@article{flynn_awaysheh_bliese_flynn_2024, title={From Intent to Impact: A Proactive Event Approach for Amplifying Sustainability Across Time}, volume={3}, ISSN={["1557-1211"]}, url={https://doi.org/10.1177/01492063231224370}, DOI={10.1177/01492063231224370}, abstractNote={We extend event system theory (EST) to conceptualize proactive events and examine how event duration, timing, criticality, and disruption are related to two phases of change associated with an organizationally initiated event. Specifically, we explore the impact of a new sustainability monitoring system on energy consumption using longitudinal archival data from 87 manufacturing units of a Fortune 200 multinational firm. We use a variant of mixed-effects discontinuous growth modeling (DGM) to test EST propositions related to initial and longer-term changes associated with implementing the monitoring system. Results indicate that while the new sustainability monitoring system is effective in reducing within-unit energy consumption on average, there are significant differences in change magnitude between units. The magnitude of change during the pre-post phase was related to between-unit differences in event duration, timing, criticality, and disruption. Longer-term change patterns were related to between-unit differences in managerial criticality behaviors. The results empirically validate several of EST’s core propositions and provide an illustration of how DGM can be modified to study events that vary in onset and duration across entities.}, journal={JOURNAL OF MANAGEMENT}, author={Flynn, Patrick J. and Awaysheh, Amrou and Bliese, Paul D. and Flynn, Barbara B.}, year={2024}, month={Mar} }
 @article{campbell-sills_flynn_choi_ng_aliaga_broshek_jain_kessler_stein_ursano_et al._2022, title={Unit cohesion during deployment and post-deployment mental health: is cohesion an individual- or unit-level buffer for combat-exposed soldiers?}, volume={52}, ISSN={["1469-8978"]}, url={http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0033291720001786}, DOI={10.1017/S0033291720001786}, abstractNote={Abstract Background Unit cohesion may protect service member mental health by mitigating effects of combat exposure; however, questions remain about the origins of potential stress-buffering effects. We examined buffering effects associated with two forms of unit cohesion (peer-oriented horizontal cohesion and subordinate-leader vertical cohesion) defined as either individual-level or aggregated unit-level variables. Methods Longitudinal survey data from US Army soldiers who deployed to Afghanistan in 2012 were analyzed using mixed-effects regression. Models evaluated individual- and unit-level interaction effects of combat exposure and cohesion during deployment on symptoms of post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD), depression, and suicidal ideation reported at 3 months post-deployment (model n's = 6684 to 6826). Given the small effective sample size (k = 89), the significance of unit-level interactions was evaluated at a 90% confidence level. Results At the individual-level, buffering effects of horizontal cohesion were found for PTSD symptoms [B = −0.11, 95% CI (−0.18 to −0.04), p < 0.01] and depressive symptoms [B = −0.06, 95% CI (−0.10 to −0.01), p < 0.05]; while a buffering effect of vertical cohesion was observed for PTSD symptoms only [B = −0.03, 95% CI (−0.06 to −0.0001), p < 0.05]. At the unit-level, buffering effects of horizontal (but not vertical) cohesion were observed for PTSD symptoms [B = −0.91, 90% CI (−1.70 to −0.11), p = 0.06], depressive symptoms [B = −0.83, 90% CI (−1.24 to −0.41), p < 0.01], and suicidal ideation [B = −0.32, 90% CI (−0.62 to −0.01), p = 0.08]. Conclusions Policies and interventions that enhance horizontal cohesion may protect combat-exposed units against post-deployment mental health problems. Efforts to support individual soldiers who report low levels of horizontal or vertical cohesion may also yield mental health benefits.}, number={1}, journal={PSYCHOLOGICAL MEDICINE}, publisher={Cambridge University Press (CUP)}, author={Campbell-Sills, Laura and Flynn, Patrick J. and Choi, Karmel W. and Ng, Tsz Hin H. and Aliaga, Pablo A. and Broshek, Catherine and Jain, Sonia and Kessler, Ronald C. and Stein, Murray B. and Ursano, Robert J. and et al.}, year={2022}, month={Jan}, pages={121–131} }
 @article{awaysheh_frohlich_flynn_flynn_2021, title={To err is human: Exploratory multilevel analysis of supply chain delivery delays}, volume={7}, ISSN={["1873-1317"]}, DOI={10.1002/joom.1154}, abstractNote={ABSTRACT We examine the impact of human errors by front‐line supply chain employees on delivery delays. We build on normal accident theory (NAT), a multilevel theory describing the relationship between a firm's latent conditions (systemic managerial, technology, and social factors) and human errors. Latent conditions can have the unintended consequence of intensifying the impact of a human error, thus, we hypothesize a moderating effect of latent conditions on the relationship between errors and delivery delays. Hypotheses are tested using archival shipment data provided by a Fortune 500 company and archival carrier violations data. A multilevel design, with 299,399 shipments (level 1) nested within 97 carriers (level 2), was tested using mixed effects regression modeling. The results indicated that both dispatcher and driver errors were related to the probability of a late delivery, and that dispatcher errors were associated with longer delays. The moderating effects of several carrier latent conditions were significant and positive, indicating that both types of errors were more strongly associated with the likelihood of late delivery and that dispatcher errors were associated with longer delays when moderated by carrier latent conditions. The results are discussed from the perspective of NAT and technology management, developing prescriptions, and suggesting opportunities for future research.}, journal={JOURNAL OF OPERATIONS MANAGEMENT}, author={Awaysheh, Amrou and Frohlich, Markham T. and Flynn, Barbara B. and Flynn, Patrick J.}, year={2021}, month={Jul} }
 @article{flynn_bliese_korsgaard_cannon_2021, title={Tracking the Process of Resilience: How Emotional Stability and Experience Influence Exhaustion and Commitment Trajectories}, volume={46}, ISSN={["1552-3993"]}, url={https://doi.org/10.1177/10596011211027676}, DOI={10.1177/10596011211027676}, abstractNote={This study responds to calls to conceptualize resilience as a dynamic process by examining individual trajectories of emotional exhaustion and affective commitment over time in the face of ongoing role demands. In contrast to research conceptualizing resilience as a dispositional trait, we conceptualize resilience in terms of patterns of between-individual variation in response trajectories (dynamic resilience). In a longitudinal study spanning three months and 12 observational periods, we show that individuals high in emotional stability had more static affective commitment trajectories and that organizational newcomers had less pronounced emotional exhaustion trajectories in response to ongoing demands. Both the patterns shown for those with high emotional stability and newcomers are indicative of greater dynamic resilience. Furthermore, we found that affective commitment trajectories were significant predictors of actual retention through the mediating mechanism of intent to remain. We discuss how our approach offers opportunities to study resilience in dynamic settings.}, number={4}, journal={GROUP & ORGANIZATION MANAGEMENT}, publisher={SAGE Publications}, author={Flynn, Patrick J. and Bliese, Paul D. and Korsgaard, M. Audrey and Cannon, Cormac}, year={2021}, month={Jul} }
 @article{bliese_adler_flynn_2017, title={Transition Processes: A Review and Synthesis Integrating Methods and Theory}, volume={4}, url={http://dx.doi.org/10.1146/annurev-orgpsych-032516-113213}, DOI={10.1146/annurev-orgpsych-032516-113213}, abstractNote={In this review, we outline how a methodologically based framework, the discontinuous growth model (DGM), can be used to advance research and theory on transitions. Our review focuses on identifying the types of hypotheses and research questions that can be specified and tested using this framework. Three parameters of the DGM are described: the pre-event covariate (TIMEpre), a transition covariate (TRANS), and a recovery covariate (RECOV). We discuss relevant parameters by analyzing the relative and absolute changes following a transition event. We illustrate the framework with a variety of studies from different contexts and address the difficulty of interpreting responses to events without TIMEpre data. In addition, we discuss the role of large longitudinal databases as sources for advancing research and theory surrounding transitions, particularly for rare and unexpected events. Finally, we discuss ways in which transition research can inform our understanding of individual, team, and organizational re...}, number={1}, journal={Annual Review of Organizational Psychology and Organizational Behavior}, publisher={Annual Reviews}, author={Bliese, Paul D. and Adler, Amy B. and Flynn, Patrick J.}, year={2017}, month={Mar}, pages={263–286} }