@article{krafft_scarboro_hsieh_doherty_balint-kurti_kudenov_2024, title={Mitigating Illumination-, Leaf-, and View-Angle Dependencies in Hyperspectral Imaging Using Polarimetry}, url={https://doi.org/10.34133/plantphenomics.0157}, DOI={10.34133/plantphenomics.0157}, abstractNote={Automation of plant phenotyping using data from high-dimensional imaging sensors is on the forefront of agricultural research for its potential to improve seasonal yield by monitoring crop health and accelerating breeding programs. A common challenge when capturing images in the field relates to the spectral reflection of sunlight (glare) from crop leaves that, at certain solar incidences and sensor viewing angles, presents unwanted signals. The research presented here involves the convergence of 2 parallel projects to develop a facile algorithm that can use polarization data to decouple light reflected from the surface of the leaves and light scattered from the leaf’s tissue.}, journal={Plant Phenomics}, author={Krafft, Daniel and Scarboro, Clifton G. and Hsieh, William and Doherty, Colleen and Balint-Kurti, Peter and Kudenov, Michael}, year={2024}, month={Jan} } @misc{hudson_mullens_hind_jamann_balint-kurti_2024, title={Natural variation in the pattern-triggered immunity response in plants: Investigations, implications and applications}, volume={25}, ISSN={["1364-3703"]}, url={https://doi.org/10.1111/mpp.13445}, DOI={10.1111/mpp.13445}, abstractNote={Abstract}, number={3}, journal={MOLECULAR PLANT PATHOLOGY}, author={Hudson, Asher and Mullens, Alexander and Hind, Sarah and Jamann, Tiffany and Balint-Kurti, Peter}, year={2024}, month={Mar} } @article{zhong_zhu_zhang_zhang_deng_guo_xu_liu_li_bi_et al._2024, title={The ZmWAKL-ZmWIK-ZmBLK1-ZmRBOH4 module provides quantitative resistance to gray leaf spot in maize}, volume={1}, ISSN={["1546-1718"]}, url={https://doi.org/10.1038/s41588-023-01644-z}, DOI={10.1038/s41588-023-01644-z}, abstractNote={Abstract}, journal={NATURE GENETICS}, author={Zhong, Tao and Zhu, Mang and Zhang, Qianqian and Zhang, Yan and Deng, Suining and Guo, Chenyu and Xu, Ling and Liu, Tingting and Li, Yancong and Bi, Yaqi and et al.}, year={2024}, month={Jan} } @article{chen_zhao_tabor_nian_phillips_wolters_yang_balint‐kurti_2023, title={A leucine‐rich repeat receptor kinase gene confers quantitative susceptibility to maize southern leaf blight}, volume={238}, ISSN={0028-646X 1469-8137}, url={http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/nph.18781}, DOI={10.1111/nph.18781}, abstractNote={Summary}, number={3}, journal={New Phytologist}, publisher={Wiley}, author={Chen, Chuan and Zhao, Yaqi and Tabor, Girma and Nian, Huiqin and Phillips, Joanie and Wolters, Petra and Yang, Qin and Balint‐Kurti, Peter}, year={2023}, month={Feb}, pages={1182–1197} } @article{samira_lopez_holland_balint-kurti_2023, title={Characterization of a Host-Specific Toxic Activity Produced by Bipolaris cookei, Causal Agent of Target Leaf Spot of Sorghum}, volume={1}, ISSN={["1943-7684"]}, DOI={10.1094/PHYTO-11-22-0427}, journal={PHYTOPATHOLOGY}, author={Samira, Rozalynne and Lopez, Luis Fernando Samayoa and Holland, James and Balint-Kurti, Peter J.}, year={2023}, month={Jan} } @article{samira_samayoa_holland_balint-kurti_2023, title={Characterization of a host-specific toxic activity produced by Bipolaris cookei, causal agent of Target Leaf Spot of Sorghum}, volume={113}, ISSN={0031-949X 1943-7684}, url={http://dx.doi.org/10.1094/PHYTO-11-22-0427-R}, DOI={10.1094/PHYTO-11-22-0427-R}, abstractNote={Target leaf spot (TLS) of sorghum, caused by the necrotrophic fungus Bipolaris cookei, can cause severe yield loss in many parts of the world. We grew B. cookei in liquid culture and observed that the resulting culture filtrate (CF) was differentially toxic when infiltrated into the leaves of a population of 288 diverse sorghum lines. In this population, we found a significant correlation between high CF sensitivity and susceptibility to TLS. This suggests that the toxin produced in culture may play a role in the pathogenicity of B. cookei in the field. We demonstrated that the toxic activity is light sensitive and, surprisingly, insensitive to pronase, suggesting that it is not proteinaceous. We identified the two sorghum genetic loci most associated with the response to CF in this population. Screening seedlings with B. cookei CF could be a useful approach for prescreening germplasm for TLS resistance.}, number={7}, journal={Phytopathology®}, publisher={Scientific Societies}, author={Samira, Rozalynne and Samayoa, Luis Fernando and Holland, James and Balint-Kurti, Peter John}, year={2023}, month={Jan}, pages={1301–1306} } @article{neelakandan_kabahuma_yang_lopez_wisser_balint-kurti_lauter_2023, title={Characterization of integration sites and transfer DNA structures in Agrobacterium-mediated transgenic events of maize inbred B104}, volume={7}, ISSN={["2160-1836"]}, DOI={10.1093/g3journal/jkad166}, abstractNote={Abstract}, journal={G3-GENES GENOMES GENETICS}, author={Neelakandan, Anjanasree K. and Kabahuma, Mercy and Yang, Qin and Lopez, Miriam and Wisser, Randall J. and Balint-Kurti, Peter and Lauter, Nick}, year={2023}, month={Jul} } @article{parnell_pal_awan_vintila_houdinet_hawkes_balint-kurti_wagner_kleiner_2023, title={Effective seed sterilization methods require optimization across maize genotypes}, url={https://doi.org/10.1101/2023.12.14.571779}, DOI={10.1101/2023.12.14.571779}, abstractNote={Abstract}, author={Parnell, J. Jacob and Pal, Gaurav and Awan, Ayesha and Vintila, Simina and Houdinet, Gabriella and Hawkes, Christine V. and Balint-Kurti, Peter J. and Wagner, Maggie R. and Kleiner, Manuel}, year={2023}, month={Dec} } @article{mullens_lipka_balint-kurti_jamann_2023, title={Exploring the relationship between pattern-triggered immunity and quantitative resistance to Xanthomonas vasicola pv. vasculorum in maize}, volume={2}, ISSN={0031-949X 1943-7684}, url={http://dx.doi.org/10.1094/PHYTO-09-22-0357-SA}, DOI={10.1094/PHYTO-09-22-0357-SA}, abstractNote={ Bacterial leaf streak (BLS) of maize is an emerging foliar disease of maize in the Americas. It is caused by the gram-negative nonvascular bacterium Xanthomonas vasicola pv. vasculorum. There are no chemical controls available for BLS, and thus, host resistance is crucial for managing X. vasicola pv. vasculorum. The objective of this study was to examine the genetic determinants of resistance to X. vasicola pv. vasculorum in maize, as well as the relationship between other defense-related traits and BLS resistance. Specifically, we examined the correlations among BLS severity, severity for three fungal diseases, flg-22 response, hypersensitive response, and auricle color. We conducted quantitative trait locus (QTL) mapping for X. vasicola pv. vasculorum resistance using the maize recombinant inbred line population Z003 (B73 × CML228). We detected three QTLs for BLS resistance. In addition to the disease resistance QTL, we detected a single QTL for auricle color. We observed significant, yet weak, correlations among BLS severity, levels of pattern-triggered immunity response and leaf flecking. These results will be useful for understanding resistance to X. vasicola pv. vasculorum and mitigating the impact of BLS on maize yields. }, journal={Phytopathology®}, publisher={Scientific Societies}, author={Mullens, Alexander and Lipka, Alexander and Balint-Kurti, Peter and Jamann, Tiffany M.}, year={2023}, month={Feb} } @article{kudenov_krafft_scarboro_doherty_balint-kurti_2023, title={Hybrid spatial-temporal Mueller matrix imaging spectropolarimeter for high throughput plant phenotyping}, volume={62}, ISSN={["2155-3165"]}, DOI={10.1364/AO.483870}, abstractNote={Many correlations exist between spectral reflectance or transmission with various phenotypic responses from plants. Of interest to us are metabolic characteristics, namely, how the various polarimetric components of plants may correlate to underlying environmental, metabolic, and genotypic differences among different varieties within a given species, as conducted during large field experimental trials. In this paper, we overview a portable Mueller matrix imaging spectropolarimeter, optimized for field use, by combining a temporal and spatial modulation scheme. Key aspects of the design include minimizing the measurement time while maximizing the signal-to-noise ratio by mitigating systematic error. This was achieved while maintaining an imaging capability across multiple measurement wavelengths, spanning the blue to near-infrared spectral region (405–730 nm). To this end, we present our optimization procedure, simulations, and calibration methods. Validation results, which were taken in redundant and non-redundant measurement configurations, indicated that the polarimeter provides average absolute errors of (5.3±2.2)×10−3 and (7.1±3.1)×10−3, respectively. Finally, we provide preliminary field data (depolarization, retardance, and diattenuation) to establish baselines of barren and non-barren Zea maize hybrids (G90 variety), as captured from various leaf and canopy positions during our summer 2022 field experiments. Results indicate that subtle variations in retardance and diattenuation versus leaf canopy position may be present before they are clearly visible in the spectral transmission.}, number={8}, journal={APPLIED OPTICS}, author={Kudenov, Michael W. and Krafft, Danny and Scarboro, Clifton G. and Doherty, Colleen J. and Balint-Kurti, Peter}, year={2023}, month={Mar}, pages={2078–2091} } @article{qiu_adhikari_balint-kurti_jamann_mcintyre_2023, title={Identification of loci conferring resistance to 4 foliar diseases of maize}, volume={12}, ISSN={["2160-1836"]}, url={https://doi.org/10.1093/g3journal/jkad275}, DOI={10.1093/g3journal/jkad275}, abstractNote={Abstract}, journal={G3-GENES GENOMES GENETICS}, author={Qiu, Yuting and Adhikari, Pragya and Balint-Kurti, Peter and Jamann, Tiffany and Mcintyre, L.}, editor={McIntyre, LEditor}, year={2023}, month={Dec} } @article{hawkes_allen_balint-kurti_cowger_2023, title={Manipulating the plant mycobiome to enhance resilience: Ecological and evolutionary opportunities and challenges}, volume={19}, ISSN={["1553-7374"]}, DOI={10.1371/journal.ppat.1011816}, number={12}, journal={PLOS PATHOGENS}, author={Hawkes, Christine V. and Allen, Xavious and Balint-Kurti, Peter and Cowger, Christina}, year={2023}, month={Dec} } @article{adams_kristy_gorman_balint-kurti_yencho_olukolu_2023, title={Qmatey: an automated pipeline for fast exact matching-based alignment and strain-level taxonomic binning and profiling of metagenomes}, volume={24}, ISSN={["1477-4054"]}, url={https://doi.org/10.1093/bib/bbad351}, DOI={10.1093/bib/bbad351}, abstractNote={Abstract}, number={6}, journal={BRIEFINGS IN BIOINFORMATICS}, author={Adams, Alison K. and Kristy, Brandon D. and Gorman, Myranda and Balint-Kurti, Peter and Yencho, G. Craig and Olukolu, Bode A.}, year={2023}, month={Sep} } @article{gou_balint‐kurti_xu_yang_2023, title={Quantitative disease resistance: Multifaceted players in plant defense}, volume={65}, ISSN={1672-9072 1744-7909}, url={http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/jipb.13419}, DOI={10.1111/jipb.13419}, abstractNote={Abstract}, number={2}, journal={Journal of Integrative Plant Biology}, publisher={Wiley}, author={Gou, Mingyue and Balint‐Kurti, Peter and Xu, Mingliang and Yang, Qin}, year={2023}, month={Jan}, pages={594–610} } @article{balint-kurti_wang_2023, title={Special issue: Genetics of maize-microbe interactions}, volume={5}, ISSN={["1364-3703"]}, url={https://doi.org/10.1111/mpp.13348}, DOI={10.1111/mpp.13348}, abstractNote={Maize (Zea mays) is an annual grass belonging to the tribe Andropogoneae of the family Gramineae. Its high productivity and adaptability have resulted in it being the world's most produced crop (Erenstein et al., 2022). Global yield loss of maize caused by pathogens and pests was estimated to be 19.5%– 41.1% (Savary et al., 2019). In the United States, losses due to diseases were estimated at approximately 7%– 10% over recent years (Mueller et al., 2020). The investigation of maize– microbe interactions therefore would seem to be a crucial area of study, and it is the subject of this special issue. Maize is also a wellestablished model genetic system for plant science. Studies on maize have made essential contributions to the elucidation of a number of important concepts, including the nature of transposons, epigenetic inheritance, and heterosis (Strable & Scanlon, 2009). Maize is, in particular, a model system for quantitative genetic studies (Wallace et al., 2014). A number of pioneering studies in the field of plant– microbe interaction have used maize. The first identification of a plant disease resistance gene, Hm1 (Johal & Briggs, 1992), and of a plant disease susceptibility gene, Turf13 (Dewey et al., 1988), occurred in maize. Studies of the maize Rp1 locus gave us early indications of the intriguing structure and complexity of some plant disease resistance loci (Saxena & Hooker, 1968; Sudupak et al., 1993). Despite this history, it is probably fair to say that the maize system was not generally in the forefront of molecular plant– microbe research during the late 20th and early 21st century. Perhaps this was due partly to the fact that maize is a big plant, hard to grow in controlled conditions in the greenhouse or growth chamber, and that it is comparatively recalcitrant to genetic transformation, making functional studies challenging. Also, unlike many other crops, maize is generally not directly consumed by humans in the developed world and so important maize diseases have perhaps not received the publicity (and therefore the funding) that diseases of some other crops have enjoyed. Furthermore, many (though not all!) maize diseases have been adequately controlled by genetic resistance incorporated into elite varieties, helped both by the extensive public and private breeding efforts in this crop and by the relatively high genetic diversity available within cultivated maize (Buckler et al., 2006; Yang, BalintKurti, et al., 2017). In the past 10– 15 years there has been an upswell of activity in the study of the genetics of maize– microbe interactions, with respect to both the number of researchers working in the field and the number of important studies that have emerged, some examples of which follow, though it should be noted that this is a subjective and rather incomplete list. The use of powerful mapping populations such as the maize nested association population (Gage et al., 2020) has allowed the detailed description of the genetic architectures controlling quantitative resistance to several important maize diseases and of the defence response (Benson et al., 2015; Kump et al., 2011; Li et al., 2018; Olukolu et al., 2014, 2016; Poland et al., 2011). Several quantitative and major effect resistance genes have been cloned (Chen et al., 2022, 2023; Deng et al., 2022; Hurni et al., 2015; Konlasuk et al., 2015; Leng et al., 2017; Li et al., 2019; Liu et al., 2017; Wang et al., 2022; Yang, He, et al., 2017; Yang et al., 2021; Zuo et al., 2015) and, in at least two cases, the microbial avirulence determinant has also been identified (Chen et al., 2022; Deng et al., 2022). Fascinating work has been reported on the manipulation of maize metabolism by the common smut pathogen Ustilago maydis (Redkar et al., 2015; Skibbe et al., 2010; VillajuanaBonequi et al., 2019). The molecular mechanisms controlling the activity of the maize nucleotidebinding, leucinerich repeat (NLR) resistance protein Rp1 have been elucidated (Luan et al., 2021; Sun et al., 2023; Wang et al., 2015; Wang & BalintKurti, 2016) and the maize microbiome has been analysed in some detail (Peiffer et al., 2013; Wagner, Busby, et al., 2020; Wagner, Roberts, et al., 2020; Wallace et al., 2018). In this special issue we demonstrate that this resurgence in interest in the molecular genetics of maize– microbe interactions continues apace. We present papers covering a diverse and representative area of research in the field, including studies on maizeassociated fungi, bacteria, and viruses as well as the maize seed microbiome. These papers cover established and emerging viral tools for functional genomics in maize, a genomic study of maize resistance genes, and the identification and detailed characterization of maize genes involved in pathogen resistance and microbial genes involved in pathogenicity. The relative difficulty of producing stable transgenic plants in maize is an important disadvantage compared to other model plant systems such as Arabidopsis, tomato, and rice. Many functional studies of maize genes have therefore relied on the use of viral systems to transiently express or suppress endogenous gene expression or on the identification of transposoninduced mutants. In recent years CRISPR/Cas9mediated gene editing has also frequently been used}, journal={MOLECULAR PLANT PATHOLOGY}, author={Balint-Kurti, Peter and Wang, Guan-Feng}, year={2023}, month={May} } @article{kloppe_whetten_kim_powell_lück_douchkov_whetten_hulse‐kemp_balint‐kurti_cowger_2023, title={Two pathogen loci determine Blumeria graminis}, volume={238}, ISSN={0028-646X 1469-8137}, url={http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/nph.18809}, DOI={10.1111/nph.18809}, abstractNote={Summary}, number={4}, journal={New Phytologist}, publisher={Wiley}, author={Kloppe, Tim and Whetten, Rebecca B. and Kim, Saet‐Byul and Powell, Oliver R. and Lück, Stefanie and Douchkov, Dimitar and Whetten, Ross W. and Hulse‐Kemp, Amanda M. and Balint‐Kurti, Peter and Cowger, Christina}, year={2023}, month={Mar}, pages={1546–1561} } @article{balint-kurti_kim_2022, title={Close encounters in the corn field}, volume={15}, ISSN={1674-2052}, url={http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/J.MOLP.2022.02.008}, DOI={10.1016/j.molp.2022.02.008}, abstractNote={Plants defend themselves against microbial pathogens in several ways. Among the most important of these mechanisms are cytoplasmic nucleotide-binding, leucine-rich repeat (NLR) resistance (R) proteins that are activated by direct or indirect interaction with pathogen-derived effector proteins introduced into the plant cell as part of the pathogenesis process. Effectors that trigger NLR-mediated resistance are known as Avirulence (Avr) proteins. The two major classes of NLR proteins are differentiated by their N-terminal domains being either coiled-coil (CC) or Toll/interleukin-1 receptor (TIR) domains.}, number={5}, journal={Molecular Plant}, publisher={Elsevier BV}, author={Balint-Kurti, Peter and Kim, Saet-Byul}, year={2022}, month={May}, pages={802–804} } @article{martins_balint-kurti_reberg-horton_2022, title={Genome-wide association study for morphological traits and resistance to Peryonella pinodes in the USDA pea single plant plus collection}, volume={12}, ISSN={2160-1836}, url={http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/g3journal/jkac168}, DOI={10.1093/g3journal/jkac168}, abstractNote={Abstract}, number={9}, journal={G3 Genes|Genomes|Genetics}, publisher={Oxford University Press (OUP)}, author={Martins, Lais B and Balint-Kurti, Peter and Reberg-Horton, S Chris}, editor={Scofield, SEditor}, year={2022}, month={Jul} } @article{scarboro_doherty_balint-kurti_kudenov_2022, title={Multistatic fiber-based system for measuring the Mueller matrix bidirectional reflectance distribution function}, volume={61}, ISSN={["2155-3165"]}, DOI={10.1364/AO.470608}, abstractNote={Bidirectionality effects can be a significant confounding factor when measuring hyperspectral reflectance data. The bidirectional reflectance distribution function (BRDF) can effectively characterize the reflectivity of surfaces to correct remote sensing measurements. However, measuring BRDFs can be time-consuming, especially when collecting Mueller matrix BRDF (mmBRDF) measurements of a surface via conventional goniometric techniques. In this paper, we present a system for collecting mmBRDF measurements using static optical fiber detectors that sample the hemisphere surrounding an object. The entrance to each fiber contains a polarization state analyzer configuration, allowing for the simultaneous acquisition of the Stokes vector intensity components at many altitudinal and azimuthal viewing positions. We describe the setup, calibration, and data processing used for this system and present its performance as applied to mmBRDF measurements of a ground glass diffuser.}, number={33}, journal={APPLIED OPTICS}, author={Scarboro, Clifton G. and Doherty, Colleen J. and Balint-Kurti, Peter J. and Kudenov, Michael W.}, year={2022}, month={Nov}, pages={9832–9842} } @article{kim_van den broeck_karre_choi_christensen_wang_jo_cho_balint‐kurti_2021, title={Analysis of the transcriptomic, metabolomic, and gene regulatory responses to Puccinia sorghi in maize}, volume={22}, ISSN={1464-6722 1364-3703}, url={http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/mpp.13040}, DOI={10.1111/mpp.13040}, abstractNote={Abstract}, number={4}, journal={Molecular Plant Pathology}, publisher={Wiley}, author={Kim, Saet‐Byul and Van den Broeck, Lisa and Karre, Shailesh and Choi, Hoseong and Christensen, Shawn A. and Wang, Guan‐Feng and Jo, Yeonhwa and Cho, Won Kyong and Balint‐Kurti, Peter}, year={2021}, month={Feb}, pages={465–479} } @article{wang_holland_balint-kurti_2021, title={Development and Use of a Seedling Growth Retardation Assay to Quantify and Map Loci Underlying Variation in the Maize Basal Defense Response}, volume={1}, ISSN={2690-5442}, url={http://dx.doi.org/10.1094/PHYTOFR-12-20-0038-R}, DOI={10.1094/PHYTOFR-12-20-0038-R}, abstractNote={ The pattern-triggered immune (PTI) response in plants is caused by the recognition of conserved microbe‐ or pathogen‐associated molecular patterns (MAMPs) by plant pattern recognition receptors at the cell surface. The goal of this study was to develop a simple, robust assay to quantify the PTI response in maize and to determine whether it could be used to predict levels of disease resistance. Flg22, an epitope derived from bacterial flagellin, is a commonly studied MAMP. We developed a seedling growth retardation (SGR) assay by which we could measure growth retardation in maize seedlings exposed to the bacterial MAMP flg22. We observed variation across 21 maize inbred lines. We used 161 lines from a recombinant inbred line (RIL) population derived from a cross between the lines CML228 (a high responder) and B73 (a low responder) to map quantitative trait loci (QTL) for this response. We found heritable variation in the RIL population and identified flg22 response QTL on chromosomes 1, 2, and 8. We did not observe strong correlations between SGR traits and levels of flg22-induced reactive oxygen production or with other disease resistance or defense response traits we had previously measured in the same population. We discuss the implications of these findings. }, number={3}, journal={PhytoFrontiers™}, publisher={Scientific Societies}, author={Wang, Yanli and Holland, James and Balint-Kurti, Peter}, year={2021}, month={Jul}, pages={149–159} } @article{kudenov_krafft_scarboro_doherty_balint-kurti_2021, title={Fieldable Mueller matrix imaging spectropolarimeter using a hybrid spatial and temporal modulation scheme}, volume={11833}, ISSN={["1996-756X"]}, DOI={10.1117/12.2593970}, abstractNote={Many correlations exist between spectral reflectance and various phenotypic responses from plants. Of interest to us are structural characteristics; namely, how the various spectral and polarimetric components may correlate to underlying environmental, metabolic, and genotypic differences among plant varieties within a given species. In this paper, we overview a portable Mueller matrix imaging spectropolarimeter that has been optimized for field use. Key aspects to the design included minimizing the measurement time while maximizing signal-to-noise ratio with low systematic errors. These goals must be achieved while maintaining an imaging capability across multiple measurement wavelengths, spanning the blue to near-infrared spectral region. To this end, we will review our optimization procedure, simulations, and experimental results, including preliminary field data taken from our summer 2021 field trials.}, journal={POLARIZATION SCIENCE AND REMOTE SENSING X}, author={Kudenov, Michael W. and Krafft, Danny and Scarboro, Clifton G. and Doherty, Colleen J. and Balint-Kurti, Peter}, year={2021} } @article{karre_kim_kim_khangura_sermons_dilkes_johal_balint-kurti_2021, title={Maize Plants Chimeric for an Autoactive Resistance Gene Display a Cell-Autonomous Hypersensitive Response but Non–Cell Autonomous Defense Signaling}, volume={34}, ISSN={0894-0282 1943-7706}, url={http://dx.doi.org/10.1094/MPMI-04-20-0091-R}, DOI={10.1094/MPMI-04-20-0091-R}, abstractNote={The maize gene Rp1-D21 is a mutant form of the gene Rp1-D that confers resistance to common rust. Rp1-D21 triggers a spontaneous defense response that occurs in the absence of the pathogen and includes a programed cell death called the hypersensitive response (HR). Eleven plants heterozygous for Rp1-D21, in four different genetic backgrounds, were identified that had chimeric leaves with lesioned sectors showing HR abutting green nonlesioned sectors lacking HR. The Rp1-D21 sequence derived from each of the lesioned portions of leaves was unaltered from the expected sequence whereas the Rp1-D21 sequences from nine of the nonlesioned sectors displayed various mutations, and we were unable to amplify Rp1-D21 from the other two nonlesioned sectors. In every case, the borders between the sectors were sharp, with no transition zone, suggesting that HR and chlorosis associated with Rp1-D21 activity was cell autonomous. Expression of defense response marker genes was assessed in the lesioned and nonlesioned sectors as well as in near-isogenic plants lacking and carrying Rp1-D21. Defense gene expression was somewhat elevated in nonlesioned sectors abutting sectors carrying Rp1-D21 compared with near-isogenic plants lacking Rp1-D21. This suggests that, whereas the HR itself was cell autonomous, other aspects of the defense response initiated by Rp1-D21 were not.}, number={6}, journal={Molecular Plant-Microbe Interactions®}, publisher={Scientific Societies}, author={Karre, Shailesh and Kim, Saet-Byul and Kim, Bong-Suk and Khangura, Rajdeep S. and Sermons, Shannon M. and Dilkes, Brian and Johal, Guri and Balint-Kurti, Peter}, year={2021}, month={Jun}, pages={606–616} } @article{wagner_tang_salvato_clouse_bartlett_vintila_phillips_sermons_hoffmann_balint-kurti_et al._2021, title={Microbe-dependent heterosis in maize}, volume={118}, ISSN={0027-8424 1091-6490}, url={http://dx.doi.org/10.1073/pnas.2021965118}, DOI={10.1073/pnas.2021965118}, abstractNote={Significance}, number={30}, journal={Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences}, publisher={Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences}, author={Wagner, Maggie R. and Tang, Clara and Salvato, Fernanda and Clouse, Kayla M. and Bartlett, Alexandria and Vintila, Simina and Phillips, Laura and Sermons, Shannon and Hoffmann, Mark and Balint-Kurti, Peter J. and et al.}, year={2021}, month={Jul} } @article{ge_wang_lu_zhao_hou_balint-kurti_wang_2021, title={Multi-Omics Analyses Reveal the Regulatory Network and the Function of ZmUGTs in Maize Defense Response}, volume={12}, ISSN={1664-462X}, url={http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/fpls.2021.738261}, DOI={10.3389/fpls.2021.738261}, abstractNote={Maize is one of the major crops in the world; however, diseases caused by various pathogens seriously affect its yield and quality. The maize Rp1-D21 mutant (mt) caused by the intragenic recombination between two nucleotide-binding, leucine-rich repeat (NLR) proteins, exhibits autoactive hypersensitive response (HR). In this study, we integrated transcriptomic and metabolomic analyses to identify differentially expressed genes (DEGs) and differentially accumulated metabolites (DAMs) in Rp1-D21 mt compared to the wild type (WT). Genes involved in pathogen-associated molecular pattern (PAMP)-triggered immunity (PTI) and effector-triggered immunity (ETI) were enriched among the DEGs. The salicylic acid (SA) pathway and the phenylpropanoid biosynthesis pathway were induced at both the transcriptional and metabolic levels. The DAMs identified included lipids, flavones, and phenolic acids, including 2,5-DHBA O-hexoside, the production of which is catalyzed by uridinediphosphate (UDP)-dependent glycosyltransferase (UGT). Four maize UGTs (ZmUGTs) homologous genes were among the DEGs. Functional analysis by transient co-expression in Nicotiana benthamiana showed that ZmUGT9250 and ZmUGT5174, but not ZmUGT9256 and ZmUGT8707, partially suppressed the HR triggered by Rp1-D21 or its N-terminal coiled-coil signaling domain (CCD21). None of the four ZmUGTs interacted physically with CCD21 in yeast two-hybrid or co-immunoprecipitation assays. We discuss the possibility that ZmUGTs might be involved in defense response by regulating SA homeostasis.}, journal={Frontiers in Plant Science}, publisher={Frontiers Media SA}, author={Ge, Chunxia and Wang, Yi-Ge and Lu, Shouping and Zhao, Xiang Yu and Hou, Bing-Kai and Balint-Kurti, Peter J. and Wang, Guan-Feng}, year={2021}, month={Sep} } @article{karre_kim_selote_khangura_dilkes_johal_balint-kurti_2021, title={The maize E3 ligase ZmCER9 specifically targets activated NLRs for degradation}, volume={5}, url={https://doi.org/10.1101/2021.05.03.442530}, DOI={10.1101/2021.05.03.442530}, abstractNote={The authors have withdrawn their manuscript whilst they perform additional experiments to test some of their conclusions further. Therefore, the authors do not wish this work to be cited as reference for the project. If you have any questions, please contact the corresponding author}, publisher={Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory}, author={Karre, Shailesh and Kim, Saet-Byul and Selote, Devarshi and Khangura, Rajdeep and Dilkes, Brian and Johal, Guri S and Balint-Kurti, Peter}, year={2021}, month={May} } @article{karre_kim_samira_balint‐kurti_2021, title={The maize ZmMIEL1 E3 ligase and ZmMYB83 transcription factor proteins interact and regulate the hypersensitive defence response}, volume={22}, ISSN={1464-6722 1364-3703}, url={http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/mpp.13057}, DOI={10.1111/mpp.13057}, abstractNote={Abstract}, number={6}, journal={Molecular Plant Pathology}, publisher={Wiley}, author={Karre, Shailesh and Kim, Saet‐Byul and Samira, Rozalynne and Balint‐Kurti, Peter}, year={2021}, month={Apr}, pages={694–709} } @article{cui_chen_jiang_xu_balint-kurti_stacey_2021, title={Variation in Gene Expression between Two Sorghum bicolor Lines Differing in Innate Immunity Response}, volume={10}, ISSN={2223-7747}, url={http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/plants10081536}, DOI={10.3390/plants10081536}, abstractNote={Microbe associated molecular pattern (MAMPs) triggered immunity (MTI) is a key component of the plant innate immunity response to microbial recognition. However, most of our current knowledge of MTI comes from model plants (i.e., Arabidopsis thaliana) with comparatively less work done using crop plants. In this work, we studied the MAMP triggered oxidative burst (ROS) and the transcriptional response in two Sorghum bicolor genotypes, BTx623 and SC155-14E. SC155-14E is a line that shows high anthracnose resistance and the line BTx623 is susceptible to anthracnose. Our results revealed a clear variation in gene expression and ROS in response to either flagellin (flg22) or chitin elicitation between the two lines. While the transcriptional response to each MAMP and in each line was unique there was a considerable degree of overlap, and we were able to define a core set of genes associated with the sorghum MAMP transcriptional response. The GO term and KEGG pathway enrichment analysis discovered more immunity and pathogen resistance related DEGs in MAMP treated SC155-14E samples than in BTx623 with the same treatment. The results provide a baseline for future studies to investigate innate immunity pathways in sorghum, including efforts to enhance disease resistance.}, number={8}, journal={Plants}, publisher={MDPI AG}, author={Cui, Yaya and Chen, Dongqin and Jiang, Yuexu and Xu, Dong and Balint-Kurti, Peter and Stacey, Gary}, year={2021}, month={Jul}, pages={1536} } @article{gentzel_park_bellizzi_xiao_gadhave_murphree_yang_lamantia_redinbaugh_balint-kurti_et al._2020, title={A CRISPR/dCas9 toolkit for functional analysis of maize genes}, volume={16}, ISSN={1746-4811}, url={http://dx.doi.org/10.1186/s13007-020-00675-5}, DOI={10.1186/s13007-020-00675-5}, abstractNote={Abstract}, number={1}, journal={Plant Methods}, publisher={Springer Science and Business Media LLC}, author={Gentzel, Irene N. and Park, Chan Ho and Bellizzi, Maria and Xiao, Guiqing and Gadhave, Kiran R. and Murphree, Colin and Yang, Qin and LaMantia, Jonathan and Redinbaugh, Margaret G. and Balint-Kurti, Peter and et al.}, year={2020}, month={Oct} } @article{sun_zhu_balint-kurti_wang_2020, title={Fine-Tuning Immunity: Players and Regulators for Plant NLRs}, volume={25}, ISSN={1360-1385}, url={http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.tplants.2020.02.008}, DOI={10.1016/j.tplants.2020.02.008}, abstractNote={NLR proteins are the major intracellular immune receptors in plants. Their transition between autoinhibited and activated states is fine-tuned by intra- and intermolecular interactions. NLR-interacting proteins play important roles in NLR-mediated immunity. Many NLR-interacting proteins have been identified; however, they have not been systematically classified. Plants have evolved a sophisticated innate immune system to defend against pathogen infection, and intracellular nucleotide-binding, leucine-rich repeat (NLR or NB-LRR) immune receptors are one of the main components of this system. NLR activity is fine-tuned by intra- and intermolecular interactions. We survey what is known about the conservation and diversity of NLR-interacting proteins, and divide them into seven major categories. We discuss the molecular mechanisms by which NLR activities are regulated and how understanding this regulation has potential to facilitate the engineering of NLRs for crop improvement. Plants have evolved a sophisticated innate immune system to defend against pathogen infection, and intracellular nucleotide-binding, leucine-rich repeat (NLR or NB-LRR) immune receptors are one of the main components of this system. NLR activity is fine-tuned by intra- and intermolecular interactions. We survey what is known about the conservation and diversity of NLR-interacting proteins, and divide them into seven major categories. We discuss the molecular mechanisms by which NLR activities are regulated and how understanding this regulation has potential to facilitate the engineering of NLRs for crop improvement. host proteins that act as guardees but where no clear biological, cellular, or physiological function has been identified so far except for pathogen recognition. proteins that mediate the interaction of E2 ubiquitin-conjugating enzyme that has been loaded with ubiquitin with the target protein to be ubiquitinated. Once ubiquitinated, the target proteins are often degraded by the proteasome pathway. E3 ubiquitin ligases (also known as E3 ligases) determine the protein specificity of the ubiquitin-mediated protein degradation pathway. They are divided into four major subfamilies: RING, HECT, CRL, and U-box. proteins that bind and hydrolyze GTP. They often act as molecular switches in signal transduction. the direct virulence targets of pathogen effectors. An NLR effectively monitors the status of its guardee and is activated upon modulation of the guardee by the effector. Guardees have specific cellular functions in addition to their roles in pathogen recognition, and usually function in the defense response pathway. rapid localized cell death at the point of pathogen penetration; HR is used by plants to restrict pathogen invasion. proteins that catalyze the transfer of phosphate groups to their substrate proteins. Kinases are key regulators of enzyme activity, protein–protein interactions, and subcellular localization. these act as intracellular immune receptors that recognize pathogen effectors and trigger innate immunity. proteins with strong homology to kinases but that lack kinase activity.}, number={7}, journal={Trends in Plant Science}, publisher={Elsevier BV}, author={Sun, Yang and Zhu, Yu-Xiu and Balint-Kurti, Peter J. and Wang, Guan-Feng}, year={2020}, month={Jul}, pages={695–713} } @article{wang_martins_sermons_balint-kurti_2020, title={Genetic and Physiological Characterization of a Calcium Deficiency Phenotype in Maize}, volume={10}, ISSN={2160-1836}, url={http://dx.doi.org/10.1534/g3.120.401069}, DOI={10.1534/g3.120.401069}, abstractNote={Abstract}, number={6}, journal={G3 Genes|Genomes|Genetics}, publisher={Oxford University Press (OUP)}, author={Wang, Yanli and Martins, Lais Bastos and Sermons, Shannon and Balint-Kurti, Peter}, year={2020}, month={Jun}, pages={1963–1970} } @article{samira_kimball_samayoa_holland_jamann_brown_stacey_balint-kurti_2020, title={Genome-wide association analysis of the strength of the MAMP-elicited defense response and resistance to target leaf spot in sorghum}, volume={10}, ISSN={2045-2322}, url={http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/s41598-020-77684-w}, DOI={10.1038/s41598-020-77684-w}, abstractNote={Abstract}, number={1}, journal={Scientific Reports}, publisher={Springer Science and Business Media LLC}, author={Samira, Rozalynne and Kimball, Jennifer A. and Samayoa, Luis Fernando and Holland, James B. and Jamann, Tiffany M. and Brown, Patrick J. and Stacey, Gary and Balint-Kurti, Peter J.}, year={2020}, month={Nov} } @article{morales_repka_swarts_stafstrom_he_sermons_yang_lopez‐zuniga_rucker_thomason_et al._2020, title={Genotypic and phenotypic characterization of a large, diverse population of maize near‐isogenic lines}, volume={103}, ISSN={0960-7412 1365-313X}, url={http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/tpj.14787}, DOI={10.1111/tpj.14787}, abstractNote={SUMMARY}, number={3}, journal={The Plant Journal}, publisher={Wiley}, author={Morales, Laura and Repka, A. C. and Swarts, Kelly L. and Stafstrom, William C. and He, Yijian and Sermons, Shannon M. and Yang, Qin and Lopez‐Zuniga, Luis O. and Rucker, Elizabeth and Thomason, Wade E. and et al.}, year={2020}, month={May}, pages={1246–1255} } @article{tuleski_kimball_do amaral_pereira_tadra-sfeir_de oliveira pedrosa_maltempi de souza_balint-kurti_monteiro_stacey_2020, title={Herbaspirillum rubrisubalbicans as a Phytopathogenic Model to Study the Immune System of Sorghum bicolor}, volume={33}, ISSN={0894-0282 1943-7706}, url={http://dx.doi.org/10.1094/MPMI-06-19-0154-R}, DOI={10.1094/MPMI-06-19-0154-R}, abstractNote={ Herbaspirillum rubrisubalbicans is the causal agent of red stripe disease (RSD) and mottle stripe disease of sorghum and sugarcane, respectively. In all, 63 genotypes of Sorghum bicolor were inoculated with H. rubrisubalbicans, with 59 showing RSD symptoms. Quantitative trait loci (QTL) analysis in a recombinant inbred line (RIL) population identified several QTL associated with variation in resistance to RSD. RNA sequencing analysis identified a number of genes whose transcript levels were differentially regulated during H. rubrisubalbicans infection. Among those genes that responded to H. rubrisubalbicans inoculation were many involved in plant–pathogen interactions such as leucine-rich repeat receptors, mitogen-activated protein kinase 1, calcium-binding proteins, transcriptional factors (ethylene-responsive element binding factor), and callose synthase. Pretreatment of sorghum leaves with the pathogen-associated molecular pattern (PAMP) molecules flg22 and chitooctaose provided protection against subsequent challenge with the pathogen, suggesting that PAMP-triggered immunity plays an important role in the sorghum immunity response. These data present baseline information for the use of the genetically tractable H. rubrisubalbicans–sorghum pathosystem for the study of innate immunity and disease resistance in this important grain and bioenergy crop. Information gained from the use of this system is likely to be informative for other monocots, including those more intractable for experimental study (e.g., sugarcane). }, number={2}, journal={Molecular Plant-Microbe Interactions}, publisher={Scientific Societies}, author={Tuleski, Thalita Regina and Kimball, Jennifer and do Amaral, Fernanda P. and Pereira, Tomas P. and Tadra-Sfeir, Michelle Zibetti and de Oliveira Pedrosa, Fabio and Maltempi de Souza, Emanuel and Balint-Kurti, Peter and Monteiro, Rose Adele and Stacey, Gary}, year={2020}, month={Feb}, pages={235–246} } @article{wagner_roberts_balint‐kurti_holland_2020, title={Heterosis of leaf and rhizosphere microbiomes in field‐grown maize}, volume={228}, ISSN={0028-646X 1469-8137}, url={http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/nph.16730}, DOI={10.1111/nph.16730}, abstractNote={Summary}, number={3}, journal={New Phytologist}, publisher={Wiley}, author={Wagner, Maggie R. and Roberts, Joseph H. and Balint‐Kurti, Peter and Holland, James B.}, year={2020}, month={Jul}, pages={1055–1069} } @article{luan_zhu_ma_sun_liu_liu_balint‐kurti_wang_2020, title={Maize metacaspases modulate the defense response mediated by the NLR protein Rp1‐D21 likely by affecting its subcellular localization}, volume={105}, ISSN={0960-7412 1365-313X}, url={http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/tpj.15047}, DOI={10.1111/tpj.15047}, abstractNote={SUMMARY}, number={1}, journal={The Plant Journal}, publisher={Wiley}, author={Luan, Qing‐Ling and Zhu, Yu‐Xiu and Ma, Shijun and Sun, Yang and Liu, Xiao‐Ying and Liu, Mengjie and Balint‐Kurti, Peter J. and Wang, Guan‐Feng}, year={2020}, month={Nov}, pages={151–166} } @article{wagner_tang_salvato_clouse_bartlett_sermons_hoffmann_balint-kurti_kleiner_2020, title={Microbe-dependent heterosis in maize}, volume={5}, url={https://doi.org/10.1101/2020.05.05.078766}, DOI={10.1101/2020.05.05.078766}, abstractNote={ABSTRACT}, publisher={Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory}, author={Wagner, Maggie R. and Tang, Clara and Salvato, Fernanda and Clouse, Kayla M. and Bartlett, Alexandria and Sermons, Shannon and Hoffmann, Mark and Balint-Kurti, Peter J. and Kleiner, Manuel}, year={2020}, month={May} } @article{kim_karre_wu_park_meyers_claeys_wisser_jackson_balint‐kurti_2020, title={Multiple insertions of COIN , a novel maize Foldback transposable element, in the Conring gene cause a spontaneous progressive cell death phenotype}, volume={104}, ISSN={0960-7412 1365-313X}, url={http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/tpj.14945}, DOI={10.1111/tpj.14945}, abstractNote={SUMMARY}, number={3}, journal={The Plant Journal}, publisher={Wiley}, author={Kim, Saet‐Byul and Karre, Shailesh and Wu, Qingyu and Park, Minkyu and Meyers, Emily and Claeys, Hannes and Wisser, Randall and Jackson, David and Balint‐Kurti, Peter}, year={2020}, month={Aug}, pages={581–595} } @article{murphree_kim_karre_samira_balint‐kurti_2020, title={Use of virus‐induced gene silencing to characterize genes involved in modulating hypersensitive cell death in maize}, volume={21}, ISSN={1464-6722 1364-3703}, url={http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/mpp.12999}, DOI={10.1111/mpp.12999}, abstractNote={Abstract}, number={12}, journal={Molecular Plant Pathology}, publisher={Wiley}, author={Murphree, Colin and Kim, Saet‐Byul and Karre, Shailesh and Samira, Rozalynne and Balint‐Kurti, Peter}, year={2020}, month={Oct}, pages={1662–1676} } @article{harris_balint-kurti_bede_day_gold_goss_grenville-briggs_jones_wang_wang_et al._2020, title={What are the Top 10 Unanswered Questions in Molecular Plant-Microbe Interactions?}, volume={33}, ISSN={0894-0282 1943-7706}, url={http://dx.doi.org/10.1094/MPMI-08-20-0229-CR}, DOI={10.1094/MPMI-08-20-0229-CR}, abstractNote={This article is part of the Top 10 Unanswered Questions in MPMI invited review series.}, number={12}, journal={Molecular Plant-Microbe Interactions®}, publisher={Scientific Societies}, author={Harris, Jeanne M. and Balint-Kurti, Peter and Bede, Jacqueline C. and Day, Brad and Gold, Scott and Goss, Erica M. and Grenville-Briggs, Laura J. and Jones, Kathryn M. and Wang, Aiming and Wang, Yuanchao and et al.}, year={2020}, month={Dec}, pages={1354–1365} } @article{he_kim_balint-kurti_2019, title={A maize cytochrome b-c1 complex subunit protein ZmQCR7 controls variation in the hypersensitive response}, volume={249}, ISSN={["1432-2048"]}, url={https://doi.org/10.1007/s00425-019-03092-8}, DOI={10.1007/s00425-019-03092-8}, abstractNote={The gene GRMZM2G318346 which encodes a cytochrome b-c1 complex subunit 7 is associated with variation in strength of the hypersensitive response in maize. We previously identified a QTL at 3,545,354 bp (B73 reference genome V2) on maize chromosome 5 associated with variation in the hypersensitive response (HR) conferred by the autoactive R-gene Rp1-D21 (Olukolu et al. in PLoS Genet 10:e1004562 2014). In this study, we show that a gene at this locus, GRMZM2G318346 which encodes a cytochrome b-c1 complex subunit seven (ZmQCR7), an important part of the mitochondrial electron transport chain, can suppress HR mediated by Rp1-D21 in a transient expression assay. ZmQCR7 alleles from two maize lines, W22 and B73 differ for the encoded proteins at just two sites, amino acid 27 (threonine and alanine in B73 and W22, respectively) and amino acid 109 (asparagine and serine), however, the B73 allele is much more effective at suppressing HR. We show that variation at amino acid 27 controlled this variation in HR-suppressing effects. We furthermore demonstrate that the B73 allele of ZmQCR7 can suppress HR induced by RPM1(D505 V), another autoactive R-gene, and that Arabidopsis homologs of ZmQCR7 can also suppress NLR-induced HR. The implications of these findings are discussed.}, number={5}, journal={PLANTA}, publisher={Springer Science and Business Media LLC}, author={He, Yijian and Kim, Saet-Byul and Balint-Kurti, Peter}, year={2019}, month={May}, pages={1477–1485} } @article{he_karre_johal_christensen_balint-kurti_2019, title={A maize polygalacturonase functions as a suppressor of programmed cell death in plants}, volume={19}, ISSN={1471-2229}, url={http://dx.doi.org/10.1186/s12870-019-1897-5}, DOI={10.1186/s12870-019-1897-5}, abstractNote={The hypersensitive defense response (HR) in plants is a fast, localized necrotic response around the point of pathogen ingress. HR is usually triggered by a pathogen recognition event mediated by a nucleotide-binding site, leucine-rich repeat (NLR) protein. The autoactive maize NLR gene Rp1-D21 confers a spontaneous HR response in the absence of pathogen recognition. Previous work identified a set of loci associated with variation in the strength of Rp1-D21-induced HR. A polygalacturonase gene homolog, here termed ZmPGH1, was identified as a possible causal gene at one of these loci on chromosome 7. Expression of ZmPGH1 inhibited the HR-inducing activity of both Rp1-D21 and that of another autoactive NLR, RPM1(D505V), in a Nicotiana benthamiana transient expression assay system. Overexpression of ZmPGH1 in a transposon insertion line of maize was associated with suppression of chemically-induced programmed cell death and with suppression of HR induced by Rp1-D21 in maize plants grown in the field. ZmPGH1 functions as a suppressor of programmed cell death induced by at least two autoactive NLR proteins and by two chemical inducers. These findings deepen our understanding of the control of the HR in plants.}, number={1}, journal={BMC Plant Biology}, publisher={Springer Science and Business Media LLC}, author={He, Yijian and Karre, Shailesh and Johal, Gurmukh S. and Christensen, Shawn A. and Balint-Kurti, Peter}, year={2019}, month={Jul} } @article{wagner_busby_balint‐kurti_2019, title={Analysis of leaf microbiome composition of near‐isogenic maize lines differing in broad‐spectrum disease resistance}, volume={225}, ISSN={0028-646X 1469-8137}, url={http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/nph.16284}, DOI={10.1111/nph.16284}, abstractNote={Summary}, number={5}, journal={New Phytologist}, publisher={Wiley}, author={Wagner, Maggie R. and Busby, Posy E. and Balint‐Kurti, Peter}, year={2019}, month={Nov}, pages={2152–2165} } @article{morales_zila_mejia_arbelaez_balint-kurti_holland_nelson_2019, title={Diverse Components of Resistance to Fusarium verticillioides Infection and Fumonisin Contamination in Four Maize Recombinant Inbred Families}, volume={11}, ISSN={["2072-6651"]}, url={http://www.mdpi.com/2072-6651/11/2/86}, DOI={10.3390/toxins11020086}, abstractNote={The fungus Fusarium verticillioides can infect maize ears, causing Fusarium ear rot (FER) and contaminating the grain with fumonisins (FUM), which are harmful to humans and animals. Breeding for resistance to FER and FUM and post-harvest sorting of grain are two strategies for reducing FUM in the food system. Kernel and cob tissues have been previously associated with differential FER and FUM. Four recombinant inbred line families from the maize nested associated mapping population were grown and inoculated with F. verticillioides across four environments, and we evaluated the kernels for external and internal infection severity as well as FUM contamination. We also employed publicly available phenotypes on innate ear morphology to explore genetic relationships between ear architecture and resistance to FER and FUM. The four families revealed wide variation in external symptomatology at the phenotypic level. Kernel bulk density under inoculation was an accurate indicator of FUM levels. Genotypes with lower kernel density—under both inoculated and uninoculated conditions—and larger cobs were more susceptible to infection and FUM contamination. Quantitative trait locus (QTL) intervals could be classified as putatively resistance-specific and putatively shared for ear and resistance traits. Both types of QTL mapped in this study had substantial overlap with previously reported loci for resistance to FER and FUM. Ear morphology may be a component of resistance to F. verticillioides infection and FUM accumulation.}, number={2}, journal={TOXINS}, author={Morales, Laura and Zila, Charles T. and Mejia, Danilo E. Moreta and Arbelaez, Melissa Montoya and Balint-Kurti, Peter J. and Holland, James B. and Nelson, Rebecca J.}, year={2019}, month={Feb} } @article{doblas-ibáñez_deng_vasquez_giese_cobine_kolkman_king_jamann_balint-kurti_de la fuente_et al._2019, title={Dominant, Heritable Resistance to Stewart’s Wilt in Maize Is Associated with an Enhanced Vascular Defense Response to Infection with Pantoea stewartii}, volume={32}, ISSN={0894-0282 1943-7706}, url={http://dx.doi.org/10.1094/MPMI-05-19-0129-R}, DOI={10.1094/MPMI-05-19-0129-R}, abstractNote={Vascular wilt bacteria such as Pantoea stewartii, the causal agent of Stewart’s bacterial wilt of maize (SW), are destructive pathogens that are difficult to control. These bacteria colonize the xylem, where they form biofilms that block sap flow leading to characteristic wilting symptoms. Heritable forms of SW resistance exist and are used in maize breeding programs but the underlying genes and mechanisms are mostly unknown. Here, we show that seedlings of maize inbred lines with pan1 mutations are highly resistant to SW. However, current evidence suggests that other genes introgressed along with pan1 are responsible for resistance. Genomic analyses of pan1 lines were used to identify candidate resistance genes. In-depth comparison of P. stewartii interaction with susceptible and resistant maize lines revealed an enhanced vascular defense response in pan1 lines characterized by accumulation of electron-dense materials in xylem conduits visible by electron microscopy. We propose that this vascular defense response restricts P. stewartii spread through the vasculature, reducing both systemic bacterial colonization of the xylem network and consequent wilting. Though apparently unrelated to the resistance phenotype of pan1 lines, we also demonstrate that the effector WtsE is essential for P. stewartii xylem dissemination, show evidence for a nutritional immunity response to P. stewartii that alters xylem sap composition, and present the first analysis of maize transcriptional responses to P. stewartii infection.}, number={12}, journal={Molecular Plant-Microbe Interactions®}, publisher={Scientific Societies}, author={Doblas-Ibáñez, Paula and Deng, Kaiyue and Vasquez, Miguel F. and Giese, Laura and Cobine, Paul A. and Kolkman, Judith M. and King, Helen and Jamann, Tiffany M. and Balint-Kurti, Peter and De La Fuente, Leonardo and et al.}, year={2019}, month={Dec}, pages={1581–1597} } @article{kimball_cui_chen_brown_rooney_stacey_balint-kurti_2019, title={Identification of QTL for Target Leaf Spot resistance in Sorghum bicolor and investigation of relationships between disease resistance and variation in the MAMP response}, volume={9}, ISSN={2045-2322}, url={http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/s41598-019-54802-x}, DOI={10.1038/s41598-019-54802-x}, abstractNote={Abstract}, number={1}, journal={Scientific Reports}, publisher={Springer Science and Business Media LLC}, author={Kimball, Jennifer and Cui, Yaya and Chen, Dongqin and Brown, Pat and Rooney, William L. and Stacey, Gary and Balint-Kurti, Peter J.}, year={2019}, month={Dec} } @article{samira_zhang_kimball_cui_stacey_balint-kurti_2019, title={Quantifying MAMP-induced Production of Reactive Oxygen Species in Sorghum and Maize}, volume={9}, ISSN={2331-8325}, url={http://dx.doi.org/10.21769/BioProtoc.3304}, DOI={10.21769/bioprotoc.3304}, abstractNote={1Dept of Entomology and Plant Pathology, NC State University, Raleigh NC 27695, USA; 2Institute of Life Science, Langfang Normal University, Langfang City, Hebei Province, 065000, China; 3Department of Agronomy and Plant Genetics, University of Minnesota, St. Paul, MN 55108, USA; 4Divisions of Plant Science and Biochemistry, C. S. Bond Life Science Center, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO 65211, USA; 5Plant Science Research Unit, USDA-ARS, Raleigh NC 27695, USA *For correspondence: Peter.Balint-Kurti@ARS.USDA.GOV}, number={14}, journal={BIO-PROTOCOL}, publisher={Bio-Protocol, LLC}, author={Samira, Rozalynne and Zhang, Xinye and Kimball, Jennifer and Cui, Yaya and Stacey, Gary and Balint-Kurti, Peter}, year={2019} } @article{balint‐kurti_2019, title={The plant hypersensitive response: concepts, control and consequences}, volume={20}, ISSN={1464-6722 1364-3703}, url={http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/mpp.12821}, DOI={10.1111/mpp.12821}, abstractNote={Summary}, number={8}, journal={Molecular Plant Pathology}, publisher={Wiley}, author={Balint‐Kurti, Peter}, year={2019}, month={Jul}, pages={1163–1178} } @article{lopez-zuniga_wolters_davis_weldekidan_kolkman_nelson_hooda_rucker_thomason_wisser_et al._2019, title={Using Maize Chromosome Segment Substitution Line Populations for the Identification of Loci Associated with Multiple Disease Resistance}, volume={9}, ISSN={2160-1836}, url={http://dx.doi.org/10.1534/g3.118.200866}, DOI={10.1534/g3.118.200866}, abstractNote={Abstract}, number={1}, journal={G3 Genes|Genomes|Genetics}, publisher={Oxford University Press (OUP)}, author={Lopez-Zuniga, Luis O and Wolters, Petra and Davis, Scott and Weldekidan, Teclemariam and Kolkman, Judith M and Nelson, Rebecca and Hooda, K S and Rucker, Elizabeth and Thomason, Wade and Wisser, Randall and et al.}, year={2019}, month={Jan}, pages={189–201} } @article{martins_rucker_thomason_wisser_holland_balint-kurti_2019, title={Validation and Characterization of Maize Multiple Disease Resistance QTL}, volume={9}, ISSN={2160-1836}, url={http://dx.doi.org/10.1534/g3.119.400195}, DOI={10.1534/g3.119.400195}, abstractNote={Abstract}, number={9}, journal={G3 Genes|Genomes|Genetics}, publisher={Oxford University Press (OUP)}, author={Martins, Lais B and Rucker, Elizabeth and Thomason, Wade and Wisser, Randall J and Holland, James B and Balint-Kurti, Peter}, year={2019}, month={Sep}, pages={2905–2912} } @article{cooper_balint-kurti_jamann_2018, title={Identification of Quantitative Trait Loci for Goss’s Wilt of Maize}, volume={58}, url={http://dx.doi.org/10.2135/cropsci2017.10.0618}, DOI={10.2135/cropsci2017.10.0618}, abstractNote={Since its discovery in 1969, Goss's wilt, a foliar blight and vascular wilt disease caused by the Gram‐positive bacterium Clavibacter michiganensis (Smith) Davis et al. subsp. nebraskensis (Vidaver & Mandel) Davis et al. (Cmn), has emerged as one of the top four diseases of maize (Zea mays L.) in the United States and Ontario, Canada. No source of complete resistance has been described for Goss's wilt, and little is known about the genetic and mechanistic basis of host resistance to Cmn. Our objective was to perform linkage mapping on three populations to uncover the genomic regions associated with Goss's wilt resistance. We evaluated the intermated B73 × Mo17 population and two corresponding disease‐resistant introgression line populations: B73(4) × Mo17 and Mo17(4) × B73. We identified putative quantitative trait loci (QTLs) in bins 1.05 to 1.06, 2.06, 7.01 to 7.02, 8.05, and 10.04, both confirming previous findings and identifying novel resistance QTLs. The QTL on chromosome 1, designated qGW1.06, was identified in multiple environments and overlaps with a known multiple disease resistance locus. The QTL in bin 8.05 represents a novel region associated with Goss's wilt. Using the data from this study and previous studies, we found that Goss's wilt resistance was correlated with northern leaf blight [Setosphaeria turcica (Luttr.) K.J. Leonard & Suggs], but not gray leaf spot (Cercospora spp.) or southern leaf blight [Cochliobolus heterostrophus (Drechsler) Drechsler]. These results offer a deeper understanding of the genetic basis of resistance to Goss's wilt in maize that may facilitate breeding for resistance, and qGW1.06 is a strong candidate for further characterization and use.}, number={3}, journal={Crop Science}, author={Cooper, J.S. and Balint-Kurti, P.J. and Jamann, T.M.}, year={2018}, pages={1192–1200} } @article{xiaodong_olukolu_yang_balint-kurti_2018, title={Identification of a locus in maize controlling response to a host-selective toxin derived from Cochliobolus heterostrophus, causal agent of southern leaf blight}, volume={131}, ISSN={0040-5752 1432-2242}, url={http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00122-018-3175-6}, DOI={10.1007/s00122-018-3175-6}, abstractNote={A host-selective, proteinaceous maize toxin was identified from the culture filtrate of the maize pathogen Cochliobolus heterostrophus. A dominant gene for toxin susceptibility was identified on maize chromosome 4. A toxic activity was identified from the culture filtrate (CF) of the fungus Cochliobolus heterostrophus, causal agent of the maize disease southern leaf blight (SLB) with differential toxicity on maize lines. Two independent mapping populations; a 113-line recombinant inbred line population and a 258-line association population, were used to map loci associated with sensitivity to the CF at the seedling stage. A major QTL on chromosome 4 was identified at the same locus using both populations. Mapping in the association population defined a 400 kb region that contained the sensitivity locus. By comparing CF-sensitivity of the parents of the RIL population with that of the F 1 progeny, we determined that the sensitivity allele was dominant. No relationship was observed between CF-sensitivity in seedlings and SLB susceptibility in mature plants; however, a significant correlation (- 0.58) was observed between SLB susceptibility and CF-sensitivity in seedlings. The activity of the CF was light-dependent and was sensitive to pronase, indicating that the toxin was proteinaceous.}, number={12}, journal={Theoretical and Applied Genetics}, publisher={Springer Science and Business Media LLC}, author={Xiaodong, Xie and Olukolu, Bode and Yang, Qin and Balint-Kurti, Peter}, year={2018}, month={Sep}, pages={2601–2612} } @article{sermons_balint-kurti_2018, title={Large Scale Field Inoculation and Scoring of Maize Southern Leaf Blight and Other Maize Foliar Fungal Diseases}, volume={8}, ISSN={2331-8325}, url={http://dx.doi.org/10.21769/BioProtoc.2745}, DOI={10.21769/BioProtoc.2745}, abstractNote={Field-grown maize is inoculated with Cochliobolus heterostrophus, causal agent of southern leaf blight disease, by dropping sorghum grains infested with the fungus into the whorl of each maize plant at an early stage of growth. The initial lesions produce secondary inoculum that is dispersed by wind and rain, causing multiple cycles of infection that assures a high uniform disease pressure over the entire field by the time of disease scoring, which occurs after anthesis. This method, with slight modifications, can also be used to study the maize fungal diseases northern leaf blight (caused by Exserohilum turcicum) and gray leaf spot (Cercospora zeae-maydis).}, number={5}, journal={BIO-PROTOCOL}, publisher={Bio-Protocol, LLC}, author={Sermons, Shannon and Balint-Kurti, Peter}, year={2018} } @article{minker_biedrzycki_kolagunda_rhein_perina_jacobs_moore_jamann_yang_nelson_et al._2018, title={Semiautomated Confocal Imaging of Fungal Pathogenesis on Plants: Microscopic Analysis of Macroscopic Specimens}, volume={81}, ISSN={["1097-0029"]}, url={http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?eid=2-s2.0-84977595779&partnerID=MN8TOARS}, DOI={10.1002/jemt.22709}, abstractNote={ABSTRACT}, number={2}, journal={MICROSCOPY RESEARCH AND TECHNIQUE}, author={Minker, Katharine R. and Biedrzycki, Meredith L. and Kolagunda, Abhishek and Rhein, Stephen and Perina, Fabiano J. and Jacobs, Samuel S. and Moore, Michael and Jamann, Tiffany M. and Yang, Qin and Nelson, Rebecca and et al.}, year={2018}, month={Feb}, pages={141–152} } @article{yang_he_kabahuma_chaya_kelly_borrego_bian_el kasmi_yang_teixeira_et al._2017, title={A gene encoding maize caffeoyl-CoA O-methyltransferase confers quantitative resistance to multiple pathogens}, volume={49}, url={http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/ng.3919}, DOI={10.1038/ng.3919 http://www.nature.com/ng/journal/v49/n9/abs/ng.3919.html#supplementary-information}, number={9}, journal={Nat Genet}, publisher={Nature Publishing Group, a division of Macmillan Publishers Limited. All Rights Reserved.}, author={Yang, Qin and He, Yijian and Kabahuma, Mercy and Chaya, Timothy and Kelly, Amy and Borrego, Eli and Bian, Yang and El Kasmi, Farid and Yang, Li and Teixeira, Paulo and et al.}, year={2017}, pages={1364–1372} } @article{yang_he_kabahuma_chaya_kelly_borrego_bian_el kasmi_yang_teixeira_et al._2017, title={A gene encoding maize caffeoyl-CoA O-methyltransferase confers quantitative resistance to multiple pathogens}, volume={49}, ISSN={1061-4036 1546-1718}, url={http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/ng.3919}, DOI={10.1038/ng.3919}, abstractNote={Alleles that confer multiple disease resistance (MDR) are valuable in crop improvement, although the molecular mechanisms underlying their functions remain largely unknown. A quantitative trait locus, qMdr9.02, associated with resistance to three important foliar maize diseases-southern leaf blight, gray leaf spot and northern leaf blight-has been identified on maize chromosome 9. Through fine-mapping, association analysis, expression analysis, insertional mutagenesis and transgenic validation, we demonstrate that ZmCCoAOMT2, which encodes a caffeoyl-CoA O-methyltransferase associated with the phenylpropanoid pathway and lignin production, is the gene within qMdr9.02 conferring quantitative resistance to both southern leaf blight and gray leaf spot. We suggest that resistance might be caused by allelic variation at the level of both gene expression and amino acid sequence, thus resulting in differences in levels of lignin and other metabolites of the phenylpropanoid pathway and regulation of programmed cell death.}, number={9}, journal={Nature Genetics}, publisher={Springer Science and Business Media LLC}, author={Yang, Qin and He, Yijian and Kabahuma, Mercy and Chaya, Timothy and Kelly, Amy and Borrego, Eli and Bian, Yang and El Kasmi, Farid and Yang, Li and Teixeira, Paulo and et al.}, year={2017}, month={Jul}, pages={1364–1372} } @article{zhang_yang_rucker_thomason_balint-kurti_2017, title={Fine mapping of a quantitative resistance gene for gray leaf spot of maize (Zea mays L.) derived from teosinte (Z-mays ssp parviglumis)}, volume={130}, ISSN={["1432-2242"]}, url={https://doi.org/10.1007/s00122-017-2888-2}, DOI={10.1007/s00122-017-2888-2}, abstractNote={In this study we mapped the QTL Qgls8 for gray leaf spot (GLS) resistance in maize to a ~130 kb region on chromosome 8 including five predicted genes. In previous work, using near isogenic line (NIL) populations in which segments of the teosinte (Zea mays ssp. parviglumis) genome had been introgressed into the background of the maize line B73, we had identified a QTL on chromosome 8, here called Qgls8, for gray leaf spot (GLS) resistance. We identified alternate teosinte alleles at this QTL, one conferring increased GLS resistance and one increased susceptibility relative to the B73 allele. Using segregating populations derived from NIL parents carrying these contrasting alleles, we were able to delimit the QTL region to a ~130 kb (based on the B73 genome) which encompassed five predicted genes.}, number={6}, journal={THEORETICAL AND APPLIED GENETICS}, publisher={Springer Science and Business Media LLC}, author={Zhang, Xinye and Yang, Qin and Rucker, Elizabeth and Thomason, Wade and Balint-Kurti, Peter}, year={2017}, month={Jun}, pages={1285–1295} } @article{zhang_valdés-lópez_arellano_stacey_balint-kurti_2017, title={Genetic dissection of the maize (Zea mays L.) MAMP response}, volume={130}, ISSN={0040-5752 1432-2242}, url={http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00122-017-2876-6}, DOI={10.1007/s00122-017-2876-6}, abstractNote={Loci associated with variation in maize responses to two microbe-associated molecular patterns (MAMPs) were identified. MAMP responses were correlated. No relationship between MAMP responses and quantitative disease resistance was identified. Microbe-associated molecular patterns (MAMPs) are highly conserved molecules commonly found in microbes which can be recognized by plant pattern recognition receptors. Recognition triggers a suite of responses including production of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and nitric oxide (NO) and expression changes of defense-related genes. In this study, we used two well-studied MAMPs (flg22 and chitooctaose) to challenge different maize lines to determine whether there was variation in the level of responses to these MAMPs, to dissect the genetic basis underlying that variation and to understand the relationship between MAMP response and quantitative disease resistance (QDR). Naturally occurring quantitative variation in ROS, NO production, and defense genes expression levels triggered by MAMPs was observed. A major quantitative traits locus (QTL) associated with variation in the ROS production response to both flg22 and chitooctaose was identified on chromosome 2 in a recombinant inbred line (RIL) population derived from the maize inbred lines B73 and CML228. Minor QTL associated with variation in the flg22 ROS response was identified on chromosomes 1 and 4. Comparison of these results with data previously obtained for variation in QDR and the defense response in the same RIL population did not provide any evidence for a common genetic basis controlling variation in these traits.}, number={6}, journal={Theoretical and Applied Genetics}, publisher={Springer Science and Business Media LLC}, author={Zhang, Xinye and Valdés-López, Oswaldo and Arellano, Consuelo and Stacey, Gary and Balint-Kurti, Peter}, year={2017}, month={Mar}, pages={1155–1168} } @inbook{balint-kurti_shew_cowger_2017, place={Boca Raton, FL}, title={Host Resistance}, ISBN={9781315380773}, booktitle={Plant Pathology: Concepts and Laboratory Exercises}, publisher={CRC Press}, author={Balint-Kurti, P. and Shew, D. and Cowger, C.}, editor={Ownley, B. and Trigiano, R.Editors}, year={2017} } @article{lennon_krakowsky_goodman_flint‐garcia_balint‐kurti_2017, title={Identification of Teosinte Alleles for Resistance to Southern Leaf Blight in Near Isogenic Maize Lines}, volume={57}, ISSN={0011-183X 1435-0653}, url={http://dx.doi.org/10.2135/cropsci2016.12.0979}, DOI={10.2135/cropsci2016.12.0979}, abstractNote={Southern leaf blight ([SLB], causal agent Cochliobolus heterostrophus) is an important fungal disease of maize (Zea mays L.). Teosinte (Z. mays ssp. parviglumis), the wild progenitor of maize, offers a novel source of resistance alleles that may have been lost during domestication. The aims of this study were to identify teosinte alleles that, when present in a temperate maize background, confer a significant level of resistance to SLB. Ten populations of BC4S2 near isogenic lines (NILs), developed by crossing 10 different teosinte accessions to the maize inbred B73, comprising 774 lines in total, were screened for SLB resistance. Quantitative trait locus (QTL) analysis identified four significant QTL associated with SLB in bins 2.04, 3.04, 3.05, and 8.05. Sixteen individual NILs which were significantly different to the susceptible recurrent parent, B73 and which were carrying at least one of the teosinte‐derived resistance alleles were used to develop F2:3 populations by crossing each to B73 followed by two rounds of self‐pollination. These F2:3 populations were evaluated for SLB resistance and genotyped at the loci of interest. In 13 of 19 cases single marker analysis validated allelic substitution effects predicted from the original NIL population analysis, while in five cases we were not able to validate the effects and in one case a significant effect was detected in the opposite to the predicted direction. An allele at the QTL in bin 2.04 was shown to confer resistance to both SLB and a second maize foliar disease, gray leaf spot (GLS).}, number={4}, journal={Crop Science}, publisher={Wiley}, author={Lennon, Jill R. and Krakowsky, Matthew and Goodman, Major and Flint‐Garcia, Sherry and Balint‐Kurti, Peter J.}, year={2017}, month={May}, pages={1973–1983} } @article{nelson_wiesner-hanks_wisser_balint-kurti_2017, title={Navigating complexity to breed disease-resistant crops}, volume={19}, ISSN={1471-0056 1471-0064}, url={http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/nrg.2017.82}, DOI={10.1038/nrg.2017.82}, abstractNote={Plant diseases are responsible for substantial crop losses each year and pose a threat to global food security and agricultural sustainability. Improving crop resistance to pathogens through breeding is an environmentally sound method for managing disease and minimizing these losses. However, it is challenging to breed varieties with resistance that is effective, stable and broad-spectrum. Recent advances in genetic and genomic technologies have contributed to a better understanding of the complexity of host-pathogen interactions and have identified some of the genes and mechanisms that underlie resistance. This new knowledge is benefiting crop improvement through better-informed breeding strategies that utilize diverse forms of resistance at different scales, from the genome of a single plant to the plant varieties deployed across a region.}, number={1}, journal={Nature Reviews Genetics}, publisher={Springer Science and Business Media LLC}, author={Nelson, Rebecca and Wiesner-Hanks, Tyr and Wisser, Randall and Balint-Kurti, Peter}, year={2017}, month={Nov}, pages={21–33} } @article{yang_balint-kurti_xu_2017, title={Quantitative Disease Resistance: Dissection and Adoption in Maize}, volume={10}, ISSN={1674-2052}, url={http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.molp.2017.02.004}, DOI={10.1016/j.molp.2017.02.004}, abstractNote={Maize is the world’s most produced crop, providing food, feed, and biofuel. Maize production is constantly threatened by the presence of devastating pathogens worldwide. Characterization of the genetic components underlying disease resistance is a major research area in maize which is highly relevant for resistance breeding programs. Quantitative disease resistance (QDR) is the type of resistance most widely used by maize breeders. The past decade has witnessed significant progress in fine-mapping and cloning of genes controlling QDR. The molecular mechanisms underlying QDR remain poorly understood and exploited. In this review we discuss recent advances in maize QDR research and strategy for resistance breeding.}, number={3}, journal={Molecular Plant}, publisher={Elsevier BV}, author={Yang, Qin and Balint-Kurti, Peter and Xu, Mingliang}, year={2017}, month={Mar}, pages={402–413} } @article{olukolu_tracy_wisser_de vries_balint-kurti_2016, title={A Genome-Wide Association Study for Partial Resistance to Maize Common Rust}, volume={106}, ISSN={["1943-7684"]}, url={http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?eid=2-s2.0-84975087459&partnerID=MN8TOARS}, DOI={10.1094/phyto-11-15-0305-r}, abstractNote={Quantitative resistance to maize common rust (causal agent Puccinia sorghi) was assessed in an association mapping population of 274 diverse inbred lines. Resistance to common rust was found to be moderately correlated with resistance to three other diseases and with the severity of the hypersensitive defense response previously assessed in the same population. Using a mixed linear model accounting for the confounding effects of population structure and flowering time, genome-wide association tests were performed based at 246,497 single-nucleotide polymorphism loci. Three loci associated with maize common rust resistance were identified. Candidate genes at each locus had predicted roles, mainly in cell wall modification. Other candidate genes included a resistance gene and a gene with a predicted role in regulating accumulation of reactive oxygen species.}, number={7}, journal={PHYTOPATHOLOGY}, author={Olukolu, Bode A. and Tracy, William F. and Wisser, Randall and De Vries, Brian and Balint-Kurti, Peter J.}, year={2016}, month={Jul}, pages={745–751} } @article{liu_cook_melia‐hancock_guill_bottoms_garcia_ott_nelson_recker_balint‐kurti_et al._2016, title={Expanding Maize Genetic Resources with Predomestication Alleles: Maize–Teosinte Introgression Populations}, volume={9}, ISSN={1940-3372 1940-3372}, url={http://dx.doi.org/10.3835/plantgenome2015.07.0053}, DOI={10.3835/plantgenome2015.07.0053}, abstractNote={Teosinte (Zea mays subsp. parviglumis H. H. Iltis & Doebley) has greater genetic diversity than maize inbreds and landraces (Z. mays subsp. mays). There are, however, limited genetic resources to efficiently evaluate and tap this diversity. To broaden resources for genetic diversity studies in maize, we developed and evaluated 928 near‐isogenic introgression lines (NILs) from 10 teosinte accessions in the B73 background. Joint linkage analysis of the 10 introgression populations identified several large‐effect quantitative trait loci (QTL) for days to anthesis (DTA), kernel row number (KRN), and 50‐kernel weight (Wt50k). Our results confirm prior reports of kernel domestication loci and identify previously uncharacterized QTL with a range of allelic effects enabling future research into the genetic basis of these traits. Additionally, we used a targeted set of NILs to validate the effects of a KRN QTL located on chromosome 2. These introgression populations offer novel tools for QTL discovery and validation as well as a platform for initiating fine mapping.}, number={1}, journal={The Plant Genome}, publisher={Wiley}, author={Liu, Zhengbin and Cook, Jason and Melia‐Hancock, Susan and Guill, Katherine and Bottoms, Christopher and Garcia, Arturo and Ott, Oliver and Nelson, Rebecca and Recker, Jill and Balint‐Kurti, Peter and et al.}, year={2016}, month={Mar} } @article{lennon_krakowsky_goodman_flint-garcia_balint-kurti_2016, title={Identification of Alleles Conferring Resistance to Gray Leaf Spot in Maize Derived from its Wild Progenitor Species Teosinte}, volume={56}, ISSN={0011-183X}, url={http://dx.doi.org/10.2135/cropsci2014.07.0468}, DOI={10.2135/cropsci2014.07.0468}, abstractNote={ABSTRACT}, number={1}, journal={Crop Science}, publisher={Wiley}, author={Lennon, Jill R. and Krakowsky, Matthew and Goodman, Major and Flint-Garcia, Sherry and Balint-Kurti, Peter J.}, year={2016}, month={Jan}, pages={209–218} } @article{wang_balint-kurti_2016, title={Maize Homologs of CCoAOMT and HCT, Two Key Enzymes in Lignin Biosynthesis, Form Complexes with the NLR Rp1 Protein to Modulate the Defense Response}, volume={171}, ISSN={0032-0889 1532-2548}, url={http://dx.doi.org/10.1104/pp.16.00224}, DOI={10.1104/pp.16.00224}, abstractNote={Maize caffeoyl CoA O-methyltransferase and hydroxycinnamoyltransferase proteins, which are key enzymes in lignin biosynthesis, form a complex with NLR Rp1 protein to regulate the hypersensitive defense response. Disease resistance (R) genes encode nucleotide binding Leu-rich-repeat (NLR) proteins that confer resistance to specific pathogens. Upon pathogen recognition they trigger a defense response that usually includes a so-called hypersensitive response (HR), a rapid localized cell death at the site of pathogen infection. Intragenic recombination between two maize (Zea mays) NLRs, Rp1-D and Rp1-dp2, resulted in the formation of a hybrid NLR, Rp1-D21, which confers an autoactive HR in the absence of pathogen infection. From a previous quantitative trait loci and genome-wide association study, we identified genes encoding two key enzymes in lignin biosynthesis, hydroxycinnamoyltransferase (HCT) and caffeoyl CoA O-methyltransferase (CCoAOMT), adjacent to the nucleotide polymorphisms that were highly associated with variation in the severity of Rp1-D21-induced HR. We have previously shown that the two maize HCT homologs suppress the HR conferred by Rp1-D21 in a heterologous system, very likely through physical interaction. Here, we show, similarly, that CCoAOMT2 suppresses the HR induced by either the full-length or by the N-terminal coiled-coil domain of Rp1-D21 also likely via physical interaction and that the metabolic activity of CCoAOMT2 is unlikely to be necessary for its role in suppressing HR. We also demonstrate that CCoAOMT2, HCTs, and Rp1 proteins can form in the same complexes. A model is derived to explain the roles of CCoAOMT and HCT in Rp1-mediated defense resistance.}, number={3}, journal={Plant Physiology}, publisher={Oxford University Press (OUP)}, author={Wang, Guan-Feng and Balint-Kurti, Peter J.}, year={2016}, month={May}, pages={2166–2177} } @article{olukolu_bian_de vries_tracy_wisser_holland_balint-kurti_2016, title={The Genetics of Leaf Flecking in Maize and Its Relationship to Plant Defense and Disease Resistance}, volume={172}, ISSN={0032-0889 1532-2548}, url={http://dx.doi.org/10.1104/pp.15.01870}, DOI={10.1104/pp.15.01870}, abstractNote={Leaf flecking in maize may be related to disease resistance and to a diverse set of metabolic pathways. Physiological leaf spotting, or flecking, is a mild-lesion phenotype observed on the leaves of several commonly used maize (Zea mays) inbred lines and has been anecdotally linked to enhanced broad-spectrum disease resistance. Flecking was assessed in the maize nested association mapping (NAM) population, comprising 4,998 recombinant inbred lines from 25 biparental families, and in an association population, comprising 279 diverse maize inbreds. Joint family linkage analysis was conducted with 7,386 markers in the NAM population. Genome-wide association tests were performed with 26.5 million single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in the NAM population and with 246,497 SNPs in the association population, resulting in the identification of 18 and three loci associated with variation in flecking, respectively. Many of the candidate genes colocalizing with associated SNPs are similar to genes that function in plant defense response via cell wall modification, salicylic acid- and jasmonic acid-dependent pathways, redox homeostasis, stress response, and vesicle trafficking/remodeling. Significant positive correlations were found between increased flecking, stronger defense response, increased disease resistance, and increased pest resistance. A nonlinear relationship with total kernel weight also was observed whereby lines with relatively high levels of flecking had, on average, lower total kernel weight. We present evidence suggesting that mild flecking could be used as a selection criterion for breeding programs trying to incorporate broad-spectrum disease resistance.}, number={3}, journal={Plant Physiology}, publisher={Oxford University Press (OUP)}, author={Olukolu, Bode A. and Bian, Yang and De Vries, Brian and Tracy, William F. and Wisser, Randall J. and Holland, James B. and Balint-Kurti, Peter J.}, year={2016}, month={Sep}, pages={1787–1803} } @article{wang_balint-kurti_2015, title={Cytoplasmic and Nuclear Localizations Are Important for the Hypersensitive Response Conferred by Maize Autoactive Rp1-D21 Protein}, volume={28}, ISSN={["1943-7706"]}, url={http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?eid=2-s2.0-84942513115&partnerID=MN8TOARS}, DOI={10.1094/mpmi-01-15-0014-r}, abstractNote={ Disease resistance (R) genes have been isolated from many plant species. Most encode nucleotide binding leucine-rich repeat (NLR) proteins that trigger a rapid localized programmed cell death called the hypersensitive response (HR) upon pathogen recognition. Despite their structural similarities, different NLR are distributed in a range of subcellular locations, and analogous domains play diverse functional roles. The autoactive maize NLR gene Rp1-D21 derives from an intragenic recombination between two NLR genes, Rp1-D and Rp1-dp2, and confers a HR independent of the presence of a pathogen. Rp1-D21 and its N-terminal coiled coil (CC) domain (CCD21) confer autoactive HR when transiently expressed in Nicotiana benthamiana. Rp1-D21 was predominantly localized in cytoplasm with a small amount in the nucleus, while CCD21 was localized in both nucleus and cytoplasm. Targeting of Rp1-D21 or CCD21 predominantly to either the nucleus or the cytoplasm abolished HR-inducing activity. Coexpression of Rp1-D21 or CCD21 constructs confined, respectively, to the nucleus and cytoplasm did not rescue full activity, suggesting nucleocytoplasmic movement was important for HR induction. This work emphasizes the diverse structural and subcellular localization requirements for activity found among plant NLR R genes. }, number={9}, journal={MOLECULAR PLANT-MICROBE INTERACTIONS}, publisher={Scientific Societies}, author={Wang, Guan-Feng and Balint-Kurti, Peter J.}, year={2015}, month={Sep}, pages={1023–1031} } @article{wang_he_strauch_olukolu_nielsen_li_balint-kurti_2015, title={Maize Homologs of HCT, a Key Enzyme in Lignin Biosynthesis, Bind the NLR Rp1 Proteins to Modulate the Defense Response}, volume={169}, ISSN={0032-0889 1532-2548}, url={http://dx.doi.org/10.1104/pp.15.00703}, DOI={10.1104/pp.15.00703}, abstractNote={Homologs of hydroxycinnamoyltransferase, involved in lignin biosynthesis, interact directly with leucine-rich receptor proteins to suppress the hypersensitive response. In plants, most disease resistance genes encode nucleotide binding Leu-rich repeat (NLR) proteins that trigger a rapid localized cell death called a hypersensitive response (HR) upon pathogen recognition. The maize (Zea mays) NLR protein Rp1-D21 derives from an intragenic recombination between two NLRs, Rp1-D and Rp1-dp2, and confers an autoactive HR in the absence of pathogen infection. From a previous quantitative trait loci and genome-wide association study, we identified a single-nucleotide polymorphism locus highly associated with variation in the severity of Rp1-D21-induced HR. Two maize genes encoding hydroxycinnamoyltransferase (HCT; a key enzyme involved in lignin biosynthesis) homologs, termed HCT1806 and HCT4918, were adjacent to this single-nucleotide polymorphism. Here, we show that both HCT1806 and HCT4918 physically interact with and suppress the HR conferred by Rp1-D21 but not other autoactive NLRs when transiently coexpressed in Nicotiana benthamiana. Other maize HCT homologs are unable to confer the same level of suppression on Rp1-D21-induced HR. The metabolic activity of HCT1806 and HCT4918 is unlikely to be necessary for their role in suppressing HR. We show that the lignin pathway is activated by Rp1-D21 at both the transcriptional and metabolic levels. We derive a model to explain the roles of HCT1806 and HCT4918 in Rp1-mediated disease resistance.}, number={3}, journal={Plant Physiology}, publisher={American Society of Plant Biologists (ASPB)}, author={Wang, Guan-Feng and He, Yijian and Strauch, Renee and Olukolu, Bode and Nielsen, Dahlia and Li, Xu and Balint-Kurti, Peter}, year={2015}, month={Sep}, pages={pp.00703.2015} } @article{wang_he_strauch_olukolu_nielsen_li_balint-kurti_2015, title={Maize homologs of hydroxycinnamoyltransferase, a key enzyme in lignin biosynthesis, bind the nucleotide binding leucine-rich repeat Rp1 proteins to modulate the defense response}, volume={169}, number={3}, journal={Plant Physiology}, author={Wang, G. F. and He, Y. J. and Strauch, R. and Olukolu, B. A. and Nielsen, D. and Li, X. and Balint-Kurti, P. J.}, year={2015}, pages={2230–2243} } @article{wang_ji_ei-kasmi_dangl_johal_balint-kurti_2015, title={Molecular and Functional Analyses of a Maize Autoactive NB-LRR Protein Identify Precise Structural Requirements for Activity}, volume={11}, ISSN={1553-7374}, url={http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.ppat.1004674}, DOI={10.1371/journal.ppat.1004674}, abstractNote={Plant disease resistance is often mediated by nucleotide binding-leucine rich repeat (NLR) proteins which remain auto-inhibited until recognition of specific pathogen-derived molecules causes their activation, triggering a rapid, localized cell death called a hypersensitive response (HR). Three domains are recognized in one of the major classes of NLR proteins: a coiled-coil (CC), a nucleotide binding (NB-ARC) and a leucine rich repeat (LRR) domains. The maize NLR gene Rp1-D21 derives from an intergenic recombination event between two NLR genes, Rp1-D and Rp1-dp2 and confers an autoactive HR. We report systematic structural and functional analyses of Rp1 proteins in maize and N. benthamiana to characterize the molecular mechanism of NLR activation/auto-inhibition. We derive a model comprising the following three main features: Rp1 proteins appear to self-associate to become competent for activity. The CC domain is signaling-competent and is sufficient to induce HR. This can be suppressed by the NB-ARC domain through direct interaction. In autoactive proteins, the interaction of the LRR domain with the NB-ARC domain causes de-repression and thus disrupts the inhibition of HR. Further, we identify specific amino acids and combinations thereof that are important for the auto-inhibition/activity of Rp1 proteins. We also provide evidence for the function of MHD2, a previously uncharacterized, though widely conserved NLR motif. This work reports several novel insights into the precise structural requirement for NLR function and informs efforts towards utilizing these proteins for engineering disease resistance.}, number={2}, journal={PLOS Pathogens}, publisher={Public Library of Science (PLoS)}, author={Wang, Guan-Feng and Ji, Jiabing and EI-Kasmi, Farid and Dangl, Jeffery L. and Johal, Guri and Balint-Kurti, Peter J.}, editor={Mackey, DavidEditor}, year={2015}, month={Feb}, pages={e1004674} } @article{balint-kurti_holland_2015, title={New insight into a complex plant–fungal pathogen interaction}, volume={47}, ISSN={1061-4036 1546-1718}, url={http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/ng.3203}, DOI={10.1038/ng.3203}, abstractNote={The coevolution of plants and microbes has shaped plant mechanisms that detect and repel pathogens. A newly identified plant gene confers partial resistance to a fungal pathogen not by preventing initial infection but by limiting its spread through the plant.}, number={2}, journal={Nature Genetics}, publisher={Springer Science and Business Media LLC}, author={Balint-Kurti, Peter J and Holland, James B}, year={2015}, month={Jan}, pages={101–103} } @misc{jamann_balint-kurti_holland_2015, title={QTL Mapping Using High-Throughput Sequencing}, volume={1284}, ISBN={9781493924431 9781493924448}, ISSN={1064-3745 1940-6029}, url={http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4939-2444-8_13}, DOI={10.1007/978-1-4939-2444-8_13}, abstractNote={Quantitative trait locus (QTL) mapping in plants dates to the 1980s (Stuber et al. Crop Sci 27: 639–648, 1987; Paterson et al. Nature 335: 721–726, 1988), but earlier studies were often hindered by the expense and time required to identify large numbers of polymorphic genetic markers that differentiated the parental genotypes and then to genotype them on large segregating mapping populations. High-throughput sequencing has provided an efficient means to discover single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) that can then be assayed rapidly on large populations with array-based techniques (Gupta et al. Heredity 101: 5–18, 2008). Alternatively, high-throughput sequencing methods such as restriction site-associated DNA sequencing (RAD-Seq) (Davey et al. Nat Rev Genet 12: 499–510, 2011; Baird et al. PloS ONE 3: e3376, 2008) and genotyping-by-sequencing (GBS) (Elshire et al. PLoS One 6: 2011; Glaubitz et al. PLoS One 9: e90346, 2014) can be used to identify and genotype polymorphic markers directly. Linkage disequilibrium (LD) between markers and causal variants is needed to detect QTL. The earliest QTL mapping methods used backcross and F2 generations of crosses between inbred lines, which have high levels of linkage disequilibrium (dependent entirely on the recombination frequency between chromosomal positions), to ensure that QTL would have sufficiently high linkage disequilibrium with one or more markers on sparse genetic linkage maps. The downside of this approach is that resolution of QTL positions is poor. The sequencing technology revolution, by facilitating genotyping of vastly more markers than was previously feasible, has allowed researchers to map QTL in situations of lower linkage disequilibrium, and consequently, at higher resolution. We provide a review of methods to identify QTL with higher precision than was previously possible. We discuss modifications of the traditional biparental mapping population that provide higher resolution of QTL positions, QTL fine-mapping procedures, and genome-wide association studies, all of which are greatly facilitated by high-throughput sequencing methods. Each of these procedures has many variants, and consequently many details to consider; we focus our chapter on the consequences of practical decisions that researchers make when designing QTL mapping studies and when analyzing the resulting data. The ultimate goal of many of these studies is to resolve a QTL to its causal sequence variation.}, journal={Methods in Molecular Biology}, publisher={Springer New York}, author={Jamann, Tiffany M. and Balint-Kurti, Peter J. and Holland, James B.}, year={2015}, pages={257–285} } @article{pratt_holland_balint-kurti_coles_zwonitzer_casey_mcmullen_2015, title={Registration of the Ki14 × B73 Recombinant Inbred Mapping Population of Maize}, volume={9}, ISSN={1936-5209}, url={http://dx.doi.org/10.3198/jpr2014.06.0041crmp}, DOI={10.3198/jpr2014.06.0041crmp}, abstractNote={The Ohio Agricultural Research and Development Center released Ki14 × B73 maize (Zea mays L.) mapping population (Reg. No. MP-2, MGS 9025066 MAP; Maize Genetics COOP Stock Center no. Z042), a set of 119 recombinant inbred lines (RILs), in 2007. The mapping population was derived from a biparental cross between tropical inbred Ki14 (NCRPIS accession Ames 27259) and temperate inbred B73 (Reg. No. PL-17, PI 550473). One hundred sixteen of the original RILs were used for mapping quantitative trait loci associated with host resistance to foliar pathogens inciting southern corn leaf blight [caused by Cochliobolus heterostrophus (Drechs.)], gray leaf spot, (caused by Cercospora zeae-maydis Tehon & E.Y. Daniels), and northern corn leaf blight [caused by Setosphaeria turcica (Luttrell) K.J. Leonard & E.G. Suggs], three traits associated with maturity—days to anthesis, days to silking, and anther silk interval—and two morphological traits, plant and ear height. The genetic marker data included 765 single nucleotide polymorphisms and 74 simple sequence repeat markers genotyped on all the RILs and constructed into a genetic map. It is envisioned that the high level of host resistance of Ki14 and the agronomic performance of B73 will invite use of the population as a germplasm source for improved host resistance of temperate zone, and increased yield potential, of tropical zone maize. Distribution of the RIL mapping population will allow public access to this resource for continued mapping, gene discovery, and plant breeding.}, number={2}, journal={Journal of Plant Registrations}, publisher={Wiley}, author={Pratt, R. C. and Holland, J. B. and Balint-Kurti, P. J. and Coles, N. D. and Zwonitzer, J. C. and Casey, M. A. and McMullen, M. D.}, year={2015}, month={Mar}, pages={262–265} } @article{vontimitta_olukolu_penning_johal_balint-kurti_2015, title={The genetic basis of flecking and its relationship to disease resistance in the IBM maize mapping population}, volume={128}, ISSN={["1432-2242"]}, url={http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?eid=2-s2.0-84938651542&partnerID=MN8TOARS}, DOI={10.1007/s00122-015-2588-8}, abstractNote={In this paper, we determine the genetic architecture controlling leaf flecking in maize and investigate its relationship to disease resistance and the defense response. Flecking is defined as a mild, often environmentally dependent lesion phenotype observed on the leaves of several commonly used maize inbred lines. Anecdotal evidence suggests a link between flecking and enhanced broad-spectrum disease resistance. Neither the genetic basis underlying flecking nor its possible relationship to disease resistance has been systematically evaluated. The commonly used maize inbred Mo17 has a mild flecking phenotype. The IBM-advanced intercross mapping population, derived from a cross between Mo17 and another commonly used inbred B73, has been used for mapping a number of traits in maize including several related to disease resistance. In this study, flecking was assessed in the IBM population over 6 environments. Several quantitative trait loci for flecking were identified, with the strongest one located on chromosome 6. Low but moderately significant correlations were observed between stronger flecking and higher disease resistance with respect to two diseases, southern leaf blight and northern leaf blight and between stronger flecking and a stronger defense response.}, number={11}, journal={THEORETICAL AND APPLIED GENETICS}, author={Vontimitta, Vijay and Olukolu, Bode A. and Penning, Bryan W. and Johal, Gurmukh and Balint-Kurti, P. J.}, year={2015}, month={Nov}, pages={2331–2339} } @article{olukolu_wang_vontimitta_venkata_marla_ji_gachomo_chu_negeri_benson_et al._2014, title={A Genome-Wide Association Study of the Maize Hypersensitive Defense Response Identifies Genes That Cluster in Related Pathways}, volume={10}, ISSN={1553-7404}, url={http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pgen.1004562}, DOI={10.1371/journal.pgen.1004562}, abstractNote={Much remains unknown of molecular events controlling the plant hypersensitive defense response (HR), a rapid localized cell death that limits pathogen spread and is mediated by resistance (R-) genes. Genetic control of the HR is hard to quantify due to its microscopic and rapid nature. Natural modifiers of the ectopic HR phenotype induced by an aberrant auto-active R-gene (Rp1-D21), were mapped in a population of 3,381 recombinant inbred lines from the maize nested association mapping population. Joint linkage analysis was conducted to identify 32 additive but no epistatic quantitative trait loci (QTL) using a linkage map based on more than 7000 single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs). Genome-wide association (GWA) analysis of 26.5 million SNPs was conducted after adjusting for background QTL. GWA identified associated SNPs that colocalized with 44 candidate genes. Thirty-six of these genes colocalized within 23 of the 32 QTL identified by joint linkage analysis. The candidate genes included genes predicted to be in involved programmed cell death, defense response, ubiquitination, redox homeostasis, autophagy, calcium signalling, lignin biosynthesis and cell wall modification. Twelve of the candidate genes showed significant differential expression between isogenic lines differing for the presence of Rp1-D21. Low but significant correlations between HR-related traits and several previously-measured disease resistance traits suggested that the genetic control of these traits was substantially, though not entirely, independent. This study provides the first system-wide analysis of natural variation that modulates the HR response in plants.}, number={8}, journal={PLoS Genetics}, publisher={Public Library of Science (PLoS)}, author={Olukolu, Bode A. and Wang, Guan-Feng and Vontimitta, Vijay and Venkata, Bala P. and Marla, Sandeep and Ji, Jiabing and Gachomo, Emma and Chu, Kevin and Negeri, Adisu and Benson, Jacqueline and et al.}, editor={McDowell, John M.Editor}, year={2014}, month={Aug}, pages={e1004562} } @article{bian_yang_balint-kurti_wisser_holland_2014, title={Limits on the reproducibility of marker associations with southern leaf blight resistance in the maize nested association mapping population}, volume={15}, ISSN={["1471-2164"]}, url={http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?eid=2-s2.0-84924290940&partnerID=MN8TOARS}, DOI={10.1186/1471-2164-15-1068}, abstractNote={A previous study reported a comprehensive quantitative trait locus (QTL) and genome wide association study (GWAS) of southern leaf blight (SLB) resistance in the maize Nested Association Mapping (NAM) panel. Since that time, the genomic resources available for such analyses have improved substantially. An updated NAM genetic linkage map has a nearly six-fold greater marker density than the previous map and the combined SNPs and read-depth variants (RDVs) from maize HapMaps 1 and 2 provided 28.5 M genomic variants for association analysis, 17 fold more than HapMap 1. In addition, phenotypic values of the NAM RILs were re-estimated to account for environment-specific flowering time covariates and a small proportion of lines were dropped due to genotypic data quality problems. Comparisons of original and updated QTL and GWAS results confound the effects of linkage map density, GWAS marker density, population sample size, and phenotype estimates. Therefore, we evaluated the effects of changing each of these parameters individually and in combination to determine their relative impact on marker-trait associations in original and updated analyses.Of the four parameters varied, map density caused the largest changes in QTL and GWAS results. The updated QTL model had better cross-validation prediction accuracy than the previous model. Whereas joint linkage QTL positions were relatively stable to input changes, the residual values derived from those QTL models (used as inputs to GWAS) were more sensitive, resulting in substantial differences between GWAS results. The updated NAM GWAS identified several candidate genes consistent with previous QTL fine-mapping results.The highly polygenic nature of resistance to SLB complicates the identification of causal genes. Joint linkage QTL are relatively stable to perturbations of data inputs, but their resolution is generally on the order of tens or more Mbp. GWAS associations have higher resolution, but lower power due to stringent thresholds designed to minimize false positive associations, resulting in variability of detection across studies. The updated higher density linkage map improves QTL estimation and, along with a much denser SNP HapMap, greatly increases the likelihood of detecting SNPs in linkage with causal variants. We recommend use of the updated genetic resources and results but emphasize the limited repeatability of small-effect associations.}, number={1}, journal={BMC GENOMICS}, publisher={Springer Science \mathplus Business Media}, author={Bian, Yang and Yang, Qin and Balint-Kurti, Peter J. and Wisser, Randall J. and Holland, James B.}, year={2014}, month={Dec} } @article{manching_balint-kurti_stapleton_2014, title={Southern leaf blight disease severity is correlated with decreased maize leaf epiphytic bacterial species richness and the phyllosphere bacterial diversity decline is enhanced by nitrogen fertilization}, volume={5}, ISSN={1664-462X}, url={http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/fpls.2014.00403}, DOI={10.3389/fpls.2014.00403}, abstractNote={Plant leaves are inhabited by a diverse group of microorganisms that are important contributors to optimal growth. Biotic and abiotic effects on plant growth are usually studied in controlled settings examining response to variation in single factors and in field settings with large numbers of variables. Multi-factor experiments with combinations of stresses bridge this gap, increasing our understanding of the genotype-environment-phenotype functional map for the host plant and the affiliated epiphytic community. The maize inbred B73 was exposed to single and combination abiotic and the biotic stress treatments: low nitrogen fertilizer and high levels of infection with southern leaf blight (causal agent Cochliobolus heterostrophus). Microbial epiphyte samples were collected at the vegetative early-season phase and species composition was determined using 16S ribosomal intergenic spacer analysis. Plant traits and level of southern leaf blight disease were measured late-season. Bacterial diversity was different among stress treatment groups (P < 0.001). Lower species richness—alpha diversity—was correlated with increased severity of southern leaf blight disease when disease pressure was high. Nitrogen fertilization intensified the decline in bacterial alpha diversity. While no single bacterial ribotype was consistently associated with disease severity, small sets of ribotypes were good predictors of disease levels. Difference in leaf bacterial-epiphyte diversity early in the season were correlated with plant disease severity, supporting further tests of microbial epiphyte-disease correlations for use in predicting disease progression.}, number={AUG}, journal={Frontiers in Plant Science}, publisher={Frontiers Media SA}, author={Manching, Heather C. and Balint-Kurti, Peter J. and Stapleton, Ann E.}, year={2014}, month={Aug} } @article{santa-cruz_kump_arellano_goodman_krakowsky_holland_balint-kurti_2014, title={Yield Effects of Two Southern Leaf Blight Resistance Loci in Maize Hybrids}, volume={54}, url={http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?eid=2-s2.0-84898430312&partnerID=MN8TOARS}, DOI={10.2135/cropsci2013.08.0553}, abstractNote={ABSTRACT}, number={3}, journal={Crop Science}, publisher={Crop Science Society of America}, author={Santa-Cruz, Jose H. and Kump, Kristen L. and Arellano, Consuelo and Goodman, Major M. and Krakowsky, Matthew D. and Holland, James B. and Balint-Kurti, Peter J.}, year={2014}, pages={882} } @article{olukolu_negeri_dhawan_venkata_sharma_garg_gachomo_marla_chu_hasan_et al._2013, title={A Connected Set of Genes Associated with Programmed Cell Death Implicated in Controlling the Hypersensitive Response in Maize}, volume={193}, ISSN={["0016-6731"]}, url={http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?eid=2-s2.0-84876366651&partnerID=MN8TOARS}, DOI={10.1534/genetics.112.147595}, abstractNote={Abstract}, number={2}, journal={GENETICS}, author={Olukolu, Bode A. and Negeri, Adisu and Dhawan, Rahul and Venkata, Bala P. and Sharma, Pankaj and Garg, Anshu and Gachomo, Emma and Marla, Sandeep and Chu, Kevin and Hasan, Anna and et al.}, year={2013}, month={Feb}, pages={609-+} } @article{negeri_wang_benavente_kibiti_chaikam_johal_balint-kurti_2013, title={Characterization of temperature and light effects on the defense response phenotypes associated with the maize Rp1-D21 autoactive resistance gene}, volume={13}, url={http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?eid=2-s2.0-84880860512&partnerID=MN8TOARS}, DOI={10.1186/1471-2229-13-106}, abstractNote={Abstract}, number={1}, journal={BMC Plant Biology}, publisher={Springer Science \mathplus Business Media}, author={Negeri, Adisu and Wang, Guan-Feng and Benavente, Larissa and Kibiti, Cromwell M and Chaikam, Vijay and Johal, Guri and Balint-Kurti, Peter}, year={2013}, pages={106} } @misc{jamann_nelson_balint-kurti_2013, title={The Genetic Basis of Disease Resistance in Maize}, ISBN={9781118728475 9780470962909}, url={http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/9781118728475.ch3}, DOI={10.1002/9781118728475.ch3}, journal={Translational Genomics for Crop Breeding}, publisher={John Wiley & Sons Ltd}, author={Jamann, Tiffany and Nelson, Rebecca and Balint-Kurti, Peter}, year={2013}, month={Oct}, pages={31–43} } @article{belcher_zwonitzer_cruz_krakowsky_chung_nelson_arellano_balint-kurti_2012, title={Analysis of quantitative disease resistance to southern leaf blight and of multiple disease resistance in maize, using near-isogenic lines}, volume={124}, ISSN={["1432-2242"]}, url={http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?eid=2-s2.0-84860880839&partnerID=MN8TOARS}, DOI={10.1007/s00122-011-1718-1}, abstractNote={Maize inbred lines NC292 and NC330 were derived by repeated backcrossing of an elite source of southern leaf blight (SLB) resistance (NC250P) to the SLB-susceptible line B73, with selection for SLB resistance among and within backcross families at each generation. Consequently, while B73 is very SLB susceptible, its sister lines NC292 and NC330 are both SLB resistant. Previously, we identified the 12 introgressions from NC250P that differentiate NC292 and NC330 from B73. The goals of this study were to determine the effects of each introgression on resistance to SLB and to two other foliar fungal diseases of maize, northern leaf blight and gray leaf spot. This was achieved by generating and testing a set of near isogenic lines carry single or combinations of just two or three introgressions in a B73 background. Introgressions 3B, 6A, and 9B (bins 3.03-3.04, 6.01, and 9.02-9.03) all conferred significant levels of SLB resistance in the field. Introgression 6A was the only introgression that had a significant effect on juvenile plant resistance to SLB. Introgressions 6A and 9B conferred resistance to multiple diseases.}, number={3}, journal={THEORETICAL AND APPLIED GENETICS}, publisher={Springer Science \mathplus Business Media}, author={Belcher, Araby R. and Zwonitzer, John C. and Cruz, Jose Santa and Krakowsky, Mathew D. and Chung, Chia-Lin and Nelson, Rebecca and Arellano, Consuelo and Balint-Kurti, Peter J.}, year={2012}, month={Feb}, pages={433–445} } @article{veturi_kump_walsh_ott_poland_kolkman_balint-kurti_holland_wisser_2012, title={Multivariate Mixed Linear Model Analysis of Longitudinal Data: An Information-Rich Statistical Technique for Analyzing Plant Disease Resistance}, volume={102}, ISSN={["1943-7684"]}, url={http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?eid=2-s2.0-84871758907&partnerID=MN8TOARS}, DOI={10.1094/phyto-10-11-0268}, abstractNote={ The mixed linear model (MLM) is an advanced statistical technique applicable to many fields of science. The multivariate MLM can be used to model longitudinal data, such as repeated ratings of disease resistance taken across time. In this study, using an example data set from a multi-environment trial of northern leaf blight disease on 290 maize lines with diverse levels of resistance, multivariate MLM analysis was performed and its utility was examined. In the population and environments tested, genotypic effects were highly correlated across disease ratings and followed an autoregressive pattern of correlation decay. Because longitudinal data are often converted to the univariate measure of area under the disease progress curve (AUDPC), comparisons between univariate MLM analysis of AUDPC and multivariate MLM analysis of longitudinal data were made. Univariate analysis had the advantage of simplicity and reduced computational demand, whereas multivariate analysis enabled a comprehensive perspective on disease development, providing the opportunity for unique insights into disease resistance. To aid in the application of multivariate MLM analysis of longitudinal data on disease resistance, annotated program syntax for model fitting is provided for the software ASReml. }, number={11}, journal={PHYTOPATHOLOGY}, publisher={Scientific Societies}, author={Veturi, Yogasudha and Kump, Kristen and Walsh, Ellie and Ott, Oliver and Poland, Jesse and Kolkman, Judith M. and Balint-Kurti, Peter J. and Holland, James B. and Wisser, Randall J.}, year={2012}, month={Nov}, pages={1016–1025} } @article{green_appel_rehrig_harnsomburana_chang_balint-kurti_shyu_2012, title={PhenoPhyte: a flexible affordable method to quantify 2D phenotypes from imagery}, volume={8}, ISSN={1746-4811}, url={http://dx.doi.org/10.1186/1746-4811-8-45}, DOI={10.1186/1746-4811-8-45}, abstractNote={Abstract}, number={1}, journal={Plant Methods}, publisher={Springer Science and Business Media LLC}, author={Green, Jason M and Appel, Heidi and Rehrig, Erin MacNeal and Harnsomburana, Jaturon and Chang, Jia-Fu and Balint-Kurti, Peter and Shyu, Chi-Ren}, year={2012}, month={Nov}, pages={45} } @article{benavente_ding_redinbaugh_nelson_balint-kurti_2012, title={Virus-induced gene silencing in diverse maize lines using the Brome Mosaic virus-based silencing vector}, volume={57}, url={http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?eid=2-s2.0-84875615027&partnerID=MN8TOARS}, number={3-4}, journal={Maydica}, author={Benavente, L.M. and Ding, X.S. and Redinbaugh, M.G. and Nelson, R.S. and Balint-Kurti, P.}, year={2012}, pages={206–214} } @article{wisser_balint-kurti_holland_2011, title={A novel genetic framework for studying response to artificial selection}, volume={9}, ISSN={["1479-2621"]}, url={http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?eid=2-s2.0-79960130677&partnerID=MN8TOARS}, DOI={10.1017/s1479262111000359}, abstractNote={Response to selection is fundamental to plant breeding. To gain insight into the genetic basis of response to selection, we propose a new experimental genetic framework allowing for the identification of trait-specific genomic loci underlying population improvement and the characterization of allelic frequency responses at those loci. This is achieved by employing a sampling scheme for recurrently selected populations that allows for the simultaneous application of genetic association mapping and analysis of allelic frequency change across generations of selection. The combined method unites advantages of the two approaches, permitting the estimation of trait-specific allelic effects by association mapping and the detection of rare favourable alleles by their significant enrichment over generations of selection. Our aim is to develop a framework applicable for many crop species in order to gain a broader and deeper understanding of the genetic architecture of response to artificial selection.}, number={2}, journal={PLANT GENETIC RESOURCES-CHARACTERIZATION AND UTILIZATION}, publisher={Cambridge University Press (CUP)}, author={Wisser, Randall J. and Balint-Kurti, Peter J. and Holland, James B.}, year={2011}, month={Jul}, pages={281–283} } @book{balint-kurti_pridgen_stapleton_2011, title={Application of an antibiotic resets the maize leaf phyllosphere community and increases resistance to southern leaf blight}, volume={905}, url={http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?eid=2-s2.0-80053399393&partnerID=MN8TOARS}, journal={Acta Horticulturae}, author={Balint-Kurti, P. and Pridgen, P. and Stapleton, A.E.}, year={2011}, pages={57–62} } @article{kump_bradbury_wisser_buckler_belcher_oropeza-rosas_zwonitzer_kresovich_mcmullen_ware_et al._2011, title={Genome-wide association study of quantitative resistance to southern leaf blight in the maize nested association mapping population}, volume={43}, ISSN={["1061-4036"]}, url={http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?eid=2-s2.0-79251575784&partnerID=MN8TOARS}, DOI={10.1038/ng.747}, abstractNote={Nested association mapping (NAM) offers power to resolve complex, quantitative traits to their causal loci. The maize NAM population, consisting of 5,000 recombinant inbred lines (RILs) from 25 families representing the global diversity of maize, was evaluated for resistance to southern leaf blight (SLB) disease. Joint-linkage analysis identified 32 quantitative trait loci (QTLs) with predominantly small, additive effects on SLB resistance. Genome-wide association tests of maize HapMap SNPs were conducted by imputing founder SNP genotypes onto the NAM RILs. SNPs both within and outside of QTL intervals were associated with variation for SLB resistance. Many of these SNPs were within or near sequences homologous to genes previously shown to be involved in plant disease resistance. Limited linkage disequilibrium was observed around some SNPs associated with SLB resistance, indicating that the maize NAM population enables high-resolution mapping of some genome regions.}, number={2}, journal={NATURE GENETICS}, publisher={Nature Publishing Group}, author={Kump, Kristen L. and Bradbury, Peter J. and Wisser, Randall J. and Buckler, Edward S. and Belcher, Araby R. and Oropeza-Rosas, Marco A. and Zwonitzer, John C. and Kresovich, Stephen and McMullen, Michael D. and Ware, Doreen and et al.}, year={2011}, month={Feb}, pages={163–U120} } @article{negeri_coles_holland_balint-kurti_2011, title={Mapping QTL Controlling Southern Leaf Blight Resistance by Joint Analysis of Three Related Recombinant Inbred Line Populations}, volume={51}, url={http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?eid=2-s2.0-79959615426&partnerID=MN8TOARS}, DOI={10.2135/cropsci2010.12.0672}, abstractNote={ABSTRACTSouthern leaf blight (SLB) is a foliar necrotrophic disease of maize (Zea mays L.) caused by the ascomycete fungus Cochliobolus heterostrophus (Drechs.) Drechs. It is particularly important in warm humid parts of the world where maize is cultivated, such as the southern Atlantic coast area of the United States and parts of India, Africa, and Western Europe. Quantitative trait loci (QTL) for resistance to SLB disease caused by C. heterostrophus race O were identified in three maize recombinant inbred populations assessed in two environments: Clayton, NC, in the summer and Homestead, FL, in the winter. The three populations were derived from the crosses B73 × CML254, CML254 × B97, and B97 × Ki14. Each of these populations was derived from a cross between a temperate maize line (B73 or B97) and a tropical maize line (Ki14 or CML254). Quantitative trait loci were identified by separate analysis of each population and by joint connected and disconnected analyses of all the populations. The most significant QTL identified were on chromosomes 3, 8, 9,and 10. Joint analysis led to more precise position estimates than separate analysis in each case. Results are discussed in the context of previous SLB QTL analysis studies and a recent flowering time QTL study that used the same populations. The chromosome 8 and 9 QTL colocalized with previously identified flowering time QTL which suggested that the perceived effect on SLB resistance at these QTL may have been mediated through an effect on flowering time}, number={4}, journal={Crop Science}, publisher={Crop Science Society of America}, author={Negeri, Adisu T. and Coles, Nathan D. and Holland, James B. and Balint-Kurti, Peter J.}, year={2011}, pages={1571} } @article{wisser_kolkman_patzoldt_holland_yu_krakowsky_nelson_balint-kurti_2011, title={Multivariate analysis of maize disease resistances suggests a pleiotropic genetic basis and implicates a GST gene}, volume={108}, ISSN={["0027-8424"]}, url={http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?eid=2-s2.0-79956318799&partnerID=MN8TOARS}, DOI={10.1073/pnas.1011739108}, abstractNote={ Plants are attacked by pathogens representing diverse taxonomic groups, such that genes providing multiple disease resistance (MDR) are expected to be under positive selection pressure. To address the hypothesis that naturally occurring allelic variation conditions MDR, we extended the framework of structured association mapping to allow for the analysis of correlated complex traits and the identification of pleiotropic genes. The multivariate analytical approach used here is directly applicable to any species and set of traits exhibiting correlation. From our analysis of a diverse panel of maize inbred lines, we discovered high positive genetic correlations between resistances to three globally threatening fungal diseases. The maize panel studied exhibits rapidly decaying linkage disequilibrium that generally occurs within 1 or 2 kb, which is less than the average length of a maize gene. The positive correlations therefore suggested that functional allelic variation at specific genes for MDR exists in maize. Using a multivariate test statistic, a glutathione S -transferase ( GST ) gene was found to be associated with modest levels of resistance to all three diseases. Resequencing analysis pinpointed the association to a histidine (basic amino acid) for aspartic acid (acidic amino acid) substitution in the encoded protein domain that defines GST substrate specificity and biochemical activity. The known functions of GSTs suggested that variability in detoxification pathways underlie natural variation in maize MDR. }, number={18}, journal={PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL ACADEMY OF SCIENCES OF THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA}, author={Wisser, Randall J. and Kolkman, Judith M. and Patzoldt, Megan E. and Holland, James B. and Yu, Jianming and Krakowsky, Matthew and Nelson, Rebecca J. and Balint-Kurti, Peter J.}, year={2011}, month={May}, pages={7339–7344} } @article{chung_poland_kump_benson_longfellow_walsh_balint-kurti_nelson_2011, title={Targeted discovery of quantitative trait loci for resistance to northern leaf blight and other diseases of maize}, volume={123}, ISSN={["1432-2242"]}, url={http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?eid=2-s2.0-79961211155&partnerID=MN8TOARS}, DOI={10.1007/s00122-011-1585-9}, abstractNote={To capture diverse alleles at a set of loci associated with disease resistance in maize, heterogeneous inbred family (HIF) analysis was applied for targeted QTL mapping and near-isogenic line (NIL) development. Tropical maize lines CML52 and DK888 were chosen as donors of alleles based on their known resistance to multiple diseases. Chromosomal regions ("bins"; n = 39) associated with multiple disease resistance (MDR) were targeted based on a consensus map of disease QTLs in maize. We generated HIFs segregating for the targeted loci but isogenic at ~97% of the genome. To test the hypothesis that CML52 and DK888 alleles at MDR hotspots condition broad-spectrum resistance, HIFs and derived NILs were tested for resistance to northern leaf blight (NLB), southern leaf blight (SLB), gray leaf spot (GLS), anthracnose leaf blight (ALB), anthracnose stalk rot (ASR), common rust, common smut, and Stewart's wilt. Four NLB QTLs, two ASR QTLs, and one Stewart's wilt QTL were identified. In parallel, a population of 196 recombinant inbred lines (RILs) derived from B73 × CML52 was evaluated for resistance to NLB, GLS, SLB, and ASR. The QTLs mapped (four for NLB, five for SLB, two for GLS, and two for ASR) mostly corresponded to those found using the NILs. Combining HIF- and RIL-based analyses, we discovered two disease QTLs at which CML52 alleles were favorable for more than one disease. A QTL in bin 1.06-1.07 conferred resistance to NLB and Stewart's wilt, and a QTL in 6.05 conferred resistance to NLB and ASR.}, number={2}, journal={THEORETICAL AND APPLIED GENETICS}, publisher={Springer Science \mathplus Business Media}, author={Chung, Chia-Lin and Poland, Jesse and Kump, Kristen and Benson, Jacqueline and Longfellow, Joy and Walsh, Ellie and Balint-Kurti, Peter and Nelson, Rebecca}, year={2011}, month={Jul}, pages={307–326} } @book{balint-kurti_johal_2011, title={Use of Mutant-assisted Gene Identification and Characterization (MAGIC) to Identify Useful Alleles for Crop Improvement}, institution={ISB News Reports}, author={Balint-Kurti, P.J. and Johal, G.S.}, year={2011}, month={Jan} } @article{chaikam_negeri_dhawan_puchaka_ji_chintamanani_gachomo_zillmer_doran_weil_et al._2011, title={Use of mutant-assisted gene identification and characterization (MAGIC) to identify novel genetic loci that modify the maize hypersensitive response}, volume={123}, ISSN={["1432-2242"]}, url={http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?eid=2-s2.0-84857082490&partnerID=MN8TOARS}, DOI={10.1007/s00122-011-1641-5}, abstractNote={The partially dominant, autoactive maize disease resistance gene Rp1-D21 causes hypersensitive response (HR) lesions to form spontaneously on leaves and stems in the absence of pathogen recognition. The maize nested association mapping (NAM) population consists of 25 200-line subpopulations each derived from a cross between the maize line B73 and one of 25 diverse inbred lines. By crossing a line carrying the Rp1-D21 gene with lines from three of these subpopulations and assessing the F(1) progeny, we were able to map several novel loci that modify the maize HR, using both single-population quantitative trait locus (QTL) and joint analysis of all three populations. Joint analysis detected QTL in greater number and with greater confidence and precision than did single population analysis. In particular, QTL were detected in bins 1.02, 4.04, 9.03, and 10.03. We have previously termed this technique, in which a mutant phenotype is used as a "reporter" for a trait of interest, Mutant-Assisted Gene Identification and Characterization (MAGIC).}, number={6}, journal={THEORETICAL AND APPLIED GENETICS}, publisher={Springer Science \mathplus Business Media}, author={Chaikam, Vijay and Negeri, Adisu and Dhawan, Rahul and Puchaka, Bala and Ji, Jiabing and Chintamanani, Satya and Gachomo, Emma W. and Zillmer, Allen and Doran, Timothy and Weil, Cliff and et al.}, year={2011}, month={Oct}, pages={985–997} } @article{coles_mcmullen_balint-kurti_pratt_holland_2010, title={Genetic Control of Photoperiod Sensitivity in Maize Revealed by Joint Multiple Population Analysis}, volume={184}, ISSN={["1943-2631"]}, url={http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?eid=2-s2.0-77950619493&partnerID=MN8TOARS}, DOI={10.1534/genetics.109.110304}, abstractNote={Abstract}, number={3}, journal={GENETICS}, publisher={Genetics Society of America}, author={Coles, Nathan D. and McMullen, Michael D. and Balint-Kurti, Peter J. and Pratt, Richard C. and Holland, James B.}, year={2010}, month={Mar}, pages={799–U301} } @article{chintamanani_hulbert_johal_balint-kurti_2010, title={Identification of a Maize Locus That Modulates the Hypersensitive Defense Response, Using Mutant-Assisted Gene Identification and Characterization}, volume={184}, ISSN={["1943-2631"]}, url={http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?eid=2-s2.0-77950621976&partnerID=MN8TOARS}, DOI={10.1534/genetics.109.111880}, abstractNote={Abstract}, number={3}, journal={GENETICS}, publisher={Genetics Society of America}, author={Chintamanani, Satya and Hulbert, Scot H. and Johal, Gurmukh S. and Balint-Kurti, Peter J.}, year={2010}, month={Mar}, pages={813–825} } @article{kump_holland_jung_wolters_balint-kurti_2010, title={Joint Analysis of Near-Isogenic and Recombinant Inbred Line Populations Yields Precise Positional Estimates for Quantitative Trait Loci}, volume={3}, DOI={10.3835/plantgenome2010.05.0011}, abstractNote={Data generated for initial quantitative trait loci (QTL) mapping using recombinant inbred line (RIL) populations are usually ignored during subsequent fine‐mapping using near‐isogenic lines (NILs). Combining both datasets would increase the number of recombination events sampled and generate better position and effect estimates. Previously, several QTL for resistance to southern leaf blight of maize were mapped in two RIL populations, each independently derived from a cross between the lines B73 and Mo17. In each case the largest QTL was in bin 3.04. Here, two NIL pairs differing for this QTL were derived and used to create two distinct F2:3 family populations that were assessed for southern leaf blight (SLB) resistance. By accounting for segregation of the other QTL in the original RIL data, we were able to combine these data with the new genotypic and phenotypic data from the F2:3 families. Joint analysis yielded a narrower QTL support interval compared to that derived from analysis of any one of the data sets alone, resulting in the localization of the QTL to a less than 0.5 cM interval. Candidate genes identified within this interval are discussed. This methodology allows combined QTL analysis in which data from RIL populations is combined with data derived from NIL populations segregating for the same pair of alleles. It improves mapping resolution over the conventional approach with virtually no additional resources. Because data sets of this type are commonly produced, this approach is likely to prove widely applicable.}, number={3}, journal={The Plant Genome Journal}, publisher={Crop Science Society of America}, author={Kump, Kristen L. and Holland, James B. and Jung, Mark T. and Wolters, Petra and Balint-Kurti, Peter J.}, year={2010}, pages={142} } @article{balint-kurti_simmons_blum_ballare_stapleton_2010, title={Maize Leaf Epiphytic Bacteria Diversity Patterns Are Genetically Correlated with Resistance to Fungal Pathogen Infection}, volume={23}, ISSN={["1943-7706"]}, url={http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?eid=2-s2.0-77949282823&partnerID=MN8TOARS}, DOI={10.1094/mpmi-23-4-0473}, abstractNote={Plant leaves host a specific set of microbial epiphytes. Plant genetic and solar UV-B radiation effects on the diversity of the phyllosphere were examined by measuring epiphytic bacterial ribosomal DNA diversity in a maize recombinant inbred (RI) mapping population. Several chromosomal quantitative trait loci (QTL) with significant effects on bacterial diversity were identified, some of which had effects only in the presence of UV-B radiation and others that had effects both with and without UV-B. Candidate genes with allele-specific effects were mapped to the bacterial diversity chromosomal regions. A glutamate decarboxylase candidate gene was located at a UV-B–specific chromosomal locus, and in a comparison between two RI lines with contrasting bacterial diversity phenotypes, high bacterial diversity was associated with high levels of glutamate decarboxylase enzyme activity, a component of the gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA) pathway. The bacterial diversity loci exhibited a significant overlap with loci connected with Southern leaf blight (SLB) susceptibility in the field. A SLB-resistant inbred genotype had less beta bacterial diversity, and antibiotic treatment of inbreds increased this diversity. These results suggest that the GABA pathway is genetically associated with phyllosphere bacterial diversity. Furthermore, the colocalization of QTL between low bacterial diversity and fungal blight–resistance and the increase in beta diversity in antibiotic-treated leaves suggest that occupation of leaf habitats by a particular set of suppressive bacteria may restrict phyllosphere bacterial variability and increase resistance to fungal infection.}, number={4}, journal={MOLECULAR PLANT-MICROBE INTERACTIONS}, publisher={Scientific Societies}, author={Balint-Kurti, Peter and Simmons, Susan J. and Blum, James E. and Ballare, Carlos L. and Stapleton, Ann E.}, year={2010}, month={Apr}, pages={473–484} } @article{zwonitzer_coles_krakowsky_arellano_holland_mcmullen_pratt_balint-kurti_2010, title={Mapping resistance quantitative trait loci for three foliar diseases in a maize recombinant inbred line population - Evidence for multiple disease resistance?}, volume={100}, url={http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?eid=2-s2.0-75649139868&partnerID=MN8TOARS}, DOI={10.1094/PHYTO-100-1-0072}, abstractNote={ Southern leaf blight (SLB), gray leaf spot (GLS), and northern leaf blight (NLB) are all important foliar diseases impacting maize production. The objectives of this study were to identify quantitative trait loci (QTL) for resistance to these diseases in a maize recombinant inbred line (RIL) population derived from a cross between maize lines Ki14 and B73, and to evaluate the evidence for the presence genes or loci conferring multiple disease resistance (MDR). Each disease was scored in multiple separate trials. Highly significant correlations between the resistances and the three diseases were found. The highest correlation was identified between SLB and GLS resistance (r = 0.62). Correlations between resistance to each of the diseases and time to flowering were also highly significant. Nine, eight, and six QTL were identified for SLB, GLS, and NLB resistance, respectively. QTL for all three diseases colocalized in bin 1.06, while QTL colocalizing for two of the three diseases were identified in bins 1.08 to 1.09, 2.02/2.03, 3.04/3.05, 8.05, and 10.05. QTL for time to flowering were also identified at four of these six loci (bins 1.06, 3.04/3.05, 8.05, and 10.05). No disease resistance QTL was identified at the largest-effect QTL for flowering time in bin 10.03. }, number={1}, journal={Phytopathology}, publisher={Scientific Societies}, author={Zwonitzer, John C. and Coles, Nathan D. and Krakowsky, Matthew D. and Arellano, Consuelo and Holland, James B. and McMullen, Michael D. and Pratt, Richard C. and Balint-Kurti, Peter J.}, year={2010}, pages={72–79} } @article{chung_longfellow_walsh_kerdieh_van esbroeck_balint-kurti_nelson_2010, title={Resistance loci affecting distinct stages of fungal pathogenesis: use of introgression lines for QTL mapping and characterization in the maize - Setosphaeria turcica pathosystem}, volume={10}, ISSN={["1471-2229"]}, url={http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?eid=2-s2.0-77953126070&partnerID=MN8TOARS}, DOI={10.1186/1471-2229-10-103}, abstractNote={Abstract}, number={1}, journal={BMC PLANT BIOLOGY}, publisher={Springer Science \mathplus Business Media}, author={Chung, Chia-Lin and Longfellow, Joy M. and Walsh, Ellie K. and Kerdieh, Zura and Van Esbroeck, George and Balint-Kurti, Peter and Nelson, Rebecca J.}, year={2010}, month={Jun} } @article{zhang_martin_balint-kurti_huang_giroux_2010, title={The Wheat Puroindoline Genes Confer Fungal Resistance in Transgenic Corn}, volume={159}, ISSN={0931-1785}, url={http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1439-0434.2010.01744.x}, DOI={10.1111/j.1439-0434.2010.01744.x}, abstractNote={Puroindoline a and b (Pina and Pinb), together make up the functional components of the wheat grain hardness locus (Ha) and have antimicrobial properties. The antifungal activity of puroindoline proteins, PINA and PINB, has been demonstrated in vitro and in vivo .I n this study, Pina and Pinb were introduced into corn under the control of a corn Ubiquitin promoter. Two Pina⁄Pinb expression–positive transgenic events were evaluated for resistance to Cochliobolus heterostrophus, the corn southern leaf blight (SLB) pathogen. Transgenic corn expressing Pins showed significantly increased tolerance to C. heterostrophus, averaging 42.1% reduction in symptoms. Pins are effective in vivo as antifungal proteins and could be valuable tools in corn SLB control.}, number={3}, journal={Journal of Phytopathology}, publisher={Wiley}, author={Zhang, Jinrui and Martin, John M. and Balint-Kurti, Peter and Huang, Li and Giroux, Michael J.}, year={2010}, month={Sep}, pages={188–190} } @article{balint-kurti_yang_van esbroeck_jung_smith_2010, title={Use of a Maize Advanced Intercross Line for Mapping of QTL for Northern Leaf Blight Resistance and Multiple Disease Resistance}, volume={50}, ISSN={["1435-0653"]}, url={http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?eid=2-s2.0-77749277550&partnerID=MN8TOARS}, DOI={10.2135/cropsci2009.02.0066}, abstractNote={Northern leaf blight [NLB; caused by Exserohilum turcicum (Pass) K.J. Leonard and E.G. Suggs] is an important fungal disease of maize (Zea mays L.) in the United States and worldwide. The IBM population, an advanced intercross recombinant inbred line population derived from a cross between the lines Mo17 and B73, was evaluated in three environments (Aurora, NY, in 2006 and 2007 and Clayton, NC in 2007) for two traits related to NLB resistance, weighted mean disease (WMD) and incubation period (IP), and for days to anthesis (DTA). Two WMD quantitative trait loci (QTL) in bins 2.00/2.01 and 4.08 were detected from the overall analysis; of these, only the QTL in bin 4.08 was detected in all three environments analyzed separately. Likewise, only one IP QTL, in bin 2.02, was detected in all three environments and from the overall analysis. Several environment‐specific QTL for each trait were also detected. Several DTA QTL were detected with the strongest effect detected in bin 8.05. Correlations between disease resistance traits and days to anthesis were uniformly low. The results from this study were compared to those of previous studies that used the IBM population to identify QTL for two other maize foliar diseases, southern leaf blight {causal agent Cochliobolus heterostrophus (Drechs.) Drechs. [anamorph = Bipolaris maydis (Nisikado and Miyake) Shoemaker; synonym = Helminthosporium maydis (Nisikado and Miyake)]} and gray leaf spot [causal agent Cercospora zeae‐maydis (Tehon and E.Y. Daniels)]. Although we did not find QTL conferring resistance to all three diseases, significant correlations between resistances to these diseases in the IBM population were identified, implying the existence of loci (and possibly genes) affecting resistance to all three diseases.}, number={2}, journal={CROP SCIENCE}, publisher={Crop Science Society of America}, author={Balint-Kurti, Peter J. and Yang, Junyun and Van Esbroeck, George and Jung, Janelle and Smith, Margaret E.}, year={2010}, pages={458–466} } @article{balint-kurti_johal_2009, title={Maize Disease Resistance}, DOI={10.1007/978-0-387-79418-1_12}, abstractNote={This chapter presents a selective view of maize disease resistance to fungal diseases, highlighting some aspects of the subject that are currently of significant interest or that we feel have been under-investigated. These include:}, journal={Handbook of Maize: Its Biology}, publisher={Springer Science \mathplus Business Media}, author={Balint-Kurti, Peter J. and Johal, Gurmukh S.}, year={2009}, pages={229–250} } @misc{poland_balint-kurti_wisser_pratt_nelson_2009, title={Shades of gray: the world of quantitative disease resistance}, volume={14}, ISSN={["1878-4372"]}, url={http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?eid=2-s2.0-58149490801&partnerID=MN8TOARS}, DOI={10.1016/j.tplants.2008.10.006}, abstractNote={A thorough understanding of quantitative disease resistance (QDR) would contribute to the design and deployment of durably resistant crop cultivars. However, the molecular mechanisms that control QDR remain poorly understood, largely due to the incomplete and inconsistent nature of the resistance phenotype, which is usually conditioned by many loci of small effect. Here, we discuss recent advances in research on QDR. Based on inferences from analyses of the defense response and from the few isolated QDR genes, we suggest several plausible hypotheses for a range of mechanisms underlying QDR. We propose that a new generation of genetic resources, complemented by careful phenotypic analysis, will produce a deeper understanding of plant defense and more effective utilization of natural resistance alleles. A thorough understanding of quantitative disease resistance (QDR) would contribute to the design and deployment of durably resistant crop cultivars. However, the molecular mechanisms that control QDR remain poorly understood, largely due to the incomplete and inconsistent nature of the resistance phenotype, which is usually conditioned by many loci of small effect. Here, we discuss recent advances in research on QDR. Based on inferences from analyses of the defense response and from the few isolated QDR genes, we suggest several plausible hypotheses for a range of mechanisms underlying QDR. We propose that a new generation of genetic resources, complemented by careful phenotypic analysis, will produce a deeper understanding of plant defense and more effective utilization of natural resistance alleles. a host–pathogen interaction that results in disease (the host is susceptible). a resistance gene that has become ineffective. a host–pathogen interaction that does not result in disease (the host is resistant). two amino acid sequence motifs commonly found in resistance genes. inbred lines that differ at only a small genomic region. the combination of a specific host species and pathogen species. proteins that identify molecules, such as flagellin or chitin components, that are associated with microbial pathogens. resistance that is expressed as a reduction in disease, rather than as the absence of disease. a locus with an effect on QDR. a locus with an effect on a quantitative trait (i.e. a trait showing continuous variation). an inbred line produced from an initial cross followed by continuous inbreeding; populations of RILs are often used for QTL-mapping studies. the phenomenon of a resistant cultivar becoming susceptible owing to changes in the pathogen race. putative genes that share sequence similarity with known R-genes. the phenomenon of a resistance gene becoming ineffective in a crop variety.}, number={1}, journal={TRENDS IN PLANT SCIENCE}, publisher={Elsevier BV}, author={Poland, Jesse A. and Balint-Kurti, Peter J. and Wisser, Randall J. and Pratt, Richard C. and Nelson, Rebecca J.}, year={2009}, month={Jan}, pages={21–29} } @article{zwonitzer_bubeck_bhattramakki_goodman_arellano_balint-kurti_2009, title={Use of selection with recurrent backcrossing and QTL mapping to identify loci contributing to southern leaf blight resistance in a highly resistant maize line}, volume={118}, ISSN={["1432-2242"]}, url={http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?eid=2-s2.0-61649093980&partnerID=MN8TOARS}, DOI={10.1007/s00122-008-0949-2}, abstractNote={B73 is a historically important maize line with excellent yield potential but high susceptibility to the foliar disease southern leaf blight (SLB). NC292 and NC330 are B73 near-isogenic lines (NILs) that are highly resistant to SLB. They were derived by repeated backcrossing of an elite source of SLB resistance (NC250P) to B73, with selection for SLB resistance among and within backcross families. The goal of this paper was to characterize the loci responsible for the increased SLB resistance of NC292 and NC330 and to determine how many of the SLB disease resistance quantitative trait loci (dQTL) were selected for in the development of NC292 and NC330. Genomic regions that differentiated NC292 and NC330 from B73 and which may contribute to NC292 and NC330s enhanced SLB resistance were identified. Ten NC250P-derived introgressions were identified in both the NC292 and NC330 genomes of which eight were shared between genomes. dQTL were mapped in two F(2:3) populations derived from lines very closely related to the original parents of NC292 and NC330--(B73rhm1 x NC250A and NC250A x B73). Nine SLB dQTL were mapped in the combined populations using combined SLB disease data over all locations (SLB AllLocs). Of these, four dQTL precisely colocalized with NC250P introgressions in bins 2.05-2.06, 3.03, 6.01, and 9.02 and three were identified near NC250P introgressions in bins 1.09, 5.05-5.06, and 10.03. Therefore the breeding program used to develop NC292 and NC330 was highly effective in selecting for multiple SLB resistance alleles.}, number={5}, journal={THEORETICAL AND APPLIED GENETICS}, publisher={Springer Science \mathplus Business Media}, author={Zwonitzer, John C. and Bubeck, David M. and Bhattramakki, Dinakar and Goodman, Major M. and Arellano, Consuelo and Balint-Kurti, Peter J.}, year={2009}, month={Mar}, pages={911–925} } @article{williams_krakowsky_windham_balint-kurti_hawkins_henry_2008, title={IDENTIFYING MAIZE GERMPLASM WITH RESISTANCE TO AFLATOXIN ACCUMULATION}, volume={27}, DOI={10.1080/15569540802399838}, abstractNote={Contamination of maize grain, Zea mays L., with aflatoxin, a toxin produced by the fungus Aspergillus flavus, reduces its value and marketability. Growing hybrids with resistance is generally considered a highly desirable way to reduce A. flavus infection and aflatoxin accumulation. Identifying maize germplasm with resistance is critical to the development and production of such hybrids. USDA-ARS scientists at Mississippi State, Mississippi; Tifton, Georgia; and Raleigh, North Carolina; have engaged in a multilocation approach to germplasm screening. A major component of this has been the evaluation of accessions obtained from the Germplasm Enhancement of Maize (GEM) project at both Mississippi State and Tifton. Selections from GEM accessions 250_01_XL370A_S11_F2S4_9214_Blk21/00-# and 2250_02_XL370A_S11_F2S4_3363_Blk03/00-# exhibited the highest levels of resistance both as lines per se and in testcrosses. Lines developed at the International Maize and Wheat Improvement Center (CIMMYT) and North Carolina State University also exhibited reduced levels of aflatoxin contamination. CML348, NC388, NC400, NC408, and NC458 were among those with low levels of aflatoxin contamination. The lines that displayed low levels of contamination should be useful in maize breeding programs for developing parental inbred lines and aflatoxin-resistant maize hybrids.}, number={3-4}, journal={Toxin Reviews}, publisher={Informa UK Limited}, author={Williams, W. and Krakowsky, Matthew D. and Windham, Gary L. and Balint-Kurti, Peter and Hawkins, Leigh K. and Henry, W.}, year={2008}, month={Jan}, pages={319–345} } @article{balint-kurti_zwonitzer_pè_pea_lee_cardinal_2008, title={Identification of quantitative trait loci for resistance to southern leaf blight and days to anthesis in two maize recombinant inbred line populations}, volume={98}, url={http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?eid=2-s2.0-40849084152&partnerID=MN8TOARS}, DOI={10.1094/PHYTO-98-3-0315}, abstractNote={ The genetic architecture underlying resistance in maize to southern leaf blight (SLB) caused by Cochliobolus heterostrophus race O is not well understood. The objective of this study was to identify loci contributing to SLB resistance in two recombinant inbred line populations and to compare these to SLB resistance loci in other populations. The two populations used were derived from crosses between maize inbred lines H99 and B73 (HB population–142 lines) and between B73 and B52 (BB population–186 lines). They were evaluated for SLB resistance and for days from planting to anthesis (DTA) in 2005 and 2006. Two replications arranged as randomized complete blocks were assessed in each year for each population. Entry mean heritabilities for disease resistance were high for both populations (0.876 and 0.761, respectively). Quantitative trait loci (QTL) for SLB resistance were identified in bins 3.04 (two QTL), 6.01, and 8.05 in the HB population and in bin 2.07 in the BB population. No overlap of DTA and SLB resistance QTL was observed, nor was there any phenotypic correlation between the traits. A comparison of the results of all published SLB resistance QTL studies suggested that bins 3.04 and 6.01 are ‘hotspots’ for SLB resistance QTL. }, number={3}, journal={Phytopathology}, author={Balint-Kurti, P.J. and Zwonitzer, J.C. and Pè, M.E. and Pea, G. and Lee, M. and Cardinal, A.J.}, year={2008}, pages={315–320} } @article{johal_balint-kurti_weil_2008, title={Mining and Harnessing Natural Variation: A Little MAGIC}, volume={48}, url={http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?eid=2-s2.0-57149091739&partnerID=MN8TOARS}, DOI={10.2135/cropsci2008.03.0150}, abstractNote={The success of a breeding program depends on having adequate diversity in the germplasm. However, as advanced breeding stocks and materials are generated, one casualty is the diversity itself. As a result, breeding programs in many crop species have reached a point of diminishing returns and it is feared that unless new diversity is infused into the breeding germplasm, we face catastrophic reductions in crop productivity if the climate turns adverse. Although some scientists favor transgenic approaches, a “back to nature” approach to genetic diversity may prove faster and more effective. Wild and exotic relatives of crop plants hold a wealth of alleles that, if we can find them, can help break yield barriers and enhance tolerance to stresses. Many approaches, based largely on quantitative trait loci genetics, have been proposed and used for this purpose, but most are either highly laborious or discover relevant variation inefficiently. Here, we propose a gene‐centered approach, dubbed MAGIC (mutant‐assisted gene identification and characterization), that uses Mendelian mutants or other genetic variants in a trait of interest as reporters to identify novel genes and variants for that trait. MAGIC is similar to enhancer–suppressor screens, but rather than relying on variation created in the laboratory, it reveals variation created and refined by nature over millions of years of evolution. This approach could be an effective tool for exploring novel variation and a valuable means to harness natural diversity and define genetic networks.}, number={6}, journal={Crop Science}, publisher={Crop Science Society of America}, author={Johal, Gurmukh S. and Balint-Kurti, Peter and Weil, Clifford F.}, year={2008}, pages={2066} } @misc{johal_balint-kurti_well_2008, title={Mining and Harnessing Natural Variation: A Little MAGIC}, volume={48}, number={6}, journal={Crop Science}, author={Johal, G. S. and Balint-Kurti, P. and Well, C. F.}, year={2008}, pages={2066–2073} } @article{balint-kurti_wisser_zwonitzer_2008, title={Use of an advanced intercross line population for precise mapping of quantitative trait loci for gray leaf spot resistance in maize}, volume={48}, ISSN={["1435-0653"]}, url={http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?eid=2-s2.0-54949084231&partnerID=MN8TOARS}, DOI={10.2135/cropsci2007.12.0679}, abstractNote={Gray leaf spot [GLS, causal agent Cercospora zeae‐maydis (Tehon and E. Y. Daniels)] is an important fungal disease of maize in the U.S. and worldwide. The IBM population, an advanced intercross recombinant inbred line population derived from a cross between the maize lines Mo17 (resistant) and B73 (susceptible), was evaluated in three environments (Andrews, NC in 2005, 2006, and 2007) for resistance to GLS and for days from planting to anthesis (DTA). A conventional recombinant inbred line population derived from the same two parents (the “Stuber” population) was also assessed for GLS resistance in two environments (Andrews NC, 2004 and 2005). Quantitative trait loci (QTL) for GLS resistance were detected in each population. Five significant QTL were detected in the IBM population in bins 1.05, 2.04, 4.05, 9.03, and 9.05. In each case the QTL were localized to regions less than 3 centiMorgans (cM). Two QTL for GLS resistance were identified in the Stuber population in bins 2.04 and 7.05. The GLS QTL in bin 2.04 was previously identified as a QTL for southern leaf blight resistance in the IBM population. These results were compared with results from five previous GLS QTL studies and two potential GLS QTL “hotspots” were identified in bins 1.05–1.06 and 2.03–2.05. As expected, QTL were identified with much more precision in the IBM population compared to the Stuber population and to previous studies. There was no significant correlation between disease resistance and days to anthesis. Three DTA QTL were detected in bins 4.09, 8.05, and 9.02, which did not co‐localize with GLS QTL.}, number={5}, journal={CROP SCIENCE}, publisher={Crop Science Society of America}, author={Balint-Kurti, Peter J. and Wisser, Randall and Zwonitzer, John C.}, year={2008}, pages={1696–1704} } @article{gao_shim_goebel_kunze_feussner_meeley_balint-kurti_kolomiets_2007, title={Disruption of a maize 9-lipoxygenase results in increased resistance to fungal pathogens and reduced levels of contamination with mycotoxin fumonisin}, volume={20}, ISSN={["1943-7706"]}, url={http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?eid=2-s2.0-34547106821&partnerID=MN8TOARS}, DOI={10.1094/MPMI-20-8-0922}, abstractNote={ Plant oxylipins, produced via the lipoxygenase (LOX) pathway, function as signals in defense and development. In fungi, oxylipins are potent regulators of mycotoxin biosynthesis and sporogenesis. Previous studies showed that plant 9-LOX-derived fatty acid hydroperoxides induce conidiation and mycotoxin production. Here, we tested the hypothesis that oxylipins produced by the maize 9-LOX pathway are required by pathogens to produce spores and mycotoxins and to successfully colonize the host. Maize mutants were generated in which the function of a 9-LOX gene, ZmLOX3, was abolished by an insertion of a Mutator transposon in its coding sequence, which resulted in reduced levels of several 9-LOX-derived hydroperoxides. Supporting our hypothesis, conidiation and production of the mycotoxin fumonisin B1 by Fusarium verticillioides were drastically reduced in kernels of the lox3 mutants compared with near-isogenic wild types. Similarly, conidia production and disease severity of anthracnose leaf blight caused by Colletotrichum graminicola were significantly reduced in the lox3 mutants. Moreover, lox3 mutants displayed increased resistance to southern leaf blight caused by Cochliobolus heterostrophus and stalk rots caused by both F. verticillioides and C. graminicola. These data strongly suggest that oxylipin metabolism mediated by a specific plant 9-LOX isoform is required for fungal pathogenesis, including disease development and production of spores and mycotoxins. }, number={8}, journal={MOLECULAR PLANT-MICROBE INTERACTIONS}, publisher={Scientific Societies}, author={Gao, Xiquan and Shim, Won-Bo and Goebel, Cornelia and Kunze, Susan and Feussner, Ivo and Meeley, Robert and Balint-Kurti, Peter and Kolomiets, Michael}, year={2007}, month={Aug}, pages={922–933} } @article{jines_balint-kurti_robertson-hoyt_molnar_holland_goodman_2007, title={Mapping resistance to Southern rust in a tropical by temperate maize recombinant inbred topcross population}, volume={114}, ISSN={["1432-2242"]}, url={http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?eid=2-s2.0-33846813838&partnerID=MN8TOARS}, DOI={10.1007/s00122-006-0466-0}, abstractNote={Southern rust, caused by Puccinia polysora Underw, is a foliar disease that can severely reduce grain yield in maize (Zea mays L.). Major resistance genes exist, but their effectiveness can be limited in areas where P. polysora is multi-racial. General resistance could be achieved by combining quantitative and race-specific resistances. This would be desirable if the resistance alleles maintained resistance across environments while not increasing plant maturity. Recombinant inbred (RI) lines were derived from a cross between NC300, a temperate-adapted all-tropical line, and B104, an Iowa Stiff Stalk Synthetic line. The RI lines were topcrossed to the tester FR615 x FR697. The 143 topcrosses were scored for Southern rust in four environments. Time to flowering was measured in two environments. The RI lines were genotyped at 113 simple sequence repeat markers and quantitative trait loci (QTL) were mapped for both traits. The entry mean heritability estimate for Southern rust resistance was 0.93. A multiple interval mapping model, including four QTL, accounted for 88% of the variation among average disease ratings. A major QTL located on the short arm of chromosome 10, explained 83% of the phenotypic variation, with the NC300 allele carrying the resistance. Significant (P < 0.001), but relatively minor, topcross-by-environment interaction occurred for Southern rust, and resulted from the interaction of the major QTL with the environment. Maturity and Southern rust rating were slightly correlated, but QTL for the two traits did not co-localize. Resistance was simply inherited in this population and the major QTL is likely a dominant resistant gene that is independent of plant maturity.}, number={4}, journal={THEORETICAL AND APPLIED GENETICS}, author={Jines, M. P. and Balint-Kurti, P. and Robertson-Hoyt, L. A. and Molnar, T. and Holland, J. B. and Goodman, M. M.}, year={2007}, month={Feb}, pages={659–667} } @article{balint-kurti_zwonitzer_wisser_carson_oropeza-rosas_holland_szalma_2007, title={Precise mapping of quantitative trait loci for resistance to southern leaf blight, caused by Cochliobolus heterostrophus race O, and flowering time using advanced intercross maize lines}, volume={176}, ISSN={["1943-2631"]}, url={http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?eid=2-s2.0-34548569322&partnerID=MN8TOARS}, DOI={10.1534/genetics.106.067892}, abstractNote={Abstract}, number={1}, journal={GENETICS}, author={Balint-Kurti, P. J. and Zwonitzer, J. C. and Wisser, R. J. and Carson, M. L. and Oropeza-Rosas, M. A. and Holland, J. B. and Szalma, S. J.}, year={2007}, month={May}, pages={645–657} } @article{balint-kurti_carson_2006, title={Analysis of quantitative trait loci for resistance to southern leaf blight in juvenile maize}, volume={96}, ISBN={0031-949X}, url={http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?eid=2-s2.0-32144447893&partnerID=MN8TOARS}, DOI={10.1094/PHYTO-96-0221}, abstractNote={ A set of 192 maize recombinant inbred lines (RILs), derived from a cross between the inbred lines Mo17 and B73, were evaluated as 3-week-old seedlings in the greenhouse for resistance to southern leaf blight, caused by Cochliobolus heterostrophus race O. Six significant (LOD >3.1) quantitative trait loci (QTL) were identified for disease resistance, located on chromosomes 1, 2, 3, 6, 7, and 8. Results were compared with a previous study that had used the same RIL population and pathogen isolate, but had examined resistance in mature rather than juvenile plants. There was a very weak but significant correlation between the overall resistance phenotypes of the RILs scored as mature and juvenile plants. Two QTL were found in similar positions on chromosomes 1 and 3 at both growth stages. Other QTL were specific to one growth stage or the other. Twenty-three of these RILs, together with the parental lines, were inoculated in the greenhouse with four C. heterostrophus isolates. Results indicated that the quantitative resistance observed was largely isolate non-specific. }, number={3}, journal={Phytopathology}, publisher={Scientific Societies}, author={Balint-Kurti, P. J. and Carson, M. L.}, year={2006}, pages={221–225} } @article{balint-kurti_krakowsky_jines_robertson_molnar_goodman_holland_2006, title={Identification of quantitative trait loci for resistance to southern leaf blight and days to anthesis in a maize recombinant inbred line population}, volume={96}, ISSN={["1943-7684"]}, url={http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?eid=2-s2.0-33749262148&partnerID=MN8TOARS}, DOI={10.1094/PHYTO-96-1067}, abstractNote={ A recombinant inbred line population derived from a cross between the maize lines NC300 (resistant) and B104 (susceptible) was evaluated for resistance to southern leaf blight (SLB) disease caused by Cochliobolus heterostrophus race O and for days to anthesis in four environments (Clayton, NC, and Tifton, GA, in both 2004 and 2005). Entry mean and average genetic correlations between disease ratings in different environments were high (0.78 to 0.89 and 0.9, respectively) and the overall entry mean heritability for SLB resistance was 0.89. When weighted mean disease ratings were fitted to a model using multiple interval mapping, seven potential quantitative trait loci (QTL) were identified, the two strongest being on chromosomes 3 (bin 3.04) and 9 (bin 9.03–9.04). These QTL explained a combined 80% of the phenotypic variation for SLB resistance. Some time-point-specific SLB resistance QTL were also identified. There was no significant correlation between disease resistance and days to anthesis. Six putative QTL for time to anthesis were identified, none of which coincided with any SLB resistance QTL. }, number={10}, journal={PHYTOPATHOLOGY}, author={Balint-Kurti, P. J. and Krakowsky, M. D. and Jines, M. P. and Robertson, L. A. and Molnar, T. L. and Goodman, M. M. and Holland, J. B.}, year={2006}, month={Oct}, pages={1067–1071} } @article{robertson-hoyt_jines_balint-kurti_kleinschmidt_white_payne_maragos_molnár_holland_2006, title={QTL Mapping for Fusarium Ear Rot and Fumonisin Contamination Resistance in Two Maize Populations}, volume={46}, url={http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?eid=2-s2.0-33746069043&partnerID=MN8TOARS}, DOI={10.2135/cropsci2005.12-0450}, abstractNote={Fusarium verticillioides (Sacc.) Nirenberg (synonym F. moniliforme Sheldon) (teleomorph: Gibberella moniliformis) and F. proliferatum (Matsushima) Nirenberg (teleomorph: G. intermedia) are fungal pathogens of maize (Zea mays L.) that cause ear rot and contaminate grain with fumonisins, mycotoxins that can harm animals and humans. The objective of this study was to identify quantitative trait loci (QTL) for resistance to Fusarium ear rot and fumonisin contamination in two maize populations, comprised of 213 BC1F1:2 families from the first backcross of GE440 to FR1064 (GEFR) and 143 recombinant inbred lines from the cross of NC300 to B104 (NCB). QTL mapping was used to study the genetic relationships between resistances to ear rot and fumonisin contamination and to investigate consistency of QTL across populations. In the GEFR population, seven QTL explained 47% of the phenotypic variation for mean ear rot resistance and nine QTL with one epistatic interaction explained 67% of the variation for mean fumonisin concentration. In the NCB population, five QTL explained 31% of the phenotypic variation for mean ear rot resistance and six QTL and three epistatic interactions explained 81% of the phenotypic variation for mean fumonisin concentration. Eight QTL in the GEFR population and five QTL in the NCB population affected both disease traits. At least three ear rot and two fumonisin contamination resistance QTL mapped to similar positions in the two populations. Two QTL, localized to chromosomes four and five, appeared to be consistent for both traits across both populations.}, number={4}, journal={Crop Science}, publisher={Crop Science Society of America}, author={Robertson-Hoyt, Leilani A. and Jines, Michael P. and Balint-Kurti, Peter J. and Kleinschmidt, Craig E. and White, Don G. and Payne, Gary A. and Maragos, Chris M. and Molnár, Terence L. and Holland, James B.}, year={2006}, pages={1734} } @article{robertson-hoyt_jines_balint-kurti_kleinschmidt_white_payne_maragos_molnar_holland_2006, title={QTL mapping for fusarium ear rot and fumonisin contamination resistance in two maize populations}, volume={46}, DOI={10.2135/cropsci205.12-0450}, number={4}, journal={Crop Science}, author={Robertson-Hoyt, L. A. and Jines, M. P. and Balint-Kurti, Peter and Kleinschmidt, C. E. and White, D. G. and Payne, G. A. and Maragos, C. M. and Molnar, T. L. and Holland, J. B.}, year={2006}, pages={1734–1743} } @article{balint-kurti_blanco_millard_duvick_holland_clements_holley_carson_goodman_2006, title={Registration of 20 GEM maize breeding germplasm lines adapted to the southern USA}, volume={46}, ISSN={["0011-183X"]}, DOI={10.2135/cropsci2005.04-0013}, abstractNote={Twenty maize breeding germplasm lines were developed cooperatively by the USDA GEM (Germplasm Enhancement of Maize) project (Reg. no. GP-407 to GP-426, PI 639037 to PI 639056). These lines were developed by selfing and selecting variable F1s from variable source × US inbred crosses in North Carolina under standard nursery conditions, followed by a second selfing-selection season in Homestead, Florida, and a third selfing-selection season in a selection nursery in Raleigh (F2S2). The germplasm lines were selected on the basis of resistance to Fusarium ear rot (Gibberella moniliformis and Fusarium proliferatum) and anthracnose (Colletotrichum graminicola), resistance to lodging, early flowering, synchrony of silk and pollen production, and reduced plant and ear height. In trials conducted in 2001 and 2002, the germplasm lines recorded grain yields ranging from 11197 to 13596 kg/ha (compared with 11009 kg/ha for the control) and grain moisture content ranging from 185 to 212 g/kg (compared with 190 g/kg for the control).}, number={2}, journal={CROP SCIENCE}, publisher={Crop Science Society of America}, author={Balint-Kurti, PJ and Blanco, M and Millard, M and Duvick, S and Holland, J and Clements, M and Holley, R and Carson, ML and Goodman, MM}, year={2006}, pages={996–998} } @article{carson_balint-kurti_blanco_millard_duvick_holley_hudyncia_goodman_2006, title={Registration of nine high-yielding tropical by temperate maize germplasm lines adapted for the southern USA}, volume={46}, ISSN={["1435-0653"]}, url={http://dx.doi.org/10.2135/cropsci2005.08-0283 http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true{\&}db=agr{\&}AN=IND43883443{\&}site=ehost-live{\&}scope=site}, DOI={10.2135/cropsci2005.08-0283}, abstractNote={Nine maize (Zea mays L.) germplasm lines have been developed by the USDA GEM (Germplasm Enhancement of Maize) project (Reg no. GP-501–509, PI 639497–639505, see Table 1). The GEM project is a cooperative research effort to facilitate the introduction of exotic maize germplasm into U.S. breeding programs. It involves most U.S. maize breeding companies and many public cooperators (Pollak, 2003; Pollak and Salhuana, 2001; Goodman, 1999; Goodman and Carson, 2000; Goodman et al., 2000). Replicated breeding trials coordinated by North Carolina State University as part of the GEM project, and conducted by several public and private GEM cooperators, have identified nine superior F2S2 germplasm lines (S2 lines derived from an F2 population) containing 50% tropical germplasm by pedigree. When topcrossed to sister-line crosses or foundation-seed inbreds, these germplasm lines have yielded well in North Carolina and other southern corn growing regions of the USA in comparison to commercial check hybrids (i.e., their yields were either significantly higher or not statistically significantly different from the yields of the commercial check hybrids). They also performed at least as well as commercial check hybrids by several other criteria enumerated below. Table 1 shows the GEM names designated for these sources alongside their previous identifiers. The source of the tropical germplasm involved in these nine novel germplasm lines is the Brazilian population PE1 (also known as BR51403). PE1 is a composite of varieties from the state of Pernambuco, Brazil. The U.S. parent of the germplasm was a privately owned inbred line of the nonstiff stalk heterotic group. These germplasm lines were developed by selfing and selecting within variable F1s from crosses between the tropicalsource (i.e., different individuals from the PE1 population) and the U.S. inbred, in North Carolina under standard nursery conditions. F2 seed were bulked and used for a second selfing/ selection season in Homestead, FL. Nine hundred ninety F3 progenies, each derived from the self of a different F2 plant, were tested for per-se yield in unreplicated yield trials at the Sandhills Research Station in North Carolina in 1996. The top 10% were selected for further selfing and topcrossing in a winter nursery at Homestead, FL. All procedures were performed using ear-to-row methods (i.e., each row was planted with seeds from a single ear), except that F2 seeds planted at Homestead were bulked by pedigree (i.e., all the F2 seed from each tropical source 3 U.S. inbred were bulked). Germplasm lines were visually selected on the basis of resistance to lodging, early flowering, synchrony of silk and pollen production, and reduced plant and ear height. Topcross seed for initial yield trials were produced using the sister line cross FR992 3 FR1064 (provided by Illinois Foundation Seeds) as tester. These seed were used for yield trials in 15 test locations from Delaware to Georgia and as far west as Missouri over 2 yr (1997 and 1998). These states were Delaware (1 location), Georgia (3 locations), Kentucky (2 locations), Maryland (1 location), Missouri (2 locations), North Carolina (4 locations), Tennessee (1 location), Texas (1 location). The released germplasm lines were among the top performers in these tests. The seed moisture of the sources being registered was not significantly higher or was lower than the commercial hybrid check means in all cases and lodging was acceptable as well. These data are detailed in Table 1. Additional yield experiments were conducted with GEMS-0042, GEMS-0033, and GEMS-0037, top crossed to the stiff-stalk testers LH200 and LH244 and tested at several locations throughout the southern Corn Belt in 2001 and 2002. In these experiments the germplasm lines produced superior yields to elite hybrid checks, yielding between 9500 and 9800 kg ha compared with a hybrid check mean of 9390 kg ha21 (The checks in this case were Dekalb brand 687; Pioneer brands 30F33, 32K61, and 3165; NC320 3 T7; LH132 3 LH51 and LH200 3 LH262). In yield trials conducted in the mid-western Corn Belt (Iowa, Missouri, and Illinois) using LH200 and LH198 as testers, the yields of all of these germplasm lines were inferior to the hybrid check means. GEMS-0035 (8786 kg ha), GEMS-0039 (8704 kg ha), and GEMS-0042 (8604 kg ha) yielded best in top crosses with LH200, compared to the hybrid check mean of 9765 kg ha. (The checks in this case were Pioneer brands 31G98, 34B23, 33P66; LH198 3 LH185 and LH200 3 LH262). GEMS-0039 (9527 kg ha), GEMS-0036 (8817 kg ha) and GEMS-0037 (8786 kg ha21) yielded best in top crosses with LH198, compared with a hybrid check mean of 9602 kg ha. (The checks in this case were Pioneer brands 31G98, 34B23, 33P66; LH198 3 LH185 and LH200 3 LH262). These materials have a range of kernel colors; Orange and yellow (GEMS-0040), orange (GEMS-0037), yellow and yellow cap (GEMS-0036 and GEMS-0042), yellow cap (GEMS0035) and yellow (all others). A range of kernel textures are}, number={4}, journal={CROP SCIENCE}, author={Carson, M. L. and Balint-Kurti, P. J. and Blanco, M. and Millard, M. and Duvick, S. and Holley, R. and Hudyncia, J. and Goodman, M. M.}, year={2006}, pages={1825–1826} } @misc{wisser_balint-kurti_nelson_2006, title={The genetic architecture of disease resistance in maize: A synthesis of published studies}, volume={96}, ISSN={["1943-7684"]}, url={http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?eid=2-s2.0-32144463686&partnerID=MN8TOARS}, DOI={10.1094/PHYTO-96-0120}, abstractNote={ Fifty publications on the mapping of maize disease resistance loci were synthesized. These papers reported the locations of 437 quantitative trait loci (QTL) for disease (dQTL), 17 resistance genes (R-genes), and 25 R-gene analogs. A set of rules was devised to enable the placement of these loci on a single consensus map, permitting analysis of the distribution of resistance loci identified across a variety of maize germplasm for a number of different diseases. The confidence intervals of the dQTL were distributed over all 10 chromosomes and covered 89% of the genetic map to which the data were anchored. Visual inspection indicated the presence of clusters of dQTL for multiple diseases. Clustering of dQTL was supported by statistical tests that took into account genome-wide variations in gene density. Several novel clusters of resistance loci were identified. Evidence was also found for the association of dQTL with maturity-related QTL. It was evident from the distinct dQTL distributions for the different diseases that certain breeding schemes may be more suitable for certain diseases. This review provides an up-to-date synthesis of reports on the locations of resistance loci in maize. }, number={2}, journal={PHYTOPATHOLOGY}, publisher={Scientific Societies}, author={Wisser, RJ and Balint-Kurti, PJ and Nelson, RJ}, year={2006}, month={Feb}, pages={120–129} } @article{balint-kurti_churchill_2004, title={Towards a molecular understanding of Mycosphaerella/banana interactions}, ISBN={1578083400}, journal={Banana improvement : cellular, molecular biology, and induced mutations}, publisher={Enfield, N.H. : Science Publishers}, author={Balint-Kurti, P. and Churchill, A. C. L.}, editor={S. M. Jain and Swennen, R.Editors}, year={2004} } @article{brummell_balint-kurti_harpster_palys_oeller_gutterson_2003, title={Inverted repeat of a heterologous 3′-untranslated region for high-efficiency, high-throughput gene silencing}, volume={33}, url={http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?eid=2-s2.0-0037297007&partnerID=MN8TOARS}, DOI={10.1046/j.1365-313x.2003.01659.x}, abstractNote={Summary}, number={4}, journal={The Plant Journal}, publisher={Wiley-Blackwell}, author={Brummell, David A. and Balint-Kurti, Peter J. and Harpster, Mark H. and Palys, Joseph M. and Oeller, Paul W. and Gutterson, Neal}, year={2003}, month={Feb}, pages={793–800} } @article{ganapathi_higgs_balint-kurti_arntzen_may_van eck_2001, title={Agrobacterium-mediated transformation of embryogenic cell suspensions of the banana cultivar Rasthali (AAB)}, volume={20}, url={http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?eid=2-s2.0-0035114990&partnerID=MN8TOARS}, DOI={10.1007/s002990000287}, abstractNote={ A protocol was developed for establishing embryogenic suspension cultures from in vitro-grown, thin shoot-tip sections of the banana cultivar Rasthali. The best medium for callus induction was an MS-based medium supplemented with 2 mg/l 2,4-D and 0.2 mg/l zeatin. The callus was transferred to liquid medium to establish embryogenic cell suspensions. These cultures were subsequently used for Agrobacterium-mediated transformation. The Agrobacterium tumefaciens strain EHA105 containing the binary vector pVGSUN with the als gene as a selectable marker and an intron-containing the gusA gene as a reporter gene was used for transformations. The herbicide Glean was used as a selection agent. Two hundred putative transformants were recovered, of which a set of 16 was tested by histochemical analysis for GUS expression and by Southern blot analysis with a probe for the gusA gene. The plants were positive for GUS expression and integration of the gusA gene. Two of the transformants were grown to maturity under greenhouse conditions. Bananas were harvested to test GUS expression by histochemical analysis. The fruit from both transgenics tested positive for GUS expression.}, number={2}, journal={Plant Cell Reports}, author={Ganapathi, T.R. and Higgs, N.S. and Balint-Kurti, P.J. and Arntzen, C.J. and May, G. and Van Eck, J.M.}, year={2001}, pages={157–162} } @book{balint-kurti_firoozabady_moy_mercier_fong_wong_gutterson_2001, title={Better bananas – the biotech way}, volume={10}, journal={Infomusa}, author={Balint-Kurti, P. and Firoozabady, E. and Moy, Y. and Mercier, R. and Fong, R. and Wong, L. and Gutterson, N.}, year={2001} } @article{balint-kurti_may_churchill_2001, title={Development of a transformation system for Mycosphaerella pathogens of banana: a tool for the study of host/pathogen interactions}, volume={195}, url={http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?eid=2-s2.0-0035808973&partnerID=MN8TOARS}, DOI={10.1016/s0378-1097(00)00537-1}, abstractNote={A genetic transformation system has been developed for three Mycosphaerella pathogens of banana and plantain (Musa spp.). Mycosphaerella fijiensis and Mycosphaerella musicola, the causal agents of black and yellow Sigatoka, respectively, and Mycosphaerella eumusae, which causes Septoria leaf spot of banana, were transformed with a construct carrying a synthetic gene encoding green fluorescent protein (GFP). Most single-spored transformants that expressed GFP constitutively were mitotically stable in the absence of selection for hygromycin B resistance. Transformants of all three species were pathogenic on the susceptible banana cultivar Grand Nain, and growth in planta was comparable to wild-type strains. GFP expression by transformants allowed us to observe extensive fungal growth within leaf tissue that eventually turned necrotic, at which point the fungi grew saprophytically on the dead tissue. Leaf chlorosis and necrosis were often observed in advance of saprophytic growth of the mycelium on necrotic tissue, which supports previous reports suggesting secretion of a phytotoxin.}, number={1}, journal={FEMS Microbiology Letters}, publisher={Oxford University Press (OUP)}, author={Balint-Kurti, P.J. and May, G.D. and Churchill, A.C.L.}, year={2001}, month={Feb}, pages={9–15} } @article{peumans_zhang_barre_astoul_balint-kurti_rovira_rougé\mathsemicolon_may_leuven_truffa-bachi_et al._2000, title={Fruit-specific lectins from banana and plantain}, volume={211}, url={http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?eid=2-s2.0-0033786158&partnerID=MN8TOARS}, DOI={10.1007/s004250000307}, abstractNote={One of the predominant proteins in the pulp of ripe bananas (Musa acuminata L.) and plantains (Musa spp.) has been identified as a lectin. The banana and plantain agglutinins (called BanLec and PlanLec, respectively) were purified in reasonable quantities using a novel isolation procedure, which prevented adsorption of the lectins onto insoluble endogenous polysaccharides. Both BanLec and PlanLec are dimeric proteins composed of two identical subunits of 15 kDa. They readily agglutinate rabbit erythrocytes and exhibit specificity towards mannose. Molecular cloning revealed that BanLec has sequence similarity to previously described lectins of the family of jacalin-related lectins, and according to molecular modelling studies has the same overall fold and three-dimensional structure. The identification of BanLec and PlanLec demonstrates the occurrence of jacalin-related lectins in monocot species, suggesting that these lectins are more widespread among higher plants than is actually believed. The banana and plantain lectins are also the first documented examples of jacalin-related lectins, which are abundantly present in the pulp of mature fruits but are apparently absent from other tissues. However, after treatment of intact plants with methyl jasmonate, BanLec is also clearly induced in leaves. The banana lectin is a powerful murine T-cell mitogen. The relevance of the mitogenicity of the banana lectin is discussed in terms of both the physiological role of the lectin and the impact on food safety.}, number={4}, journal={Planta}, publisher={Springer Science \mathplus Business Media}, author={Peumans, Willy J. and Zhang, Wenling and Barre, Annick and Astoul, Corinne Houlè\mathsemicolons and Balint-Kurti, Peter J. and Rovira, Paula and Rougé\mathsemicolon, Pierre and May, Gregory D. and Leuven, Fred Van and Truffa-Bachi, Paolo and et al.}, year={2000}, month={Sep}, pages={546–554} } @article{balint-kurti_clendennen_doleželová_valárik_doležel_beetham_may_2000, title={Identification and chromosomal localization of the monkey retrotransposon in Musa sp.}, volume={263}, ISSN={0026-8925 1432-1874}, url={http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s004380000265}, DOI={10.1007/s004380000265}, abstractNote={Retroelements are ubiquitous features of eukaryotic genomes, often accounting for a substantial fraction of their total DNA content. One major group of retroelements, which includes the gypsy and copia-like elements, is distinguished by the presence of long terminal repeats (LTRs). We have identified and partially characterized a sequence from banana (Musa acuminata cv. Grand Nain) which shows significant homology to gypsy-like LTR retroelements from other species. The element, named monkey, shows a high degree of homology to the reverse transcriptase, RNase H and integrase genes of retroelements from plants, fungi and yeast. However, several stop codons are present in the major ORF of this element, suggesting that this copy of monkey, if functional, is non-autonomous. Southern analysis indicated that monkey is present in both the A and B genomes of Musa, and that it is found in 200-500 copies per haploid genome in cv. Grand Nain. Chromosomal localization by fluorescent in-situ hybridization indicates that copies of monkey are concentrated in the nucleolar organizer regions and colocalize with rRNA genes. Other copies of monkey appear to be dispersed throughout the genome.}, number={6}, journal={Molecular and General Genetics MGG}, publisher={Springer Science and Business Media LLC}, author={Balint-Kurti, P. J. and Clendennen, S. K. and Doleželová, M. and Valárik, M. and Doležel, J. and Beetham, P. R. and May, G. D.}, year={2000}, month={Aug}, pages={908–915} } @article{balint-kurti_ginsburgt_liu_kimmel_1998, title={Non-autonomous regulation of a graded, PKA-mediated transcriptional activation signal for cell patterning}, volume={125}, url={http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?eid=2-s2.0-0031792681&partnerID=MN8TOARS}, number={20}, journal={Development}, author={Balint-Kurti, P. and Ginsburgt, G.T. and Liu, J. and Kimmel, A.R.}, year={1998}, pages={3947–3954} } @article{thomas_jones_parniske_harrison_balint-kurti_hatzixanthis_jones_1997, title={Characterization of the Tomato Cf-4 Gene for Resistance to Cladosporium fulvum Identifies Sequences That Determine Recognitional Specificity in Cf-4 and Cf-9}, volume={9}, DOI={10.2307/3870580}, number={12}, journal={The Plant Cell}, publisher={JSTOR}, author={Thomas, Colwyn M. and Jones, David A. and Parniske, Martin and Harrison, Kate and Balint-Kurti, Peter J. and Hatzixanthis, Kostas and Jones, Jonathan D. G.}, year={1997}, pages={2209} } @inbook{rogers_ginsburg_mu_gollop_balint-kurti_louis_kimmel_1997, title={The cAMP gene family of Dictyostelium discoideum: expression, regulation, function. Dictyostelium-A Model System for Cell and Developmental Biology}, booktitle={Frontiers Science Series}, publisher={Universal Academy Press, Inc}, author={Rogers, K.C. and Ginsburg, G.T. and Mu, X. and Gollop, R. and Balint-Kurti, P.J. and Louis, J.M. and Kimmel, A.R.}, year={1997}, pages={163–172} } @article{balint-kurti_ginsburg_rivero-lezcano_kimmel_1997, title={rZIP, a RING-leucine zipper protein that regulates cell fate determination during Dictyostelium development}, volume={124}, url={http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?eid=2-s2.0-0030986933&partnerID=MN8TOARS}, number={6}, journal={Development}, author={Balint-Kurti, P. and Ginsburg, G. and Rivero-Lezcano, O. and Kimmel, A.R.}, year={1997}, pages={1203–1213} } @book{balint-kurti_jones_jones_thomas_1996, title={Plant pathogen resistance genes and uses thereof}, number={WO1996035790 A1}, author={Balint-Kurti, P.J. and Jones, D.A. and Jones, J.D.G. and Thomas, C.M.}, year={1996}, month={Nov} } @article{balint-kurti_jones_jones_1995, title={Integration of the classical and RFLP linkage maps of the short arm of tomato chromosome 1}, volume={90}, url={http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?eid=2-s2.0-0029163643&partnerID=MN8TOARS}, DOI={10.1007/bf00220991}, abstractNote={The classical map of the short arm of chromosome 1 of tomato (Lycopersicon esculentum) has been shown to contain inaccuracies while the RFLP map of this region is known to be generally accurate. Molecular analysis of populations derived from crosses between L. esculentum lines carrying chromosome 1 classical markers and L. pennellii has enabled us to produce an integrated classical and RFLP marker map of this region. New data concerning the linkage relationships between classical markers have also been combined with previous data to produce a new classical map of the short arm of chromosome 1. The orders of the classical markers on these two new maps are in almost complete agreement and are very different to that shown on the previous classical map.}, number={1}, journal={Theoret. Appl. Genetics}, publisher={Springer Science \mathplus Business Media}, author={Balint-Kurti, P.J. and Jones, D.A. and Jones, J.D.G.}, year={1995}, month={Jan}, pages={17–26} } @book{balint-kurti_jones_jones_1994, title={Dominance of Lapageria (Lpg) is reversed in crosses with Lycopersicon pennellii}, volume={44}, number={5}, journal={Tomato Genetics Co-operative Report}, author={Balint-Kurti, P.J. and Jones, D.A. and Jones, J.D.G.}, year={1994} } @article{jones_thomas_hammond-kosack_balint-kurti_jonest_1994, title={Isolation of the tomato Cf-9 gene for resistance to Cladosporium fulvum by transposon tagging}, volume={266}, url={http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?eid=2-s2.0-0028152968&partnerID=MN8TOARS}, number={5186}, journal={Science}, author={Jones, D.A. and Thomas, C.M. and Hammond-Kosack, K.E. and Balint-Kurti, P.J. and Jonest, J.D.G.}, year={1994}, pages={789–793} } @article{balint-kurti_dixon_jones_norcott_jones_1994, title={RFLP linkage analysis of the Cf-4 and Cf-9 genes for resistance to Cladosporium fulvum in tomato}, volume={88}, url={http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?eid=2-s2.0-0027954746&partnerID=MN8TOARS}, DOI={10.1007/BF01253972}, abstractNote={Four different populations segregating for one of the two closely linked (possibly allelic) tomato disease resistance genes to the fungusCladosporium fulvum,Cf-4 andCf-9, were generated and analysed for recombination frequencies between theCf-genes and restriction fragment length polymorphism (RFLP) loci. The population consisting of F2 progeny from the interspecific crossLycopersicon esculentum carryingCf-9 ×L. pennellii was identified as the most useful for RFLP mapping of theCf-4/9 locus and an RFLP map around this locus was constructed mainly using this population. The two closest markers identified were CP46, 2.6 cM distal, and a group of 11 markers including TG236, 3.7 cM proximal toCf-4/9. A polymerase chain reaction (PCR)-based procedure for the rapid identification of recombination events between these two markers was developed. The regions of foreign DNA introgression surroundingCf-4 andCf-9 in near-isogenic lines were delimited.}, number={6-7}, journal={Theoretical and Applied Genetics}, author={Balint-Kurti, P.J. and Dixon, M.S. and Jones, D.A. and Norcott, K.A. and Jones, J.D.G.}, year={1994}, pages={691–700} } @book{balint-kurti_1994, title={The cloned tomato peroxidase genes pTAP1 and pTAP2 correspond to the linked isozymes Prx2 and Prx3}, volume={44}, number={5}, journal={Tomato Genetics Co-operative Report}, author={Balint-Kurti, P.J.}, year={1994} } @article{jones_dickinson_balint-kurti_dixon_jones_1993, title={Two complex resistance loci revealed in tomato by classical and RFLP mapping of the Cf-2, Cf-4, Cf-5, and Cf-9 genes for resistance to Cladosporium fulvum}, volume={6}, number={3}, journal={Molecular Plant Microbe Interactions}, author={Jones, D-A and Dickinson, M-J and Balint-Kurti, P-J and Dixon, M-S and Jones, J-D-G}, year={1993}, pages={348–357} } @book{jones_balint-kurti_dickinson_dixon_jones_1992, title={Locations of genes for resistance to Cladosporium fulvum on the classical and RFLP maps of tomato}, volume={42}, journal={Tomato Genetics Co-operative Report}, author={Jones, D.A. and Balint-Kurti, P.J. and Dickinson, M.J. and Dixon, M.S. and Jones, J.D.G.}, year={1992}, pages={19 22} }