultry Science}, author={Parks, C.W. and Grimes, J.L. and Ferket, P.R.}, year={2001}, pages={169} }
 @article{morrow_ferket_middleton_2000, title={Alternative methods of carcass disposal}, volume={46}, ISBN={1352-9749}, journal={Pig Journal}, author={Morrow, W. E. M. and Ferket, P. R. and Middleton, T.}, year={2000}, pages={104} }
 @article{sheldon_ferket_middleton_2000, title={Biological safety of phosphoric acid-preserved poultry mortality}, volume={79}, number={Supplement 1}, journal={Poultry Science}, author={Sheldon, B. and Ferket, P. and Middleton, T.}, year={2000}, pages={91} }
 @article{odetallah_ferket_grimes_mcnaughton_2000, title={Effect of Hemicell on the growth performance of turkeys fed diets containing 44% and 48% C.P. soybean meal}, volume={79}, number={Supplement 1}, journal={Poultry Science}, author={Odetallah, N.H. and Ferket, P.R. and Grimes, J.L. and McNaughton, J.L.}, year={2000}, pages={93} }
 @article{veldkamp_kwakkel_ferket_simons_noordhuizen_pijpers_2000, title={Effects of ambient temperature, arginine-to-lysine ratio, and electrolyte balance on performance, carcass, and blood parameters in commercial male turkeys}, volume={79}, ISSN={["0032-5791"]}, DOI={10.1093/ps/79.11.1608}, abstractNote={The effects of ambient temperature (T; 15 C vs. 30 C from 6 wk of age onwards), dietary Arg:Lys ratio (Arg:Lys ratio; 1.00 vs. 1.25), dietary electrolyte balance (DEB: 164 vs. 254 meq/kg), and their interactions on growth performance and carcass yields of male turkeys were studied. The experiment was designed as a split plot, including T x DEB as the main plot and Arg:Lys ratio as the sub-plot, with 24 pens containing 35 male turkeys each. Feed consumption, BW gain, mortality, and processing yields were measured. Temperature had a clear effect on performance during all age periods. Feed intake was significantly lower for the high T group compared with the low T group (322.7 vs. 432.3 g/bird per day; P < 0.001). Consequently, BW gain during the experimental period (28 to 140 d of age) was significantly lower for the high T group compared with the low T group (14.54 vs. 18.74 kg; P < 0.001). Feed:gain during the period of 28 to 140 d of age was significantly lower for the high T group compared with the low T group (2.51 vs. 2.61; P < 0.001). The high dietary Arg:Lys ratio increased feed intake significantly until 56 d of age (200.6 vs. 197.6; P < or = 0.034). A high Arg:Lys ratio resulted in significantly higher BW gain until 98 d of age (10.03 vs. 9.84 kg; P < or = 0.024). The Arg:Lys ratio did not affect feed:gain throughout the experiment. Dietary electrolyte balance did not affect performance parameters. No consistent two- or three-way interactions were observed. Processing yields were only affected significantly by T, and not by Arg:Lys ratio or DEB main effects. High T resulted in lower cold carcass (73.2 vs. 74.9%) and breast meat yields (33.5 vs. 36.0%), and higher thigh (18.9 vs. 18.1%), drumstick (14.5 vs. 13.2%), and wing yields (11.7 vs. 10.6%) compared with low T. We concluded that growth performance is compromised by higher T, and altering the Arg:Lys ratio or DEB does not alleviate this impaired performance. Dietary Arg levels seem to be important when dietary Lys is marginal relative to the requirement.}, number={11}, journal={POULTRY SCIENCE}, author={Veldkamp, T and Kwakkel, RP and Ferket, PR and Simons, PCM and Noordhuizen, JPTM and Pijpers, A}, year={2000}, month={Nov}, pages={1608–1616} }
 @article{edens_parkhurst_havenstein_ferket_2000, title={Influence of selenium yeast (Sel Plex) on performance and carcass yield of broiler males grown in a cage environment}, volume={79}, number={Supplement 1}, journal={Poultry Science}, author={Edens, F.W. and Parkhurst, C.R. and Havenstein, G.B. and Ferket, P.R.}, year={2000}, pages={55} }
 @article{veldkamp_ferket_kwakkel_nixey_2000, title={Interaction between ambient temperature and supplementation of synthetic amino acids on performance and carcass parameters in commercial male turkeys}, volume={79}, DOI={10.1093/ps/79.10.1472}, abstractNote={An experiment with male turkeys was conducted to test the hypothesis that turkey production performance responds positively to extra crystalline amino acid supplementation (lysine, methionine, and threonine) when subjected to a high ambient temperature regimen (HT) in the grower period. Two diets were formulated to provide lysine, methionine, and threonine concentrations that either 1) met the breeder recommendations or 2) contained 10% higher lysine and methionine concentrations from 22 to 134 d of age and 10% higher threonine concentration from 22 to 68 d of age. Both diets were fed at two temperatures (15 or 25 C) from 42 d of age onward. At 134 d of age, turkeys on the HT had generally lower BW than those on the low temperature regimen (LT). Up to 68 d of age and from 106 to 134 d of age, feed intake of turkeys on the HT was significantly lower than that of turkeys on the LT. Up to 42 d of age, feed conversion ratio (FCR) of turkeys on the HT were significantly lower than those of turkeys on the LT. Significant treatment interactions were observed from 22 to 41 d of age. Turkeys fed the amino acid-supplemented diets on the LT had significantly reduced FCR, whereas those on the HT did not respond. From 69 to 105 d of age, turkeys on the HT that were fed the supplemented diets had significantly increased FCR, but there were no dietary effects among turkeys on the LT. There were no consistent diet effects on growth performance or carcass yields. Breast meat yields of turkeys on the LT were higher (33.5 vs 32.1%), and drum yields were lower (12.7 vs 13.0%), than those of turkeys on the HT. There were no significant amino acid balance x ambient temperature effects on processing yields. The hypothesis of this experiment could be rejected as production performance did not respond positively to extra supplementation of lysine, methionine, and threonine when subjected to an HT.}, number={10}, journal={Poultry Science}, author={Veldkamp, T. and Ferket, Peter and Kwakkel, R. P. and Nixey, C.}, year={2000}, pages={1472–1477} }
 @inproceedings{ferket_2000, title={Los efectos nutriciones sobre las enfermedades entericas = Nutrition and its effect on intestinal health}, booktitle={Proceedings Seminario Avicola International - Enfermedades entericas de las Aves. Academia Santandereana Patologia Aviar}, author={Ferket, P.R.}, year={2000}, pages={61–78} }
 @article{scheideler_ferket_2000, title={Phytase in broiler rations - Effects on carcass yields and incidence of tibial dyschondroplasia}, volume={9}, ISSN={["1056-6171"]}, DOI={10.1093/japr/9.4.468}, abstractNote={SUMMARY Two broiler trials were conducted to marketing ages of 7 and 9 weeks, for Trials 1 and 2, respectively. In Trial 1, three diets were administered: 1) NRC non-phytate phosphorus (NPP) (0.45%), 2) low NPP (0.30%), and 3) low NPP (0.30%) plus 500 units Natuphos [1] phytase/kg ration. Each of the diets was fed to female Ross × Ross chicks for 7 weeks. Low NPP rations had a negative effect on body weight at 7 weeks of age, which was overcome by phytase supplementation. Feed conversion ratio was not affected by NPP level or phytase. Overall carcass yields were not affected by NPP level; however, leg quarter weights were significantly greater in broilers fed the low NPP plus phytase diet. The second trial was a 3 × 2 factorial arrangement of three NPP levels (NRC recommended, 75% of NRC recommended, and 50% of NRC recommended) combined with or without supplemental phytase (500 units Natuphos/kg). Each diet was fed to 12 replicate pens with 40 male Ross × Ross chicks per pen for 9 weeks. Low dietary NPP significantly decreased body weight gain at 3 weeks of age but had no effect at 6 and 9 weeks of age. Supplemental phytase significantly increased body weight at 6 and 9 weeks of age. Feed conversion ratio was improved (p < 0.006) in broilers at 9 weeks of age when rations at all three NPP levels were supplemented with phytase. Percent livability also improved with phytase supplementation (p < 0.004). Percent tibial dyschondroplasia (TD) (determined in a live bird subsample) was decreased with phytase supplementation of all three NPP diets at both 3 and 9 weeks of age.}, number={4}, journal={JOURNAL OF APPLIED POULTRY RESEARCH}, author={Scheideler, SE and Ferket, PR}, year={2000}, pages={468–475} }
 @inproceedings{ferket_2000, title={Practical nutritional perspective on gut health and development}, booktitle={Proceedings of the 27th Annual Carolina Poultry Nutrition Conference and Soybean Meal Symposium}, author={Ferket, P.R.}, year={2000}, pages={74–86} }
 @inproceedings{ferket_2000, title={Pronutrients and water supplements}, booktitle={Proceedings 2000 North Carolina Broiler Breeder and Hatchery Management Conference}, author={Ferket, P.R.}, year={2000}, pages={40–47} }
 @inproceedings{veldkamp_kwakkel_ferket_2000, title={Response of young male turkeys to dietary lysine at low and high ambient temperature}, booktitle={Proceedings XXI World's Poultry Congress}, author={Veldkamp, T. and Kwakkel, R.P. and Ferket, P.R.}, year={2000} }
 @article{parks_grimes_ferket_fairchild_2000, title={The case for mannanoligosaccharides in poultry diets. An alternative to growth promotant antibiotics?}, ISBN={1897676751}, journal={Biotechnology in the feed industry. proceedings of Alltech's 16th Annual Symposium: the future of food}, publisher={Nottingham : Nottingham University Press}, author={Parks, C. W. and Grimes, J. L. and Ferket, P. R. and Fairchild, A. S.}, year={2000}, pages={45} }
 @article{parks_grimes_ferket_godwin_2000, title={The effects of Bio-Mos on the performance of male turkeys}, volume={79}, number={Supplement 1}, journal={Poultry Science}, author={Parks, C.W. and Grimes, J.L. and Ferket, P.R. and Godwin, J.L.}, year={2000}, pages={94} }
 @inproceedings{croom_edens_ferket_2000, title={The impact of nutrient digestion and digestion on poultry performance and health}, booktitle={Proceedings 27th Annual Carolina Poultry Nutrition Conference and Soybean Meal Symposium}, author={Croom, J. and Edens, F.W. and Ferket, P.R.}, year={2000}, pages={65–73} }
 @inproceedings{ferket_2000, title={The nutrition of commercial turkeys}, booktitle={Proceedings Multi-State Poultry Feeding and Nutrition Conference and BASF Corporation Technical Symposium}, author={Ferket, P.R.}, year={2000}, pages={5–24} }
 @article{middleton_ferket_daniels_boyd_stikeleather_hines_2000, title={The use of poultry mortalities as an alternative bait for the harvesting of blue crabs Callinectes sapidus (Rathbun, 1885)}, volume={19}, number={2}, journal={Journal of Shellfish Research}, author={Middleton, T. F. and Ferket, P. R. and Daniels, H. V. and Boyd, L. C. and Stikeleather, L. F. and Hines, R. J.}, year={2000}, pages={723–729} }
 @article{kidd_qureshi_ferket_thomas_2000, title={Turkey hen zinc source affects progeny immunity and disease resistance}, volume={9}, ISSN={["1056-6171"]}, DOI={10.1093/japr/9.3.414}, abstractNote={Abstract Progeny immunocompetence and disease resistance from turkey hens receiving dietary supplemental zinc was investigated. Twelve hens received a diet that contained 82 mg/kg Zn. Diets were supplemented with 40 mg/kg Zn sulfate (ZnSO4) or 40 mg/kg Zn methionine (ZnM) and analyzed to contain 122 and 118 mg/kg total Zn, respectively (six replications per treatment). Progeny received a corn and soybean meal diet containing 92 mg/kg Zn. Hens supplemented with ZnM had progeny with heavier (P≤.05) bursa of Fabricius as a percentage of poult body weight (BW). Blood monocytes were isolated from poults at 7 days of age, and hens receiving ZnM had progeny with higher (P≤.01) blood leukocyte Zn concentrations. Cutaneous basophil hypersensitivity response elicited by phytohemagglutinin-P (PHA-P) was higher (P≤.05) in progeny from hens supplemented with ZnM. Subsequent hypersensitivity measurements with PHA-P or pokeweed mitogen did not differ between Zn sources. Macrophage function of poults was evaluated after Bordetella avium inoculation. Poults from hens supplemented with ZnM had higher (P≤.06) percentage macrophages adhered to glass surfaces. However, poults from hens supplemented with ZnM had depressed 21-day BW (P≤.05) after B. avium inoculation. Results indicate that dietary ZnM supplementation to hens may aid progeny immune organ development and enhance nonspecific immunity. However, progeny from hens supplemented with ZnM had a depressed BW after B. avium infection that may have been due to a heightened immune response.}, number={3}, journal={JOURNAL OF APPLIED POULTRY RESEARCH}, author={Kidd, MT and Qureshi, MA and Ferket, PR and Thomas, LN}, year={2000}, pages={414–423} }
 @inproceedings{ferket_1999, title={Animal by-product protein recovery and utilization}, booktitle={Proceedings 1999 Animal Waste Management Symposium}, author={Ferket, P.R.}, year={1999}, pages={146–156} }
 @article{croom_meshaw_ferket_havenstein_1999, title={Development of a web-based comparative nutrition course to serve on-campus and distance learning students}, volume={78}, number={Supplement}, journal={Poultry Science}, author={Croom, W.J. and Meshaw, A. and Ferket, P.R. and Havenstein, G.B.}, year={1999}, pages={46} }
 @article{parks_odetallah_ferket_1999, title={Effect of endoxylanase enzyme supplementation on the performance of tom turkeys fed wheat-based rations}, volume={78}, number={Supplement 1}, journal={Poultry Science}, author={Parks, C.W. and Odetallah, N.H. and Ferket, P.R.}, year={1999}, pages={16} }
 @article{odetallah_grimes_ferket_1999, title={Effect of feed enzyme supplementation and feed expansion on nutrient digestibility of turkey poults fed starter diets from two commercial feed mills}, volume={78}, number={Supplement 1}, journal={Poultry Science}, author={Odetallah, N.H. and Grimes, J.L. and Ferket, P.R.}, year={1999}, pages={106} }
 @article{ferket_grimes_postma_cummings_1999, title={Effect of virginiamycin and dietary energy on turkey growth characteristics}, volume={78}, number={Supplement 1}, journal={Poultry Science}, author={Ferket, P.R. and Grimes, J.L. and Postma, T. and Cummings, T.S.}, year={1999}, pages={54} }
 @inproceedings{postma_ferket_croom_kwakkel_1999, title={Effect of virginiamycin on intestinal characteristics of turkeys}, booktitle={Proceedings 12th European Symposium on Poultry Nutrition}, author={Postma, J. and Ferket, P.R. and Croom, W.J. and Kwakkel, R.P.}, year={1999}, pages={188} }
 @article{peterson_qureshi_ferket_fuller_1999, title={Enhancement of cellular and humoral immunity in young broilers by the dietary supplementation of beta-hydroxy-beta-methylbutyrate}, volume={21}, ISSN={["0892-3973"]}, DOI={10.3109/08923979909052765}, abstractNote={As a dietary supplement, beta-Hydroxy-beta-Methylbutyrate (HMB), a catabolite of leucine, has been shown to reduce broiler mortality. In a series of experiments, male broilers (Experiments 1 and 2, n = 576) were grown for 21 days on diets that contained HMB at 0, 0.01. 0.05, and 0.10% of diet. In Experiment 3 (n = 240), chicks were fed diets containing 0, 0.05, 0.075, and 0.10% HMB. HMB dietary supplementation did not significantly affect broiler weight gain in any experiment. However, a trend toward increased mean broiler weight gain per bird was observed in Experiments 1 and 3 when HMB was consumed at 0.10% of the diet. Mean feed to gain ratio was not affected by the inclusion of HMB in broiler diets. In Experiment 3, HMB supplemented diets did not affect bursa of Fabricius, thymus, and spleen weights at 21 days of age. Cutaneous basophilic hypersensitivity response against pokeweek mitogen was higher (P < or = 0.05) at 48 and 72 hours post-injection in chicks on 0.05% dietary HMB (Experiment 1). In Experiment 2, this increase occurred 24 hours post-injection in chicks fed HMB at 0.01% of the diet. On the contrary, the T-cell mediated response against PHA-P mitogen was comparable between all dietary treatments in multiple experiments. Macrophage function profiles were determined at 21 days of age. All chicks in experiments 1 and 2 on HMB supplemented diets showed an increase in the recruitment of Sephadex-G50-elicited abdominal exudate cells (AEC). A 2-fold increase in AEC numbers occurred at the 0.10% HMB level (Experiment 1, P < or = 0.05). Although HMB supplementation did not significantly affect the phagocytic potential of the abdominal macrophages, nitrite levels in the macrophage culture supernatants were higher in 0.01% and 0.05% treatment groups as compared to the controls (Experiment 2, P < or = 0.04; Experiment 3, P < or = 0.05). HMB supplementation did not alter the bird's ability to clear Escherichiacoli or Salmonella arizona from the bloodstream. Beginning 7 days post-hatch, chicks were injected i.v. with a 7% sheep red blood cells suspension. Serum samples were collected to determine the primary and secondary antibody response. Chicks receiving the 0.1% HMB diet in Experiments 1 and 2 exhibited increased IgG and total anti-sheep red blood cell (SRBC) antibody levels during the primary response. During the secondary response, birds consuming the 0.10% HMB diet had elevated IgM levels as well as increased total anti-SRBC levels over the controls in Experiments 1 and 3. These studies show that HMB supplementation improves several immunological functions in young broilers, and such improvement may result in decreased mortality.}, number={2}, journal={IMMUNOPHARMACOLOGY AND IMMUNOTOXICOLOGY}, author={Peterson, AL and Qureshi, MA and Ferket, PR and Fuller, JC}, year={1999}, pages={307–330} }
 @inproceedings{ferket_1999, title={Fatores que afetam a resposta imunologica: nutricao (Factors that affect immunological response: Nutrition}, booktitle={Proceedings I Congresso de Producao e Consumo de Ovos}, author={Ferket, P.R.}, year={1999}, pages={53–66} }
 @book{ferket_1999, title={Flushing and poult enteritis}, number={106}, journal={Poultry Industry Council Fact Sheet}, author={Ferket, P.R.}, year={1999} }
 @article{peterson_qureshi_ferket_fuller_1999, title={In vitro exposure with beta-hydroxy-beta-methylbutyrate enhances chicken macrophage growth and function}, volume={67}, ISSN={["0165-2427"]}, DOI={10.1016/S0165-2427(98)00211-6}, abstractNote={Beta-hydroxy-beta-methylbutyrate (HMB), a leucine catabolite, has been shown to decrease broiler mortality. One possible target of HMB action may be the cells of the immune system. Macrophages from a chicken macrophage cell line, MQ-NCSU, were exposed to 0, 10, 20, 40, 80, and 100 microg of HMB per 5 x l0(4) cells in a 96-well culture plate. After 24 h of exposure, macrophage proliferation was quantitated by an MTT bioassay. In duplicate experiments, HMB stimulated growth over control (p < or = 0.05) at a wide range of doses. Macrophages were exposed to 20 and 80 microg of HMB and the culture supernatant fractions tested for the presence of nitrite. HMB exposure (20 microg) increased nitrite production by 44.1% over the controls (Experiment 1, p< or =0.035). To determine the phagocytic potential of macrophages after HMB exposure, MQ-NCSU cell line and Sephadex-G50-elicited abdominal macrophages were incubated with fluorescent latex beads (1:40, macrophage to beads ratio) for I h and then analyzed by flow cytometry. When exposed to 40 microg HMB, the phagocytic potential of MQ-NCSU macrophages was significantly higher (31.7%) than that of the controls (p < or = 0.0006). Sephadex-elicited macrophages exhibited 14.4% increased phagocytosis over controls when treated with 80 microg HMB (p < or = 0.0016). When MQ-NCSU macrophages were exposed to HMB, Fc-receptor expression was significantly elevated over the controls (p < or = 0.0001). These data demonstrate that HMB exposure induces proliferation of macrophages in culture as well as enhances macrophage effector functions, such as nitrite production and phagocytosis. The findings of these studies imply that HMB can be used as a possible dietary immunomodulator.}, number={1}, journal={VETERINARY IMMUNOLOGY AND IMMUNOPATHOLOGY}, author={Peterson, AL and Qureshi, MA and Ferket, PR and Fuller, JC}, year={1999}, month={Jan}, pages={67–78} }
 @article{edens_parkhurst_havenstein_ferket_sefton_1999, title={Influence of allzyme phytase on fecal phosphorus and nitrogen loss in broilers reared in cages and in floor pens}, volume={78}, number={Supplement 1}, journal={Poultry Science}, author={Edens, F.W. and Parkhurst, C.R. and Havenstein, G.B. and Ferket, P.R. and Sefton, A.E.}, year={1999}, pages={13} }
 @inproceedings{ferket_1999, title={La nutricion de pavos y reproductoras comerciales = Nutrition of commercial turkeys and breeders}, booktitle={Proceedings XVI Congreso Latinoamerican de Avicultura}, author={Ferket, P.R.}, year={1999}, pages={141–151} }
 @inproceedings{ferket_1999, title={Nutrition and gut health in turkeys}, booktitle={Proceedings Canadian Feed Industry Association Eastern Nutrition Conference}, author={Ferket, P.R.}, year={1999}, pages={195–208} }
 @inproceedings{ferket_1999, title={Nutritional applications to reduce mineral emission from production animals}, booktitle={Proceedings 1999 Animal Waste Management Symposium}, author={Ferket, P.R.}, year={1999}, pages={205–214} }
 @inproceedings{middleton_ferket_crow_1999, title={On-farm mortality preservation for nutrient recovery and recycling}, booktitle={Proceedings 1999 Animal Waste Management Symposium}, author={Middleton, T. and Ferket, P.R. and Crow, S.D.}, year={1999}, pages={138–145} }
 @article{middleton_boyd_ferket_1999, title={The effect of ethoxyquin on the quality of ground poultry mortality preserved by lactic acid fermentation and phosphoric acid stabilization}, volume={78}, number={Supplement 1}, journal={Poultry Science}, author={Middleton, T.F. and Boyd, L.C. and Ferket, P.R.}, year={1999}, pages={9} }
 @inproceedings{ferket_qureshi_1999, title={The turkey immune system and nutritional immunomodulators}, booktitle={Proceedings 12th European symposium on Poultry Nutrition}, author={Ferket, P.R. and Qureshi, M.A.}, year={1999}, pages={17–30} }
 @inproceedings{ferket_qureshi_edens_1999, title={Trace minerals in immunity and stress in poultry}, booktitle={Proceedings 60th Minnestota Nutrition Conference and Zinpro Technical Symposium}, author={Ferket, P.R. and Qureshi, M.A. and Edens, F.W.}, year={1999}, pages={21–37} }
 @inproceedings{ferket_postma_1998, title={Age and sex affect whole body amino acid composition in turkeys}, booktitle={Proceedings of the Turkey Nutrition Workshop}, author={Ferket, P.R. and Postma, J.}, year={1998}, pages={21} }
 @article{postma_parks_ferket_1998, title={Age and sex affect whole body amino acid composition of turkeys}, volume={77}, number={Supplement 1}, journal={Poultry Science}, author={Postma, J. and Parks, C.W. and Ferket, P.R.}, year={1998}, pages={102} }
 @inproceedings{ferket_1998, title={Alternative systems of turkey management}, booktitle={Proceedings of the Poultry Industry Council Conference}, author={Ferket, P.R.}, year={1998}, pages={52–58} }
 @inproceedings{ferket_chen_thomas_1998, title={Amino acid profile of turkeys}, booktitle={Proceedings of the Turkey Nutrition Workshop}, author={Ferket, P.R. and Chen, F. and Thomas, L.N.}, year={1998}, pages={15–20} }
 @inproceedings{ferket_middleton_1998, title={Antinutrients in poultry feeds}, booktitle={WPSA 10th European Poultry Conference Proceedings}, author={Ferket, P.R. and Middleton, T.}, year={1998}, pages={43–52} }
 @misc{automated system for preparing animal carcasses for lactic acid fermentation and/or further processing_1998, volume={5,713,788}, number={1998 Feb. 3}, publisher={Washington, DC: U.S. Patent and Trademark Office}, year={1998} }
 @inproceedings{ferket_middleton_crow_stikeleather_1998, title={Current Status of Mortality Acid Preservation and Processing}, booktitle={Proceedings of the 22nd Annual North Carolina Turkey Industry Days Conference}, author={Ferket, P.R. and Middleton, T. and Crow, S. and Stikeleather, L.}, year={1998}, pages={1–7} }
 @inproceedings{ferket_1998, title={Dietary arginine requirements of growing and finishing male turkeys}, booktitle={WPSA 10th European Poultry Conference Proceedings}, author={Ferket, P.R.}, year={1998}, pages={91} }
 @inproceedings{ferket_garlich_kuiper_1998, title={Dietary arginine requirements of growing and finishing turkey toms}, booktitle={Proceedings of the Turkey Nutrition Workshop}, author={Ferket, P.R. and Garlich, J.D. and Kuiper, R.}, year={1998}, pages={6–14} }
 @article{kidd_ferket_garlich_1998, title={Dietary threonine responses in growing turkey toms}, volume={77}, ISSN={["0032-5791"]}, DOI={10.1093/ps/77.10.1550}, abstractNote={A study was conducted to evaluate Thr responses in Large White (British United Turkeys) male turkeys during three time periods: 0 to 3, 3 to 6, and 6 to 9 wk of age. The Thr-deficient diets, fed in 3-wk intervals, were composed primarily of corn, peanut meal, poultry meal, and soybean meal as intact protein sources and supplemented with amino acids. Graded levels of L-Thr were added to the Thr-deficient diets. Another group of turkeys received a corn-soybean-poultry meal control diet in each time period. Diets were formulated to meet a minimum of 110% of suggested amino acid specifications (NRC, 1994) for all essential amino acids, except Thr. Feed intake, BW gain, and feed:gain responses were measured. Average environmental temperatures for Weeks 1, 2, and 3 were 29, 27, and 24 C, respectively. From 4 to 9 wk of age, average environmental temperatures varied between 24 and 35 C. Turkeys in each time period responded to Thr in a curvilinear manner with responses at the asymptote being equivalent to turkeys fed the corn-soybean meal control diets. Adequate dietary Thr levels for gain and feed:gain for the 0 to 3 wk period were 0.93% (3.21 g Thr/Mcal ME) and 0.97% (3.34 g Thr/Mcal ME) of diet, respectively. From 3 to 6 wk of age, the level of dietary Thr needed to support adequate BW gain and feed:gain was 0.88% of diet (2.81 g Thr/Mcal ME). The level of dietary Thr needed to support adequate BW gain and feed:gain from 6 to 9 wk of age was 0.77% of diet (2.30 g Thr/Mcal ME). These results indicate that the NRC (1994) estimations of Thr needs up to 9 wk of age are more than adequate.}, number={10}, journal={POULTRY SCIENCE}, author={Kidd, MT and Ferket, PR and Garlich, TD}, year={1998}, month={Oct}, pages={1550–1555} }
 @inproceedings{kidd_ferket_garlich_1998, title={Dietary threonine responses in growing turkey toms}, booktitle={WPSA 10th European Poultry Conference Proceedings}, author={Kidd, M.T. and Ferket, P.R. and Garlich, J.D.}, year={1998}, pages={416–417} }
 @inproceedings{kidd_ferket_garlich_1998, title={Dietary threonine responses in growing turkeys}, booktitle={WPSA 10th European Poultry Conference Proceedings}, author={Kidd, M.T. and Ferket, P.R. and Garlich, J.D.}, year={1998}, pages={25} }
 @article{ferket_garlich_kuiper_1998, title={Effect of dietary inclusion of cottonseed meal on the performance and carcass characteristics of growing and finishing toms}, volume={77}, number={Supplement 1}, journal={Poultry Science}, author={Ferket, P.R. and Garlich, J.D. and Kuiper, R.}, year={1998}, pages={155} }
 @inproceedings{odetallah_grimes_garlich_ferket_1998, title={Effect of feed enzyme supplementation and feed expansion on performance of turkey poults fed starter diets from two commercial feed mills}, booktitle={WPSA 10th European Poultry Conference Proceedings}, author={Odetallah, N.H. and Grimes, J.L. and Garlich, J.D. and Ferket, P.R.}, year={1998}, pages={48} }
 @inproceedings{odetallah_grimes_ferket_1998, title={Effect of feed enzyme supplementation and feed expansion on performance of turkey poults fed starter diets from two commercial feed mills}, booktitle={WPSA 10th European Poultry Conference Proceedings}, author={Odetallah, N.H. and Grimes, J.L. and Ferket, P.R.}, year={1998}, pages={439–443} }
 @inproceedings{odetallah_grimes_ferket_1998, title={Extrusion and enzyme supplementation of poultry start feed}, booktitle={Proceedings of the Turkey Nutrition Workshop}, author={Odetallah, N.H. and Grimes, J.L. and Ferket, P.R.}, year={1998}, pages={47–54} }
 @inproceedings{ferket_qureshi_1998, title={Funcao imune em aves e interacoes nutricionias}, booktitle={Proceedings of the Seminario technico sombre nutricao mineral e o seu efeito na imunidade das aves}, author={Ferket, P.R. and Qureshi, M.A.}, year={1998}, pages={14–27} }
 @inproceedings{odetallah_garlich_elhadri_ferket_1998, title={Growth and digestive function of turkeys surviving the poultry enteritis and mortality syndrome (PEMS)}, booktitle={Proceedings of the Turkey Nutrition Workshop}, author={Odetallah, N.H. and Garlich, J.D. and Elhadri, L. and Ferket, P.R.}, year={1998}, pages={78} }
 @article{shin_garlich_ferket_1998, title={Investigation of betaine as an osmolyte in turkeys}, volume={77}, number={Supplement 1}, journal={Poultry Science}, author={Shin, H.Y. and Garlich, J.D. and Ferket, P.R.}, year={1998}, pages={118} }
 @inproceedings{shin_garlich_ferket_1998, title={Investigation of betaine as an osmolyte in turkeys}, booktitle={Proceedings of the Turkey Nutrition Workshop}, author={Shin, H.Y. and Garlich, J.D. and Ferket, P.R.}, year={1998}, pages={80} }
 @inproceedings{middleton_ferket_1998, title={On-farm acid preservation of mortality}, booktitle={Proceedings of the Mortality Preservation Workshop}, author={Middleton, T.F. and Ferket, P.R.}, year={1998}, pages={4–17} }
 @inproceedings{crow_middleton_ferket_1998, title={Production of value-added products from mortality silage}, booktitle={Proceedings of the Mortality Preservation Workshop}, author={Crow, S.D. and Middleton, T.F. and Ferket, P.R.}, year={1998}, pages={35–40} }
 @inproceedings{ferket_1998, title={Recycling mortality into nutrients}, booktitle={Proceedings of the Mortality Preservation Workshop}, author={Ferket, P.R.}, year={1998}, pages={1–3} }
 @article{hester_ferket_1998, title={Relationship between long bone distortion and tibial dyschondroplasia in male turkeys}, volume={77}, ISSN={["0032-5791"]}, DOI={10.1093/ps/77.9.1300}, abstractNote={To determine whether a relationship exists between long bone distortion and tibial dyschondroplasia (TD), the hock joints of Large White commercial male turkeys were examined using low intensity x-ray imaging (hand-held lixiscope). All lame birds with long bone distortion and 96 control birds without lameness were examined at 8.3 and 12.3 wk of age for TD lesions using a lixiscope. Results indicated that the incidence of TD was less than 2% at 8.3 wk of age. The incidence increased to 21% by 12.3 wk of age. The TD lesions at 12 wk of age were considered mild covering only one-fourth of the growth plate. Chi-square analysis indicated that control turkeys without long bone distortion were just as likely to have TD lesions as were lame turkeys with long bone distortion. Under the conditions of the present experiment, TD did not appear to be a significant skeletal problem in Large White commercial male turkeys prior to 12.3 wk of age. Only 5 out of 37 (14%) toms with long bone distortion at 12.3 wk of age had TD lesions, suggesting that the valgus-varus deformity may be independent of TD.}, number={9}, journal={POULTRY SCIENCE}, author={Hester, PY and Ferket, PR}, year={1998}, month={Sep}, pages={1300–1302} }
 @article{middleton_ferket_1998, title={The effect of incubation temperature and level of acidification with phosphoric acid on quality parameters of poultry mortality silage}, volume={77}, number={Supplement 1}, journal={Poultry Science}, author={Middleton, T.F. and Ferket, P.R.}, year={1998}, pages={110} }
 @article{middleton_ferket_crow_1998, title={The properties of poultry mortality silage prepared using feed grade phosphoric acid}, volume={77}, number={Supplement 1}, journal={Poultry Science}, author={Middleton, T.F. and Ferket, P.R. and Crow, S.D.}, year={1998}, pages={9} }
 @article{middleton_ferket_1998, title={The use of broiler starter feed as a carbohydrate source for lactic acid fermentation}, volume={77}, number={Supplement 1}, journal={Poultry Science}, author={Middleton, T.F. and Ferket, P.R.}, year={1998}, pages={145} }
 @article{middleton_ferket_hines_daniels_boyd_1998, title={The use of poultry mortality silage as a bait for the harvesting of red swamp crawfish (Procambarus clarkii) and blue crabs (Callinectes sapidus.)}, volume={77}, number={Supplement 1}, journal={Poultry Science}, author={Middleton, T.F. and Ferket, P.R. and Hines, R.J. and Daniels, H.V. and Boyd, L.C.}, year={1998}, pages={80} }
 @inproceedings{qureshi_ferket_havenstein_1998, title={Turkey immune system as affected by dietary and environmental factors}, booktitle={Proceedings of the 21st Technical Turkey Conference}, author={Qureshi, M.A. and Ferket, P.R. and Havenstein, G.B.}, year={1998}, pages={42–51} }
 @inproceedings{ferket_garlich_kuiper_1998, title={Use of cottonseed meal for growing and finishing toms}, booktitle={Proceedings of the Turkey Nutrition Workshop}, author={Ferket, P.R. and Garlich, J.D. and Kuiper, R.}, year={1998}, pages={22–26} }
 @inproceedings{middleton_ferket_1997, title={A comparison of lactic acid fermentation and acidification with phosphoric acid as stabilization methods for ground poultry mortality}, booktitle={Proceedings of the Carolina Poultry Nutrition Conference}, author={Middleton, T.F. and Ferket, P.R.}, year={1997}, pages={99–101} }
 @inproceedings{ferket_1997, title={Alternative Turkey Management Systems}, booktitle={Proceedings of the NC Turkey Industry Days Conference}, author={Ferket, P.R.}, year={1997}, pages={1–4} }
 @article{ferket_van horne_1997, title={Comparison of layer manure drying and processing systems}, volume={76}, number={Supplement 1}, journal={Poultry Science}, author={Ferket, P.R. and van Horne, P.L.M.}, year={1997}, pages={140} }
 @article{garlich_shin_ferket_1997, title={Cottonseed meal and sodium bicarbonate in diets for broilers in warm and cold environments}, volume={76}, number={Supplement 1}, journal={Poultry Science}, author={Garlich, J.D. and Shin, H.Y. and Ferket, P.R.}, year={1997}, pages={60} }
 @article{ferket_chen_thomas_1997, title={Effect of age on carcass and feather amino acid profile in turkeys}, volume={76}, number={Supplement 1}, journal={Poultry Science}, author={Ferket, P.R. and Chen, F. and Thomas, L.N.}, year={1997}, pages={82} }
 @inproceedings{ferket_chen_thomas_1997, title={Effect of age on carcass and feather amino acid profile in turkeys}, booktitle={Proceedings of the Carolina Poultry Nutrition Conference}, author={Ferket, P.R. and Chen, F. and Thomas, L.N.}, year={1997}, pages={86–91} }
 @inproceedings{ferket_garlich_kuiper_1997, title={Effect of dietary inclusion of cottonseed meal on the performance and carcass characteristics of growing and finishing toms}, booktitle={Proceedings of the Carolina Poultry Nutrition Conference}, author={Ferket, P.R. and Garlich, J.D. and Kuiper, R.}, year={1997}, pages={92–96} }
 @article{sheldon_curtis_dawson_ferket_1997, title={Effect of dietary vitamin E on the oxidative stability, flavor, color, and volatile profiles of refrigerated and frozen turkey breast meat}, volume={76}, ISSN={["0032-5791"]}, DOI={10.1093/ps/76.4.634}, abstractNote={In this study, the effect of varying dietary vitamin E levels on the oxidative stability, flavor, color, and volatile profiles of refrigerated and frozen turkey breast meat was examined. Nicholas turkey toms were reared on diets containing vitamin E levels as dl-alpha-tocopheryl acetate equivalent to the NRC recommendations (12 and 10 IU/kg from 0 to 8 and 9 to 18 wk, respectively) and 5x, 10x, and 25x the NRC diet. Two other diets were evaluated and included feeding the NRC diet until 15 and 16 wk followed by a diet containing 20x the NRC vitamin E level. All turkeys were processed in a commercial turkey processing plant and breast meat scored for color. Breast meat was excised from four carcasses per treatment and evaluated after refrigeration (1 and 7 d) or frozen storage (30, 90, 150 d) for oxidative stability and sensory quality by TBA analysis, descriptive flavor profiling, and headspace gas chromatography. The TBA values were inversely related to the dietary vitamin E levels. Refrigerated samples had TBA values 78 to 88% lower for the 10x and 25x vitamin E treatments, respectively, than for the NRC control treatment. No differences in TBA values (refrigerated samples) were detected for the 10x, 25x, and 20x (3 wk feeding duration) or across all treatments for samples frozen for 5 mo. The 10x and 25x NRC diets produced the most typical and acceptable turkey meat flavors with the fewest oxidized off-flavor notes for both fresh and frozen samples as opposed to the more oxidized flavor notes detected in the control samples. Mean color scores increased, indicative of less pale meat, as the level and duration of feeding dietary vitamin E increased. These findings showed that varying dietary vitamin E levels significantly influenced the oxidative stability and functionality of turkey breast meat.}, number={4}, journal={POULTRY SCIENCE}, author={Sheldon, BW and Curtis, PA and Dawson, PL and Ferket, PR}, year={1997}, month={Apr}, pages={634–641} }
 @article{ferket_odetallah_brewer_grimes_thomas_1997, title={Effect of hemicell supplementation of diets containing 44% and 48% CP soybean meal on the performance of turkey hens}, volume={76}, number={Supplement 1}, journal={Poultry Science}, author={Ferket, P.R. and Odetallah, N. and Brewer, C.E. and Grimes, J.L. and Thomas, L.N.}, year={1997}, pages={40} }
 @article{peterson_qureshi_ferket_fuller_1997, title={Enhancement of cellular and humoral immunity by b-hydroxy-b-methylbutyrate in young broilers}, volume={76}, number={Supplement 1}, journal={Poultry Science}, author={Peterson, A.L. and Qureshi, M.A. and Ferket, P.R. and Fuller, J.}, year={1997}, pages={114} }
 @inproceedings{grimes_ferket_crouch_1997, title={Enzyme supplementation of broiler and turkey diets to enhance wheat utilization}, booktitle={Proceedings of Alltech’s 13th Annual Symposium}, author={Grimes, J.L. and Ferket, P.R. and Crouch, A.N.}, year={1997}, pages={131–139} }
 @article{crouch_grimes_ferket_thomas_sefton_1997, title={Enzyme supplementation to enhance wheat utilization in starter diets for broilers and turkeys}, volume={6}, ISSN={["1056-6171"]}, DOI={10.1093/japr/6.2.147}, abstractNote={Abstract Two trials, one using chicks and the other poults, were conducted to determine the efficacy of an enzyme designed to enhance the utilization of wheat non-starch polysaccharides in two sources of wheat. There were five treatment rations: corn-soybean meal (CSBM) and four other diets containing 40% wheat from two locations (North Carolina, NC, and western Canada, CN) supplemented with and without enzyme. Intestinal viscosity was decreased for both chicks and poults with enzyme supplementation of both wheat sources. Body weight gain was improved for both chicks and poults fed NC wheat. Birds fed NC wheat did not grow as well as birds fed CN wheat or corn-based diets. It was concluded that 1) supplementation of wheat sources for both chicks and poults lowered intestinal viscosity; 2) enzyme supplementation of NC wheat diets improved performance of chicks and poults; and 3) source of wheat affected chick and poult performance.}, number={2}, journal={JOURNAL OF APPLIED POULTRY RESEARCH}, author={Crouch, AN and Grimes, JL and Ferket, PR and Thomas, LN and Sefton, AE}, year={1997}, pages={147–154} }
 @article{odetallah_garlich_elhadri_ferket_1997, title={Growth and digestive function of turkeys surviving the poultry enteritis and mortality syndrome (PEMS)}, volume={76}, number={Supplement 1}, journal={Poultry Science}, author={Odetallah, O. and Garlich, J.D. and Elhadri, L. and Ferket, P.R.}, year={1997}, pages={8} }
 @article{shin_garlich_ferket_1997, title={Investigation of betaine as an osmolyte in turkeys}, volume={76}, number={Supplement 1}, journal={Poultry Science}, author={Shin, H.Y. and Garlich, J.D. and Ferket, P.R.}, year={1997}, pages={108} }
 @misc{kidd_ferket_garlich_1997, title={Nutritional and osmoregulatory functions of betaine}, volume={53}, ISSN={["0043-9339"]}, DOI={10.1079/wps19970013}, abstractNote={Betaine, a donor of labile methyl groups, can spare choline and methionine but cannot replace these compounds in poultry diets. Betaine is synthesized from choline by choline oxidase and it can don...}, number={2}, journal={WORLDS POULTRY SCIENCE JOURNAL}, author={Kidd, MT and Ferket, PR and Garlich, JD}, year={1997}, month={Jun}, pages={125–139} }
 @inproceedings{ferket_kidd_1997, title={Organic Zinc, health, immunity and performance of meat poultry}, booktitle={Proceedings of the Arkansas Nutrition Conference}, author={Ferket, P.R. and Kidd, M.T.}, year={1997}, pages={20–28} }
 @article{ferket_kidd_1997, title={Organic zinc sources and performance and health in poultry}, number={1997}, journal={Proceedings of the Maryland Nutrition Conference for Feed Manufacturers}, author={Ferket, P. R. and Kidd, M.T.}, year={1997}, pages={37–43} }
 @article{veldkamp_middelkoop_ferket_1997, title={Ventilated litter floor improves performance characteristics of broilers and turkeys}, volume={76}, number={Supplement 1}, journal={Poultry Science}, author={Veldkamp, T. and Middelkoop, J.H. and Ferket, P.R.}, year={1997}, pages={140} }
 @inproceedings{ferket_garlich_shin_1996, title={Betaine is a treatment for osmotic diarrhea in turkeys}, booktitle={Proceedings of the Annual Research Symposium, Institute of Nutrition}, author={Ferket, P.R. and Garlich, J.D. and Shin, H.Y.}, year={1996}, pages={22} }
 @article{el hadri_ferket_garlich_1996, title={Betaine supplementation of drinking water as a treatment of diarrhea in turkeys}, volume={75}, number={Supplement 1}, journal={Poultry Science}, author={El Hadri, L. and Ferket, P.R. and Garlich, J.D.}, year={1996}, pages={4} }
 @article{parks_ferket_thomas_1996, title={Carcass yield and nitrogen balance of turkey toms fed high and low crude protein diets supplemented with menefee humate}, volume={75}, number={Supplement 1}, journal={Poultry Science}, author={Parks, C.W. and Ferket, P.R. and Thomas, L.N.}, year={1996}, pages={87} }
 @article{ferket_middleton_thomas_grimes_williams_stikeleather_lineberger_1996, title={Conversion of poultry and sweet potato waste products into feedstuffs by lactic acid fermentation and extrusion}, volume={75}, number={Supplement 1}, journal={Poultry Science}, author={Ferket, P.R. and Middleton, T.F. and Thomas, L.N. and Grimes, J.L. and Williams, C.M. and Stikeleather, L.F. and Lineberger, B.M.}, year={1996}, pages={116} }
 @article{christensen_donaldson_grimes_ferket_lerner_hillel_1996, title={Correlation of embryonic growth of turkeys with blood glucose concentrations at hatching}, volume={75}, number={Supplement 1}, journal={Poultry Science}, author={Christensen, V.L. and Donaldson, W.E. and Grimes, J.L. and Ferket, P.R. and Lerner, S. and Hillel, J.}, year={1996}, pages={109} }
 @inproceedings{ferket_stikeleather_1996, title={Development of an automated lactic acid fermentation system to convert poultry carcasses into value-added products}, booktitle={Proceedings World's Poultry Congress}, author={Ferket, P.R. and Stikeleather, L.F.}, year={1996}, pages={773–777} }
 @article{ferket_larson_stikeleather_lineberger_mckeithan_1996, title={Development of an automated system for on-farm lactic acid fermentation of poultry mortality}, volume={75}, number={Supplement 1}, journal={Poultry Science}, author={Ferket, P.R. and Larson, C.J. and Stikeleather, L.F. and Lineberger, B.M. and McKeithan, J.R.}, year={1996}, pages={116} }
 @article{crouch_grimes_ferket_thomas_1996, title={Effect of enzyme supplementation of starter diets for broilers and turkeys to enhance wheat utilization}, volume={75}, number={Supplement 1}, journal={Poultry Science}, author={Crouch, A.N. and Grimes, J.L. and Ferket, P.R. and Thomas, L.N.}, year={1996}, pages={14} }
 @inproceedings{ferket_1996, title={Effect of nutrition on poult enteritis and mortality syndrome and other enteric problems}, booktitle={Proceedings of the 19th Technical Turkey Conference}, author={Ferket, P.R.}, year={1996}, pages={103–112} }
 @article{parks_ferket_thomas_grimes_1996, title={Growth performance and immunity of turkeys fed high and low crude protein diets supplemented with Menefee humate}, volume={75}, number={Supplement 1}, journal={Poultry Science}, author={Parks, C. and Ferket, P.R. and Thomas, L.N. and Grimes, J.L.}, year={1996}, pages={138} }
 @article{peterson_qureshi_ferket_1996, title={In vitro exposure with -hydroxy--methylbutyrate enhances chicken macrophage growth and function}, volume={75}, number={Supplement 1}, journal={Poultry Science}, author={Peterson, A.L. and Qureshi, M.A. and Ferket, P.R.}, year={1996}, pages={7} }
 @misc{ferket_1996, title={Method for treating diarrhea and a composition therefor}, volume={5,516,798}, number={1996 May 14}, publisher={Washington, DC: U.S. Patent and Trademark Office}, author={Ferket, P. R.}, year={1996} }
 @article{brake_ferket_1996, title={Optimum arginine:lysine ratio for broiler growth changes during chronic heat stress}, volume={75}, number={Supplement 1}, journal={Poultry Science}, author={Brake, J. and Ferket, P.R.}, year={1996}, pages={106} }
 @inproceedings{poore_gregory_hart_ferket_1996, title={Relative value of alternative ingredients in calf growing rations}, booktitle={Proceedings of the Annual Research Symposium, Institute of Nutrition}, author={Poore, M.H. and Gregory, G.M. and Hart, J.L. and Ferket, P.R.}, year={1996}, pages={30} }
 @article{kidd_ferket_qureshi_1996, title={Zinc metabolism with special reference to its role in immunity}, volume={52}, ISSN={0043-9339 1743-4777}, url={http://dx.doi.org/10.1079/wps19960022}, DOI={10.1079/wps19960022}, abstractNote={A major goal of many poultry producers is to attain good flock liveability. Historically, most poultry producers have manipulated environmental conditions and management to maximize bird health. In the past two decades there has been much research into nutritional regimes that improve bird health through immunomodulation. Commercial poultry environments contain ubiquitous micro-organisms that continuously challenge the immune system. Nutritional supplements that enhance immune system function may improve flock performance and be economically advantageous. This paper reviews the literature on zinc-methionine and the avian cellular immune system. Current knowledge of the effects of zinc on many animal models is reviewed and a hypothetical mechanism for the action of zinc-methionine on this system is discussed.}, number={3}, journal={World's Poultry Science Journal}, publisher={Cambridge University Press (CUP)}, author={Kidd, M.T. and Ferket, P.R. and Qureshi, M.A.}, year={1996}, month={Nov}, pages={309–324} }
 @article{peterson_qureshi_ferket_fuller_1996, title={-hydroxy--methylbutyrate is a positive modulator of chicken macrophage growth and function}, volume={75}, number={Supplement 1}, journal={Poultry Science}, author={Peterson, A. and Qureshi, M.A. and Ferket, P.R. and Fuller, J.}, year={1996}, pages={139} }
 @article{garlich_edens_ferket_brake_shin_parkhurst_1995, title={Cold stress of ascites in broilers and the effect of dietary sodium chloride}, volume={74}, number={Supplement 1}, journal={Poultry Science}, author={Garlich, J.D. and Edens, F.W. and Ferket, P.R. and Brake, J. and Shin, H.Y. and Parkhurst, C.R.}, year={1995}, pages={63} }
 @article{scheideler_rives_garlich_ferket_1995, title={Dietary Calcium and Phosphorus Effects on Broiler Performance and the Incidence of Sudden Death Syndrome Mortality}, volume={74}, ISSN={0032-5791}, url={http://dx.doi.org/10.3382/ps.0742011}, DOI={10.3382/ps.0742011}, abstractNote={Three experiments were conducted with broiler chickens to determine the effect of dietary Ca and P on growth, feed conversion, bone ash, and the incidence of sudden death syndrome (SDS) mortality. Trial 1 tested three rations [100% NRC (1984) Ca and P; 140% NRC Ca and P; and 140% NRC Ca and P to 3 wk and 100% NRC from 4 to 7 wk] in Ross x Ross males to 7 wk of age. Dietary Ca and P had no effect on body weight, feed conversion, bone ash, or leg problems, but SDS mortality was significantly higher in the two groups fed 140% Ca and P for 3 or 7 wk (2.83 and 3.33% SDS mortality, respectively). Trial 2 tested three diets (85% NRC Ca and P, 100% NRC Ca and P, and 140% NRC Ca and P) in mixed sex Arbor Acres x Peterson chicks to 7 wk of age. The lower level of Ca and P (85% NRC) significantly improved feed conversion (7 wk) and decreased bone ash only at 3 wk and serum Ca (7 wk). There was no effect of diet on SDS in this trial. Trial 3 tested two diets (85% NRC Ca and P or 100% NRC Ca and 85% NRC P) in Ross x Ross males to 9 wk of age. Six-week body weight was significantly reduced in the 85% NRC Ca and P diet but body weight was equal by 9 wk of age. No effects were observed for feed conversion, leg disorders, bone ash, or serum Ca. The SDS mortality was significantly increased in the chicks fed the 100% NRC Ca and 85% P diet compared to the 85% NRC Ca treatment. The results of these trials indicate that even slight deviations in dietary Ca and P beyond the NRC recommendations can create a metabolic imbalance in certain strains of broilers (Ross x Ross), which possibly increases susceptibility to SDS mortality.}, number={12}, journal={Poultry Science}, publisher={Elsevier BV}, author={Scheideler, S.E. and Rives, D.V. and Garlich, J.D. and Ferket, P.R.}, year={1995}, month={Dec}, pages={2011–2018} }
 @article{jones_anderson_ferket_1995, title={Effect of Extrusion on Feed Characteristics and Broiler Chicken Performance}, volume={4}, ISSN={1056-6171}, url={http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/japr/4.3.300}, DOI={10.1093/japr/4.3.300}, abstractNote={Abstract Broiler feeds of identical formulas were fed to straight run broilers in the form of either non-heat treated mash, pellets, or extruded pellets to test the effect of feed processing on production parameters. Young broilers at ≤ 2wk old which were fed crumbled starter rations extruded prior to crumbling weighed more than birds fed crumbled starter rations that were pelleted prior to crumbling. However, when broilers received rations not crumbled following processing, birds fed extruded diets weighed less than those fed pelleted diets. Extruded feeds weighed less per unit volume than pelleted feeds. This density difference may account for the differences in body weights observed. The traditional ether extraction procedure detected a smaller percentage of the fat present in extruded feeds than did acid hydrolysis procedures. In addition, the extrusion process caused some protein and amino acid destruction. Therefore, extruded rations should be formulated at slightly higher nutrient density to compensate for nutrient destruction and loss of nutrient digestibility.}, number={3}, journal={Journal of Applied Poultry Research}, publisher={Elsevier BV}, author={Jones, F.T. and Anderson, K.E. and Ferket, P.R.}, year={1995}, month={Oct}, pages={300–309} }
 @inproceedings{ferket_1995, title={Effect of nutrition on spiking mortality and other enteric problems}, booktitle={Proceedings of the 22nd Annual Carolina Poultry Nutrition Conference}, author={Ferket, P.R.}, year={1995}, pages={106–114} }
 @article{ferket_grimes_brake_rives_1995, title={Effects of dietary virginiamycin, arginine:lysine ratio, and electrolyte balance on the performance and carcass yield of turkey toms}, volume={74}, number={Supplement 1}, journal={Poultry Science}, author={Ferket, P.R. and Grimes, J.L. and Brake, J. and Rives, D.V.}, year={1995}, pages={190} }
 @inproceedings{ferket_1995, title={Enzymes in animal production to reduce waste and improve performance}, booktitle={Proceedings of the AFIA Nutrition Institute}, author={Ferket, P.R.}, year={1995}, pages={72–84} }
 @inproceedings{ferket_1995, title={Flushing syndrome in commercial turkeys during grow-out stage}, booktitle={Proceedings Pacesetter Conference. National Turkey Federation Annual Meeting}, author={Ferket, P.R.}, year={1995}, pages={5–14} }
 @book{grimes_ferket_bottcher_1995, title={Hot weather management of turkeys}, number={19}, journal={Poultry Science Facts}, author={Grimes, J.L. and Ferket, P.R. and Bottcher, R.W.}, year={1995} }
 @inproceedings{ferket_1995, title={Nutrition and management factors influencing PSE in poultry meat}, booktitle={Proceedings of the Canadian Feed Industry Association Eastern Nutrition Conference}, author={Ferket, P.R.}, year={1995}, pages={45–53} }
 @inproceedings{ferket_1995, title={Nutrition of turkeys during hot weather}, booktitle={Proceedings 18th Technical Turkey Conference}, author={Ferket, P.R.}, year={1995}, pages={72–78} }
 @inproceedings{ferket_1995, title={Pale, soft, exudative breast Meat in turkeys}, booktitle={Proceedings 18th Technical Turkey Conference}, author={Ferket, P.R.}, year={1995}, pages={21–29} }
 @article{brake_havenstein_ferket_rives_giesbrecht_1995, title={Relationship of Sex, Strain, and Body Weight to Carcass Yield and Offal Production in Turkeys}, volume={74}, ISSN={0032-5791}, url={http://dx.doi.org/10.3382/ps.0740161}, DOI={10.3382/ps.0740161}, abstractNote={Three strains of male and female market turkeys (British United Turkeys, Hybrid, and Nicholas) were grown under commercial contract production conditions and slaughtered at a range of BW (4,200 to 17,640 g) and age (13 to 22 wk) that covers the range of commercial market weights in use at the time of the study. During processing, the weight of blood, feathers, head, neck, feet plus shanks, heart, liver, gizzard, lungs, gastrointestinal tract, water uptake, hot and chilled carcass with fat pad, fat pad alone, tail, wings, drumsticks, thigh meat, Pectoralis major, Pectoralis minor, scapula meat, lower back, upper back with ribs, breast skin, thigh skin, thigh bone, and hind half (legs, thighs, and saddle) were determined. The data were subjected to least squares analyses using models that included strain and sex effects relative to live BW. Significant differences in yield between the sexes but not among strains were found for feet plus shanks, gizzard, hot and chilled carcass with fat pad, and scapula meat. Similarly, significant differences in yield among strains but not between sexes alone were found for blood, feathers, heart, and hind half. The relationships of live BW with all other variables showed both strain and sex differences in yield. Whereas whole carcass yield as a function of BW was affected by sex alone, most other components varied by both sex and strain. Thus, choice of strain, sex, and age at slaughter affect the projected production of edible carcass and offal components.}, number={1}, journal={Poultry Science}, publisher={Elsevier BV}, author={Brake, J. and Havenstein, G.B. and Ferket, P.R. and Rives, D.V. and Giesbrecht, F.G.}, year={1995}, month={Jan}, pages={161–168} }
 @article{ferket_qureshi_garlich_rives_kidd_1995, title={The effect of vitamin E on turkey performance}, volume={11}, number={2}, journal={Misset World Poultry}, author={Ferket, P. R. and Qureshi, M. A. and Garlich, J. D. and Rives, D. V. and Kidd, M. T.}, year={1995}, pages={11} }
 @inproceedings{ferket_1995, title={The gut from head to tail}, booktitle={Proceedings of the 19th Annual North Carolina Turkey Industry Days Conference}, author={Ferket, P.R.}, year={1995}, pages={1–15} }
 @inproceedings{ferket_grimes_williams_1995, title={Utilization of poultry and sweet potato waste products as value-added feedstuffs for animals}, booktitle={Proceedings of the Annual Research Symposium, Institute of Nutrition}, author={Ferket, P.R. and Grimes, J.L. and Williams, C.M.}, year={1995}, pages={32} }
 @article{ferket_qureshi_garlich_rives_kidd_1995, title={Vitamin E affects performance, immunity, and meat quality}, volume={11}, number={2}, journal={Misset World Poultry}, author={Ferket, P. R. and Qureshi, M. A. and Garlich, J. D. and Rives, D. V. and Kidd, M. T.}, year={1995}, pages={10} }
 @inbook{havenstein_carter_ferket_barker_zublena_1995, place={Ames, IA}, title={Waste production, management and utilization by the US poultry production industries}, number={124}, booktitle={Waste Management and Utilization in Food Production and Processing}, publisher={Council for Agricultural Science and Technology}, author={Havenstein, G.B. and Carter, T.A. and Ferket, P.R. and Barker, J.C. and Zublena, J.P.}, year={1995}, pages={24–41} }
 @article{donaldson_christensen_ferket_1994, title={Administration of Propionate to Day-Old Turkeys}, volume={73}, ISSN={0032-5791}, url={http://dx.doi.org/10.3382/ps.0731249}, DOI={10.3382/ps.0731249}, abstractNote={The effects of salts of propionic acid on newly hatched turkeys were examined. In Experiment 1, poults were injected with .25 mL of 1 M solutions of either sodium propionate or calcium propionate. After a 24-h holding period, the poults were killed and assayed for blood glucose, liver weight, and liver glycogen. Sodium propionate increased blood glucose concentration but did not alter liver weight or liver glycogen compared with controls. Calcium propionate had no effect on blood glucose but increased liver weight and liver glycogen compared with controls. There was no mortality in saline-injected controls or sodium propionate poults; 4 of 10 poults injected with calcium propionate died. In Experiment 2, poults were administered 0 or 4% sodium propionate in the feed or 0 or 2% sodium propionate in the drinking water in a 2 x 2 factorial arrangement. Propionate depressed feed intake and body weight by both routes of administration. Propionate in the feed, but not drinking water, depressed liver weight and liver glycogen. Plasma uric acid was increased by propionate in either the feed or the water but was not above control amounts when propionate was given in both the feed and water at the same time. Plasma propionic acid was increased by propionate in the water but not by propionate in the feed. We conclude that the use of propionate in injectibles, drinking water, or feed of newly hatched turkeys is contraindicated.}, number={8}, journal={Poultry Science}, publisher={Elsevier BV}, author={Donaldson, W.E. and Christensen, V.L. and Ferket, P.R.}, year={1994}, month={Aug}, pages={1249–1253} }
 @inproceedings{ferket_1994, title={Antioxidant vitamins in turkey nutrition}, booktitle={Proceedings Roche Technical Seminar}, author={Ferket, P.R.}, year={1994}, pages={31–45} }
 @inproceedings{ferket_1994, title={Benefits of vitamin E and C supplementation in turkey production}, booktitle={Proceedings Roche Technical Seminar}, author={Ferket, P.R.}, year={1994}, pages={17–31} }
 @article{kidd_qureshi_ferket_thomas_1994, title={Blood Clearance of Escherichia coli and Evaluation of Mononuclear-Phagocytic System as Influenced by Supplemental Dietary Zinc Methionine in Young Turkeys}, volume={73}, ISSN={0032-5791}, url={http://dx.doi.org/10.3382/ps.0731381}, DOI={10.3382/ps.0731381}, abstractNote={The influence of diets containing Zn-Met on in vitro and in vivo uptake of Escherichia coli by the mononuclear-phagocytic system was evaluated. Female Nicholas turkeys reared in battery brooders were supplemented with 40 micrograms Zn/g as Zn-Met in a corn soybean meal diet from 1 to 3 wk of age. Chemical analysis of the basal diets indicated that the basal diets contained 130 micrograms Zn/g and the Zn-Met diets contained 165 micrograms Zn/g. Each diet was fed to three replicate pens of 8 birds in Experiment 1 and three pens of 16 birds in Experiment 2. Body weight gain, feed conversion (FC), and clearance of injected E. coli from blood were determined in Experiments 1 and 2. Abdominal exudate cells (AEC) were recruited by intra-abdominal Sephadex injection. Substrate adherence potential and incidence of macrophages in AEC, phagocytosis of E. coli in vitro in terms of percentage phagocytic macrophages, and number of internalized E. coli per phagocytic macrophage, were quantified in Experiment 1. Plasma Zn concentrations and plasma alkaline phosphatase activity (ALKP) were determined in Experiment 2. Supplemental Zn-Met improved 3-wk BW gain (P < or = .003) only in Experiment 2. Dietary Zn-Met increased mean adherence of cells by 69% (P < or = .001). The number of phagocytized E. coli per macrophage did not differ significantly between treatments; however, E. coli clearance from blood was significantly improved in poults receiving Zn-Met in Experiment 2. Plasma Zn was higher in poults supplemented with Zn-Met prior to and after E. coli administration (P < or = .02).(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)}, number={9}, journal={Poultry Science}, publisher={Elsevier BV}, author={Kidd, M.T. and Qureshi, M.A. and Ferket, P.R. and Thomas, L.N.}, year={1994}, month={Sep}, pages={1381–1389} }
 @article{havenstein_ferket_scheideler_rives_1994, title={Carcass Composition and Yield of 1991 vs 1957 Broilers When Fed “Typical” 1957 and 1991 Broiler Diets}, volume={73}, ISSN={0032-5791}, url={http://dx.doi.org/10.3382/ps.0731795}, DOI={10.3382/ps.0731795}, abstractNote={Whole carcass yield and the yield of parts (i.e., wings, saddle and legs, Pectoralis major, Pectoralis minor, breast skin, rack, abdominal fat pad, heart, and lungs), as well as whole carcass analysis for fat, moisture, and ash, were measured in the 1957 Athens-Canadian Randombred Control (ACRBC) and in the 1991 Arbor Acres (AA) feather-sexable strain, when fed "typical" 1957 and 1991 diets. Using the average of both sexes, the carcass weights of the 1991 birds on the 1991 diets were 4.4, 3.9, and 3.5 times heavier than those from the 1957 ACRBC on the 1957 diet at 43, 71, and 84 d of age, respectively. Birds fed the 1991 diets had significantly heavier carcass weights than those fed the 1957 diets. Hot carcass yield of the AA broiler (mean of both sexes) was approximately 6 to 7% higher at the same age than for the ACRBC. Water uptake in the carcass (following a 60-min immersion in ice water) was approximately 2 to 2.5% higher in the ACRBC than in the AA broiler. Yield of saddle and legs as a percentage of live BW was about 4% higher in the AA than in the ACRBC. Dietary regimen did not affect the yield of saddle and legs. Males had 2 to 3% more saddle and legs than the females. The yield of total breast meat for the AA was approximately 3% higher (mean = 16.9%) than for the ACRBC over both sexes and all ages. Breast yield on the 1991 diets was approximately 1.2% higher for the AA than for the ACRBC. Females had slightly higher breast yield (1%) than males. The AA broiler had consistently heavier fat pads and higher percentage carcass fat at the same age and on the same diet than did the ACRBC. The percentage carcass fat was significantly higher on the 1991 vs the 1957 diet and in females vs males. The male-female difference in percentage carcass fat increased with age. Heart and lung size as a percentage of live BW were lower in the AA than in the ACRBC.}, number={12}, journal={Poultry Science}, publisher={Elsevier BV}, author={Havenstein, G.B. and Ferket, P.R. and Scheideler, S.E. and Rives, D.V.}, year={1994}, month={Dec}, pages={1795–1804} }
 @article{ferket_rives_brewer_thomas_1994, title={Dietary fat level does not influence efficacy of coccidiostats in market turkeys}, volume={73}, number={Supplement 1}, journal={Poultry Science}, author={Ferket, P.R. and Rives, D.V. and Brewer, C.E. and Thomas, L.N.}, year={1994}, pages={135} }
 @article{ferket_rives_brewer_thomas_1994, title={Dietary supplementation of Zoamix, Roxarsone, and Coban in turkeys}, volume={73}, number={Supplement 1}, journal={Poultry Science}, author={Ferket, P.R. and Rives, D.V. and Brewer, C.E. and Thomas, L.N.}, year={1994}, pages={135} }
 @article{kidd_qureshi_ferket_thomas_1994, title={Dietary zinc-methionine enhances mononuclear-phagocytic function in young turkeys}, volume={42}, ISSN={0163-4984 1559-0720}, url={http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/bf02911519}, DOI={10.1007/bf02911519}, abstractNote={The ability of dietary zinc-methionine (Zn-Met) to enhance mononuclear-phagocytic function against Salmonella arizona and enteritidis was investigated in young turkeys. Feed/gain and body wt gain at 21 d of age were not affected by Zn-Met. The addition of 30 or 45 ppm Zn from Zn-Met to a Zn adequate diet significantly increased cutaneous basophil hypersensitivity to phytohemagglutinin-P. The clearance of intravenously administered S. enteritidis from blood was not affected by 30 ppm of supplemental Zn from Zn-Met. However, 30 ppm Zn from Zn-Met increased the reduction of intravenously administered S. arizona from spleen. Percentages of myeloid and mononuclear-phagocytic cells before and after S. enteritidis infection were not affected by supplemental Zn-Met. Turkeys supplemented with Zn-Met showed enhanced in vitro phagocytosis of S. enteritidis by Sephadex-elicited abdominal exudate cells. The phagocytosis of S. arizona was unaffected by Zn-Met.}, number={3}, journal={Biological Trace Element Research}, publisher={Springer Science and Business Media LLC}, author={Kidd, M. T. and Qureshi, M. A. and Ferket, P. R. and Thomas, L. N.}, year={1994}, month={Sep}, pages={217–229} }
 @article{breeding_mcree_ficken_ferket_1994, title={Effect of Protein Restriction during Brooding on Spontaneous Turkey Cardiomyopathy}, volume={38}, ISSN={0005-2086}, url={http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/1591965}, DOI={10.2307/1591965}, abstractNote={The effect of early protein restriction on poult performance and mortality due to spontaneous turkey cardiomyopathy were examined in a facility that historically had a high incidence of the condition. Two thousand male turkey poults were divided into two equal subgroups for the first 4 weeks of life: one received standard commercial rations for the first 4 weeks (high-protein subgroup), and the other received rations with a protein content approximately 70% of the first subgroup (low-protein subgroup). Rations were the same after 4 weeks of age (standard commercial rations). At 16 weeks of age, turkeys in the low-protein subgroup weighed an average of 12.32 kilograms (27.1 pounds), whereas turkeys in the high-protein subgroup weighed an average of 12.73 kilograms (28.0 pounds). Total mortality for the low-protein subgroup was 10.1%, whereas total mortality for the high-protein subgroup was 15.7%. Total mortality due to spontaneous turkey cardiomyopathy in the high-protein subgroup was greater than twice that in the low-protein subgroup (10.4% versus 4.6%). These results show that lowering the protein content of the feed in the first 4 weeks significantly reduces mortality due to spontaneous turkey cardiomyopathy, but body weight gain is also reduced.}, number={2}, journal={Avian Diseases}, publisher={JSTOR}, author={Breeding, S. W. and McRee, W. A. and Ficken, M. D. and Ferket, P. R.}, year={1994}, month={Apr}, pages={366} }
 @article{ferket_brake_1994, title={Effect of dietary level of triticale and supplemental enzyme on the growth performance and carcass yield of male broilers}, volume={73}, number={Supplement 1}, journal={Poultry Science}, author={Ferket, P.R. and Brake, J.}, year={1994}, pages={78} }
 @inproceedings{kidd_ferket_qureshi_1994, title={Effect of dietary zinc-methionine supplementation on mononuclear-phagocytic system and E. coli clearance}, booktitle={Proceedings of the 5th Annual Research Symposium, Institute of Nutrition}, author={Kidd, M.T. and Ferket, P.R. and Qureshi, M.A.}, year={1994}, pages={104} }
 @inproceedings{ferket_1994, title={Feeding today's turkeys: Focus on early poult nutrition}, booktitle={Proceedings of the Multi-State Poultry Meeting}, author={Ferket, P.R.}, year={1994}, pages={74–86} }
 @inproceedings{ferket_1994, title={Flushing in market turkeys}, booktitle={Proceedings 8th Annual North Carolina Turkey Industry Days Conference}, author={Ferket, P.R.}, year={1994}, pages={54–58} }
 @article{havenstein_ferket_scheideler_larson_1994, title={Growth, Livability, and Feed Conversion of 1957 vs 1991 Broilers When Fed “Typical” 1957 and 1991 Broiler Diets}, volume={73}, ISSN={0032-5791}, url={http://dx.doi.org/10.3382/ps.0731785}, DOI={10.3382/ps.0731785}, abstractNote={The relative contributions of genetic selection and dietary regimen on the performance of broilers was assessed. Body weight, feed consumption, mortality (M), and the degree of tibial dyschondroplasia (TD) were measured in the 1957 Athens-Canadian Randombred Control (ACRBC) strain of broilers and in the 1991 Arbor Acres (AA) feather-sexable strain when fed "typical" 1957 and 1991 diets. Energy and protein levels, vitamin and mineral packs, and the coccidiostats used in the two dietary regimens were chosen to be representative of those in use by the industry for the two time periods. Eight treatment groups, i.e., two strains, two sexes, and two dietary regimens, were assigned into four blocks of eight litter floor pens for grow out. The 1957 diets were fed as mash, and the 1991 starter and grower diets were fed as crumbles and pellets, respectively. Feed consumption and BW were recorded at 21, 42, 56, 70, and 84 d of age, a period covering the normal marketing ages for the two broilers. Mortality and the cause of death was recorded daily. The incidence and severity of TD was assessed using a Lixiscope at 42 d of age. Average BW were 190, 508, 790, 1,087, and 1,400 g for the ACRBC on the 1957 diets vs 700, 2,132, 3,108, 3,812, and 4,498 g for the AA on the 1991 diets at 21, 42, 56, 70, and 84 d of age, respectively. The 1991 diets increased the BW of the AA by an average of 14% (20% at 42 d, but only 8% at 84 d) and of the ACRBC by 22%. The BW advantage for the 1991 diet over the 1957 diet for the AA was less for males than for females after 42 d of age, and the advantage decreased with age, probably due to the increasing incidence of leg problems. The M for AA was 9.1% vs 3.3% for the ACRBC at 42 d. Most of the ACRBC M occurred before 21 d, whereas M occurred throughout for the AA, with most after 21 d due to flip-overs and ascites. The feed conversion at 42 d for the ACRBC on the 1957 diet was 3.00 vs 2.04 for the AA on the 1991 diet. The AA on the 1991 diet had a 48.6% incidence of TD vs 25.6% on the 1957 diet. The ACRBC had approximately 1.2% TD on both diets. The TD was more severe with the 1991 diet.}, number={12}, journal={Poultry Science}, publisher={Elsevier BV}, author={Havenstein, G.B. and Ferket, P.R. and Scheideler, S.E. and Larson, B.T.}, year={1994}, month={Dec}, pages={1785–1794} }
 @inproceedings{ferket_foegeding_1994, title={How nutrition and management influence PSE in poultry meat}, booktitle={Proceedings BASF Technical Symposium}, author={Ferket, P.R. and Foegeding, E.A.}, year={1994}, pages={64–78} }
 @article{kidd_qureshi_ferket_thomas_1994, title={Mononuclear-phagocytic function and innate immunity towards Salmonella arizona and enteritidis in young turkeys as influenced by zinc-methionine}, volume={73}, number={Supplement 1}, journal={Poultry Science}, author={Kidd, M.T. and Qureshi, M.A. and Ferket, P.R. and Thomas, L.N.}, year={1994}, pages={144} }
 @inproceedings{brake_ferket_grimes_balnave_gorman_dibner_1994, title={Optimum arginine:lysine ratio changes in hot weather}, booktitle={Proceedings of the 21st Annual Carolina Poultry Nutrition Conference}, author={Brake, J. and Ferket, P.R. and Grimes, J.L. and Balnave, D. and Gorman, I. and Dibner, J.J.}, year={1994}, pages={82–104} }
 @article{nissen_fuller_sell_ferket_rives_1994, title={The Effect of β-Hydroxy-β-Methylbutyrate on Growth, Mortality, and Carcass Qualities of Broiler Chickens}, volume={73}, ISSN={0032-5791}, url={http://dx.doi.org/10.3382/ps.0730137}, DOI={10.3382/ps.0730137}, abstractNote={Experiments were conducted to determine whether the leucine catabolite beta-hydroxy-beta-methylbutyrate (HMB) could influence protein metabolism in broilers. In Experiment 1, HMB was fed at either .01 or .05% of the diet. beta-Hydroxy-beta-methylbutyrate did not improve feed conversion or BW gain; however, broilers fed HMB at .01% in a diet formulated to meet NRC (1984) recommendations had no mortality (P < .03) from 0 to 21 d of age. In Experiment 2, HMB fed at .003, .01, .03, and .09% of the diet had no significant affect on growth or carcass yield of the broilers when compared with control-fed broilers. In Experiment 3, HMB fed at .001, .003, and .01% of the diet had no effect on broiler growth. In Experiment 4, HMB was fed at .01% of the diet in combination with an antibiotic and coccidiostat (GP). Use of GP increased (P < .01) BW, feed conversion, and carcass yield when compared with the control broilers. In Experiment 5, HMB was fed at .1% of the diet, and effects of sex and GP were examined. beta-Hydroxy-beta-methylbutyrate decreased (P < .01) mortality by 72% in the male broilers. In a combined analysis, HMB fed at .01% of the diet (Experiments 1, 2, and 3) increased breast yield (P < .05) and reduced mortality by 56% (P < .04) from 0 to 21 d of age. In a combined analysis, HMB fed at .003% of the diet (Experiments 2 and 3) increased 42-d BW (P < .02) and hot (P < .04) and chilled (P < .05) carcass yields. In conclusion, across all HMB dosages mortality of male broilers was decreased from 6.37 to 4.39% (-31%, P < .04) by feeding HMB, with the pattern of death suggesting that HMB decreased the incidence of sudden death syndrome in these broilers.}, number={1}, journal={Poultry Science}, publisher={Elsevier BV}, author={Nissen, Steven and Fuller, John C. and Sell, Jerry and Ferket, Peter R. and Rives, David V.}, year={1994}, month={Jan}, pages={137–155} }
 @book{ferket_1994, title={Triticale for poultry feeding}, number={AG‐464}, journal={North Carolina Cooperative Extension Service}, author={Ferket, P.R.}, year={1994}, pages={47–51} }
 @article{brake_ferket_havenstein_rives_1994, title={Turkey edible carcass yield as affected by sex, strain, and body weight}, volume={73}, number={Supplement 1}, journal={Poultry Science}, author={Brake, J. and Ferket, P.R. and Havenstein, G.B. and Rives, D.V.}, year={1994}, pages={125} }
 @article{brake_ferket_havenstein_rives_1994, title={Turkey offal yield as affected by sex, strain, and body weight, 1994}, volume={73}, number={Supplement 1}, journal={Poultry Science}, author={Brake, J. and Ferket, P.R. and Havenstein, G.B. and Rives, D.V.}, year={1994}, pages={126} }
 @inproceedings{ferket_1994, title={Use of alternative grains in poultry feed}, booktitle={Proceedings of the 21st Annual Carolina Poultry Nutrition Conference}, author={Ferket, P.R.}, year={1994}, pages={26–42} }
 @article{roberson_hill_ferket_1993, title={Additive Amelioration of Tibial Dyschondroplasia in Broilers by Supplemental Calcium or Feed Deprivation}, volume={72}, ISSN={0032-5791}, url={http://dx.doi.org/10.3382/ps.0720798}, DOI={10.3382/ps.0720798}, abstractNote={Two experiments were conducted to determine the effects of mineral nutrition and early growth rate on tibial dyschondroplasia (TD) in broiler chickens. A corn-soybean meal diet with .6% available P (aP) was fed from the day of hatching for 20 days. Experiment 1 had a 2 x 2 x 2 factorial arrangement of treatments with two dietary levels of Ca (1.1 or 1.8% of the diet), two levels of dietary Cl (.22 or .34%), and two feeding systems (ad libitum or deprived of feed for 8 h three times per week on Monday, Wednesday, and Friday beginning at 6 days of age). Experiment 2 was a 3 x 2 factorial arrangement with three levels of Ca (1.14, 1.50, or 1.80%) and two feeding systems (ad libitum or deprivation as in Experiment 1). Nineteen-day BW gain was not affected by treatments in the first experiment. Feed deprivation decreased gain in the second experiment, and gain was increased by the highest Ca level without affecting feed efficiency. Feed deprivation did not affect feed efficiency in either experiment. Dietary Cl level did not affect any variable studied. Supplemental Ca increased bone ash in the first experiment, but not in Experiment 2. Feed deprivation and increasing Ca levels decreased the incidence of TD and the amount of severe lesions. Increasing dietary Ca resulted in a greater accumulation of Ca into the epiphyseal growth plate cartilage. The results suggest that the dietary Ca:aP ratio required for bone integrity in starter chicks may be greater than 2.2:1.}, number={5}, journal={Poultry Science}, publisher={Elsevier BV}, author={Roberson, K.D. and Hill, C.H. and Ferket, P.R.}, year={1993}, month={May}, pages={798–805} }
 @article{kidd_qureshi_ferket_thomas_brundage_1993, title={Blood clearance of Escherichia coli and evaluation of mononuclear-phagocytic system as influenced by zinc-methionine in young turkeys}, volume={72}, number={Supplement 1}, journal={Poultry Science}, author={Kidd, M.T. and Qureshi, M.A. and Ferket, P.R. and Thomas, L. and Brundage, M.}, year={1993}, pages={119} }
 @article{havenstein_scheideler_ferket_rives_1993, title={Carcass composition and yield of 1957 VS. 1991-type broilers when fed typical 1957 and 1991-type diets}, volume={72}, number={Supplement 1}, journal={Poultry Science}, author={Havenstein, G.B. and Scheideler, S.E. and Ferket, P.R. and Rives, D.V.}, year={1993}, pages={169} }
 @article{ferket_garlich_thomas_1993, title={Dietary choline and labile methyl donor requirement of turkey poults}, volume={72}, number={Supplement 1}, journal={Poultry Science}, author={Ferket, P.R. and Garlich, J.D. and Thomas, L.N.}, year={1993}, pages={13} }
 @article{clarke_ferket_elkin_mcdaniel_freed_mcmurtry_krueger_hester_1993, title={Early Dietary Protein Restriction and Intermittent Lighting.}, volume={72}, ISSN={0032-5791}, url={http://dx.doi.org/10.3382/ps.0722144}, DOI={10.3382/ps.0722144}, abstractNote={Abstract A trial was conducted to determine the effects of dietary protein restriction at an early age and intermittent lighting, designed for curtain-sided houses, on the carcass characteristics of Nicholas commercial male turkeys (sired by male Line 88). Four isocaloric diets containing various levels of protein (100, 90, 80, or 70% of control values) were fed ad libitum from 8 to 56 days of age. All birds were fed control diets from 1 to 7 days of age and from 57 to 124 days of age. Two lighting regimens, a control of 15 h light (L):9 h dark (D), and intermittent (15L:2D:1.5L:2D:1.5L:2D), were each assigned randomly to two rooms from Day 8 until the end of the study. Turkeys reared in intermittent lighting had heavier weights for whole breast (muscle and bone, P}, number={11}, journal={Poultry Science}, publisher={Elsevier BV}, author={Clarke, John P. and Ferket, Peter R. and Elkin, Robert G. and Mcdaniel, Christopher D. and Freed, Marisue and Mcmurtry, John P. and Krueger, Kenneth K. and Hester, Patricia Y.}, year={1993}, month={Nov}, pages={2144–2151} }
 @article{clarke_ferket_elkin_mcdaniel_mcmurtry_freed_krueger_watkins_hester_1993, title={Early Dietary Protein Restriction and Intermittent Lighting.}, volume={72}, ISSN={0032-5791}, url={http://dx.doi.org/10.3382/ps.0722131}, DOI={10.3382/ps.0722131}, abstractNote={Abstract A trial was conducted to determine the effects of dietary protein restriction at an early age and intermittent lighting, designed for curtain-sided houses, on lameness and performance of Nicholas commercial male turkeys sired by male Line 88. Four isocaloric diets containing different levels of protein (100, 90, 80, or 70% of control value) were consumed ad libitum from 8 to 56 days. All birds were provided control diets from 1 to 7 days of age and from 57 to 124 days of age. Two lighting regimens, control [15 h light (L):9 h dark (D)] and intermittent (15L:2D:1.5L:2D:1.5L:2D), were each assigned randomly to two rooms from Day 8 until the end of the study. Light intensity was maintained at 20 lx throughout the study for both lighting regimens. When compared with the control (15L:9D) photoperiod, intermittent lighting improved market body weight and feed efficiency and increased the incidence of leg abnormalities but did not affect overall mortality. The incidence of leg abnormalities among toms decreased linearly with decreasing levels of dietary protein at 85 days of age. However, the dietary effect on lameness was transient in that no differences were apparent at market age of 123 days. Mortality was not affected by dietary treatment. Testes weight increased and shank length decreased linearly with increasing levels of dietary protein. Toms fed the 90% protein diet in both lighting regimens had market body weights and feed efficiency values similar to those of controls. It is concluded that Nicholas commercial male turkeys have improved performance in intermittent lighting and can be fed dietary protein at 90% of control levels from 8 to 56 days of age to reduce feed cost.}, number={11}, journal={Poultry Science}, publisher={Elsevier BV}, author={Clarke, John P. and Ferket, Peter R. and Elkin, Robert G. and Mcdaniel, Christopher D. and Mcmurtry, John P. and Freed, Marisue and Krueger, Kenneth K. and Watkins, Bruce A. and Hester, Patricia Y.}, year={1993}, month={Nov}, pages={2131–2143} }
 @article{qureshi_ferket_garlich_1993, title={Effect of dietary supplementation of vitamin E on the immune function of turkey poults}, volume={72}, number={Supplement 1}, journal={Poultry Science}, author={Qureshi, M.A. and Ferket, P.R. and Garlich, J.D.}, year={1993}, pages={56} }
 @article{nissen_fuller_sell_ferket_rives_1993, title={Effect of feeding the leucine catabolite ß-hydroxy ß-methyl-butyrate to growing broilers}, volume={72}, number={1}, journal={Poultry Science}, author={Nissen, S. and Fuller, J., Jr. and Sell, J. and Ferket, P.R. and Rives, D.V.}, year={1993}, pages={36} }
 @article{ferket_rives_nissen_fuller_1993, title={Effect of feeding the leucine catabolite ß-hydroxy ß-methyle butyrate and growth promotants to growing broilers}, volume={72}, number={Supplement 1}, journal={Poultry Science}, author={Ferket, P.R. and Rives, D.V. and Nissen, S. and Fuller, J.}, year={1993}, pages={36} }
 @inproceedings{kidd_ferket_qureshi_1993, title={Effect of zinc-amino acid complex on immune function}, booktitle={Proceedings of the 20th Annual Carolina Poultry Nutrition Conference}, author={Kidd, M.T. and Ferket, P.R. and Qureshi, M.A.}, year={1993}, pages={22–28} }
 @article{kidd_ferket_qureshi_1993, title={Effect of zinc-methionine and manganese-methionine on the performance and immune response of young turkeys}, volume={72}, number={Supplement 1}, journal={Poultry Science}, author={Kidd, M.T. and Ferket, P.R. and Qureshi, M.A.}, year={1993}, pages={174} }
 @article{havenstein_scheideler_ferket_larson_1993, title={Growth, feed efficiency, and livability of 1957 VS. 1991-type broilers when fed typical 1957 and 1991-type diets}, volume={72}, number={Supplement 1}, journal={Poultry Science}, author={Havenstein, G.B. and Scheideler, S.E. and Ferket, P.R. and Larson, B.T.}, year={1993}, pages={169} }
 @inproceedings{yoong_ferket_thomas_1993, title={Nutritional value of extruded poultry and sweet potato by-products}, booktitle={Proceedings of the 4th Annual Research Symposium, Institute of Nutrition}, author={Yoong, C.K. and Ferket, P.R. and Thomas, L.N.}, year={1993}, pages={137} }
 @inproceedings{ferket_1993, title={Practical nutrition and health of turkeys}, booktitle={Proceedings of the California Turkey Industry Conference}, author={Ferket, P.R.}, year={1993}, pages={1–14} }
 @article{ferket_1993, title={Practical use of feed enzymes for turkeys and broilers}, volume={2}, DOI={10.1093/japr/2.1.75}, abstractNote={The use of feed enzymes for poultry is a common practice in Europe, and there is a growinginterest in their use inNorth America. This interest in feed enzymes is a reflection of changing attitudes in society and the economic climate of the feed industry. Consumer attitudes are tending toward a drug-free, all natural food supply. This means that poultry producers will eventually need to move away from the use of pharmaceutical feed additives to maintain consumer confidence. The use of products like enzymes and direct feed microbids as additives are more acceptable to consumers, probably because of their familiarity with such products in common foods and household materials. Moreover, as environmental concerns about animal waste disposal increase, enzymes are more frequently being considered as a means of reducing manure output and nutrient excretion, particularly excess phosphorus, nitrogen, copper, and zinc. An increasing diversity of by-products from the food industry (e.g., from grain milling, animal processing, brewery fermentation,and recycled waste) are used as feed ingredients. Enzymes can be used to improve the nutritional value of such by-products and perhaps reduce the variability commo~ily associated with such products. Finally, enzymes could be used to maximize the efficiency of feed utilization by reducing the effects of antinutritional factors, reduce feed manufacturing costs, and reduce the variability of nutrient bioavailability in feed. Supplemental enzymes could be useful in reducing some of the limitations on the productive value of poultry feed. These limitations include: 1) the cost of highly digestible, nutrient dense feed; 2) dietary fiber content, particularly fibrillar polysaccharides (cellulose), matrix polysaccharides (pectins, hemicellulose, and glycoproteins), and encrusting material (lignin); 3) interactions among different ingredients, nutrients, and bird characteristics; and 4) antinutritional factors, such as phytin, toxins, tannins, natural chelates, etc. With regard to these inherent limitations, the potential applications of enzymes in poultry feed include: 1) supplementing or complementing the endogenous enzyme production of birds; 2) increasing the digestibility of fiber components; 3) rendering nutrients more available for digestion; 4) reducing the effects of antinutritional factors; and 5) allowing greater flexibility and accuracy in feed formulation, reducing feed cost, and maintaining bird performance.}, number={1}, journal={Journal of Applied Poultry Research}, author={Ferket, Peter}, year={1993}, pages={75} }
 @article{brake_havenstein_scheideler_ferket_rives_1993, title={Relationship of Sex, Age, and Body Weight to Broiler Carcass Yield and Offal Production}, volume={72}, ISSN={0032-5791}, url={http://dx.doi.org/10.3382/ps.0721137}, DOI={10.3382/ps.0721137}, abstractNote={Abstract Male and female broilers (feather-sexable strain) at 28, 35, 42, and 49 days of age were utilized to determine the effect of sex, age, and BW on yield of various offal and edible carcass components. Individual bird BW ranged from 756 to 2,970 g. During processing, weight of blood, feathers, head, neck, feet, preen gland, heart, liver, gizzard, gastrointestinal tract, fat pad, hind half (legs, thighs, and saddle), wings, Pectoralis major, breast skin, Pectoralis minor, back with lungs, rib cage, water uptake, and whole dressed carcass were determined. Regression analyses were used to generate equations describing the relationship between carcass components and BW for each sex and with the sexes combined. The data were also subjected to analysis of variance to determine age and sex effects on an absolute weight and percentage of live BW basis. Yields of body components changed with increasing age and BW. In general, the percentage of edible components increased, and the percentage of offal decreased with increasing age and BW. When expressed on a percentage of live BW basis, significant sex effects existed for feathers, head, neck, feet, heart, liver, fat pad, hind half, breast skin, and Pectoralis minor. Thus, the yield of offal components vary more by sex than does yield of edible carcass components.}, number={6}, journal={Poultry Science}, publisher={Elsevier BV}, author={Brake, J. and Havenstein, G.B. and Scheideler, S.E. and Ferket, P.R. and Rives, D.V.}, year={1993}, month={Jun}, pages={1137–1145} }
 @article{morrow_ferket_1993, title={The disposal of dead pigs: A review}, volume={1}, number={3}, journal={Swine Health and Production}, author={Morrow, W. and Ferket, P.R.}, year={1993}, pages={7–13} }
 @book{ferket_1993, title={Using barley in turkey diets}, number={AG‐464}, journal={North Carolina Cooperative Extension Service}, author={Ferket, P.R.}, year={1993}, pages={50–52} }
 @inproceedings{ferket_qureshi_garlich_rives_kidd_1993, title={Vitamin E and performance, immunity, and meat quality of turkeys}, booktitle={Proceedings of the 20th Annual Carolina Poultry Nutrition Conference}, author={Ferket, P.R. and Qureshi, M.A. and Garlich, J.D. and Rives, D.V. and Kidd, M.T.}, year={1993}, pages={1–21} }
 @article{roberson_hill_ferket_1992, title={Additive amelioration of tibial dyschondroplasia in broilers by supplemental calcium and fasting}, volume={71}, number={Supplement 1}, journal={Poultry Science}, author={Roberson, K.D. and Hill, C.H. and Ferket, P.R.}, year={1992}, pages={172} }
 @article{garlich_qureshi_ferket_aslam_1992, title={Dietary calcium modulates the immune response}, volume={72}, number={Supplement 1}, journal={Poultry Science}, author={Garlich, J.D. and Qureshi, M.A. and Ferket, P.R. and Aslam, S.M.}, year={1992}, pages={60} }
 @article{clarke_hester_elkin_mcdaniel_watkins_ferket_krueger_mcmurtry_1992, title={Early dietary protein restriction and intermittent lighting. 1. Effects on performance of male turkeys}, volume={71}, number={Supplement 1}, journal={Poultry Science}, author={Clarke, J.P. and Hester, P.Y. and Elkin, R.G. and McDaniel, C.D. and Watkins, B.A. and Ferket, P.R. and Krueger, K.K. and McMurtry, J.P.}, year={1992}, pages={17} }
 @article{clarke_hester_elkin_mcdaniel_watkins_ferket_krueger_mcmurtry_1992, title={Early dietary protein restriction and intermittent lighting. 2. Effects on lameness and carcass yields in male turkeys}, volume={72}, number={Supplement 1}, journal={Poultry Science}, author={Clarke, J.P. and Hester, P.Y. and Elkin, R.G. and McDaniel, C.D. and Watkins, B.A. and Ferket, P.R. and Krueger, K.K. and McMurtry, J.P.}, year={1992}, pages={17} }
 @article{yoong_jones_ferket_1992, title={Effect of extrusion processing on broiler feed characteristics}, volume={72}, number={Supplement 1}, journal={Poultry Science}, author={Yoong, C.K. and Jones, F.T. and Ferket, P.R.}, year={1992}, pages={96} }
 @article{ferket_qureshi_1992, title={Effect of level of inorganic and organic zinc and manganese on the immune function of turkey toms}, volume={71}, number={Supplement 1}, journal={Poultry Science}, author={Ferket, P.R. and Qureshi, M.A.}, year={1992}, pages={18} }
 @article{ferket_qureshi_1992, title={Effect of level of inorganic and organic zinc and manganese on the performance and leg abnormalities of turkey toms}, volume={71}, number={Supplement 1}, journal={Poultry Science}, author={Ferket, P.R. and Qureshi, M.A.}, year={1992}, pages={60} }
 @article{roberson_hill_ferket_1992, title={Effects of calcium:phosphorus ratio and fasting during the starter period on performance and tibial dyschondroplasia in broilers at six weeks of age}, volume={71}, number={Supplement 1}, journal={Poultry Science}, author={Roberson, K.D. and Hill, C.H. and Ferket, P.R.}, year={1992}, pages={173} }
 @article{jones_yoong_ferket_1992, title={Effects of extrusion feed processing on broiler performance and carcass characteristics}, volume={72}, number={Supplement 1}, journal={Poultry Science}, author={Jones, F.T. and Yoong, C.K. and Ferket, P.R.}, year={1992}, pages={96} }
 @inproceedings{garlich_qureshi_ferket_aslam_1992, title={Immune system modulation by dietary calcium}, booktitle={Proceedings of the XIX World's Poultry Congress}, author={Garlich, J.D. and Qureshi, M.A. and Ferket, P.R. and Aslam, S.M.}, year={1992} }
 @article{roberson_hill_ferket_1992, title={Influence of calcium:phosphorus ratio in two dietary regimes on tibial dyschondroplasia in young broilers}, volume={71}, number={Supplement 1}, journal={Poultry Science}, author={Roberson, K.D. and Hill, C.H. and Ferket, P.R.}, year={1992}, pages={173} }
 @article{garlich_nicholson_ferket_1992, title={Maintenance of ionized calcium by poults}, volume={71}, number={Supplement 1}, journal={Poultry Science}, author={Garlich, J.D. and Nicholson, L. and Ferket, P.R.}, year={1992}, pages={150} }
 @inproceedings{ferket_1992, title={Nutrition of water-soluble vitamins in poultry}, booktitle={Proceedings of the Takeda Technical Symposium, 53rd Minnesota Nutrition Conference}, author={Ferket, P.R.}, year={1992} }
 @article{ferket_qureshi_1992, title={PERFORMANCE AND IMMUNITY OF HEAT-STRESSED BROILERS FED VITAMIN-SUPPLEMENTED AND ELECTROLYTE-SUPPLEMENTED DRINKING-WATER}, volume={71}, ISSN={["0032-5791"]}, DOI={10.3382/ps.0710088}, abstractNote={The efficacy of different vitamin and electrolyte treatments of drinking water for heat-stressed broilers was studied in two experiments. In Experiment 1, commercial broilers (50% male, 50% female, sexed), were subjected to four drinking water treatments: 1) unsupplemented water (control); 2) B-vitamins plus electrolytes (B+E1); 3) vitamins A, D, and E, B-vitamins plus electrolytes (ADEB+E1); and 4) vitamins A, D, and E and B-vitamins (ADEB). Each treatment group was replicated in eight pens containing 70 birds. All birds were provided ad libitum access to feed through to 43 days of age and subjected to the water treatment from 16 to 21 days and 38 to 43 days. The birds were exposed to the 35 C ambient temperature during the last 72 h of each period. Immune function was tested on the males in each pen while they received the water treatments from 24 to 34 days of age. In comparison with the control, feed conversion was improved 5.6% by ADEB+E1 and ADEB, and body weight gain was improved 6.7% by ADEB (P less than .05). Total and IgG antibody response against SRBC after primary immunization was improved by B+E1; whereas, B+E1 and ADEB treatments improved IgG after secondary immunization. The highest numbers of Sephadex-elicited peritoneal macrophages were found among ADEB-treated birds, but neither adherence nor phagocytic ability of macrophages from either group was affected. Natural killer cells from all except ADEB+E1-treated birds exhibited comparably high tumoricidal activity.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)}, number={1}, journal={POULTRY SCIENCE}, author={FERKET, PR and QURESHI, MA}, year={1992}, month={Jan}, pages={88–97} }
 @article{donaldson_brewer_ferket_christensen_1992, title={Posthatch Carbohydrate Feeding and Subsequent Performance of Turkey Poults}, volume={71}, ISSN={0032-5791}, url={http://dx.doi.org/10.3382/ps.0710128}, DOI={10.3382/ps.0710128}, abstractNote={In two floor pen trials, day-old poults were fed a low-protein (18.6%) diet for the first 24 or 48 h compared with control poults fed a 28% protein diet. Beyond these initial treatments, all poults were treated identically and were fed the normal progression of starter, grower, and finisher diets to market weight. The treatments did not alter market age body weight or feed conversion. Early mortality and feed intake during the first 48 h were unaffected by the treatments. Feeding the low-protein diet for 24 h enhanced liver glycogen reserves compared with the control. In a battery cage trial, diets containing 50, 33, or 15% available carbohydrate (20, 28, or 35% crude protein, respectively) were fed for 24 h posthatch. The diets had no effect on blood glucose level, but liver glycogen concentration increased with increasing dietary carbohydrate. The results clearly indicate that carbohydrate metabolism is altered by posthatch dietary carbohydrate level. The results also suggest that the dietary protein requirement during the first 24 or 48 h posthatch may not be as high as it is currently thought to be.}, number={1}, journal={Poultry Science}, publisher={Elsevier BV}, author={Donaldson, W.E. and Brewer, C.E. and Ferket, P.R. and Christensen, V.L.}, year={1992}, month={Jan}, pages={128–132} }
 @article{havenstein_brake_scheideler_ferket_rives_1992, title={Relationship of broiler sex, age, and body weight to offal yield and organ weights}, volume={72}, number={Supplement 1}, journal={Poultry Science}, author={Havenstein, G.B. and Brake, J. and Scheideler, S.E. and Ferket, P.R. and Rives, D.V.}, year={1992}, pages={29} }
 @inproceedings{ferket_1992, title={Use of barley in growing turkey diets}, booktitle={Proceedings of the 53rd Minnesota Nutrition Conference}, author={Ferket, P.R.}, year={1992}, pages={251–259} }
 @book{ferket_1992, title={Using barley in turkey diets}, number={AG-464}, journal={North Carolina Cooperative Extension Service}, author={Ferket, P.R.}, year={1992}, pages={45–48} }
 @inproceedings{parsons_ferket_1991, title={Alternative dead bird disposal methods--central pickup and fermentation}, booktitle={Proceedings of the Poultry Servicemen's Short Course}, author={Parsons, J. and Ferket, P.R.}, year={1991}, pages={7–20} }
 @inproceedings{ferket_qureshi_garlich_1991, title={Breeder hen age affects progeny performance}, booktitle={Turkeys 14th Technical Turkey Conference}, author={Ferket, P.R. and Qureshi, M.A. and Garlich, J.D.}, year={1991} }
 @article{lee_garlich_ferket_1991, title={Effect of Overcooked Soybean Meal on Turkey Performance}, volume={70}, ISSN={0032-5791}, url={http://dx.doi.org/10.3382/ps.0702509}, DOI={10.3382/ps.0702509}, abstractNote={Three turkey growth experiments were conducted to evaluate the effect of overcooked soybean meal (SBM) on BW gain and gain:feed ratio (FE). On two occasions soybean meals were custom prepared by changing the temperature and the retention time (RT) of the desolventizer-toaster unit at a commercial soybean processing plant. Three different meals were produced for each occasion mainly by altering RT from normal to approximately 1.35 and 2.43 times normal operating conditions (designated SBM1 to 3 on the first occasion and SBM4 to 6 on the second occasion). For SBM1 to 6, urease activities were .06, .00, .20, .01 and .00 delta pH, protein solubilities in .1 M borate at 40 C were 44, 45, 16, 44, 32, and 24%, and protein solubilities in .2% KOH were 86, 84, 76, 90, 85, and 85%, respectively. In two sequential long-term experiments, SBM1 to 3 were fed to turkeys from 0 to 8 wk, then a control (normal processing conditions, SBMF), was fed to the all treatment groups from 8 to 12 wk of age. The SBM4 to 6 were fed from 12 to 18 wk of age after rerandomizing treatment allocation of replicate pens. In the first trial, poults fed SBM3 showed significantly reduced BW gain from 3 wk on and a lower FE shown at 9 wk. No difference in BW gain and FE was observed in the trial from 12 to 18 wk. In a 15-day, short-term experiment starting with 3-day-old poults and feeding diets containing SBM2 to 6, BW gain and FE did not differ among treatment groups. It is concluded that SBM did not show a detrimental effect on turkey growth until it was overcooked by 2.4 times the normal conditions. The usual operating conditions in a commercial processing plant are well within the range for producing adequate SBM for poultry feed.}, number={12}, journal={Poultry Science}, publisher={Elsevier BV}, author={Lee, Heuisuck and Garlich, J.D. and Ferket, P.R.}, year={1991}, month={Dec}, pages={2509–2515} }
 @article{ferket_roberson_nicholson_1991, title={Effect of calcium:phosphorus ratios and manganese source on the performance and leg weakness of market toms}, volume={70}, number={Supplement 1}, journal={Poultry Science}, author={Ferket, P.R. and Roberson, K.D. and Nicholson, L.}, year={1991}, pages={41} }
 @article{ferket_1991, title={Effect of diet on gut microflora of poultry}, number={7}, journal={Zootecnica International}, author={Ferket, P. R.}, year={1991}, pages={44} }
 @article{roberson_hill_ferket_1991, title={Effect of short-term fasting on plasma insulin-like growth factor 1 and tibial dyschondroplasia in broiler chickens}, volume={70}, number={Supplement 1}, journal={Poultry Science}, author={Roberson, K.D. and Hill, C.H. and Ferket, P.R.}, year={1991}, pages={99} }
 @article{nicholson_donaldson_ferket_1991, title={Effects of tyrosine injections on feed consumption in day-old turkey poults}, volume={70}, number={Supplement 1}, journal={Poultry Science}, author={Nicholson, L. and Donaldson, W.E. and Ferket, P.R.}, year={1991}, pages={88} }
 @inproceedings{ferket_scheideler_yoong_ivusic_1991, title={Feasibility of using extruded poultry by-product wastes in least-cost broiler rations}, booktitle={Proceedings of 2nd Annual Research Symposium, Institute of Nutrition}, author={Ferket, P.R. and Scheideler, S.E. and Yoong, C. and Ivusic, S.}, year={1991} }
 @inproceedings{ferket_1991, title={Leg problems in turkey toms--influence of nutrition and management}, booktitle={Turkeys 14th Technical Turkey Conference}, author={Ferket, P.R.}, year={1991} }
 @inproceedings{ferket_1991, title={Management of leg problems and breast buttons}, booktitle={Proceedings of 7th Minnesota Poultry Service Workshop}, author={Ferket, P.R.}, year={1991}, pages={47–49} }
 @inproceedings{ferket_1991, title={NCSU turkey nutrition update}, booktitle={Proceedings of 18th Annual Carolina Poultry Nutrition Conference}, author={Ferket, P.R.}, year={1991}, pages={105–111} }
 @article{ferket_1991, title={Technological advances could make extrusion an economically feasible alternative to pelleting}, volume={63}, number={9}, journal={Feedstuffs}, author={Ferket, P. R.}, year={1991}, pages={1} }
 @article{lee_ferket_shih_1990, title={Amino Acid digestibility of feather-lysate as a feed protein}, volume={4}, number={3}, journal={FASEB Journal}, author={Lee, C.G. and Ferket, P.R. and Shih, J.C.H.}, year={1990}, pages={A383} }
 @article{garlich_zatari_ferket_1990, title={Apparent absorbability of commercial restaurant greases and animal-vegetable fat blend by large turkeys}, volume={69}, number={Supplement 1}, journal={Poultry Science}, author={Garlich, J.D. and Zatari, I.M. and Ferket, P.R.}, year={1990}, pages={155} }
 @article{ferket_sell_1990, title={EFFECT OF EARLY PROTEIN AND ENERGY RESTRICTION OF LARGE TURKEY TOMS FED HIGH-FAT OR LOW-FAT REALIMENTATION DIETS .2. CARCASS CHARACTERISTICS}, volume={69}, ISSN={["0032-5791"]}, DOI={10.3382/ps.0691982}, abstractNote={Abstract Diets were fed to toms from 10 days to 6 wk of age to compare two levels of protein [100% (HP) or 70% (LP) of 1984 National Research Council (NRC) recommendations] in a factorial arrangement with two levels of energy [100% (HE) of 90% (LE) or 1984 NRC reference levels]. Subsequently, the four treatment groups were fed diets containing either 4 or 8% fat, allowing caloric density to increase as the level of fat increased and keeping other nutrients equivalent among the diets. Sample toms were killed at 6, 12, and 20 wk of age to determine carcass composition and organ size. Percentages of dry matter and fat in the carcasses of 6-wk-old toms were increased by LP and decreased by LE (P}, number={11}, journal={POULTRY SCIENCE}, author={FERKET, PR and SELL, JL}, year={1990}, month={Nov}, pages={1982–1990} }
 @article{ferket_sell_1990, title={Effect of Early Protein and Energy Restriction of Large Turkey Toms Fed High-Fat or Low-Fat Realimentation Diets.}, volume={69}, ISSN={0032-5791}, url={http://dx.doi.org/10.3382/ps.0691974}, DOI={10.3382/ps.0691974}, abstractNote={The effect of early protein and energy restriction on the performance of large turkey toms fed a high or low fat realimentation diet was studied. Two levels of protein [100% (HP) and 70% (LP) of 1984 National Research Council (NRC) recommendations] were available ad libitum in a factorial arrangement with two levels of energy [100% (HE) and 90% (LE) of 1984 NRC reference level] to Nicholas toms from 10 days to 6 wk of age. Subsequently, the four treatment groups were fed diets containing either 4 or 8% fat; other nutrients were kept consistent with 1984 NRC recommendations until the toms were 20 wk of age. The LP or LE diets reduced weight gain (WG) and increased feed:gain (F:G) ratio from 10 days to 6 wk of age (P<.005). Feeding LP diets significantly reduced protein consumption per unit gain and increased energy consumption per unit per gain, but the converse was observed with LE. In contrast to toms fed the HP diets, those fed the LP diets from 6 to 20 wk of age were consistently lighter in 20-wk body weight (14.1 kg versus 14.6 kg, P<.005) and had a lower F:G ratio (2.96 versus 3.04, P<.005). Toms fed the LE diets were lighter than those fed HE diets until 18 wk (P<.05), and they had a lower F:G ratio (2.97 versus 3.03, P<.05) from 6 to 20 wk of age. Supplemental fat increased WG and decreased F:G ratio during realimentation, but interaction effects of fat with protein or energy were not observed. Toms responded more favorably to early protein than energy restriction, regardless of the fat content of the realimentation diet}, number={11}, journal={Poultry Science}, publisher={Elsevier BV}, author={Ferket, Peter R. and Sell, Jerry L.}, year={1990}, month={Nov}, pages={1974–1981} }
 @inproceedings{ferket_qureshi_1990, title={Effect of Vitamin Stress Paks on Broiler Performance and Immunity}, booktitle={Proceedings of the BASF Technical Symposium}, author={Ferket, P.R. and Qureshi, M.A.}, year={1990} }
 @inproceedings{ferket_1990, title={Effect of diet on Gut Microflora of Poultry}, booktitle={Proceedings of the 27th Annual Georgia Nutrition Conference}, author={Ferket, P.R.}, year={1990} }
 @article{zatari_ferket_scheideler_1990, title={Effect of pellet integrity, calcium lignosulfonate, and dietary energy on the performance of summer-raised broiler chickens}, volume={69}, number={Supplement 1}, journal={Poultry Science}, author={Zatari, I.M. and Ferket, P.R. and Scheideler, S.E.}, year={1990}, pages={198} }
 @article{ferket_qureshi_garlich_krueger_1990, title={Egg/poult size and breeder hen age affects performance of commercial turkey toms}, volume={69}, number={Supplement 1}, journal={Poultry Science}, author={Ferket, P.R. and Qureshi, M.A. and Garlich, J.D. and Krueger, K.K.}, year={1990}, pages={50} }
 @book{ferket_davis_1990, title={Feeding Ducks}, number={2}, journal={Poultry Science FACTS}, author={Ferket, P.R. and Davis, G.S.}, year={1990} }
 @article{ferket_1990, title={Get Ready for Hot Weather!}, volume={VI}, journal={Feed Management Guide for Poultry Extension Poultry Science Newsletter}, author={Ferket, P.R.}, year={1990}, month={May}, pages={G-1} }
 @article{owings_reynolds_hasiak_ferket_1990, title={Influence of Dietary Supplementation with Streptococcus faecium M-74 on Broiler Body Weight, Feed Conversion, Carcass Characteristics, and Intestinal Microbial Colonization}, volume={69}, ISSN={0032-5791}, url={http://dx.doi.org/10.3382/ps.0691257}, DOI={10.3382/ps.0691257}, abstractNote={Two experiments were conducted to determine the influence of Streptococcus faecium M-74 supplementation of broiler diets. Mixed-sex or male only chicks were used in the experiments. Both experiments consisted of six dietary treatments and four replicates per treatment in a randomized block design. The S. faecium was fed alone for 21, 36, or 44 days or for 44 days with S. faecium supplemented in the water for the first 14 days. In another treatment, S. faecium was fed for 44 days, but the feed was restricted for Days 8 through 13. The S. faecium was also fed in combination with antibacterial products (AP) for 44 days. An additional diet was an unsupplemented basal, and another was supplemented only with AP. In Experiment 1, feed efficiency was significantly better with the basal and diets supplemented with S. faecium than with those diets supplemented with AP or AP and S. faecium. In Experiment 2, BW of broilers at 44 days of age were significantly heavier for broilers receiving S. faecium in the feed and also S. faecium in the water for the first 14 days as compared with broilers receiving AP or AP and S. faecium supplementation. There were no significant differences in carcass yield or composition characteristics. In Experiment 1, the scores representing S. faecium colonies found in the intestinal tract were not influenced by dietary treatment. The ceca had the highest S. faecium score of any of the intestinal tract locations.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)}, number={8}, journal={Poultry Science}, publisher={Elsevier BV}, author={Owings, W.J. and Reynolds, D.L. and Hasiak, R.J. and Ferket, P.R.}, year={1990}, month={Aug}, pages={1257–1264} }
 @inproceedings{ferket_1990, title={North Carolina Turkey Nutrition Update}, booktitle={Proceedings of the 51st Minnesota Nutrition Conference}, author={Ferket, P.R.}, year={1990}, pages={260–267} }
 @inproceedings{ferket_1990, place={Fresno, CA}, title={Nutrition and Gut Microflora of Poultry}, booktitle={Proceedings of the Biozyme Technical Symposium}, publisher={Biozyme Enterprises, Inc}, author={Ferket, P.R.}, year={1990}, pages={68–75} }
 @inproceedings{ferket_1990, title={Nutrition and Leg Problems in Turkey Toms}, booktitle={Proceedings of the Arkansas Nutrition Conference}, author={Ferket, P.R.}, year={1990}, pages={74–85} }
 @inproceedings{ferket_1990, title={Nutrition and Leg Weakness in turkeys}, booktitle={Proceedings of the California Animal Nutrition Conference}, author={Ferket, P.R.}, year={1990}, pages={72–83} }
 @article{alvi_ferket_garlich_1990, title={Prophylactic effect of elevated levels of ferrous sulfate on broilers fed high levels of cottonseed meal}, volume={69}, number={Supplement 1}, journal={Poultry Science}, author={Alvi, T.A. and Ferket, P.R. and Garlich, J.D.}, year={1990}, pages={6} }
 @article{roberson_hill_ferket_1990, title={Response of broilers to inorganic and methionine complexed manganese at two Ca/P ratios}, volume={69}, number={Supplement 1}, journal={Poultry Science}, author={Roberson, K.D. and Hill, C.H. and Ferket, P.R.}, year={1990}, pages={112} }
 @article{zatari_ferket_1990, title={The effect of enzyme supplementation of corn-soy diets on the performance of broilers}, volume={69}, number={Supplement 1}, journal={Poultry Science}, author={Zatari, I.M. and Ferket, P.R.}, year={1990}, pages={149} }
 @inproceedings{ferket_qureshi_garlich_krueger_1990, title={Turkey Breeder Age and Progeny Performance}, booktitle={Proceedings of the Carolina Poultry Nutrition Conference}, author={Ferket, P.R. and Qureshi, M.A. and Garlich, J.D. and Krueger, K.K.}, year={1990}, pages={36–40} }
 @article{scheideler_ferket_1989, title={Acclimation of poultry to heat stress and water supplements to use during heat stress}, volume={V-G}, number={1}, journal={Extension Poultry Science Newsletter}, author={Scheideler, S.E. and Ferket, P.R.}, year={1989}, month={Apr} }
 @article{ferket_sell_1989, title={Effect of Severity of Early Protein Restriction on Large Turkey Toms.}, volume={68}, ISSN={0032-5791}, url={http://dx.doi.org/10.3382/ps.0680687}, DOI={10.3382/ps.0680687}, abstractNote={The effect of early protein (Pr) nutrition on the carcass characteristics of turkey toms was studied. Four levels of dietary protein [100, 80, 70, or 60% of National Research Council (NRC) recommendations in 1984] were fed as isocaloric diets ad libitum from 1 to 6 wk of age. Subsequently, the four treatment groups were fed according to NRC recommendations in 1984 to 20 wk of age. Toms from all treatment groups were sampled at 6, 12, and 20 wk of age, and New York-dressed carcasses were evaluated for chemical composition and yield of commercial cuts. Fat and DM content in the carcass increased, whereas ash and crude Pr content decreased as the toms aged. Yields of breast and back increased, drumsticks and wings decreased, and thighs did not change as the toms aged. At 6 wk, percentages of carcass Pr and ash were not affected by Pr, but fat increased linearly as the level of Pr decreased (P less than .005). Breast and thigh meat yields decreased, and skin yield increased as the level of Pr decreased. Yields of bone and other carcass parts were not influenced by Pr. At 12 and 20 wk, breast and thigh meat yields and chemical composition were restored to normal proportions, irrespective of early Pr nutrition. At 20 wk of age, only breast yield was significantly reduced by 60% Pr (P less than .05). The amount of dietary Pr consumed per carcass Pr gain decreased at all stages of growth as the level of Pr decreased. Early Pr had minimal effects on relative organ weights. Toms recover from the effects of early Pr restriction on carcass parts, but restriction to the 60% level may reduce breast meat yield.}, number={5}, journal={Poultry Science}, publisher={Elsevier BV}, author={Ferket, P.R. and Sell, J.L.}, year={1989}, month={May}, pages={687–697} }
 @article{ferket_sell_1989, title={Effect of Severity of Early Protein Restriction on Large Turkey Toms.}, volume={68}, ISSN={0032-5791}, url={http://dx.doi.org/10.3382/ps.0680676}, DOI={10.3382/ps.0680676}, abstractNote={The effect of early protein (Pr) nutrition on compensatory growth and leg weakness of turkey toms was studied. Four levels of dietary Pr [100, 80, 70, or 60% of National Research Council (NRC) recommendations in 1984] were fed ad libitum in isocaloric diets from 1 to 6 wk of age. Subsequently, the four treatment groups were fed a common diet within age periods according to NRC (1984) Pr levels. As the level of Pr decreased, body weight at 6 wk decreased (2.23, 1.94, 1.63, and 1.39 kg, respectively, P less than .005) and 1 to 6-wk feed:grain ratios increased. Weight gains from 6 to 20 wk of age were the same for all treatment groups. Thus, a significant carry-over effect of Pr on body weight was still evident at 20 wk of age (15.5, 15.2, 14.9, and 14.5 kg, respectively, P less than .005). Feed consumption decreased linearly through 16 wk of age as Pr decreased. Feed:gain ratios from 6 to 20 wk of age decreased (3.25, 3.20, 3.14, and 3.13, respectively, P less than .05), and Pr consumption:gain ratios from 1 to 20 wk decreased (.596, .551, .546, and .543, respectively, P less than .005) as the level of Pr decreased. However, the cumulative feed:gain ratio from 1 to 20 wk of age was not affected by Pr. The 60 or 70% level of dietary Pr resulted in 60% fewer toms with severe leg weakness at 18 wk of age than the 100% level of dietary Pr. Toms have limited ability for compensatory weight gain within the realimentation time allowed, regardless of the level of Pr fed from 1 to 6 wk. However, significant savings in dietary Pr and reduced leg weakness may be economically beneficial when Pr is restricted to 70% of the 1984 NRC recommendations during early growth.}, number={5}, journal={Poultry Science}, publisher={Elsevier BV}, author={Ferket, P.R. and Sell, J.L.}, year={1989}, month={May}, pages={676–686} }
 @article{ferket_brewer_grimes_1989, title={Effect of level of supplemental -glucanase in barley-soy diets on the performance of market turkey toms}, volume={68}, number={Supplement 1}, journal={Poultry Science}, author={Ferket, P.R. and Brewer, C.E. and Grimes, J.L.}, year={1989}, pages={181} }
 @article{ferket_scheideler_jackson_1989, title={Effects of dietary protein, amino acid (AA) supplementation and early protein restriction on carcass yield and composition of roasters}, volume={68}, number={Supplement 1}, journal={Poultry Science}, author={Ferket, P.R. and Scheideler, S.E. and Jackson, M.E.}, year={1989}, pages={53} }
 @article{ferket_scheideler_jackson_1989, title={Effects of dietary protein, amino acid (AA) supplementation and early protein restriction on the performance of roasters}, volume={68}, number={Supplement 1}, journal={Poultry Science}, author={Ferket, P.R. and Scheideler, S.E. and Jackson, M.E.}, year={1989}, pages={53} }
 @article{ferket_brewer_grimes_1989, title={Encapsulation of -glucanase supplemented to barley-soy diets of market turkey toms}, volume={68}, number={Supplement 1}, journal={Poultry Science}, author={Ferket, P.R. and Brewer, C.E. and Grimes, J.L.}, year={1989}, pages={182} }
 @book{ferket_1989, title={Feeding Bobwhite Quail}, number={44}, journal={Extension Poultry Science Technology Guide}, institution={North Carolina State University}, author={Ferket, P.R.}, year={1989} }
 @article{ferket_1989, title={Mycotoxins and Poultry Management}, volume={V-G}, number={2}, journal={Extension Poultry Science Newsletter}, author={Ferket, P.R.}, year={1989}, month={May} }
 @inproceedings{ferket_1989, title={Nutrition and management programs to alter turkey composition}, booktitle={Proceedings of the 1989 Nutrition Institute, National Feed Ingredient Association}, author={Ferket, P.R.}, year={1989} }
 @article{sell_ferket_angel_scheideler_escribano_zatari_1989, title={Performance and carcass characteristics of toms as influenced by dietary protein}, volume={68}, number={Supplement 1}, journal={Poultry Science}, author={Sell, J. and Ferket, P.R. and Angel, R. and Scheideler, S.E. and Escribano, F. and Zatari, I.M.}, year={1989}, pages={131} }
 @article{sell_ferket_angel_scheideler_escribano_zatari_1989, title={Performance and carcass characteristics of turkey toms as influenced by dietary protein and metabolizable energy}, volume={40}, journal={International Journal of Nutrition}, author={Sell, J.L. and Ferket, P.R. and Angel, C.R. and Scheideler, S.E. and Escribano, F. and Zatari, I.}, year={1989}, pages={979–992} }
 @article{ferket_qureshi_1989, title={Performance and immune function of heat-stressed broilers fed vitamin and electrolyte supplemented water}, volume={68}, number={Supplement 1}, journal={Poultry Science}, author={Ferket, P.R. and Qureshi, M.A.}, year={1989}, pages={53} }
 @book{ferket_jones_1989, title={Poultry Science Special Report: Poultry Feed Ingredient Annual Quality Report, 1988}, institution={North Carolina State University}, author={Ferket, P.R. and Jones, F.T.}, year={1989}, month={Aug} }
 @book{ferket_jones_1989, title={Summary of Ingredient Data: Apr - June}, journal={Feed Ingredient Quality Memorandum}, institution={North Carolina State University}, author={Ferket, P.R. and Jones, F.T.}, year={1989}, month={Sep} }
 @book{ferket_jones_1989, title={Summary of Ingredient Data: Jan. - Mar.}, number={65}, journal={Feed Ingredient Quality Memorandum}, author={Ferket, P.R. and Jones, F.T.}, year={1989} }
 @book{ferket_jones_1989, title={Summary of Ingredient Data: Oct. - Dec. 1988}, number={64}, journal={Feed Ingredient Quality Memorandum}, institution={North Carolina State University}, author={Ferket, P.R. and Jones, F.T.}, year={1989}, month={Feb} }
 @article{brewer_ferket_1989, title={The effect of pellet integrity and lignosulfonate on performance of growing toms}, volume={68}, number={Supplement 1}, journal={Poultry Science}, author={Brewer, C.E. and Ferket, P.R.}, year={1989}, pages={18} }
 @article{garlich_ferket_rives_1989, title={Tolerance of turkeys to acidulated soapstock and bound gossypol}, volume={68}, number={Supplement 1}, journal={Poultry Science}, author={Garlich, J.D. and Ferket, P.R. and Rives, D.V.}, year={1989}, pages={57} }
 @inproceedings{ferket_1988, title={Current concepts of amino acid nutrition in turkeys}, booktitle={Heartland Lysine Symposium}, author={Ferket, P.R.}, year={1988} }
 @article{ferket_1988, title={Early Protein Restriction Reduces Leg Problems 50 Percent}, journal={Poultry Tips}, publisher={University of Georgia}, author={Ferket, P.R.}, year={1988}, month={Jun} }
 @article{owings_ferket_1988, title={Feeding streptococcus faecium M-74 to broilers}, volume={67}, number={Supplement 1}, journal={Poultry Science}, author={Owings, W.J. and Ferket, P.R.}, year={1988}, pages={132} }
 @article{owings_sell_ferket_hasiak_1988, title={Growth Performance and Carcass Composition of Turkey Hens Fed Corn Gluten Feed}, volume={67}, ISSN={0032-5791}, url={http://dx.doi.org/10.3382/ps.0670585}, DOI={10.3382/ps.0670585}, abstractNote={Female poults were fed diets containing 0, 10, or 20% corn gluten feed (CGF) from 0 to 16 wk of age or no CGF from 0 to 9 wk and 20% CGF from 9 to 16 wk of age. All diets were formulated to be isonitrogenous and isocaloric, within each age interval. Diets containing CGF had no significant effect on body weight gain, feed efficiency, yield of carcass parts, or carcass composition, as compared with effects of feeding a corn-soybean meal control diet. However, age of slaughter, 14 vs. 16 wk, had a significant effect on the proportion of breast meat, breast bone, thigh skin, thigh bone, and drums. Carcasses were significantly higher in protein and lower in fat at 14 wk than at 16 wk of age. Results suggest CGF can successfully constitute up to 10% of the diet of growing turkey hens. The use of CGF in turkey diets up to this level would be governed by the economics of the nutrient supply. At 20% of the diet, the tendency for CGF to induce moist droppings may impose a restriction on its use, and the degree of restriction would depend on the housing-management situation.}, number={4}, journal={Poultry Science}, publisher={Elsevier BV}, author={Owings, W.J. and Sell, J.L. and Ferket, P. and Hasiak, R.J.}, year={1988}, month={Apr}, pages={585–589} }
 @article{ferket_1988, title={Malabsorption Syndrome in Broilers and Turkeys}, volume={IV-N}, number={1}, journal={North Carolina State University Nutrition Newsletter}, author={Ferket, P.R.}, year={1988}, month={Jul} }
 @article{sell_scheideler_ferket_angel_escribrano_zatari_1988, title={Parts yield and composition of carcasses of tom turkeys in relation to body weight}, volume={67}, number={Supplement 1}, journal={Poultry Science}, author={Sell, J.L. and Scheideler, S.E. and Ferket, P.R. and Angel, R. and Escribrano, F. and Zatari, I.M.}, year={1988}, pages={153} }
 @article{ferket_1988, title={Suggestions for Dietary Adjustments in Hot Weather}, volume={32}, number={4-9}, journal={Nicholas Turkey News}, author={Ferket, P.R.}, year={1988}, month={Apr} }
 @book{ferket_jones_1988, title={Summary of Ingredient Data: April - June, 1988}, number={62}, journal={Feed Ingredient Quality Memorandum}, institution={North Carolina State University}, author={Ferket, P.R. and Jones, F.T.}, year={1988}, month={Sep} }
 @book{ferket_jones_1988, title={Summary of Ingredient Data: January - March, 1988}, number={61}, journal={Feed Ingredient Quality Memorandum}, institution={North Carolina State University}, author={Ferket, P.R. and Jones, F.T.}, year={1988}, month={Sep} }
 @book{ferket_jones_1988, title={Summary of Ingredient Data: July - Sept., 1988}, number={63}, journal={Feed Ingredient Quality Memorandum}, institution={North Carolina State University}, author={Ferket, P.R. and Jones, F.T.}, year={1988}, month={Nov} }
 @article{kaiser_ferket_lamont_1987, title={Effect of age on immunocompetence of turkeys}, volume={66}, number={Supplement 1}, journal={Poultry Science}, author={Kaiser, M. and Ferket, P.R. and Lamont, S.J.}, year={1987}, pages={122} }
 @article{ferket_sell_1987, title={Effect of early protein and energy restriction on plasma VLDL levels in turkeys}, volume={46}, number={4}, journal={Federation Proceedings}, author={Ferket, P.R. and Sell, J.L.}, year={1987}, pages={1334} }
 @article{ferket_sell_1987, title={Effect of severity of early protein restriction and subsequent realimentation on structural development and carcass composition of large turkey toms}, volume={66}, number={Supplement 1}, journal={Poultry Science}, author={Ferket, P.R. and Sell, J.L.}, year={1987}, pages={99} }
 @article{ferket_sell_1987, title={Effect of severity of protein restriction from 1 to 6 weeks of age and subsequent realimentation on the performance of large turkey toms}, volume={66}, number={Supplement 1}, journal={Poultry Science}, author={Ferket, P.R. and Sell, J.L.}, year={1987}, pages={99} }
 @article{moran_ferket_lun_1987, title={Impact of High Dietary Vomitoxin on Yolk Yield and Embryonic Mortality}, volume={66}, ISSN={0032-5791}, url={http://dx.doi.org/10.3382/ps.0660977}, DOI={10.3382/ps.0660977}, abstractNote={Single Comb White Leghorn hens at 58 weeks of age were given control (C) and vomitoxin (V)-contaminated feed for 4 weeks; then the V treatment was changed to C for 2 subsequent weeks. Fusarium graminearum-infected corn was substituted for sound corn to attain a practical extreme of 38 ppm V. Hen-day production, feed consumption, body weight, and gross pathology were the same between treatments. Egg weight, internal quality, and shell strength were not adversely affected; however, dietary V led to a small reduction in the percentage of yolk while albumen increased. Solids content of both egg components remained unchanged, and no V as such could be detected (less than .2 ppm). Presence of toxic V metabolites in the egg were indicated by increased (although still low) embryonic mortality upon incubation. Improvement in yolk yield and relief from germ losses occurred 1 week after the change from V to C feed. Overall responses to present extreme circumstances were no greater than variation occurring between weeks, and problems in practice seem remote.}, number={6}, journal={Poultry Science}, publisher={Elsevier BV}, author={Moran, E.T. and Ferket, P.R. and Lun, A.K.}, year={1987}, month={Jun}, pages={977–982} }
 @article{ferket_moran_1986, title={Effect of Plane of Nutrition from Starting to and Through the Breeder Period on Reproductive Performance of Hen Turkeys}, volume={65}, ISSN={0032-5791}, url={http://dx.doi.org/10.3382/ps.0651581}, DOI={10.3382/ps.0651581}, abstractNote={Large-type breeder hens were given high (HP) and low (LP) planes of nutrition from day of age to 31 weeks of age. Rearing treatments were then divided, and each was fed HP and LP breeder feeds to 57 weeks. Protein and metabolizable energy (ME) levels of the HP feeds approximated NRC (1977) recommendations, while LP feeds largely involved substitution of corn, fat, and soybean meal for wheat, barley, and oats, such that ME/protein ratio and relative content of essential amino acids were similar between treatments, respective of age. The LP rearing regimen led to reduced hen body weight at 31 weeks. Combining the LP rearing with LP breeder regimen resulted in continuously lighter weights than occurred with the other three treatments to 57 weeks. Carcass fat based on finish grade of sample hens was lower after LP than HP rearing at both 31 and 57 weeks, while the breeder treatments were without effect. Experimental variables neither influenced egg production nor egg weight, but a reduction in the proportion of yolk occurred that was attributable to LP rearing and to a lesser extent the LP breeder feed. Apparent fertility improved with hens that had been LP reared, while feeding the LP breeder led to reduced pip losses, but only if eggs were set within 7 days of being laid. The converse occurred with eggs set after 7 days storage.}, number={8}, journal={Poultry Science}, publisher={Elsevier BV}, author={Ferket, P.R. and Moran, E.T.}, year={1986}, month={Aug}, pages={1581–1590} }
 @article{ferket_sell_1986, title={Effect of protein and/or energy restrictions during early growth on subsequent structural development, organ size, and carcass composition of large turkey toms given high or low fat diets}, volume={45}, number={3}, journal={Federation Proceedings}, author={Ferket, P.R. and Sell, J.L.}, year={1986}, pages={607} }
 @article{ferket_sell_nissen_1986, title={Performance of growing turkey hens as influenced by early protein nutrition and feeding of 2-Ketoisocaproate}, volume={65}, number={Supplement 1}, journal={Poultry Science}, author={Ferket, P.R. and Sell, J.L. and Nissen, S.}, year={1986}, pages={42} }
 @article{ferket_moran_1985, title={Effect of Plane of Nutrition from Starting Through the Breeder Period on the Reproductive Performance of Tom Turkeys}, volume={64}, ISSN={0032-5791}, url={http://dx.doi.org/10.3382/ps.0642110}, DOI={10.3382/ps.0642110}, abstractNote={Large type breeder toms were given high (HP) or low (LP) planes of nutrition from hatching to 29 weeks of age. Birds from each rearing treatment were divided and HP or LP breeder rations were fed to 58 weeks. Protein and energy levels of the HP feeds approximated National Research Council (NRC, 1977) recommendations while LP feeds involved substitution of corn, fat, and soybean meal for wheat, barley, and oats. Energy-protein ratio and relative essential amino acid levels were similar between treatment, respective of age. Toms given LP feeds weighed less than HP through the first 9 weeks after hatching, but they were similar thereafter until 29 weeks. Reduction in feed conversion with the LP regimen was only significant during the 18 to 21-week interval. Feed intake during the breeder period was unaffected by treatments. Toms receiving the LP breeder feed reduced their weight, particularly when preceded by LP rearing. Mortality was inversely related to average body weight with each treatment. Reproductive capacity, as judged from semen yield and sperm concentration, was more favorable when toms were reared on LP than HP feeds but only during the first few weeks of the breeder period. The LP feed given through the breeder period also proved more favorable than HP feed, particularly at the end of production. Carcass evaluations at 29 and 58 weeks indicated that the LP regimens reduced depot fat while increasing relative testes weight.}, number={11}, journal={Poultry Science}, publisher={Elsevier BV}, author={Ferket, P.R. and Moran, E.T.}, year={1985}, month={Nov}, pages={2110–2118} }
 @article{ferket_sell_1985, title={Effect of protein and/or energy restrictions from 10 days to 6 weeks of age on subsequent performance of large turkey toms given high or low fat diets}, volume={64}, number={Supplement 1}, journal={Poultry Science}, author={Ferket, P.R. and Sell, J.L.}, year={1985}, pages={100} }
 @article{moran_poste_ferket_agar_1984, title={Response of Large Tom Turkeys Differing in Growth Characteristics to Divergent Feeding Systems: Performance, Carcass Quality, and Sensory Evaluation}, volume={63}, ISSN={0032-5791}, url={http://dx.doi.org/10.3382/ps.0631778}, DOI={10.3382/ps.0631778}, abstractNote={Abstract A. feeding system representing North American (NA) circumstance was compared with a successful extreme used in the European Economic Community (EEC) on three strains of large toms [Nicholas, British United (BUT), and Hybrid]. The NA system used six feeds to 24 weeks based on National Research Council (1977) specifications with corn, soybean meal, and fat as primary ingredients. The EEC extreme further employed fish meal, wheat, and barley in five feeds. Each EEC feed had a lower energy level and energy-protein ratio than the respective NA feed with these differences increasing from starting to finish. The BUT toms had the heaviest final body weight and the EEC system supported better gain with this strain than the NA system. Nicholas and Hybrid toms had equivalent final weights with each feeding system eliciting similar gains. Marketing at 20 and 24 weeks gave the same relative weight results. Additional finish, fleshing, and breast yields by Nicholas at 20 weeks indicated an advanced maturity compared to the other strains. Sensory evaluation on cooked grade A carcasses at 20 weeks favored Nicholas in a comparison with BUT. Overall results indicated that the strains differed in growth characteristics, particularly between 12 and 20 weeks with the onset of sexual maturity. Interaction between strain and feeding system at this time was attributed to different energy-protein needs rather than involving number of feeds, time sequencing, feedstuffs used, or plane of nutrition.}, number={9}, journal={Poultry Science}, publisher={Elsevier BV}, author={Moran, E.T. and Poste, L.M. and Ferket, P.R. and Agar, V.}, year={1984}, month={Sep}, pages={1778–1792} }
 @article{ferket_moran_1983, title={Effect of low plane nutrition from starting to and through reproduction on performance of turkey hens}, volume={62}, number={Supplement 1}, journal={Poultry Science}, author={Ferket, P.R. and Moran, E.T., Jr}, year={1983}, pages={1221} }
 @inproceedings{moran_ferket_hunter_young_1983, title={Effect of vomitoxin contaminated corn on poultry production}, booktitle={Proceedings of the Maryland Nutrition Conference}, author={Moran, E.T., Jr. and Ferket, P.R. and Hunter, B. and Young, L.G.}, year={1983}, pages={61–65} }
 @article{moran_ferket_etches_blackman_1983, title={Influence of a Low Plane of Nutrition During Sexual Development on Subsequent Reproductive Performance of Small White Breeder Toms}, volume={62}, ISSN={0032-5791}, url={http://dx.doi.org/10.3382/ps.0621093}, DOI={10.3382/ps.0621093}, abstractNote={Diamond White and Wrolstad breeder toms were reared to 10 weeks of age on a common nutritional regimen. Both strains were subsequently given high and low planes of nutrition to 30 weeks. Low nutrient feeds were ca. 200 kcal of metabolizable energy (ME)/kg less than high nutrient feeds, which paralleled commercial practice. Energy-protein ratio and essential amino acid profiles between nutrient levels were similar. Both planes were phased down ca. 200 kcal ME/kg between the feeds from 10 to 14 weeks to 14 to 30 weeks. All birds subsequently received the same breeder ration. Diamond Whites were heavier than Wrolstads from 2 through 10 weeks of age. Feeding the low plane of nutrition reduced body weight of both strains at 14 weeks. Growth during the 14- to 30-week-period was such that birds given the low plane feeds recovered earlier losses, and Wrolstads became heavier than Diamond Whites. Although no differences in body weight occurred throughout the breeder period that could be attributed to earlier nutrition, the low plane feeds led to significant improvements in semen and sperm yield during the early and late stages. Wrolstads accrued more fat and benefited more from the low plane of nutrition than did Diamond Whites. Results inferred that reducing fat accretion early in sexual maturity improves subsequent reproductive capacity apart from an alteration in body weight.}, number={6}, journal={Poultry Science}, publisher={Elsevier BV}, author={Moran, E.T. and Ferket, P.R. and Etches, R.J. and Blackman, J.R.}, year={1983}, month={Jun}, pages={1093–1100} }
 @article{moran_ferket_blackman_1983, title={Maintenance Nitrogen Requirement of the Turkey Breeder Hen with an Estimate of Associated Essential Amino Acid Needs}, volume={62}, ISSN={0032-5791}, url={http://dx.doi.org/10.3382/ps.0621823}, DOI={10.3382/ps.0621823}, abstractNote={Nonproducing, small-type breeder hens in excess of 65 weeks of age were used to represent the maintenance state. All birds had been in laying cages since 30 weeks and accustomed to 16 hr of 70 lx lighting at 16 C. Nitrogen (N) balance was performed in metabolism cages under the same conditions. Ad libitum intake of a common breeder ration led to an intake of ca. 47 kcal metabolizable energy (ME)/kg body weight (BW)/day, which was considered to represent the maintenace energy requirement. Nitrogen retained while consuming this feed averaged 172 mg/kg BW/day. Force-feeding a N-free diet to satisfy the maintenance energy requirement resulted in an 85 mg N/kg BW/day endogenous loss. Total maintenance nitrogen requirement was considered to approximate 257 mg/kg BW/day. Nitrogen retention after force-feeding corn-soybean meal rations having a progressive protein content indicated that the associated amino acids were more efficient in satisfying the endogenous than the total N requirement. A model that estimated maintenance amino acid requirements was assembled by combining the relative concentrations found in muscle and feathers to represent endogenous and retained N, respectively. For the most part, model values agreed with published results for the rooster; however, verification in balance studies was less than successful and believed to be attributable to hen variation in feather cover and protein reserves.}, number={9}, journal={Poultry Science}, publisher={Elsevier BV}, author={Moran, E.T. and Ferket, P.R. and Blackman, J.R.}, year={1983}, month={Sep}, pages={1823–1829} }
 @article{moran_ferket_blackman_1983, title={Maintenance nitrogen requirement of the small white turkey breeder hen}, volume={61}, number={Supplement 1}, journal={Poultry Science}, author={Moran, E.T., Jr. and Ferket, P.R. and Blackman, J.R.}, year={1983}, pages={1516} }
 @inproceedings{moran_hunter_ferket_young_1983, title={Vomitoxin contaminated grain in laying rations}, booktitle={Proceedings of the University of Guelph Poultry Industry School}, author={Moran, E.T., Jr. and Hunter, B. and Ferket, P.R. and Young, L.G.}, year={1983}, pages={13–16} }
 @article{ferket_moran_1982, title={Effect of low plane nutrition from starting through the breeder period on the reproductive performance of large white toms}, volume={61}, number={Supplement 1}, journal={Poultry Science}, author={Ferket, P.R. and Moran, E.T., Jr}, year={1982}, pages={1464} }
 @article{moran_hunter_ferket_young_mcgirr_1982, title={High Tolerance of Broilers to Vomitoxin from Corn Infected with Fusarium graminearum}, volume={61}, ISSN={0032-5791}, url={http://dx.doi.org/10.3382/ps.0611828}, DOI={10.3382/ps.0611828}, abstractNote={Corn purposely infected with Fusarium graminearum was found to contain 800 to 900 mg vomitoxin/kg. Contaminated corn was substituted for control corn at 0, 6, 12, 18, and 24% in a corn-soybean meal ration. Broiler cockerels were given each experimental diet from 6 to 11 days of age; then sample groups were necropsied. Remaining birds were subsequently offered commercial starter for 2 days and sample groups again necropsied. Growth and diet consumption were not significantly reduced until contaminated corn exceeded 12% of the ration (116 mg vomitoxin/kg). Alertness, coordination, and feathering appeared normal regardless of treatment. Birds that received contaminated corn exhibited plaques in the mouth and gizzard erosions proportional to the level of substitution. All lesions were generally restricted to the epithelial layer and no liver or kidney involvement could be demonstrated. A short return to uncontaminated feed eliminated most lesions. Fowl appear to be considerably more tolerant of vomitoxin than swine.}, number={9}, journal={Poultry Science}, publisher={Elsevier BV}, author={Moran, E.T. and Hunter, B. and Ferket, P. and Young, L.G. and McGIRR, L.G.}, year={1982}, month={Sep}, pages={1828–1831} }
 @inproceedings{moran_hunter_ferket_young_1982, title={Performance and lesions with broiler chicks fed progressive levels of vomitoxin contaminated corn}, booktitle={Proceedings of University of Guelph Poultry Industry School}, author={Moran, E.T., Jr. and Hunter, B. and Ferket, P.R. and Young, L.G.}, year={1982}, pages={17–20} }
 @inproceedings{ferket, title={Nutritional effects on enteric disorders, 1996}, booktitle={Proceedings of Symposium on Enteric Disease Control, American Association of Avian Pathologists}, author={Ferket, P.R.}, pages={17–21} }