@article{buff_nath_steer_2007, title={Origin of the half-wavelength errors in microwave measurements using through-line calibrations}, volume={56}, ISSN={["1557-9662"]}, DOI={10.1109/TIM.2007.904490}, abstractNote={The through-line calibration family uses measurements of a through connection and an inserted line to determine the propagation constant of the line. This is typically used with measurements of a reflect standard to characterize fixturing errors. Subsequently, the S-parameters of a device under test are de-embedded. Measurement uncertainties occur at frequencies where the length of the line standard is an odd multiple of a half-wavelength. The origin of these errors is identified as fixture inconsistencies between the through and the line measurements. Error formulations are developed, and it is shown that a small fixturing error can be accounted for as a multiplicative transmission error. An error sensitivity function is developed and highlights the importance of fixture repeatability.}, number={5}, journal={IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON INSTRUMENTATION AND MEASUREMENT}, author={Buff, P. Mark and Nath, Jayesh and Steer, Michael B.}, year={2007}, month={Oct}, pages={1610–1615} }
 @article{buff_steer_lazzi_2006, title={Cole-Cole dispersion models for aqueous gelatin-syrup dielectric composites}, volume={44}, ISSN={["0196-2892"]}, DOI={10.1109/TGRS.2005.861409}, abstractNote={A dielectric composite is developed with permittivity ranging from 8 to 75 with selectable conductive and dielectric losses. The composite comprises gelatin, high fructose corn syrup (HFCS), NaCl, and water, and can be used to model soils, loams, and sands in the 200-MHz to 20-GHz range. A single-term Cole-Cole dispersion equation is developed with frequency-independent parameters being functions of component concentrations. Fits are provided for various soil samples and surrogate concentrations.}, number={2}, journal={IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON GEOSCIENCE AND REMOTE SENSING}, author={Buff, PM and Steer, MB and Lazzi, G}, year={2006}, month={Feb}, pages={351–355} }