@article{kropat_laleicke_acosta_2022, title={Towards Inline Prediction of Color Development for Wood Stained with Chemical Stains Using Near-Infrared Spectroscopy}, volume={72}, ISSN={["0015-7473"]}, DOI={10.13073/FPJ-D-22-00021}, abstractNote={Abstract The chemical composition of wood determines the color development when applying chemical stains to the surface of wood. However, different species and individuals from the same species can show variations in the chemical composition, resulting in the risk of nonuniform color development in industrial staining processes between different batches of wood. In the present study, near-infrared (NIR) models were developed to predict wood specimen color development after applying three different concentrations of the chemical stains iron acetate and sodium bicarbonate. The modeling dataset included the NIR spectra of the untreated wood, stain treatment, concentration, and the International Commission on Illumination (CIE) L*a*b* color value before stain application for 210 specimens from five commercial wood species, including red oak (Quercus rubra), white oak (Quercus alba), yellow poplar (Liriodendron tulipifera), southern yellow pine (Pinus spp.), and western red cedar (Thuja plicata). The models were developed by partial least squares regression (PLSR), using 13 different mathematical transformations on the NIR spectra as well as the raw spectral data. Models with single stains and global-species/stain models were developed and compared. The models for iron acetate showed promising results in predicting the color development with the coefficient of determination for cross-validation ( ≥ 0.92), while the models for sodium bicarbonate showed acceptable results with of 0.71 to 0.89. However, a global model including both stains resulted in an unsatisfying prediction of the CIE L*a*b* color values, with of 0.46 to 0.76. The NIR models can be useful for online predictions of color development in industrial staining processes of wood with chemical stains.}, number={2}, journal={FOREST PRODUCTS JOURNAL}, author={Kropat, Marcel and Laleicke, Paul Frederik and Acosta, Juan Jose}, year={2022}, pages={130–139} }
 @article{laleicke_tilotta_mitchell_byington_2021, title={Evaluation of Low-Cost Moisture Meters for Wood}, volume={49}, ISSN={["1945-7553"]}, DOI={10.1520/JTE20190241}, abstractNote={Wood moisture meters are needed for a variety of purposes, including home inspections, assessment of water damage, evaluation of firewood, do-it-yourself (DIY) projects, and many more. With an increasing number of flood events, moisture-induced damage to the built environment will become more common. Monitoring of moisture in wood is one of the most important factors in damage assessment and control and thus, aid and guidance for the selection process of a meter is needed. Resistance and dielectric meters are commonly used to estimate the moisture content of wood products. They have become inexpensive and widely available to the public. This study tested the precision and accuracy of eight low-cost handheld moisture meters and compared them to three industrial-grade moisture meters. A general observation of this study is that moisture meters below 0 generally perform well. Differences in accuracy were found among meters. It was observed that meters come with different features, such as a custom density selector and visual elements to enhance the metering experience. These features were not taken into account for the evaluation, since they are difficult to objectively judge.}, number={5}, journal={JOURNAL OF TESTING AND EVALUATION}, author={Laleicke, Paul Frederik and Tilotta, David C. and Mitchell, Phil H. and Byington, Matthew}, year={2021}, month={Sep}, pages={3333–3343} }
 @article{laleicke_kamke_2018, title={A capacitive multi-wavelength sensor for moisture content gradient sensing in wood}, volume={52}, ISSN={["1432-5225"]}, DOI={10.1007/s00226-018-0988-z}, number={3}, journal={WOOD SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY}, author={Laleicke, Paul Frederik and Kamke, Frederick A.}, year={2018}, month={May}, pages={717–732} }
 @article{portugal_lawrence_laleicke_sinha_2018, title={Technical note: A preliminary study to quantify the environmental impacts of concrete and cork flooring}, volume={50}, DOI={10.22382/wfs-2018-011}, abstractNote={Cross-laminated timber (CLT) is currently sought as a sustainable and green building material. It does not meet the International Building Code sound insulating requirements, and either a concrete slab or hardwood flooring is needed to meet the acoustic and vibrational performance benchmark. Cork, the bark of the cork oak, is well known for its sound insulating properties and often used for flooring applications in Europe. The cork-based flooring system is a potential solution to the acoustic problem faced by the CLT building industry. The goal of this preliminary study was to quantify the environmental impacts of a concrete and a cork-based flooring system that includes CLT. A life-cycle analysis (LCA) is conducted to focus on a cradle-to-gate comparison of a cork flooring system with a locally sourced concrete flooring system for use in a proposed CLT structure in Portland, OR. The LCA reveals that the global warming potential (GWP) of concrete is 25% higher for the concrete flooring system. For cork flooring, the GWP is mainly driven by inorganic compounds in the flooring assembly. The main source for cork is Portugal, which increases the GWP of the cork flooring system, in contrast to that of concrete flooring, which typically has a regional production and supply system. As environmental abatement costs increase, the profitability of cork flooring can increase to justify the creation of an appropriate system to close the loop.}, number={1}, journal={Wood and Fiber Science}, author={Portugal, R. S. E. and Lawrence, B. and Laleicke, P. F. and Sinha, A.}, year={2018}, pages={104–112} }
 @article{laleicke_2018, title={Wood waste, the challenges of communication and innovation}, volume={13}, number={2}, journal={BioResources}, author={Laleicke, P. F.}, year={2018}, pages={2182–2183} }