@article{palmer_vedovatto_oliveira_ranches_vendramini_poore_martins_binelli_arthington_moriel_2022, title={Timing of maternal supplementation of dried distillers grains during late gestation influences postnatal growth, immunocompetence, and carcass characteristics of Bos indicus-influenced beef calves}, volume={100}, ISSN={["1525-3163"]}, DOI={10.1093/jas/skac022}, abstractNote={Abstract}, number={2}, journal={JOURNAL OF ANIMAL SCIENCE}, author={Palmer, Elizabeth A. and Vedovatto, Marcelo and Oliveira, Rhaiza A. and Ranches, Juliana and Vendramini, Joao M. B. and Poore, Matthew H. and Martins, Thiago and Binelli, Mario and Arthington, John D. and Moriel, Philipe}, year={2022}, month={Feb} }
 @article{carvalho_sanglard_nascimento_moriel_sommer_merrill_poore_duarte_serao_2020, title={miRNAs explain the variation in muscle and blood transcriptomes of beef calves born from dams with or without energy restriction during late gestation}, volume={98}, ISSN={["1525-3163"]}, DOI={10.1093/jas/skaa054.292}, abstractNote={Abstract}, journal={JOURNAL OF ANIMAL SCIENCE}, author={Carvalho, Elisa B. and Sanglard, Leticia P. and Nascimento, Moyses and Moriel, Philipe and Sommer, Jeffrey and Merrill, Melissa and Poore, Matthew and Duarte, Marcio and Serao, Nick}, year={2020}, month={Nov}, pages={165–165} }
 @article{sanglard_nascimento_moriel_sommer_ashwell_poore_duarte_serão_2018, title={Impact of energy restriction during late gestation on the muscle and blood transcriptome of beef calves after preconditioning}, volume={19}, ISSN={1471-2164}, url={http://dx.doi.org/10.1186/s12864-018-5089-8}, DOI={10.1186/s12864-018-5089-8}, abstractNote={Maternal nutrition has been highlighted as one of the main factors affecting intra-uterine environment. The increase in nutritional requirements by beef cows during late gestation can cause nutritional deficiency in the fetus and impact the fetal regulation of genes associated with myogenesis and immune response.Forty days before the expected calving date, cows were assigned to one of two diets: 100% (control) or 70% (restricted group) of the daily energy requirement. Muscle samples were collected from 12 heifers and 12 steers, and blood samples were collected from 12 steers. The objective of this work was to identify and to assess the biological relevance of differentially expressed genes (DEG) in the skeletal muscle and blood of beef calves born from cows that experienced [or not] a 30% energy restriction during the last 40 days of gestation.A total of 160, 164, and 346 DEG (q-value< 0.05) were identified in the skeletal muscle for the effects of diet, sex, and diet-by-sex interaction, respectively. For blood, 452, 1392, and 155 DEG were identified for the effects of diet, time, and diet-by-time interaction, respectively. For skeletal muscle, results based on diet identified genes involved in muscle metabolism. In muscle, from the 10 most DEG down-regulated in the energy-restricted group (REST), we identified 5 genes associated with muscle metabolism and development: SLCO3A1, ATP6V0D1, SLC2A1, GPC4, and RASD2. In blood, among the 10 most DEG, we found genes related to response to stress up-regulated in the REST after weaning, such as SOD3 and INO80D, and to immune response down-regulated in the REST after vaccination, such as OASL, KLRF1, and LOC104968634.In conclusion, maternal energy restriction during late gestation may limit the expression of genes in the muscle and increase expression in the blood of calves. In addition, enrichment analysis showed that a short-term maternal energy restriction during pregnancy affects the expression of genes related to energy metabolism and muscle contraction, and immunity and stress response in the blood. Therefore, alterations in the intra-uterine environment can modify prenatal development with lasting consequences to adult life.}, number={1}, journal={BMC Genomics}, publisher={Springer Science and Business Media LLC}, author={Sanglard, Leticia P and Nascimento, Moysés and Moriel, Philipe and Sommer, Jeffrey and Ashwell, Melissa and Poore, Matthew H and Duarte, Márcio de S and Serão, Nick V L}, year={2018}, month={Sep} }
 @article{moriel_piccolo_artioli_poore_marques_cooke_2016, title={Decreasing the frequency and rate of wet brewers grains supplementation did not impact growth but reduced humoral immune response of preconditioning beef heifers}, volume={94}, ISSN={["1525-3163"]}, DOI={10.2527/jas.2015-0250}, abstractNote={This study evaluated growth and measurements of innate and humoral immunity of preconditioning beef heifers supplemented with wet brewers grains (WBG) at 2 supplementation rates and frequencies. At 14 d after weaning (d 0), Angus heifers ( = 36; 213 ± 2 kg BW and 254 ± 7 d of age) were stratified by BW and age and randomly assigned to 1 of 12 drylot pens (3 heifers/pen). Treatments were randomly assigned to pens, in a 2 × 2 factorial design, and consisted of heifers provided ground tall fescue hay ad libitum (55% TDN and 12% CP of DM) and supplemented with WBG (75% TDN and 36% CP of DM) either daily (7X) or 3 times weekly (3X; Monday, Wednesday, and Friday) at 0.5 or 1.0% of BW (DM basis) for 42 d. Heifers were vaccinated against infectious bovine rhinotracheitis (IBR), bovine viral diarrhea virus (BVDV), Mannheimia haemolytica, and Clostridium on d 14 and 28. Individual BW was measured before feeding on d 0 and 42 following 12 h of feed and water withdrawal. Blood samples were collected via jugular venipuncture 4 h after WBG supplementation on d 14, 15, 16, 17, 21, 28, 29, 30, 31, 35, and 42. Heifers fed WBG 3X had less hay DMI (2.6 ± 0.16 vs. 3.2 ± 0.16 kg/d; < 0.0001) but greater total DMI (5.6 ± 0.16 vs. 3.8 ± 0.16 kg/d; < 0.0001) than 7X heifers on days that all heifers received WBG supplementation. However, overall hay and total DMI was not affected ( ≥ 0.40) by supplementation frequency. Therefore, ADG, BW, and G:F from d 0 to 42 did not differ among treatments ( ≥ 0.29). Plasma concentrations of haptoglobin on d 15 and cortisol on d 14 were greater for 3X heifers vs. 7X heifers ( ≤ 0.04). Heifers fed WBG at 0.5% of BW tended to have greater plasma cortisol concentrations on d 15, 17, and 35 ( ≤ 0.09) than heifers fed at 1.0% of BW. Serum BVDV-1a titers were greater ( = 0.04) for 7X heifers vs. 3X heifers on d 42 (4.2 ± 0.28 vs. 3.3 ± 0.28 log), whereas serum titers against BVDV-2 and IBR were greater for heifers fed WBG at 1.0% of BW vs. heifers fed WBG at 0.5% of BW (7.6 vs. 6.7 and 3.3 vs. 2.8 ± 0.19 log, respectively). In summary, decreasing WBG supplementation frequency (7 vs. 3 times weekly) or rate (1.0 vs. 0.5% of BW) for recently weaned beef heifers did not affect growth but decreased vaccine-induced antibody production against pathogens associated with bovine respiratory disease during a 42-d preconditioning period.}, number={7}, journal={JOURNAL OF ANIMAL SCIENCE}, author={Moriel, P. and Piccolo, M. B. and Artioli, L. F. A. and Poore, M. H. and Marques, R. S. and Cooke, R. F.}, year={2016}, month={Jul}, pages={3030–3041} }
 @article{mercadante_fontes_ciriaco_henry_moriel_ealy_johnson_dilorenzo_lamb_2016, title={Effects of recombinant bovine somatotropin administration at breeding on cow, conceptus, and subsequent offspring performance of beef cattle}, volume={94}, ISSN={["1525-3163"]}, DOI={10.2527/jas.2015-0217}, abstractNote={The effects of administration of recombinant bovine ST (bST) on plasma hormone concentrations of cows, conceptus development, and postnatal calf performance were examined. Lactating beef cows ( = 190) were exposed to a fixed-time AI (TAI) protocol from d -10 to 0 (TAI on d 0). Cows were blocked by breed and stratified by days postpartum and then randomly assigned to receive, subcutaneously 1) 2 injections of saline (1 mL of 0.9% saline), 1 on d 0 at TAI and a second injection on d 14 (CTRL; = 53); 2) an injection of 325 mg of bST on d 0 and a saline injection on d 14 (bST0; = 48); 3) a saline injection on d 0 and an injection of 325 mg of bST on d 14 (bST14; = 49); or 4) 2 injections of 325 mg of bST, 1 on d 0 and a second injection on d 14 (bST0+14; = 40). Pregnancy status, crown-to-rump length (CRL) on Day 35, and crown-to-nose length (CNL) on Day 65 were determined via transrectal ultrasonography. Blood samples were collected on d 0, 7, 14, 21, 35, and 65, relative to TAI, to determine plasma concentrations of progesterone (P4), IGF-1, and pregnancy-specific protein B (PSPB) and also on d 18 and 21 for isolation of peripheral blood leukocytes for RNA extraction and measurement of interferon-stimulated genes transcript abundance. Individual calf BW was determined at birth and every 30 d until weaning. A subset of 24 calves was randomly selected for liver biopsies at birth to determine mRNA expression of target genes. Administration of bST to cows increased ( < 0.0001) concentrations of plasma IGF-1 for 14 d after injection compared with CTRL but did not affect fetal CRL and CNL ( = 0.23). Cows receiving bST only on d 0 had a greater ( = 0.05) transcript abundance in myxovirus resistance 2 on d 21 compared with 2bST cows (2.0- and 0.8-fold for bST0 and 2bST, respectively), whereas cows receiving bST14 and CTRL were intermediate (1.2- and 0.9-fold, respectively). Calf BW did not differ ( ≥ 0.100) among treatments on d 0, 30, 60, 90, 120, and 150 relative to birth. Injection of bST only on d 0 tended ( = 0.062) to increase calf liver mRNA expression of at birth compared with the calves born to cows in other treatments. Therefore, during a TAI protocol, the administration of 1 or 2 injections of 325 mg of bST to lactating beef cows enhanced their plasma concentrations of IGF-1 but failed to improve fetal size and plasma concentrations of maternal PSPB and P4 and had no effect on postnatal calf growth performance.}, number={5}, journal={JOURNAL OF ANIMAL SCIENCE}, author={Mercadante, V. R. G. and Fontes, P. L. P. and Ciriaco, F. M. and Henry, D. D. and Moriel, P. and Ealy, A. D. and Johnson, S. E. and DiLorenzo, N. and Lamb, G. C.}, year={2016}, month={May}, pages={2128–2138} }
 @article{moriel_artioli_piccolo_marques_poore_cooke_2016, title={Effects of timing of anabolic implant insertion on growth and immunity of recently weaned beef steers}, volume={94}, ISSN={["1525-3163"]}, DOI={10.2527/jas.2016-0470}, abstractNote={We evaluated the effects of timing of estrogenic implant insertion, relative to weaning, on growth performance and measurements of innate and humoral immunity of beef calves. On d -14, Angus × Simmental crossbred steers ( = 48; BW = 217 ± 5 kg; age = 191 ± 3 d) were stratified by BW, age, and cow parity and randomly assigned to receive no implant (NOIP) or 36 mg of zeranol on d -14, 0, or 14, relative to weaning (IP-14, IP0, and IP+14, respectively; 12 steers/treatment). From d -14 to 0, cow-calf pairs remained on a single, tall-fescue pasture with no access to concentrate supplementation. Steers were weaned on d 0, stratified by treatment and BW, and then allocated into 1 of 16 drylot pens to receive daily free-choice access to a corn silage-based diet during the preconditioning phase (d 0 to 56). Steers were vaccinated against infectious bovine rhinotracheitis (IBRV), bovine viral diarrhea virus (BVDV), and on d -27 and 0. From d 56 to 252 (postpreconditioning phase), steers remained in their respective feedlot pens and were provided free-choice access to corn silage-based growing (d 56 to 167) and finishing total mixed rations (d 168 to 252). Body weight on d 0 did not differ among treatments ( ≥ 0.29) but was greater for IP-14 and IP0 than NOIP and IP+14 steers on d 14, 42, and 56 ( ≤ 0.05). Treatment effects were not detected for G:F and DMI from d 0 to 56 ( ≥ 0.34), but ADG from d -14 to 56 was greater for IP-14 compared to NOIP ( ≤ 0.05) and intermediate for IP0 and IP+14 steers. Plasma IGF-1 concentrations were greater for IP-14 than NOIP ( ≤ 0.05) and intermediate for IP0 and IP+14 steers on d -7, 0, 14, and 21. Plasma concentrations of cortisol and haptoglobin and serum titers against BVDV types 1a and 2 did not differ among treatments from d 0 to 56 ( ≥ 0.37). However, serum IBRV titers were greater for IP+14 than NOIP, IP-14, and IP0 steers ( ≤ 0.02). On d 252, BW was greater for IP-14 and IP0 than NOIP steers ( ≤ 0.05) and intermediate for IP+14 steers, but ADG and G:F from d 57 to 252 and carcass characteristics at slaughter did not differ among treatments ( ≥ 0.16). Thus, the 36-mg zeranol implant did not elicit an inflammatory response or affect the overall vaccine response of steers (except for IBRV titers). However, growth of steers during a 56-d preconditioning period was enhanced by administering 36-mg zeranol implant 14 d before weaning, without affecting subsequent postpreconditioning growth and carcass characteristics at slaughter.}, number={7}, journal={JOURNAL OF ANIMAL SCIENCE}, author={Moriel, P. and Artioli, L. F. A. and Piccolo, M. B. and Marques, R. S. and Poore, M. H. and Cooke, R. F.}, year={2016}, month={Jul}, pages={3051–3060} }
 @article{moriel_artioli_piccolo_marques_poore_cooke_2016, title={Frequency of wet brewers grains supplementation during late gestation of beef cows and its effects on offspring postnatal growth and immunity}, volume={94}, ISSN={["1525-3163"]}, DOI={10.2527/jas.2016-0427}, abstractNote={Our objectives were to evaluate postnatal growth and measurements of innate and humoral immunity of beef calves born to dams fed wet brewers grains (WBG) daily or 3 times weekly during late gestation. On d 0 (approximately 60 d before calving), 28 multiparous, spring-calving Angus cows (BW = 578 ± 19 kg; age = 4.7 ± 0.65 yr; BCS = 7.0 ± 0.18) were stratified by sire, age, BW, and BCS and then randomly allocated into 1 of 14 drylot pens (2 cows/pen; 18 by 3 m; 27 m/cow). Cows were offered ground tall fescue hay ad libitum and received similar weekly WBG supplementation (DMI = 0.5% of BW multiplied by 7 d). Treatments were randomly assigned to pens (7 pens/treatment) and consisted of cows receiving WBG supplementation daily (S7; weekly DMI of WBG divided by 7 d) or 3 times weekly (S3; weekly DMI of WBG divided by 3 d; Mondays, Wednesdays, and Fridays) from d 0 until calving. Cow-calf pairs were managed as a single group on tall fescue pastures from calving to weaning (d 226). Calves were immediately submitted to a preconditioning period from d 226 to 266 and vaccinated against infectious bovine rhinotracheitis, bovine viral diarrhea virus, , and on d 231 and 245. Decreasing the frequency of WBG supplementation did not impact ( ≥ 0.21) precalving intake of total DM, CP, and TDN; BW and BCS change; overall plasma cortisol concentrations; and postcalving growth and pregnancy rate of cows. Overall plasma concentrations of glucose and insulin did not differ ( ≥ 0.28) between S3 and S7 cows, whereas S3 cows had greater ( = 0.002) plasma glucose concentrations and tended ( = 0.06) to have greater plasma insulin concentrations on days they were not fed WBG vs. days of WBG supplementation. Calf plasma concentrations of haptoglobin and cortisol at birth but not serum IgG ( = 0.63) tended ( = 0.10) to be greater for S3 vs. S7 calves. However, additional calf growth and immunity variables obtained during pre- and postweaning phases did not differ between S3 and S7 calves ( ≥ 0.21). Hence, decreasing the frequency of WBG supplementation during late gestation caused oscillations on precalving plasma glucose and insulin concentrations but did not affect plasma cortisol concentrations, growth, and pregnancy rate of cows. Also, reduced frequency of WBG supplementation during late gestation did not have carryover effects on postnatal calf growth and immunity.}, number={6}, journal={JOURNAL OF ANIMAL SCIENCE}, author={Moriel, P. and Artioli, L. F. A. and Piccolo, M. B. and Marques, R. S. and Poore, M. H. and Cooke, R. F.}, year={2016}, month={Jun}, pages={2553–2563} }
 @article{moriel_piccolo_artioli_marques_poore_cooke_2016, title={Short-term energy restriction during late gestation of beef cows decreases postweaning calf humoral immune response to vaccination}, volume={94}, ISSN={["1525-3163"]}, DOI={10.2527/jas.2016-0426}, abstractNote={Our objectives were to evaluate the pre- and postweaning growth and measurements of innate and humoral immune response of beef calves born to cows fed 70 or 100% of NEm requirements during the last 40 d of gestation. On d 0 (approximately 40 d before calving), 30 multiparous Angus cows pregnant to embryo transfer (BW = 631 ± 15 kg; age = 5.2 ± 0.98 yr; BCS = 6.3 ± 0.12) were randomly allocated into 1 of 10 drylot pens (3 cows/pen). Treatments were randomly assigned to pens (5 pens/treatment) and consisted of cows limit-fed (d 0 to calving) isonitrogenous, total-mixed diets formulated to provide 100 (CTRL) or 70% (REST) of daily NEm requirements of a 630-kg beef cow at 8 mo of gestation. Immediately after calving, all cow-calf pairs were combined into a single management group and rotationally grazed on tall fescue pastures (6 pastures; 22 ha/pasture) until weaning (d 266). All calves were assigned to a 40-d preconditioning period in a drylot from d 266 to 306 and vaccinated against infectious bovine rhinotracheitis, bovine viral diarrhea virus (BVDV), , and spp. on d 273 and 287. Blood samples from jugular vein were collected from cows on d 0, 17, and 35 and from calves within 12 h of birth and on d 266, 273, 274, 276, 279, and 287. By design, REST cows consumed less ( ≤ 0.002) total DMI, TDN, and NEm but had similar CP intake ( = 0.67), which tended ( = 0.06) to increase BW loss from d 0 to calving, than CTRL cows (-1.09 vs. -0.70 ± 0.14 kg/d, respectively). However, gestational NEm intake did not affect ( ≥ 0.30) plasma concentrations of cortisol, insulin, and glucose during gestation and BCS at calving as well as postcalving pregnancy rate, BW, and BCS change of cows. Calf serum IgG concentrations and plasma concentrations of haptoglobin and cortisol at birth as well as calf pre- and postweaning BW and ADG did not differ ( ≥ 0.15) between calves born to REST and CTRL cows. However, calf postweaning overall plasma concentrations of cortisol; plasma haptoglobin concentrations on d 274, 276, and 279; and serum BVDV-1a titers on d 306 were less for REST calves than for CTRL calves ( ≤ 0.05). Hence, a NEm restriction to 70% of daily requirements during the last 40 d of gestation had minimal effects on cow precalving growth and did not affect postcalving cow growth and reproductive performance. However, it decreased postweaning vaccination-induced humoral immunity, inflammatory, and physiological stress responses of calves.}, number={6}, journal={JOURNAL OF ANIMAL SCIENCE}, author={Moriel, P. and Piccolo, M. B. and Artioli, L. F. A. and Marques, R. S. and Poore, M. H. and Cooke, R. F.}, year={2016}, month={Jun}, pages={2542–2552} }
 @article{artioli_moriel_poore_marques_cooke_2015, title={Decreasing the frequency of energy supplementation from daily to three times weekly impairs growth and humoral immune response of preconditioning beef steers}, volume={93}, ISSN={["1525-3163"]}, DOI={10.2527/jas.2015-9457}, abstractNote={We evaluated the effects of frequency of energy supplementation on growth and measurements of innate and humoral immune responses of preconditioning beef steers following vaccination. Angus steers ( = 24; 221 ± 6.3 kg; 177 ± 4 d of age) were weaned on d -7 and kept in a single drylot pen with free access to tall fescue hay and concentrate DMI at 0.5% of BW (50:50 mix of soyhulls and corn gluten pellets; DM basis) from d -7 to 0. On d 0, steers were stratified by BW and age and randomly assigned to 1 of 8 feedlot pens (3 steers/pen). Treatments were randomly assigned to pens (4 pens/treatment) and consisted of steers provided daily free access to ground tall fescue hay and similar weekly concentrate DMI (1% of BW times 7 d), which was divided and offered either daily (S7) or 3 times weekly (S3; Monday, Wednesday, and Friday) from d 0 to 42. Individual BW was measured before feeding on d 0 and 42, after 12 h of feed and water withdrawal. Steers were vaccinated against infectious bovine rhinotracheitis, bovine viral diarrhea virus (BVDV), and clostridium on d 7 and 21. Blood samples were collected from the jugular vein on d -7 and 4 h after concentrate supplementation on d 0, 7, 8, 9, 10, 14, 21, 22, 23, 24, 28, 35, and 42. Steers offered concentrate daily had greater ( ≤ 0.02) BW on d 42, overall ADG, and total DMI, but similar ( = 0.14) G:F, than S3 steers. On days that S7 and S3 steers were offered concentrate, total DMI was greater and hay DMI was less for S3 vs. S7 steers ( ≤ 0.05). On days that only S7 steers were supplemented, hay DMI was greater, but total DMI was less for S3 vs. S7 steers ( ≤ 0.05). Mean CP and NEg intake were greater ( ≤ 0.03) for S7 vs. S3 steers. Plasma cortisol concentrations on d 7 and 28, and mean plasma haptoglobin concentrations, but not liver mRNA expression of haptoglobin ( = 0.75), were greater for S3 vs. S7 steers ( ≤ 0.03). Plasma IGF-1 concentrations on d 0 and urea nitrogen on d 1 and 3, relative to vaccination, were greater for S7 vs. S3 steers ( ≤ 0.008). Positive seroconversion to BVDV-1b on d 42 and mean serum BVDV-1b titers were greater for S7 vs. S3 steers ( ≤ 0.05). In summary, decreasing the frequency of concentrate supplementation from daily to three times weekly, during a 42-d preconditioning period, decreased growth performance, increased plasma concentrations of haptoglobin and cortisol, and decreased vaccine-induced antibody production against BVDV-1b of beef steers.}, number={11}, journal={JOURNAL OF ANIMAL SCIENCE}, author={Artioli, L. F. A. and Moriel, P. and Poore, M. H. and Marques, R. S. and Cooke, R. F.}, year={2015}, month={Nov}, pages={5430–5441} }
 @article{moriel_artioli_poore_confer_marques_cooke_2015, title={Increasing the metabolizable protein supply enhanced growth performance and led to variable results on innate and humoral immune response of preconditioning beef steers}, volume={93}, ISSN={["1525-3163"]}, DOI={10.2527/jas.2015-9238}, abstractNote={We evaluated the effects of MP supply on growth performance before and after preconditioning and measurements of innate and humoral immune response of beef steers following vaccination. Angus steers ( = 36; BW = 231 ± 21 kg; age = 184 ± 18 d) were weaned on d -6, stratified by BW and age on d 0, and randomly assigned to 1 of 18 drylot pens (2 steers/pen). Treatments were assigned to pens (6 pens/treatment) and consisted of corn silage-based diets formulated to provide 85%, 100%, or 115% of the daily MP requirements of a beef steer gaining 1.1 kg/d from d 0 to 42. Steers were vaccinated against infectious bovine rhinotracheitis virus, bovine viral diarrhea (BVDV) types 1 and 2 viruses, and clostridium on d 14 and 28. Blood samples were collected on d 0, 14, 15, 17, 21, 28, 29, 30, 35, and 42. Body weight did not differ ( ≥ 0.17) among treatments from d 0 to 28. On d 42, 115% MP steers were heaviest, 100% MP steers were intermediate, and 85% MP steers were lightest ( = 0.05; 297, 290, and 278 ± 7 kg, respectively). Overall, ADG and G:F did not differ ( ≥ 0.13) between 100% and 115% MP steers and were least ( < 0.01) for 85% MP steers (1.2, 1.4, and 0.8 ± 0.07 kg/d and 0.23, 0.24, and 0.19 ± 0.008, respectively). Plasma haptoglobin (Hp) concentrations did not differ among treatments ( ≥ 0.46), whereas plasma ceruloplasmin (Cp) concentrations were greatest ( ≤ 0.04) for 85% MP steers, intermediate for 100% MP steers, and least for 115% MP steers on d 30, 35, and 42. Plasma cortisol concentrations were greater ( ≤ 0.03) for 85% vs. 100% and 115% MP steers on d 14 and 28. Liver mRNA expression of Cp and Hp and muscle mRNA expression of m-calpain, mammalian target of rapamycin, and ubiquitin did not differ among treatments ( ≥ 0.17). Serum neutralization titers to BVDV-1b titers were greater ( ≤ 0.02) for 115% vs. 85% and 100% MP steers on d 42 (5.8, 3.0, and 3.7 ± 0.60 log, respectively), whereas mean serum leukotoxin titers were greater for 85% vs. 100% and 115% MP steers (3.1, 2.4, and 2.5 ± 0.21 log, respectively). Preconditioning MP supply did not affect ( ≥ 0.26) ubsequent finishing growth performance and carcass characteristics. Thus, increasing MP supply from 85% to 115% of daily requirement of preconditioning beef steers had variable results on innate and humoral immune response and enhanced growth performance during a 42-d preconditioning period without affecting carcass characteristics at slaughter.}, number={9}, journal={JOURNAL OF ANIMAL SCIENCE}, author={Moriel, P. and Artioli, L. F. A. and Poore, M. H. and Confer, A. W. and Marques, R. S. and Cooke, R. F.}, year={2015}, month={Sep}, pages={4473–4485} }
 @article{vendramini_sanchez_cooke_aguiar_moriel_silva_cunha_ferreira_pereira_2015, title={Stocking rate and monensin supplemental level effects on growth performance of beef cattle consuming warm-season grasses}, volume={93}, ISSN={["1525-3163"]}, DOI={10.2527/jas.2015-8913}, abstractNote={The objective of this study was to evaluate the effects of monensin supplementation on animals receiving warm-season grass with limited supplementation. In Exp. 1, treatments were a factorial combination of 2 stocking rates (1.2 and 1.7 animal unit [AU] [500 kg BW]/ha) and supplementation with monensin (200 mg/d) or control (no monensin) distributed in a complete randomized design with 3 replicates. Thirty Angus × Brahman crossbred heifers (Bos taurus × Bos indicus) with initial BW of 343 ± 8 kg were randomly allocated into 12 bahiagrass (Paspalum notatum) pastures and supplemented with 0.4 kg DM of concentrate (14% CP and 78% TDN) daily for 86 d. Herbage mass (HM) and nutritive value evaluations were conducted every 14 d, and heifers were weighed every 28 d. There was no effect (P ≥ 0.97) of monensin on HM, herbage allowance (HA), and ADG; however, animals receiving monensin had greater (P = 0.03) plasma urea nitrogen (PUN) concentrations. The stocking rate treatments had similar HM in June (P = 0.20) and July (P = 0.18), but the higher stocking rate decreased (P < 0.01) HM and HA during August and September. Average daily gain was greater (P < 0.01) for the pastures with the lower stocking rate in August but not different in July and September (P ≥ 0.15). Gain per hectare tended to be greater on pastures with the higher stocking rate (P ≤ 0.06). In Exp. 2, treatments were 3 levels of monensin (125, 250, and 375 mg/animal per day) and control (no monensin) tested in a 4 × 4 Latin square with a 10-d adaptation period followed by 5 d of rumen fluid collection and total DMI evaluation. Blood samples were collected on d 4 and 5 of the collection period. Ground stargrass (Cynodon nlemfuensis) hay (11.0% CP and 52% in vitro digestible organic matter) was offered daily. The steers received the same supplementation regimen as in Exp. 1. Total DMI was not different among treatments (P = 0.64). There was a linear increase (P ≤ 0.01) in propionate and a tendency for decreased acetate (P ≤ 0.09) concentrations in the rumen with increasing levels of monensin; however, there was no effect (P ≥ 0.19) of monensin levels on ruminal pH and ruminal concentrations of butyrate and ammonia. In addition, there was no effect (P ≥ 0.73) of monensin levels on plasma concentrations of glucose, insulin, IGF-1, and PUN. In summary, monensin supplementation effects were not detected at either stocking rate and may not be effective in increasing performance of beef cattle grazing low-quality warm-season grasses with limited supplementation.}, number={7}, journal={JOURNAL OF ANIMAL SCIENCE}, author={Vendramini, J. M. B. and Sanchez, J. M. D. and Cooke, R. F. and Aguiar, A. D. and Moriel, P. and Silva, W. L. and Cunha, O. F. R. and Ferreira, P. D. S. and Pereira, A. C.}, year={2015}, month={Jul}, pages={3682–3689} }
 @article{moriel_johnson_vendramini_mercadante_hersom_arthington_2014, title={Effects of calf weaning age and subsequent management system on growth and reproductive performance of beef heifers}, volume={92}, ISSN={["1525-3163"]}, DOI={10.2527/jas.2013-7389}, abstractNote={Brahman × British crossbred heifers (n = 40 and 38 heifers in yr 1 and 2, respectively) were used to evaluate the effects of calf weaning age and subsequent management system on growth and reproductive performance. On d 0, heifers were ranked by BW (89 ± 16 kg) and age (72 ± 13 d) and randomly assigned to a conventional management group that was normally weaned on d 180 (NW; n = 10 heifers annually) or early weaned (EW) on d 0 and 1) limit fed a high-concentrate diet at 3.5% of BW (as fed) in drylot until d 180 (EW180; n = 10 heifers annually), 2) limit fed a high-concentrate diet at 3.5% of BW (as fed) in drylot until d 90, then grazed on Bahiagrass pastures until d 180 (EW90; n = 10 heifers annually), or 3) grazed on annual ryegrass pastures until d 60 (yr 1; n = 10 heifers) or 90 (yr 2; n = 8 heifers), then on Bahiagrass pastures until d 180 (EWRG). On d 180, all heifers were grouped by treatment and rotated on Bahiagrass pastures until d 390. Grazing heifers were supplemented at 1.0% BW until d 180 and at 1.5% BW from d 180 to 390. From d 0 to 90, EW180 and EW90 heifers were heavier (P ≤ 0.02) than NW and EWRG heifers, whereas NW heifers tended (P = 0.09) to be heavier on d 90 than EWRG heifers. In yr 1 and 2, EW180 heifers were heaviest (P < 0.0001) on d 180. In yr 1, EWRG heifers were lightest (P < 0.0001), whereas EW90 and NW heifers had similar BW (P = 0.58). Conversely, EW90, EWRG, and NW heifers achieved similar BW on d 180 of yr 2 (P ≥ 0.18). Positive correlations were detected (P ≤ 0.05) between liver IGF-1 mRNA abundance on d 90 and ADG from d 0 to 90 and between liver IGF-1 mRNA abundance on d 180 and ADG from d 90 to 180. The EW180 heifers were youngest (P ≤ 0.01) at puberty. From d 260 to 340, the percentage of pubertal heifers was greater (P ≤ 0.03) for EW90 vs. NW heifers but did not differ (P ≥ 0.15) between EWRG and NW heifers. The ADG from d 0 to 90 and the plasma IGF-1 on d 90 and 180 explained approximately 34% of the variability in age at puberty. In summary, the EW90 and EW180 heifer management systems evaluated in this study altered the BW at the time of NW and were good alternatives for anticipating puberty achievement compared to NW heifers.}, number={7}, journal={JOURNAL OF ANIMAL SCIENCE}, author={Moriel, P. and Johnson, S. E. and Vendramini, J. M. B. and Mercadante, V. R. G. and Hersom, M. J. and Arthington, J. D.}, year={2014}, month={Jul}, pages={3096–3107} }
 @article{moriel_johnson_vendramini_mccann_gerrard_mercadante_hersom_arthington_2014, title={Effects of calf weaning age and subsequent management systems on growth performance and carcass characteristics of beef steers}, volume={92}, ISSN={["1525-3163"]}, DOI={10.2527/jas.2014-7751}, abstractNote={Brahman × British crossbred steers (n = 40 and 38 in yr 1 and 2, respectively) were used to evaluate the effects of calf management systems following early weaning (EW) on growth performance, muscle gene expression, and carcass characteristics. On the day of EW (d 0), steers were stratified by BW and age (95 ± 14 kg; 74 ± 14 d) and randomly assigned to a control treatment that was normally weaned (NW) on d 180 (n = 10 steers/yr) or to 1 of 3 EW treatments: 1) EW and limit fed a high-concentrate diet at 3.5% of BW (as-fed basis) in drylot until d 180 (EW180; n = 10 steers/yr), 2) EW and limit fed a high-concentrate diet at 3.5% of BW (as-fed basis) in drylot until d 90 and then grazed on bahiagrass pastures until d 180 (EW90; n = 10 steers/yr), or 3) EW and grazed on annual ryegrass pastures until d 60 (yr 1; n = 10 steers) or 90 (yr 2; n = 8 steers) and then on bahiagrass pastures until d 180 (EWRG). Early-weaned steers on ryegrass and bahiagrass pastures were supplemented with high-concentrate diet at 1.0% of BW (as-fed basis) until d 180. From d 180 to 270 (yr 1), all EW steers remained in their respective treatments, whereas NW steers were provided high-concentrate diet at 1.0% of BW (as-fed basis) on bahiagrass pastures. In yr 1, feedlot finishing period began on d 270. In yr 2, the study was terminated on d 180. In both years, EW180 steers were heaviest (P < 0.0001) on d 180. On d 180 of yr 1, EWRG steers were lightest (P < 0.0001) and EW90 steers were heavier (P = 0.05) than NW steers, whereas EW90, EWRG, and NW steers had similar BW on d 180 of yr 2 (P ≥ 0.14). On d 90, muscle PPARγ mRNA expression tended (P = 0.07) to be greater for EW180 steers and was greater (P = 0.008) for EW90 vs. EWRG steers but similar (P = 0.25) between EW180 and NW steers. On d 180, PPARγ mRNA was greater (P ≤ 0.06) for EW180 vs. NW, EW90, and EWRG steers. From d 274 to 302, EW180 steers had the least ADG (P ≤ 0.09), whereas EW90 steers had similar (P = 0.19) ADG compared with EWRG steers but greater (P = 0.03) ADG than NW steers. At slaughter, carcass characteristics did not differ (P ≥ 0.22) among treatments. In summary, EW steers provided a high-concentrate diet in drylot for at least 90 d were heavier at the time of normal weaning than NW steers and EW steers grazed on ryegrass pastures for 60 to 90 d and supplemented with concentrate at 1.0% of BW. Feeding a high-concentrate diet immediately after EW enhanced the muscle PPARγ expression but did not enhance marbling at slaughter.}, number={8}, journal={JOURNAL OF ANIMAL SCIENCE}, author={Moriel, P. and Johnson, S. E. and Vendramini, J. M. B. and McCann, M. A. and Gerrard, D. E. and Mercadante, V. R. G. and Hersom, M. J. and Arthington, J. D.}, year={2014}, month={Aug}, pages={3598–3609} }
 @article{cappellozza_cooke_reis_moriel_keisler_bohnert_2014, title={Supplementation based on protein or energy ingredients to beef cattle consuming low-quality cool-season forages: II. Performance, reproductive, and metabolic responses of replacement heifers}, volume={92}, ISSN={["1525-3163"]}, DOI={10.2527/jas.2013-7442}, abstractNote={This experiment evaluated the influence of supplement composition on performance, reproductive, and metabolic responses of Angus × Hereford heifers consuming a low-quality cool-season forage (8.7% CP and 57% TDN). Sixty heifers (initial age = 226 ± 3 d) were allocated into 15 drylot pens (4 heifers/pen and 5 pens/treatment) and assigned to 1) supplementation with soybean meal (PROT), 2) supplementation with a mixture of cracked corn, soybean meal, and urea (68:22:10 ratio, DM basis; ENER), or 3) no supplementation (CON). Heifers were offered meadow foxtail (Alopecurus pratensis L.) hay for ad libitum consumption during the experiment (d -10 to 160). Beginning on d 0, PROT and ENER were provided daily at a rate of 1.30 and 1.40 kg of DM/heifer to ensure that PROT and ENER intakes were isocaloric and isonitrogenous. Hay and total DMI were recorded for 5 consecutive days during each month of the experiment. Blood was collected every 10 d for analysis of plasma progesterone to evaluate puberty attainment. Blood samples collected on d -10, 60, 120, and 150 were also analyzed for plasma concentrations of plasma urea N (PUN), glucose, insulin, IGF-I, NEFA, and leptin. Liver samples were collected on d 100 from 2 heifers/pen and analyzed for mRNA expression of genes associated with nutritional metabolism. No treatment effect was detected (P = 0.33) on forage DMI. Total DMI, ADG, and mean concentrations of glucose, insulin, and IGF-I as well as hepatic mRNA expression of IGF-I and IGFBP-3 were greater (P ≤ 0.02) for PROT and ENER compared with CON and similar between PROT and ENER (P ≥ 0.13). Mean PUN concentrations were also greater (P < 0.01) for PROT and ENER compared with CON, whereas PROT heifers had greater (P < 0.01) PUN compared with ENER. Plasma leptin concentrations were similar between ENER and PROT (P ≥ 0.19) and greater (P ≤ 0.03) for ENER and PROT compared with CON on d 120 and 150 (treatment × day interaction, P = 0.03). Hepatic mRNA expression of mitochondrial phosphoenolpyruvate carboxykinase was greater (P = 0.05) in PROT compared with CON and ENER and similar between CON and ENER (P = 0.98). The proportion of heifers pubertal on d 160 was greater (P < 0.01) in ENER compared with PROT and CON and similar between PROT and CON (P = 0.38). In conclusion, beef heifers consuming a low-quality cool-season forage had a similar increase in DMI, growth, and overall metabolic status if offered supplements based on soybean meal or corn at 0.5% of BW.}, number={6}, journal={JOURNAL OF ANIMAL SCIENCE}, author={Cappellozza, B. I. and Cooke, R. F. and Reis, M. M. and Moriel, P. and Keisler, D. H. and Bohnert, D. W.}, year={2014}, month={Jun}, pages={2725–2734} }